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Cai LL, Xu HT, Wang QL, Zhang YQ, Chen W, Zheng DY, Liu F, Yuan HB, Li YH, Fu HL. EP4 activation ameliorates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury via ERK1/2‑GSK3β‑dependent MPTP inhibition. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1825-1837. [PMID: 32186754 PMCID: PMC7169940 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E receptor subtype 4 (EP4) is widely distributed in the heart, but its role in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), particularly in mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) modulation, is yet to be elucidated. In the present study, an EP4 agonist (CAY10598) was used in a rat model to evaluate the effects of EP4 activation on liver I/R and the mechanisms underlying this. I/R insult upregulated hepatic EP4 expression during early reperfusion. In addition, subcutaneous CAY10598 injection prior to the onset of reperfusion significantly increased hepatocyte cAMP concentrations and decreased serum ALT and AST levels and necrotic and apoptotic cell percentages, after 6 h of reperfusion. Moreover, CAY10598 protected mitochondrial morphology, markedly inhibited mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening and decreased liver reactive oxygen species levels. This occurred via activation of the ERK1/2-GSK3β pathway rather than the janus kinase (JAK)2-signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)3 pathway, and resulted in prevention of mitochondria-associated cell injury. The MPTP opener carboxyatractyloside (CATR) and the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 also partially reversed the protective effects of CAY10598 on the liver and mitochondria. The current findings indicate that EP4 activation induces ERK1/2-GSK3β signaling and subsequent MPTP inhibition to provide hepatoprotection, and these observations are informative for developing new molecular targets and preventative therapies for I/R in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Long Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Qing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Yu Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Department of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Hua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Long Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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Protective effect of sevoflurane on hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury in the rat: A dose-response study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2015; 30:612-7. [PMID: 23702600 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0b013e3283614023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischaemia/reperfusion injury is a common problem in hepatic surgery. An appreciation of the role of sevoflurane dose in preconditioning and subsequent hepatoprotection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury would be useful. OBJECTIVE The aim of current study was to investigate the protective effect of sevoflurane preconditioning at different doses on hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rats. DESIGN Randomised, controlled, laboratory study. SETTING The Department of Anaesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China. PARTICIPANTS Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200 to 250 g, randomly assigned to five groups. INTERVENTIONS Control group (sham surgery, no ischaemia/reperfusion), I/R group (ischaemia/reperfusion but no sevoflurane pretreatment), S1 [1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) = 2.4%], S2 (1.5 MAC = 3.6%) and S3 (2 MAC = 4.8%) groups with sevoflurane pretreatment, respectively, followed by 60 min ischaemia and 120 min reperfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES At the end of reperfusion, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase as well as superoxide dismutase activity, myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde content in the liver were determined. Histological examination of the liver was also performed. RESULTS Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the sevoflurane groups were significantly reduced compared to the elevated levels seen in the I/R group (P < 0.05). In the liver, the I/R-induced increase in myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde level were significantly reduced by all sevoflurane concentrations (P < 0.05). The decrease in superoxide dismutase activity induced by I/R was prevented by all sevoflurane pretreatments (P < 0.05). No significant differences between the S1, S2 and S3 groups were seen in any of the above variables. CONCLUSION Sevoflurane pretreatment exerts a protective effect on hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury but there is no significant dose-response relationship in the concentration range used. It is possible that a dose-response relationship might exist at lower concentrations.
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Yin X, Zheng F, Pan Q, Zhang S, Yu D, Xu Z, Li H. Glucose fluctuation increased hepatocyte apoptosis under lipotoxicity and the involvement of mitochondrial permeability transition opening. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 55:169-81. [PMID: 26464382 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered to be an important factor in producing lethal hepatocyte injury associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Glucose fluctuation, more pronounced in patients with diabetes, has been recognized as an even stronger oxidative stress inducer than the sustained hyperglycemia. Here, we investigated the role of glucose variability in the development of the NAFLD based on hepatocyte apoptosis and possible mechanisms. To achieve this goal we studied C57BL/6J mice that were maintained on a high fat diet (HFD) and injected with glucose (3 g/kg) twice daily to induce intermittent high glucose (IHG). We also studied hepatic L02 cells incubated with palmitic acid (PA) to induce steatosis. The following experimental groups were compared: normal glucose (NG), sustained high glucose (SHG) and IHG with or without PA. We found that, although hepatic enzyme levels and liver lipid deposition were comparable between HFD mice injected with glucose or saline, the glucose injected mice displayed marked hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammation, accompanied by increased lipid peroxide in liver. In vitro, in the presence of PA, IHG increased L02 cell apoptosis and oxidative stress and produced pronounced mitochondrial dysfunction relative to the NG and SHG groups. Furthermore, treatment with the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) inhibitor, cyclosporin A (1.5 μmol/l), prevented mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis. Our data suggests that IHG under lipotoxicity might contribute to the development of NAFLD by increasing oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis via MPT and its related mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Yin
- Department of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Fenping Zheng
- Department of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Qianqian Pan
- Department of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Saifei Zhang
- Department of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Zhiye Xu
- Department of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
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Morita T, Ishikawa M, Sakamoto A. Identical MicroRNAs Regulate Liver Protection during Anaesthetic and Ischemic Preconditioning in Rats: An animal study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125866. [PMID: 25974021 PMCID: PMC4431739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaesthetic preconditioning (APC) and ischemic preconditioning (IPC) ameliorate liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and are important for regulating hepatic I/R injury. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNA molecules of 21-23 nucleotides in length, and are currently under intensive investigation regarding their ability to regulate gene expression in a wide range of species. miRNA activity is involved in controlling a wide range of biological functions and processes. We evaluated whether APC and IPC are mediated by the same miRNAs by performing comprehensive miRNA screening experiments in a rat model of hepatic I/R injury. Twenty-one rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 7/group): control (mock preconditioning), APC, and IPC. Control rats were subjected to 60 min of hepatic ischemia followed by 4 h of reperfusion, whereas the APC and IPC groups were preconditioned with 2% sevoflurane and hepatic ischemia for 10 min prior to ischemia-reperfusion, respectively. Liver samples were collected to measure miRNA levels after 3 h of reperfusion, and gene networks and canonical pathways were identified using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Blood samples were collected to measure the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Although haemodynamic parameters did not vary among the groups, AST and ALT levels were significantly higher in the control group than in the APC and IPC groups. Comprehensive miRNA screening experiments revealed that most miRNAs altered in the APC group were common to those in the IPC group. IPA identified five miRNAs related to the Akt-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)-cyclin D1 pathway that were significantly affected by both preconditioning strategies. The application of either APC or IPC to ameliorate hepatic I/R injury results in expression of several common miRNAs that are related to the Akt-GSK-cyclin D1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Morita
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Ishikawa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Fu H, Xu H, Chen H, Li Y, Li W, Zhu Q, Zhang Q, Yuan H, Liu F, Wang Q, Miao M, Shi X. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 ameliorates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury via an energy-dependent mitochondrial mechanism. J Hepatol 2014; 61:816-24. [PMID: 24862449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The mechanisms of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)-mediated cytoprotection during liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) remain controversial, particularly in older organs. This study explores the role and potential mechanisms of GSK-3 in young and aging livers. METHODS A rodent partial warm I/R model was used to evaluate the therapeutic potential of GSK-3 modulation during hepatic I/R in young and aging Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS GSK-3 inhibition through IPC or SB216763 (SB21) preconditioning protected young rats from I/R-induced liver injury. This protection was absent in old animals but could be restored by glucose infusion prior to the I/R insult. The protection conferred by GSK-3 inhibition depended on mitochondrial metabolism regulation. Indeed, the inhibition of GSK-3 suppressed mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, triggering mitohormesis in young animals, whereas insufficient fuel suppressed mitochondrial metabolism and inactivated the GSK-3-related protection in old animals. SB21 and glucose reactivated the mitochondrial F0F1-ATPase and subsequent protective cascades in the senescent liver. These effects were antagonized by an ATPase inhibitor and by an MPTP opener. CONCLUSIONS The protection conferred by GSK-3 inhibition during hepatic I/R insult is energy dependent, particularly in senescent livers. These findings demonstrate a key role for GSK-3-related mitochondrial energy homeostasis, which may shed new light on the clinical use of GSK-3 inhibitors to protect liver function in surgical settings, particularly for older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Haitao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yonghua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiufeng Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Department of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Quanxing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Department of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Mingyong Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xueyin Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Hamilton K, Wolfswinkel EM, Weathers WM, Xue AS, Hatef DA, Izaddoost S, Hollier LH. The Delay Phenomenon: A Compilation of Knowledge across Specialties. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2014; 7:112-8. [PMID: 25071876 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1371355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this article is to review and integrate the available literature in different fields to gain a better understanding of the basic physiology and optimize vascular delay as a reconstructive surgery technique. Methods A broad search of the literature was performed using the Medline database. Two queries were performed using "vascular delay," a search expected to yield perspectives from the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery, and "ischemic preconditioning," (IPC) which was expected to yield research on the same topic in other fields. Results The combined searches yielded a total of 1824 abstracts. The "vascular delay" query yielded 76 articles from 1984 to 2011. The "ischemic preconditioning" query yielded 6534 articles, ranging from 1980 to 2012. The abstracts were screened for those from other specialties in addition to reconstructive surgery, analyzed potential or current uses of vascular delay in practice, or provided developments in understanding the pathophysiology of vascular delay. 70 articles were identified that met inclusion criteria and were applicable to vascular delay or ischemic preconditioning. Conclusion An understanding of IPC's implementation and mechanisms in other fields has beneficial implications for the field of reconstructive surgery in the context of the delay phenomenon. Despite an incomplete model of IPC's pathways, the anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory benefits of IPC are well recognized. The activation of angiogenic genes through IPC could allow for complex flap design, even in poorly vascularized regions. IPC's promotion of angiogenesis and reduction of endothelial dysfunction remain most applicable to reconstructive surgery in reducing graft-related complications and flap failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amy S Xue
- Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel A Hatef
- Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Jin LM, Jin SF, Liu YX, Zhou L, Xie HY, Yan S, Xu X, Zheng SS. Ischemic preconditioning enhances hepatocyte proliferation in the early phase after ischemia under hemi-hepatectomy in rats. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2012; 11:521-6. [PMID: 23060398 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(12)60217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important barrier to liver surgery and transplantation because it impairs remnant liver/reduced-size-graft regeneration. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC), as an effective measure to overcome I/R injury, has been shown to enhance the regenerative capacity of hepatocytes. However, investigations have always focused on regeneration in the late phase after reperfusion. This study aimed to investigate whether IPC enhances hepatocyte proliferation in the early phase after reperfusion and possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS A total of 90 rats were divided into three groups: hemi-hepatectomy alone (PHx group), 60 minutes of ischemia plus hemi-hepatectomy (I/R group), and a cycle of 10 minutes of alternating I/R prior to 60 minutes of ischemia plus hemi-hepatectomy (IPC group). Each group was divided into five subgroups sacrificed after 0.5, 2, 6, 12 or 24 hours (n=6/subgroup). Subsequently, serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured; caspase-3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) proteins were also determined by Western blotting. Furthermore, PCNA was detected by immunohistochemistry to identify the expression site. RESULTS Serum ALT and AST levels after 2-24 hours of reperfusion in the PHx and IPC groups were remarkably decreased compared to the I/R group, and the serum TNF-alpha was relatively lower. A significant increase of serum IL-6 levels was found in the PHx and IPC groups compared with the I/R group at each time point. Furthermore, PCNA expression was remarkably increased in the IPC group after 6-12 hours of reperfusion, and in the earlier 0.5 and 6 hours time points after reperfusion have shown the massive PCNA-positive hepatocytes. At the same time, the expression of liver p-JNK was higher in the IPC group in the early phase after reperfusion than that of the I/R group and its expression was consistent with the PCNA. CONCLUSION IPC can initiate hepatocyte proliferation in the early phase after ischemia under hemi-hepatectomy, and may be associated with p-JNK expression and triggered by TNF-alpha/IL-6 signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Jin
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Fu H, Chen H, Wang C, Xu H, Liu F, Guo M, Wang Q, Shi X. Flurbiprofen, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, protects mice from hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting GSK-3β signaling and mitochondrial permeability transition. Mol Med 2012; 18:1128-35. [PMID: 22714712 PMCID: PMC3474435 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Flurbiprofen acts as a nonselective inhibitor for cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), but its impact on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unclear. Mice were randomized into sham, I/R and flurbiprofen (Flurb) groups. The hepatic artery and portal vein to the left and median liver lobes were occluded for 90 min and unclamped for reperfusion to establish a model of segmental (70%) warm hepatic ischemia. Pretreatment of animals with flurbiprofen prior to I/R insult significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and prevented hepatocytes from I/R-induced apoptosis/necrosis. Moreover, flurbiprofen dramatically inhibited mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore opening, and thus prevented mitochondrial-related cell death and apoptosis. Mechanistic studies revealed that flurbiprofen markedly inhibited glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β activity and increased phosphorylation of GSK-3β at Ser9, which, consequently, could modulate the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT)-cyclophilin D (CyP-D) complex and the susceptibility to MPT induction. Therefore, administration of flurbiprofen prior to hepatic I/R ameliorates mitochondrial and hepatocellular damage through inhibition of MPT and inactivation of GSK-3β, and provides experimental evidence for clinical use of flurbiprofen to protect liver function in surgical settings in addition to its conventional use for pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Fu
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengcai Wang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haitao Xu
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- and National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Department of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Guo
- and National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Department of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanxing Wang
- and National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Department of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyin Shi
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Lim SY, Hsiao ST, Lokmic Z, Sivakumaran P, Dusting GJ, Dilley RJ. Ischemic preconditioning promotes intrinsic vascularization and enhances survival of implanted cells in an in vivo tissue engineering model. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:2210-9. [PMID: 22651554 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a potent and effective means of protecting cells against ischemic injury. The protection has been demonstrated to involve release of paracrine factors that promote cell survival and angiogenesis, factors important for successful tissue engineering. The aim of the present study was to determine whether IPC of a vascular bed in vivo is an effective strategy to prepare it for tissue engineering with implanted cells. To test this hypothesis, an in vivo vascularized tissue engineering approach was employed, whereby polyacrylic chambers were placed around the femoral vessels of adult Sprague-Dawley rats. IPC was induced by 3 cycles of 5 min femoral artery occlusion interspersed with 5-min periods of reperfusion. Rats subjected to IPC generated bigger tissue constructs at 7 and 28 days postimplantation of empty chambers (∼50% increase in weight and volume, p<0.05). Morphometric counting of Masson trichrome stained tissue sections revealed significantly greater tissue construct volumes in ischemic preconditioned vascular beds at 7 and 28 days, increasing both fibrin matrix and vascularized tissue. Furthermore, morphometry of lectin-labeled blood vessels indicated an increase in vascular volume in IPC tissue constructs (∼100% increase vs. control, p<0.05). To investigate the cytoprotective effect of IPC, we implanted DiI-labeled neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in the chambers for 3 days, and IPC significantly reduced apoptosis of implanted cells as determined by the TUNEL assay and cleaved caspase-3 immunostaining. Furthermore, IPC significantly increased the cardiac muscle volume and vascular volume at 28 days after implantation of cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, in vivo IPC promotes survival of implanted cardiomyocytes and is associated with enhanced angiogenesis. IPC may represent a new approach to optimize tissue engineering with implanted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiang Y Lim
- O'Brien Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular occlusion to prevent haemorrhage during liver resection causes ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Insights into the mechanisms of IR injury gathered from experimental models have contributed to the development of therapeutic approaches, some of which have already been tested in randomized clinical trials. METHODS The review was based on a PubMed search using the terms 'ischemia AND hepatectomy', 'ischemia AND liver', 'hepatectomy AND drug treatment', 'liver AND intermittent clamping' and 'liver AND ischemic preconditioning'; only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. RESULTS Twelve RCTs reported on ischaemic preconditioning and intermittent clamping. Both strategies seem to confer protection and allow extension of ischaemia time. Fourteen RCTs evaluating pharmacological interventions, including antioxidants, anti-inflammatory drugs, vasodilators, pharmacological preconditioning and glucose infusion, were identified. CONCLUSION Several strategies to prevent hepatic IR have been developed, but few have been incorporated into clinical practice. Although some pharmacological strategies showed promising results with improved clinical outcome there is not sufficient evidence to recommend them.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bahde
- Surgical Research, Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Muenster University Hospital, Waldeyer Strasse 1, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
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Wu LX, Zeng Z. Preconditioning against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury: recent advances. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:3426-3430. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i33.3426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) is a major clinical problem that impedes the development of liver surgery. Recently, intensive research has improved our understanding of the mechanisms involved in I/R liver injury. Here, we will briefly review the most promising preconditioning approaches against I/R injury and discuss the mechanisms involved in their therapeutic effects.
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Protective effect of liver ischemic preconditioning on rat hepatocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 52:836-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-009-0113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ischemic preconditioning that consists of a short period of hepatic inflow occlusion followed by reperfusion has the potential to increase tolerance to a subsequent prolonged ischemic insult. This review outlines current insight into ischemic preconditioning for hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury in experimental and clinical settings. RECENT FINDINGS Experimental evidence suggests that interleukin-6 signaling and increased phosphorylation of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-3) are involved in the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning. The benefit of ischemic preconditioning is restricted, however, by old liver and prolonged ischemic time (>60 min). To overcome this, ascorbic acid or glucose administration combined with ischemic preconditioning potentially can maintain the integrity of hepatic mitochondrial function through signal transduction pathways. The influence of ischemic preconditioning on hepatic regeneration varies with partial hepatectomy or small-for-size liver graft models, and remains controversial. Clinically, ischemic preconditioning in deceased donors protects against ischemia and reperfusion injury, as demonstrated by lowered liver enzyme levels, reduced incidence of primary nonfunction, and increased hepatic hypoxia-induced factor-1alpha concentrations. SUMMARY Enhanced understanding of the mechanisms of organ tolerance induced by ischemic preconditioning would strengthen the significance of this potential therapeutic strategy in liver transplantation.
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Yang C, Ren Y, Liu F, Cai W, Zhang N, Nagel DJ, Yin G. Ischemic preconditioning suppresses apoptosis of rabbit spinal neurocytes by inhibiting ASK1–14-3-3 dissociation. Neurosci Lett 2008; 441:267-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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