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Utilization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance Programs in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 57:198-203. [PMID: 34999648 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with cirrhosis are advised to undergo hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance every 6 months. Routine surveillance is associated with early tumor detection and improved survival. However, surveillance is underutilized. We aimed to characterize the uptake of HCC surveillance in cirrhotic patients following the implementation of interventional programs. We performed a comprehensive literature search of major databases (from inception to October 2020). Surveillance was defined as having an abdominal sonogram every 6 months. Nine studies were included for meta-analysis which involved 4550 patients. The etiology of liver cirrhosis was largely due to hepatitis C or B (n=2023), followed by alcohol (n=857), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (n=432). Patients enrolled in surveillance programs were 6 times more likely to undergo abdominal sonography when compared with standard of care (odds ratio=6.00; 95% confidence interval: 3.35-10.77). On subgroup analysis, clinical reminders were associated with a 4 times higher rate of HCC surveillance compared with standard of care (odds ratio=3.80; 95% confidence interval: 2.25-6.39). Interventional programs significantly improve the rate of HCC surveillance. This is clinically impactful and should be considered as a means for improving surveillance rates.
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2
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Jang E. Hyperoside as a Potential Natural Product Targeting Oxidative Stress in Liver Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081437. [PMID: 35892639 PMCID: PMC9331122 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperoside (Hyp), also known as quercetin-3-O-galactoside or 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl, is a well-known flavonol glycoside that is abundant in various fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants. Hyp has been suggested to exhibit a wide range of biological actions, including cardiovascular, renal, neuroprotective, antifungal, antifibrotic, and anticancer effects. Accumulating evidence supports the pharmacological activities of Hyp in improving liver pathophysiology. Hence, the present literature review aims to summarize preclinical data suggesting the beneficial effects and underlying mechanisms of Hyp. In addition, our study focuses on hepatic antioxidant defense signaling to assess the underlying mechanisms of the biological actions of Hyp that are closely associated with liver diseases. Experimental findings from an up-to-date search showed that Hyp possesses hepatoprotective, antiviral, antisteatotic, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and anticancer activities in cellular and animal models related to liver dysfunction by enhancing antioxidant responses. In particular, hepatocellular antioxidant defense via activation of erythroid-related nuclear factor 2 by Hyp chiefly explains how this compound acts as a therapeutic agent in liver diseases. Thus, this review emphasizes the therapeutic potential of Hyp as a strong antioxidative substance that plays a crucial role in the regulation of various liver disorders during their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eungyeong Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; or
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, 23, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
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3
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Cao LL, Peng M, Xie X, Chen GQ, Huang SY, Wang JY, Jiang F, Cui XW, Dietrich CF. Artificial intelligence in liver ultrasound. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3398-3409. [PMID: 36158262 PMCID: PMC9346461 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i27.3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is playing an increasingly important role in medicine, especially in the field of medical imaging. It can be used to diagnose diseases and predict certain statuses and possible events that may happen. Recently, more and more studies have confirmed the value of AI based on ultrasound in the evaluation of diffuse liver diseases and focal liver lesions. It can assess the severity of liver fibrosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver, differentially diagnose benign and malignant liver lesions, distinguish primary from secondary liver cancers, predict the curative effect of liver cancer treatment and recurrence after treatment, and predict microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. The findings from these studies have great clinical application potential in the near future. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively introduce the current status and future perspectives of AI in liver ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Liu Cao
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Mei Peng
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Gong-Quan Chen
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shu-Yan Huang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First People's Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua 418000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jia-Yu Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xin-Wu Cui
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Christoph F Dietrich
- Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Bern 3626, Switzerland
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Elzehery R, Effat N, El Farahaty R, Elsayed Farag R, Abo-Hashem EM, Elhelaly R. Circulating Cell-Free DNA and DNA Integrity as Molecular Diagnostic Tools in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 2022; 158:254-262. [PMID: 35403666 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed the ability to use circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and the DNA integrity index (DNAII) to detect the transition from liver cirrhosis (LC) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Circulating cfDNA and DNAII were measured in 50 patients with advanced LC and 50 patients with HCC who were followed for 1 month after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Fifty healthy participants served as a control group. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure circulating cfDNA concentration, and Alu-PCR was used to measure the concentration of Alu repeats, both short fragments (115 base pairs [bp]) and long fragments (247 bp). We compared liquid biopsy results with the relevant traditional markers. RESULTS The HCC group showed significantly higher circulating cfDNA concentrations and DNAII values compared with the LC and control groups. No significant differences were found in circulating cfDNA concentrations and DNAII values between the LC and control groups. Circulating cfDNA concentrations decreased significantly after treatment (TACE); areas under the curve of circulating cfDNA concentration and DNAII values were significantly better than those of ɑ-fetoprotein and vascular endothelial growth factor in discriminating between LC and HCC. CONCLUSIONS The combined use of DNAII with proteins induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist showed better diagnostic performance in HCC. Circulating cfDNA could have a potential role in monitoring HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narmin Effat
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Raghda Elsayed Farag
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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5
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Beumer BR, Takagi K, Vervoort B, Buettner S, Umeda Y, Yagi T, Fujiwara T, Steyerberg EW, IJzermans JNM. Prediction of Early Recurrence After Surgery for Liver Tumor (ERASL): An International Validation of the ERASL Risk Models. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:8211-8220. [PMID: 34235600 PMCID: PMC8591001 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the performance of the pre- and postoperative early recurrence after surgery for liver tumor (ERASL) models at external validation. Prediction of early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after resection is important for individualized surgical management. Recently, the preoperative (ERASL-pre) and postoperative (ERASL-post) risk models were proposed based on patients from Hong Kong. These models showed good performance although they have not been validated to date by an independent research group. Methods This international cohort study included 279 patients from the Netherlands and 392 patients from Japan. The patients underwent first-time resection and showed a diagnosis of HCC on pathology. Performance was assessed according to discrimination (concordance [C] statistic) and calibration (correspondence between observed and predicted risk) with recalibration in a Weibull model. Results The discriminatory power of both models was lower in the Netherlands than in Japan (C statistic, 0.57 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.52–0.62] vs 0.69 [95% CI 0.65–0.73] for the ERASL-pre model and 0.62 [95% CI 0.57–0.67] vs 0.70 [95% CI 0.66–0.74] for the ERASL-post model), whereas their prognostic profiles were similar. The predictions of the ERASL models were systematically too optimistic for both cohorts. Recalibrated ERASL models improved local applicability for both cohorts. Conclusions The discrimination of ERASL models was poorer for the Western patients than for the Japanese patients, who showed good performance. Recalibration of the models was performed, which improved the accuracy of predictions. However, in general, a model that explains the East–West difference or one tailored to Western patients still needs to be developed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1245/s10434-021-10235-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berend R Beumer
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute Department of Surgery, Division of HPB & Transplant Surgery, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kosei Takagi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Bastiaan Vervoort
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute Department of Surgery, Division of HPB & Transplant Surgery, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Buettner
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute Department of Surgery, Division of HPB & Transplant Surgery, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yuzo Umeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takahito Yagi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ewout W Steyerberg
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N M IJzermans
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute Department of Surgery, Division of HPB & Transplant Surgery, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Xia R, Tang H, Shen J, Xu S, Liang Y, Zhang Y, Gong X, Min Y, Zhang D, Tao C, Wang S, Zhang Y, Yang J, Wang C. Prognostic value of a novel glycolysis-related gene expression signature for gastrointestinal cancer in the Asian population. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:154. [PMID: 33663535 PMCID: PMC7934443 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors. However, studies have not established glycolysis-related gene signatures that can be used to construct accurate prognostic models for GI cancers in the Asian population. Herein, we aimed at establishing a novel glycolysis-related gene expression signature to predict the prognosis of GI cancers. METHODS First, we evaluated the mRNA expression profiles and the corresponding clinical data of 296 Asian GI cancer patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (TCGA-LIHC, TCGA-STAD, TCGA-ESCA, TCGA-PAAD, TCGA-COAD, TCGA-CHOL and TCGA-READ). Differentially expressed mRNAs between GI tumors and normal tissues were investigated. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify glycolysis-related genes. Then, univariate, LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to establish a key prognostic glycolysis-related gene expression signature. The Kaplan-Meier and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the efficiency and accuracy of survival prediction. Finally, a risk score to predict the prognosis of GI cancers was calculated and validated using the TCGA data sets. Furthermore, this risk score was verified in two Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets (GSE116174 and GSE84433) and in 28 pairs of tissue samples. RESULTS Prognosis-related genes (NUP85, HAX1, GNPDA1, HDLBP and GPD1) among the differentially expressed glycolysis-related genes were screened and identified. The five-gene expression signature was used to assign patients into high- and low-risk groups (p < 0.05) and it showed a satisfactory prognostic value for overall survival (OS, p = 6.383 × 10-6). The ROC curve analysis revealed that this model has a high sensitivity and specificity (0.757 at 5 years). Besides, stratification analysis showed that the prognostic value of the five-gene signature was independent of other clinical characteristics, and it could markedly discriminate between GI tumor tissues and normal tissues. Finally, the expression levels of the five prognosis-related genes in the clinical tissue samples were consistent with the results from the TCGA data sets. CONCLUSIONS Based on the five glycolysis-related genes (NUP85, HAX1, GNPDA1, HDLBP and GPD1), and in combination with clinical characteristics, this model can independently predict the OS of GI cancers in Asian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xia
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.,State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongling People's Hospital, 468 Bijiashan Road, Tongling, Anhui Province, 244000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiemiao Shen
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.,State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyu Xu
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.,State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Liang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.,State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Gong
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.,State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Min
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.,State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.,State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenzhe Tao
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.,State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoulin Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.,State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinyou Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Jiangsu College of Nursing, 9 Keji Road, Huai'an, 223005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Mishra G, Dev A, Paul E, Cheung W, Koukounaras J, Jhamb A, Marginson B, Lim BG, Simkin P, Borsaru A, Burnes J, Goodwin M, Ramachandra V, Spanger M, Lubel J, Gow P, Sood S, Thompson A, Ryan M, Nicoll A, Bell S, Majeed A, Kemp W, Roberts SK. Prognostic role of alpha-fetoprotein in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with repeat transarterial chemoembolisation. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:483. [PMID: 32471447 PMCID: PMC7257176 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeat transarterial chemoembolisation (rTACE) is often required for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to achieve disease control, however, current practice guidelines regarding treatment allocation vary significantly. This study aims to identify key factors associated with patient survival following rTACE to facilitate treatment allocation and prognostic discussion. METHOD Patients with HCC undergoing rTACE at six Australian tertiary centers from 2009 to 2014 were included. Variables encompassing clinical, tumour, treatment type and response factors were analysed against the primary outcome of overall survival. Univariate analysis and multivariate Cox regression modelling were used to identify factors pre- and post-TACE therapy significantly associated with survival. RESULTS Total of 292 consecutive patients underwent rTACE with mainly Child Pugh A cirrhosis (61%) and BCLC stage A (57%) disease. Median overall survival (OS) was 30 months (IQR 15.2-50.2) from initial TACE. On multivariate analysis greater tumour number (p = 0.02), higher serum bilirubin (p = 0.007) post initial TACE, and hepatic decompensation (p = 0.001) post second TACE were associated with reduced survival. Patients with serum AFP ≥ 200 ng/ml following initial TACE had lower survival (p = 0.001), compared to patients with serum AFP level that remained < 200 ng/ml post-initial TACE, with an overall survival of 19.4 months versus 34.7 months (p = 0.0001) respectively. CONCLUSION Serum AFP level following initial treatment in patients undergoing repeat TACE for HCC is a simple and useful clinical prognostic marker. Moreover, it has the potential to facilitate appropriate patient selection for rTACE particularly when used in conjunction with baseline tumour burden and severity of hepatic dysfunction post-initial TACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Mishra
- Gastroenterology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anouk Dev
- Gastroenterology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eldho Paul
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wa Cheung
- Radiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Ashu Jhamb
- Radiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ben Marginson
- Radiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Beng Ghee Lim
- Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Simkin
- Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adina Borsaru
- Radiology, Monash Health Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James Burnes
- Radiology, Monash Health Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | - John Lubel
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Paul Gow
- Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Siddharth Sood
- Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Marno Ryan
- Gastroenterology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amanda Nicoll
- Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sally Bell
- Gastroenterology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ammar Majeed
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - William Kemp
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Stuart K Roberts
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.
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8
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Yip TCF, Wong GLH, Wong VWS, Tse YK, Liang LY, Hui VWK, Lee HW, Lui GCY, Chan HLY. Reassessing the accuracy of PAGE-B-related scores to predict hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2020; 72:847-854. [PMID: 31857194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS PAGE-B and modified PAGE-B (mPAGE-B) scores were developed to predict the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients on nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy. However, how and when to use these risk scores in clinical practice is uncertain. METHODS Consecutive adult patients with chronic hepatitis B who had received entecavir or tenofovir for at least 6 months between January 2005 and June 2018 were identified from a territory-wide database in Hong Kong. The performance of PAGE-B and mPAGE-B scores for HCC prediction at 5 years was assessed by area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), and different cut-off values of these 2 scores were evaluated by survival analysis. RESULTS Of 32,150 identified patients with chronic hepatitis B, 20,868 (64.9%) were male. Their mean age was 53.0 ± 13.2 years. At a median (IQR) follow-up of 3.9 (1.8-5.0) years, 1,532 (4.8%) patients developed HCC. The AUROCs (95% CI) for the prediction of HCC at 5 years were 0.77 (0.76-0.78) and 0.80 (0.79-0.81), with PAGE-B and mPAGE-B scores, respectively (p <0.001). A total of 9,417 (29.3%) patients were classified as having a low HCC risk by either PAGE-B or mPAGE-B scores; their 5-year cumulative incidence of HCC was 0.6% (0.4%-0.8%). This classification achieved a negative predictive value of 99.5% (99.4%-99.7%) to exclude patients without HCC development at 5 years. The AUROCs for the prediction of HCC with PAGE-B and mPAGE-B scores were similar at baseline and after 2 years on treatment. CONCLUSIONS PAGE-B and mPAGE-B scores can be applied to identify patients on antiviral therapy who are at low risk of developing HCC. These patients could be exempted from HCC surveillance due to their very low HCC risk. LAY SUMMARY Risk scores have been developed to predict the likelihood of patients with chronic hepatitis B developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the role of 2 such scores, PAGE-B and modified PAGE-B, in predicting the risk of HCC in 32,150 nucleos(t)ide analogue-treated patients with chronic hepatitis B. These scores identified a group of patients at very low risk of developing HCC who could therefore be exempted from HCC surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Grace Lai-Hung Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yee-Kit Tse
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lilian Yan Liang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vicki Wing-Ki Hui
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Grace Chung-Yan Lui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Henry Lik-Yuen Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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9
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Yang Q, Wei J, Hao X, Kong D, Yu X, Jiang T, Xi J, Cai W, Luo Y, Jing X, Yang Y, Cheng Z, Wu J, Zhang H, Liao J, Zhou P, Song Y, Zhang Y, Han Z, Cheng W, Tang L, Liu F, Dou J, Zheng R, Yu J, Tian J, Liang P. Improving B-mode ultrasound diagnostic performance for focal liver lesions using deep learning: A multicentre study. EBioMedicine 2020; 56:102777. [PMID: 32485640 PMCID: PMC7262550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnosis performance of B-mode ultrasound (US) for focal liver lesions (FLLs) is relatively limited. We aimed to develop a deep convolutional neural network of US (DCNN-US) for aiding radiologists in classification of malignant from benign FLLs. Materials and methods This study was conducted in 13 hospitals and finally 2143 patients with 24,343 US images were enrolled. Patients who had non-cystic FLLs with pathological results were enrolled. The FLLs from 11 hospitals were randomly divided into training and internal validations (IV) cohorts with a 4:1 ratio for developing and evaluating DCNN-US. Diagnostic performance of the model was verified using external validation (EV) cohort from another two hospitals. The diagnosis value of DCNN-US was compared with that of contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance image (MRI) and 236 radiologists, respectively. Findings The AUC of ModelLBC for FLLs was 0.924 (95% CI: 0.889–0.959) in the EV cohort. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of ModelLBC were superior to 15-year skilled radiologists (86.5% vs 76.1%, p = 0.0084 and 85.5% vs 76.9%, p = 0.0051, respectively). Accuracy of ModelLBC was comparable to that of contrast enhanced CT (both 84.7%) but inferior to contrast enhanced MRI (87.9%) for lesions detected by US. Interpretation DCNN-US with high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing FLLs shows its potential to assist less-experienced radiologists in improving their performance and lowering their dependence on sectional imaging in liver cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jingwei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dexing Kong
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Tianan Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junqing Xi
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wenjia Cai
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yanchun Luo
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiang Jing
- Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yilin Yang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhigang Cheng
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jinyu Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin The First Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Ma'anshan People's Hospital, Ma'anshan, China
| | - Jintang Liao
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Central Theater Command General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyu Han
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Lina Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Fujian Cancer Hospital&Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospita, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fangyi Liu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jianping Dou
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Rongqin Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
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10
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Ganji Formulation for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Who Have Undergone Surgery: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9492034. [PMID: 31320916 PMCID: PMC6607716 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9492034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To ascertain the efficacy and safety of Ganji Formulation (GF) for patients with Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who had undergone surgery. Materials and Methods. A total of 262 HCC patients who had undergone liver resection, local ablation, or transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) were divided randomly into the treatment group and control group. The former was treated with GF and the later with placebo, both for 6 months. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Second endpoints were disease-free survival (DFS) or time to disease progression (TTP). Results. OS of the treatment group was significantly longer than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that, for patients who received TACE, the TTP was significantly longer in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). However, for patients who underwent liver resection or local ablation, there was no significant difference in DFS between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion. GF could improve postoperative cumulative survival and prolong the TTP. This clinical trial number is registered with ChiCTR-IOR-15007349.
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11
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He S, Fan X, Ma H, Xiaerfuhazi H, Rehato A, Feng J, Shi X, He F. Effect of prophylactic TACE on 5-year survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1824-1830. [PMID: 31423250 PMCID: PMC6614664 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to establish a prediction index (PI) model for the 5-year survival rate of patients with hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after radical resection, and to evaluate the effect of prophylactic transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). A total of 201 patients with hepatitis B-related HCC who had undergone radical hepatic resection at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Xinjiang, China) were enrolled, and the clinical, pathological and complete follow-up data were collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify which clinicopathological factors were considered significant risk factors and the PI model was established based on these factors. The receiver operating characteristic curve was generated, and the area under the curve (0.841) and the cut-off value for PI were calculated. A Kaplan-Meier plot was used for survival analysis and the log-rank test was used to determine differences in survival. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that there were seven independent factors that may have affected the 5-year survival of HCC patients: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), maximum size of tumor (MTS), tumor histological grade (HG), positive resection margin (PRM), microvascular invasion (MVI), the amount of tumor (AT), and antivirus therapy (AVT). A PI model on 5-year survival was established based on these factors, which was PI=0.32 × NLR + 0.39 × HG (high=1, medium=2, low=3) + 0.92 × PRM (yes=1, no=0) + 0.87 × MVI (yes=1, no=0) + 0.73 × AT (single=0, many=1) + 0.53 × MTS (≥5 cm=1, <5 cm=0)-0.87 × AVT (yes=1, no=0). PI was an independent predictor for survival, with a cut-off value of 2.75. For low-risk patients (PI <2.75), there was no significant difference in cumulative survival between TACE and non-TACE. For high-risk patients (PI >2.75), the cumulative survival rates showed significant differences among patients who had received ≥3 TACE procedues, patients who had received <3 TACE procedures, and patients who had not undergone TACE. The PI model predicts the 5-year survival rate of patients with hepatitis B-related HCC. For high-risk patients with a PI >2.75, if they had received ≥3 prophylactic TACE procedures, they demonstrated a more favorable outcome. For low-risk patients (PI <2.75) with 1 or 2 risk factors, TACE is recommended 1-2 times after surgery. TACE treatment is not required for low-risk patients without any risk fctors. These results may contribute to the decision-making process for whether prophylactic intervention is recommended after radical resection of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Hailin Ma
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Hali Xiaerfuhazi
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Aliya Rehato
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Xiujiang Shi
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Fangping He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
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12
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Pandey U, Subramanian S, Shaikh S, Gamre N, Kumar S, Dash A. Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Evaluation of 177Lu-Labeled Polyhydroxamic Acid Microparticles Toward Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2019; 34:306-315. [PMID: 31188652 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2018.2747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) represents an effective targeted therapeutic option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a cancer with high mortality and poor prognosis. The aim of this study was the preparation and preliminary biological evaluation of 177Lu-labeled polyhydroxamic acid (PHA) microparticles toward possible use in the therapy of HCC. Materials and Methods: PHA microparticles were synthesized starting from polyacrylamide. They were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), visual color test, and laser diffraction particle size analysis. Experimental variables such as reaction pH, amount of PHA microparticles, carrier Lu content, and incubation time were optimized for maximum uptake of 177Lu on PHA microparticles. Stability of 177Lu-PHA microparticles was tested in the presence of competing Fe(III) ions in solution. In vitro stability of 177Lu-PHA microparticles was evaluated in 0.05 M sodium phosphate solution (pH 7.5), saline, and serum. Bioevaluation studies were performed in normal Wistar rats by intrahepatic artery injection of the 177Lu-PHA microparticles. Results: Successful synthesis of PHA microparticles could be confirmed from the results of FT-IR analysis and visual color test. Laser diffraction-based particle size analysis confirmed median particle size to be 54 μm, suitable for TARE. Under the optimized conditions, >99% loading of 177Lu on PHA microparticles could be achieved. Even in the presence of high concentration of Fe(III) ions, 177Lu binding to PHA microparticles was stable. 177Lu-PHA microparticles exhibited excellent in vitro stability in sodium phosphate solution, saline, and serum up to 5 d at 37°C. In the bioevaluation studies performed in normal Wistar rats, 92.8% ± 3.1% of 177Lu-PHA microparticles were retained in the liver at 96 h postinjection without any significant leakage to other organs. Conclusion: This preliminary study demonstrates the potential of synthesized PHA microparticles as carriers of therapeutic radioisotopes such as 177Lu for treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Pandey
- 1 Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,2 Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Suresh Subramanian
- 1 Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,2 Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Samina Shaikh
- 2 Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,3 Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Naresh Gamre
- 1 Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjukta Kumar
- 2 Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,3 Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- 1 Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,2 Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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13
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Alpha-fetoprotein response following transarterial chemoembolization indicates improved survival for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. HPB (Oxford) 2019; 21:107-113. [PMID: 30017783 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2018.06.1800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the clinical value of the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) response following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Data on patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer B staging system were analyzed. An AFP response was defined as a decrease in AFP of more than 20% after a TACE session. The association between AFP response and treatment outcome regarding imaging response and overall survival (OS) was explored. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to identify independent risk factors for OS after TACE. RESULTS Of the enrolled 376 patients with elevated serum AFP >20 ng/mL, 214 (57%) with AFP responses were identified. AFP responders had improved median survival than non-responders (20 vs. 12 months, P = 0.002). AFP response was significantly correlated with imaging response (P < 0.001). The Cox proportional hazards model revealed that AFP response was an independent factor for OS (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.45-0.78; P < 0.001). In stratified analyses, an AFP response achieved improved survival in patients with tumor diameters ≤5 cm, diameters >5 cm, tumor number ≤3 and without underlying cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS The AFP response indicates enhanced survival after TACE in patients with intermediate-stage BCLC.
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14
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Senthilkumar N, Thangam R, Murugan P, Suresh V, Kurinjimalar C, Kavitha G, Sivasubramanian S, Rengasamy R. Hepato‐protective effects of R‐phycoerythrin‐rich protein extract ofPortieria hornemannii(Lyngbye) Silva against DEN‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramar Thangam
- King Institute of Preventive Medicine & Research Chennai India
- Central Leather Research Institute Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Chennai India
| | - Pitchai Murugan
- Department of Medicinal Botany Sri Sairam Siddha Medical College and Research Centre Chennai India
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany University of Madras Chennai India
| | | | - Chidambaram Kurinjimalar
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany University of Madras Chennai India
- Central Leather Research Institute Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Chennai India
| | - Ganapathy Kavitha
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany University of Madras Chennai India
- Centre for Ocean Research Sathyabama University Chennai India
| | | | - Ramasamy Rengasamy
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany University of Madras Chennai India
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15
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Yang C, Qin S. Apatinib targets both tumor and endothelial cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2018; 7:4570-4583. [PMID: 30109780 PMCID: PMC6144148 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide with poor prognosis and tends to be hypervascular. Aberrant expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor 2 (VEGFR‐2) has been implicated in the progression of HCC and represents a valid target for anticancer therapy. Apatinib, a small molecule inhibitor of VEGFR‐2 tyrosine kinase, shows strong antitumor activity in various tumors. This study is designed to evaluate the activity of apatinib on both human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and HCC cell lines (in vitro and in vivo), and also to investigate the characteristics and possible mechanisms underlying these effects by molecular biology methods. Following the results in our study, apatinib inhibited phosphorylation of VEGFR‐2 in HUVECs and blocked in vitro endothelial cell migration and tube formation. Concentration‐dependent antiproliferative effects of apatinib were also observed in all 6 HCC cell lines including SK‐Hep‐1, HepG2, Hep3B, Huh‐7, PLC/PRF/5, SMMC‐7721. Moreover, response to apatinib of HCC cell lines was significantly correlated with VEGFR‐2 expression level. Additionally, apatinib significantly inhibit VEGF‐triggered VEGFR‐2 phosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling molecules such as Akt and ERK1/2 in HCCs. Apatinib can also induce a cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and promote HCC apoptosis tested in vitro. In vivo data showed that apatinib can effectively inhibit tumor growth, decreased angiogenesis, as well as induced HCC apoptosis (in some tumors), and thus prolonged animal survival in a mouse xenograft model of human HCC. Our findings suggested that apatinib is a highly potent, oral active anti‐angiogenic, and anti‐HCC agent. The results from current study provide a clear biological rationale to evaluate apatinib as a new agent in HCC in clinical setting, especially for the VEGFR‐2 overexpression ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxu Yang
- Post-Doctoral Research Center in Nanjing General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, China.,Cancer Center of BaYi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shukui Qin
- Cancer Center of BaYi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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16
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Subramanian S, Vimalnath KV, Dash A. Preparation and preliminary in vivo evaluation of 166 Ho-labeled microspheres for possible use in radioembolic therapy of liver cancer. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:509-514. [PMID: 29462501 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or liver cancer is an increasingly prevalent and highly morbid disease with critical significance in the Asian and African subcontinents. Among the various therapies currently used in the clinic to combat the global menace of HCC, radioembolization with suitable therapeutic isotopes is an effective targeted approach. In the Indian context, the significant cost and logistical disadvantage of imported radioembolic formulations for HCC therapy make it essential to develop more feasible indigenous alternatives-using locally available radioisotopes and microspheric carriers-that can serve the nuclear medicine community. With this aim Ho-166 was produced with good specific activity (>13 GBq mg-1 ) and purity (>99%) by reactor irradiation. Various commercially available microspheres were labeled with this therapeutic radioisotope, characterized for yield and stability of the radiolabeling, and tested for their in vivo retention and stability in Wistar rat model by viable surgery. Under the optimized reaction conditions, 166 Ho-labeled microspheres were prepared with high yield (>94%-99%) and in vitro stability (>95%) in saline and serum. Retention studies in animal model showed that 166 Ho-labeled microspheres remained stable in vivo and showed excellent retention in the site of interest (~95% at 72-hour p.i.). The study indicates good potential and warrants further investigation for application of these indigenous radiolabeled microspheres for HCC therapy. The successful application of this technology in the clinic would lead to logistically advantageous and cost-effective indigenous alternatives to expensive imported therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Subramanian
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - K V Vimalnath
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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17
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Roberts-Thomson IC, Lung T. Cost-effective options for the prevention and management of gastrointestinal and liver disease in the Asia-Pacific region. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:121-127. [PMID: 28833619 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Asia-Pacific region contains more than half of the world's population and is markedly heterogeneous in relation to income levels and the provision of public and private health services. For low-income countries, the major health priorities are child and maternal health. In contrast, priorities for high-income countries include vascular disease, cancer, diabetes, dementia, and mental health disorders as well as chronic inflammatory disorders such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Cost-effectiveness analyses are methods for assessing the gains in health relative to the costs of different health interventions. Methods for measuring health outcomes include years of life saved (or lost), quality-adjusted life years, and disability-adjusted life years. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio measures the cost (usually in US dollars) per life year saved, quality-adjusted life year gained, or disability-adjusted life year averted of one intervention relative to another. In low-income countries, approximately 50% of infant deaths (< 5 years) are caused by gastroenteritis, the major pathogen being rotavirus infection. Rotavirus vaccines appear to be cost-effective but, thus far, have not been widely adopted. In contrast, infant vaccination for hepatitis B is promoted in most countries with a striking reduction in the prevalence of infection in vaccinated individuals. Cost-effectiveness analyses have also been applied to newer and more expensive drugs for hepatitis B and C and to government-sponsored programs for the early detection of hepatocellular, gastric, and colorectal cancer. Most of these studies reveal that newer drugs and surveillance programs for cancer are only marginally cost-effective in the setting of a high-income country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Lung
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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18
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Cao Y, Jiang Z, Wang S, Zhang H, Jiang Y, Lv L. Prediction of long-term survival rates in patients undergoing curative resection for solitary hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2574-2582. [PMID: 29434976 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study developed a novel laboratory-based algorithm to predict long-term survival rates in patients undergoing curative resection for solitary hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study included 426 patients with solitary HBV-related HCC who underwent surgery for primary tumors at a single center between 2003 and 2012. Demographic characteristics, laboratory analysis, clinical pathology and immunohistochemistry of topoisomerase II-a and Ki67 were analyzed. A simple prognostic risk calculator was developed using regression coefficients from multivariate models. A prognostic risk calculator incorporating tumor encapsulation, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, vascular invasion, α-fetoprotein level, Edmondson-Steiner classification, Topo II-α, prognostic nutritional index and Child-Pugh grade was constructed. The prognostic model demonstrated good discrimination with a C-index prior to adjustment of 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.78-0.84) and a bootstrap-corrected C-index of 0.81. Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that the probabilities of overall survival rates in the low-risk group were increased compared with those in the high-risk group. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve using the method were greater compared with those under the 7th Tumor-Node-Metastasis system and Cancer of the Liver Italian Program scoring system [0.83 vs. 0.62 and 0.77 (P<0.001), respectively]. The simple prognostic model of the present study accurately predicted survival rates in patients. Such a prognostic risk calculator for staging patients undergoing curative resection for solitary HBV-related HCC facilitates clinical surveillance and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou General Hospital (Dongfang Hospital), Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Zhelong Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou General Hospital (Dongfang Hospital), Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Shaohu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou General Hospital (Dongfang Hospital), Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfang Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou General Hospital (Dongfang Hospital), Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfang Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Lizhi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou General Hospital (Dongfang Hospital), Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
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19
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Anton N, Parlog A, Bou About G, Attia MF, Wattenhofer-Donzé M, Jacobs H, Goncalves I, Robinet E, Sorg T, Vandamme TF. Non-invasive quantitative imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma growth in mice by micro-CT using liver-targeted iodinated nano-emulsions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13935. [PMID: 29066853 PMCID: PMC5655328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the only cancer for which non-invasive diagnosis is recognized by international guidelines. Contrast agent free ultrasound imaging, computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging are techniques used for early detection and confirmation. Clinical evidence depicts that CT is 30% less precise as compared to MRI for detection of small tumors. In our work, we have reported some novel tools that can enhance the sensitivity and precision of CT applied to preclinical research (micro-CT). Our system, containing non-toxic nano-droplets loaded with iodine has high contrasting properties, liver and hepatocyte specificity and strong liver persistence. Micro-CT was performed on HCC model implanted in nude mice by intrahepatic injection. Contrast agent was administrated intravenously. This method allows an unprecedented high precision of detection, quantitative measurement of tumor volume and quantitative follow-up of the tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Anton
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, Strasbourg, France. .,CNRS UMR 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, équipe de Pharmacie Biogalénique, 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Alexandru Parlog
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ghina Bou About
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mohamed F Attia
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, équipe de Pharmacie Biogalénique, 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, Strasbourg, France.,National Research Center, P.O., 12622, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 203 Rhodes Annex, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Marie Wattenhofer-Donzé
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hugues Jacobs
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle Goncalves
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Robinet
- IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tania Sorg
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry F Vandamme
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, équipe de Pharmacie Biogalénique, 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, Strasbourg, France
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20
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Liu T, Yao M, Liu S, Wang L, Wang L, Hou J, Ma X, Jia J, Zhao J, Zhuang H, Lu F. Serum Golgi protein 73 is not a suitable diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16498-16506. [PMID: 28157705 PMCID: PMC5369980 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi protein 73 (GP73) has been suggested as a serum marker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, this has been challenged in recent years. In the present study, we found that the serum GP73 increased in HCC patients with cirrhosis but not in those without cirrhosis. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis demonstrated that serum GP73 had poor performance for differentiating HCC patients from cirrhosis patients. In addition, the immunohistochemistry revealed that aberrant expression of GP73 was primarily observed in cirrhotic and tumor liver tissues from both cirrhosis and HCC patients, but rarely in non-cirrhotic liver tissues from HCC patients without cirrhosis. Moreover, serum Alpha-fetoprotein in HCC patients with cirrhosis decreased sharply after resection of tumor tissue, while the serum GP73 remained stable. These data indicated that the background of cirrhosis was related to the elevation of serum GP73 in HCC patients. In conclusion, serum GP73 is not a suitable diagnostic marker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China.,Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis & National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Mingjie Yao
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Shuhong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Leijie Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jinlin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis & National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jingmin Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhuang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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21
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Mohsen W, Rodov M, Prakoso E, Charlton B, Bowen DG, Koorey DJ, Shackel NA, McCaughan GW, Strasser SI. Patients with non-viral liver disease have a greater tumor burden and less curative treatment options when diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:2763-2770. [PMID: 28487614 PMCID: PMC5403756 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i15.2763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the impact of underlying liver disease etiology on the presenting features and outcomes in a large cohort of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS A prospective database of all patients with HCC was established from 1998 to March 2012. One thousand and seventy-eight patients were categorized into three groups, based on the etiology of their liver disease: hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and non-viral liver disease (NVLD). Overall survival was determined by Kaplan Meier analysis to time of death or last follow-up.
RESULTS HCC patients with HCV (85%) were more likely to be diagnosed as part of a surveillance program, compared to HBV or NVLD (both 71%) (P < 0.001). Patients with NVLD were more likely to receive best supportive care (29%) compared to those with HBV (21%) or HCV (20%) (P < 0.02). Twelve percent of NVLD and 13% of HBV patients underwent liver transplantation compared to 21% of HCV patients (P = 0.001). Median survival from presentation was lowest in NVLD (1.7 years) when compared to HBV (2.8 years) and HCV (2.6 years) (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of survival included Child Turcotte Pugh score, size of dominant lesion, absence of vascular invasion, and management with surgical resection or liver transplantation. Patient age and the etiology of the underlying liver disease were not independent predictors of survival
CONCLUSION Patients with NVLD and HCC were less likely to be enrolled in a HCC surveillance program and are less likely to have curative therapies such as liver resection and transplantation after diagnosis with HCC, when compared to patients with Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C.
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22
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Park SJ, Jang JY, Jeong SW, Cho YK, Lee SH, Kim SG, Cha SW, Kim YS, Cho YD, Kim HS, Kim BS, Park S, Bang HI. Usefulness of AFP, AFP-L3, and PIVKA-II, and their combinations in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e5811. [PMID: 28296720 PMCID: PMC5369875 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), Lens culinaris-agglutinin-reactive fraction of AFP (AFP-L3), and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) are widely used as tumor markers for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study compared the diagnostic values of AFP, AFP-L3, and PIVKA-II individually and in combination to find the best biomarker or biomarker panel.Seventy-nine patients with newly diagnosed HCC and 77 non-HCC control patients with liver cirrhosis were enrolled. AFP, AFP-L3, and PIVKA-II were measured in the same serum samples using microchip capillary electrophoresis and a liquid-phase binding assay on an automatic analyzer. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses were also applied to all combinations of the markers.When the 3 biomarkers were analyzed individually, AFP showed the largest area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) (0.751). For combinations of the biomarkers, the AUC was highest (0.765) for "PIVKA-II > 40 mAU/mL and AFP > 10 ng/mL." The combination of "PIVKA-II > 40 mAU/mL and AFP > 10 ng/mL and AFP-L3 > 10%" had worse sensitivity and lower AUC (P = 0.001). The highest AUC of a single biomarker was highest for AFP and of a combination was "PIVKA-II > 40 mAU/mL and AFP > 10 ng/mL," with this also being the case when the cut-off value of AFP and AFP-L3 was changed.Alpha-fetoprotein showed the best diagnostic performance as a single biomarker for HCC. The diagnostic value of AFP was improved by combining it with PIVKA-II, but adding AFP-L3 did not contribute to the ability to distinguish between HCC and non-HCC liver cirrhosis. These findings were not altered when the cut-off value of AFP and AFP-L3 was changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Joon Park
- Institute for Digestive Research, Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul
| | - Jae Young Jang
- Institute for Digestive Research, Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul
| | - Soung Won Jeong
- Institute for Digestive Research, Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul
| | - Young Kyu Cho
- Institute for Digestive Research, Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul
| | - Sae Hwan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan
| | - Sang Gyune Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon
| | - Sang-Woo Cha
- Institute for Digestive Research, Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul
| | - Young Seok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon
| | - Young Deok Cho
- Institute for Digestive Research, Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul
| | - Hong Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan
| | - Boo Sung Kim
- Institute for Digestive Research, Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul
| | | | - Hae In Bang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Yao M, Zhao J, Lu F. Alpha-fetoprotein still is a valuable diagnostic and prognosis predicting biomarker in hepatitis B virus infection-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3702-8. [PMID: 26784252 PMCID: PMC4826163 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in clinical practices has been challenged in recent years, due to the lack of specificity and sensitivity. Here we conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum AFP among hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with their pathogenic features taken into consideration. The cohort for this study comprised 318 cases of hepatitis and 731 cases of cirrhosis, as well as 796 HCC patients. Using 11.62ng/mL as a cut-off value, the positive rate of AFP test among serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive HCC patients was significantly higher than that in those HBsAg negative HCC patients (79.55% vs 56.49%, P < 0.000). Similarly, the median serum AFP level in HCC patients with serum HBsAg positive was significantly higher than that in those HBsAg negative HCC patients (423.89ng/ml vs 40.82ng/ml, P < 0.000). In addition, Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed that lower preoperative AFP level implicated a much higher overall survival rate. Of note, such prognosis predicting value was only seen in those chronic HBV infection-related HCC patients, but not among the HCC patients etiologically irrelevant to HBV infection. We believe that serum AFP is of diagnosis and prognostic predicting value for HCC with chronic HBV infection, and strongly suggest use of serum AFP as a biomarker in China and other HBV infection endemic area like Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jingmin Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Shi F, Tan Z, An H, Wang X, Xu Y, Wang S. Hepatocellular carcinoma ≤ 4 cm treated with radiofrequency ablation with or without percutaneous ethanol injection. Ann Hepatol 2016; 15:61-70. [PMID: 26626642 DOI: 10.5604/16652681.1184219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the survival of Chinese cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ≤ 4 cm who underwent radiofrequency ablation (RFA) alone or a combination of RFA with percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI). MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective analysis was performed for 681 cases with HCC ≤ 4 cm who were treated with RFA alone or RFA combined with PEI (RFA + PEI) between 2004 and 2011. RESULTS As a result, 180 patients in each group were selected after propensity score matching (PSM). Higher overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were achieved by RFA + PEI compared with RFA alone (P = 0.019 and 0.009, respectively). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year cumulative OS rates were 78.0, 44.4, and 30.1% for patients in RFA group and 88.2, 58.0, and 41.1% for patients in RFA + PEI group, respectively. Besides, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year cumulative RFS rates were 77.0, 43.8, and 29.2% in RFA group, and 87.9, 57.6, and 38.4% in RFA + PEI group, respectively. The local recurrence, complete ablation and five-year mortality showed no distinct differences between RFA and RFA + PEI groups in three subgroups classified with tumor size. Moreover, Cox regression multivariate analysis results showed that sex and treatment approach were significantly related to OS, whereas sex, status of HBsAg, local recurrence, and number of tumor nodule were related to RFS. CONCLUSION Therefore, the combination of RFA and PEI yielded better OS and RFS rates than RFA alone for Chinese patients with HCC ≤ 4 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyan Shi
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongqing An
- Department of Mathematics, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Operating Room, Tumor Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongyong Xu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Suzhen Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong, China
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25
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Does Pay-For-Performance Program Increase Providers Adherence to Guidelines for Managing Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Taiwan? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161002. [PMID: 27517172 PMCID: PMC4982614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many people are concerned about that the quality of preventive care for patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is suboptimal. Taiwan, a hyperendemic area of chronic HBV and HCV infection, implemented a nationwide pay-for-performance (P4P) program in 2010, which aimed to improve the preventive care provided to HBV and HCV patients by increasing physicians’ adherence to guidelines through financial incentives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the early effects of the P4P program on utilization of preventive services by HBV and HCV patients. Methods Using a quasi-experimental design with propensity score matching method, we matched the HBV and HCV patients enrolled in the P4P program with non-enrollees in 2010, resulting in 21,643 patients in each group. Generalized estimating equations was applied to examine the difference-in-difference effects of P4P program enrollment on the utilization of three guideline-recommended preventive services (regular outpatient follow-up visits, abdominal ultrasonography (US) examinations, and aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) tests by HBV and HCV patients. Results The P4P program enrollees were significantly more likely to attend twice-annual follow-up visits, to receive recommended US examinations and AST/ALT tests, than non-enrollees. Conclusions The results of our preliminary assessment indicate that financial incentives offered by the P4P program was associated with a modest improvement in adherence to guidelines for better chronic HBV and HBC management.
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26
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Li F, Li X, Miao Y, Shan C, Yuan F, Ma C, Wang Q, Chen J, Chen Y. UHPLC-MS-based metabolomics analysis on mice bearing neoplasm (H22) for hispidulin. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 125:310-8. [PMID: 27077962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although some physiological and pathological function parameters of hepatitis and liver cancer have been investigated in relation to hispidulin (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone), the changes of small metabolites in biofluids have been reported rarely. Recent research has shown that metabolic profiling with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS) coupled with multivariate statistical analysis provides a good understanding of hispidulin effects on mice vaccinated intraperitoneally with H22 tumor cells. Twenty-five potential biomarkers, up- or down-regulated (P<0.05 or 0.01), were identified, and 17 metabolic pathways were constructed. These potential biomarkers underpin the metabolic pathways, which are disturbed in the mice bearing neoplasm (H22). These pathways include pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis; glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism; steroid hormone biosynthesis; pyrimidine metabolism; and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. Furthermore, 4-phosphopantothenoylcysteine, glycine, niacinamide, cortisol, uracil and 5-thymidylic acid are potential biomarkers that may explain the link between hispidulin and the metabolism of mice bearing neoplasm (H22). Most of the potential biomarkers related to the function of TCA (tricarboxylic acid cycle). The rise of potential biomarkers in the drug groups promoted the up-regulation of TCA cycle compared with the model group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Li
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Yunjie Miao
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Chenxiao Shan
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Fei Yuan
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Chengyao Ma
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Qiwen Wang
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Yong Chen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Sangmala P, Chaikledkaew U, Tanwandee T, Pongchareonsuk P. Economic evaluation and budget impact analysis of the surveillance program for hepatocellular carcinoma in Thai chronic hepatitis B patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:8993-9004. [PMID: 25374242 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.20.8993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence rate and the treatment costs of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are high, especially in Thailand. Previous studies indicated that early detection by a surveillance program could help by down-staging. This study aimed to compare the costs and health outcomes associated with the introduction of a HCC surveillance program with no program and to estimate the budget impact if the HCC surveillance program were implemented. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cost utility analysis using a decision tree and Markov models was used to compare costs and outcomes during the lifetime period based on a societal perspective between alternative HCC surveillance strategies with no program. Costs included direct medical, direct non-medical, and indirect costs. Health outcomes were measured as life years (LYs), and quality adjusted life years (QALYs). The results were presented in terms of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in Thai THB per QALY gained. One- way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were applied to investigate parameter uncertainties. Budget impact analysis (BIA) was performed based on the governmental perspective. RESULTS Semi-annual ultrasonography (US) and semi-annual ultrasonography plus alpha-fetoprotein (US plus AFP) as the first screening for HCC surveillance would be cost-effective options at the willingness to pay (WTP) threshold of 160,000 THB per QALY gained compared with no surveillance program (ICER=118,796 and ICER=123,451 THB/QALY), respectively. The semi-annual US plus AFP yielded more net monetary benefit, but caused a substantially higher budget (237 to 502 million THB) than semi-annual US (81 to 201 million THB) during the next ten fiscal years. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that a semi-annual US program should be used as the first screening for HCC surveillance and included in the benefit package of Thai health insurance schemes for both chronic hepatitis B males and females aged between 40-50 years. In addition, policy makers considered the program could be feasible, but additional evidence is needed to support the whole prevention system before the implementation of a strategic plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannapa Sangmala
- Social and Administrative Pharmacy Excellence Research (SAPER) Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand E-mail :
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28
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Song P, Feng X, Inagaki Y, Song T, Zhang K, Wang Z, Zheng S, Ma K, Li Q, Kong D, Wu Q, Zhang T, Zhao X, Hasegawa K, Sugawara Y, Kokudo N, Tang W. Clinical utility of simultaneous measurement of alpha-fetoprotein and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin for diagnosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in China: A multi-center case-controlled study of 1,153 subjects. Biosci Trends 2015; 8:266-73. [PMID: 25382443 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2014.01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the clinical utility of simultaneous measurement of alphafetoprotein (AFP) and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis in Chinese patients predominantly caused by hepatitis B virus infection by a multi-center case-controlled study. Subjects were 1,153 individuals from three major hospitals in China, including 550 cases in HCC group, 164 in Malignant disease group, 182 in Benign disease group, 85 in Chronic liver disease group, and 173 in Normal group. Serum levels of AFP and DCP were measured and clinicopathological features were determined for all subjects. Results showed that the levels of DCP and AFP were significantly higher in HCC group (550 patients, 74.18% with HBV infection) than that in other four groups (P < 0.001). Receiver operating curves (ROC) indicated the optimal cut-off value was 86 mAU/mL for DCP with a sensitivity of 71.50% and specificity of 86.30%, and 21 ng/mL for AFP with a sensitivity of 68.00% and specificity of 93.20%. The area under ROC curve was 0.846 for DCP, 0.832 for AFP, and 0.890 for the combination of DCP and AFP. The combination of DCP and AFP resulted in a higher Youden index and a sensitivity of approximately 90%, even for small tumors. The simultaneous measurement of AFP and DCP could achieve a better sensitivity in diagnosing Chinese HCC patients, even for small tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Song
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
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Mustafa GM, Larry D, Petersen JR, Elferink CJ. Targeted proteomics for biomarker discovery and validation of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C infected patients. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:1312-1324. [PMID: 26052377 PMCID: PMC4450195 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i10.1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-related mortality is high because early detection modalities are hampered by inaccuracy, expense and inherent procedural risks. Thus there is an urgent need for minimally invasive, highly specific and sensitive biomarkers that enable early disease detection when therapeutic intervention remains practical. Successful therapeutic intervention is predicated on the ability to detect the cancer early. Similar unmet medical needs abound in most fields of medicine and require novel methodological approaches. Proteomic profiling of body fluids presents a sensitive diagnostic tool for early cancer detection. Here we describe such a strategy of comparative proteomics to identify potential serum-based biomarkers to distinguish high-risk chronic hepatitis C virus infected patients from HCC patients. In order to compensate for the extraordinary dynamic range in serum proteins, enrichment methods that compress the dynamic range without surrendering proteome complexity can help minimize the problems associated with many depletion methods. The enriched serum can be resolved using 2D-difference in-gel electrophoresis and the spots showing statistically significant changes selected for identification by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Subsequent quantitative verification and validation of these candidate biomarkers represent an obligatory and rate-limiting process that is greatly enabled by selected reaction monitoring (SRM). SRM is a tandem mass spectrometry method suitable for identification and quantitation of target peptides within complex mixtures independent on peptide-specific antibodies. Ultimately, multiplexed SRM and dynamic multiple reaction monitoring can be utilized for the simultaneous analysis of a biomarker panel derived from support vector machine learning approaches, which allows monitoring a specific disease state such as early HCC. Overall, this approach yields high probability biomarkers for clinical validation in large patient cohorts and represents a strategy extensible to many diseases.
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Blood gene signature for early hepatocellular carcinoma detection in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Clin Gastroenterol 2015; 49:150-7. [PMID: 25569223 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Up to 25% of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients eventually develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a disease with poor prognosis unless detected early. This study identifies a blood-based RNA biomarker panel for early HCC detection in CHB. MATERIALS AND METHODS A genome-wide RNA expression study was performed using RNA extracted from blood samples from Malaysian patients (matched HCC, CHB, controls). Genes differentiating HCC from controls were selected for further testing using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Finally, a 6-gene biomarker panel was identified and characterized using a training set (cohort I = 126), and tested against 2 test sets (cohort II = 222; cohort III = 174). The total number of samples used for each group is: HCC + CHB = 143, CHB = 211, control = 168. RESULTS Our gene panel displays a consistent trend distinguishing HCC from controls in our test sets, with an area under receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.9 in cohort III. Our independent test set (cohort III) showed that the gene panel had a sensitivity of 70% with a specificity of 92%. The biomarker profile for HCC was consistently detected in a small subgroup of CHB patients, thus potentially predicting early, preclinical cases of cancer that should be screened more intensively. CONCLUSION The biomarkers identified in this study can be used as the basis of a blood-based test for the detection of early HCC in CHB.
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Panda D. Role of surveillance in prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2014; 4:S43-9. [PMID: 25755610 PMCID: PMC4284238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2014.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common malignancy and one of the important public health problems in India. The surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an established approach to detect early cancers in patients with defined risks. However, there are still controversies and issues to be addressed regarding the optimal surveillance methods and interval. The current level of awareness among physicians in India about surveillance is low and the need and most cost effective surveillance strategy in developing country like ours is unclear. This article has tried to discuss these issues in their appropriate perspective. To address this complicated issue, a multicenter randomized prospective study however may be required.
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Key Words
- AFP, alpha-fetoprotein
- CI, confidence interval
- CLD, chronic liver disease
- DCP, des-γ-carboxy-prothrombin
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- NAFLD, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- QI, quality improvement
- RCT, randomized controlled trial
- TPCT, triple phase CT scan
- US, ultrasound
- USG, ultra sonogram
- USG, ultrasonography
- cost effective strategy
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- prevention
- surveillance
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Panda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D1 Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110014, India
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Kumar A, Acharya SK, Singh SP, Saraswat VA, Arora A, Duseja A, Goenka MK, Jain D, Kar P, Kumar M, Kumaran V, Mohandas KM, Panda D, Paul SB, Ramachandran J, Ramesh H, Rao PN, Shah SR, Sharma H, Thandassery RB. The Indian National Association for Study of the Liver (INASL) Consensus on Prevention, Diagnosis and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India: The Puri Recommendations. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2014; 4:S3-S26. [PMID: 25755608 PMCID: PMC4284289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major causes of morbidity, mortality and healthcare expenditure in patients with chronic liver disease. There are no consensus guidelines on diagnosis and management of HCC in India. The Indian National Association for Study of the Liver (INASL) set up a Task-Force on HCC in 2011, with a mandate to develop consensus guidelines for diagnosis and management of HCC, relevant to disease patterns and clinical practices in India. The Task-Force first identified various contentious issues on various aspects of HCC and these issues were allotted to individual members of the Task-Force who reviewed them in detail. The Task-Force used the Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine-Levels of Evidence of 2009 for developing an evidence-based approach. A 2-day round table discussion was held on 9th and 10th February, 2013 at Puri, Odisha, to discuss, debate, and finalize the consensus statements. The members of the Task-Force reviewed and discussed the existing literature at this meeting and formulated the INASL consensus statements for each of the issues. We present here the INASL consensus guidelines (The Puri Recommendations) on prevention, diagnosis and management of HCC in India.
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Key Words
- AFP, alpha-fetoprotein
- AIIMS, All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- ASMR, age standardized mortality rate
- BCLC, Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer
- CEUS, contrast enhanced ultrasound
- CT, computed tomography
- DCP, des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin
- DDLT, deceased donor liver transplantation
- DE, drug eluting
- FNAC, fine needle aspiration cytology
- GPC-3, glypican-3
- GS, glutamine synthase
- Gd-EOB-DTPA, gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid
- HBV, Hepatitis B virus
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV, Hepatitis C virus
- HSP-70, heat shock protein-70
- HVPG, hepatic venous pressure gradient
- ICG, indocyanine green
- ICMR, Indian Council of Medical Research
- INASL, Indian National Association for Study of the Liver
- LDLT, living donor liver transplantation
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- Mabs, monoclonal antibodies
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- OLT, orthotopic liver transplantation
- PAI, percutaneous acetic acid injection
- PEI, percutaneous ethanol injection
- PET, positron emission tomography
- PVT, portal vein thrombosis
- RECIST, Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors
- RFA
- RFA, radio frequency ablation
- SVR, sustained viral response
- TACE
- TACE, transarterial chemoembolization
- TART, trans-arterial radioisotope therapy
- UCSF, University of California San Francisco
- liver cancer
- targeted therapy
- transplant
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Subrat K. Acharya
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Road, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - Shivaram P. Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Vivek A. Saraswat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Arora
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mahesh K. Goenka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, 58, Canal Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 054, India
| | - Deepali Jain
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Premashish Kar
- Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinay Kumaran
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Kunisshery M. Mohandas
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, West Bengal 700156, India
| | - Dipanjan Panda
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi B. Paul
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jeyamani Ramachandran
- Department of Hepatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 004, India
| | - Hariharan Ramesh
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Lakeshore Hospital and Research Center, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Padaki N. Rao
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Somajiguda, Hyderabad, India
| | - Samir R. Shah
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Peddar Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 026, India
| | - Hanish Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Road, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - Ragesh B. Thandassery
- Department of Gastroenterology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, 58, Canal Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 054, India
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Bridges JFP, Joy SM, Blauvelt BM, Yan W, Marsteller JA. An international comparison of stakeholder motivation to implement liver cancer control. Health Policy Plan 2014; 30:645-55. [PMID: 24974105 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czu044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization offers clear guidance on the development of national cancer control programmes based on a country's level of resources, yet the motivation to implement such programmes may be driven by factors other than resources. OBJECTIVES To compare stakeholder motivation to implement a national liver cancer control programme and assess if variation in motivation was associated with stakeholder characteristics or with national indicators of need and resources. METHODS Relevant stakeholders were purposively selected from 13 countries (Australia, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Nigeria, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey and USA) to participate in a structured survey on liver cancer control. Respondents included 12 individuals working in clinical, 5 in policy and 3 in advocacy roles from each country. Stakeholders' motivation was measured using a scale grounded in expectancy theory and knowledge gained during previous qualitative interviews. Comparisons across countries and respondent characteristics were conducted using hierarchical regression. Country level motivation scores, holding constant individual level covariates, were correlated with indicators of need and resources and tested using Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULTS In total, 260 stakeholders, equally drawn from the study countries, completed the survey (45% response rate). At the national level, motivation was highest in Nigeria, Thailand and China (P < 0.001), and lowest in Italy (P < 0.001) and Germany (P = 0.003). Higher motivation was observed among stakeholders working at the international level relative to the local level (P = 0.017). Motivation was positively associated with a country's relative burden of liver cancer (P = 0.015) and negatively associated with their level of resources (P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first empirical evidence on the motivation of stakeholders to implement national cancer control programmes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that motivation is more clearly associated with a country's cancer control needs rather than resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F P Bridges
- Department of Health Policy and Management and Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA, Institute for Global Health, University of Massachusetts, Amhurst, MA 01003, USA and Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA and Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Susan M Joy
- Department of Health Policy and Management and Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA, Institute for Global Health, University of Massachusetts, Amhurst, MA 01003, USA and Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA and Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Barri M Blauvelt
- Department of Health Policy and Management and Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA, Institute for Global Health, University of Massachusetts, Amhurst, MA 01003, USA and Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA and Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Weili Yan
- Department of Health Policy and Management and Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA, Institute for Global Health, University of Massachusetts, Amhurst, MA 01003, USA and Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA and Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Jill A Marsteller
- Department of Health Policy and Management and Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA, Institute for Global Health, University of Massachusetts, Amhurst, MA 01003, USA and Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA and Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
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Song P, Feng X, Zhang K, Song T, Ma K, Kokudo N, Dong J, Tang W. Perspectives on using des-γ-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) as a serum biomarker: facilitating early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in China. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2014; 2:227-31. [PMID: 24570947 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2013.08.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in China. Evidence has shown that surgical resection and liver transplantation may offer the best potential for treating HCC but are only available to patients whose tumors are detected early. Over the past few decades, although a series of measures for standardized management of HCC has been implemented in China, most patients with HCC in China still present with advanced-stage disease, thus strategies to screen for and diagnose HCC at an earlier stage are urgently needed in China when curable interventions can be offered to achieve long-term disease-free survival for patients with HCC. In China, the serum biomarker α-fetoprotein (AFP) is considered a useful and feasible tool for HCC screening and early diagnosis. However, the sensitivity and specificity of AFP vary widely, and the total AFP is not always specific, especially when HCC is in its early stages. Globally, numerous studies have reported that the combination of des-γ-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) and AFP may have a higher sensitivity than AFP alone, and suggested DCP could also be used to assess the progression of HCC. However, DCP has not been approved in China until now. Differ from most of Western countries, people with HBV infection are the largest population at risk of developing HCC China. In order to assess the screening and diagnostic value of DCP in Chinese patients with HCC, a first large-scale, multi-center study was launched in China in 2012, results showed that DCP can help to detect HCC in its early stages and facilitate definitive treatment. The clinical use of DCP is urgently needed to facilitate early detection of HCC in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Song
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Xiaobin Feng
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Keming Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Tianqiang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Kuansheng Ma
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Jiahong Dong
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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35
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Zhang K, Song P, Gao J, Li G, Zhao X, Zhang S. Perspectives on a combined test of multi serum biomarkers in China: Towards screening for and diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma at an earlier stage. Drug Discov Ther 2014; 8:102-9. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2014.01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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36
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Combination of human leukocyte antigen and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genetic background influences the onset age of hepatocellular carcinoma in male patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:874514. [PMID: 24312130 PMCID: PMC3842051 DOI: 10.1155/2013/874514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genetic background could influence the onset age of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, one hundred and seventy-one males with HBV-related HCC were enrolled. The presence of 12 loci of KIR was detected individually. HLA-A, -B, and -C loci were genotyped with high resolution by a routine sequence-based typing method. The effect of each KIR locus, HLA ligand, and HLA-KIR combination was examined individually by Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis. Multivariate Cox hazard regression model was also applied. We identified C1C1-KIR2DS2/2DL2 as an independent risk factor for earlier onset age of HCC (median onset age was 44 for C1C1-KIR2DS2/2DL2 positive patients compared to 50 for negative patients, P = 0.04 for KM analysis; HR = 1.70, P = 0.004 for multivariate Cox model). We conclude that KIR and HLA genetic background can influence the onset age of HCC in male patients with HBV infection. This study may be useful to improve the current HCC surveillance program in HBV-infected patients. Our findings also suggest an important role of natural killer cells (or other KIR-expressing cells) in the progress of HBV-related HCC development.
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Clinical-guide risk prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma development in chronic hepatitis C patients after interferon-based therapy. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2481-8. [PMID: 24084770 PMCID: PMC3817320 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Interferon (IFN)-based therapies could eradicate hepatitis C (HCV) and reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, HCC could still happen after sustained virological response (SVR). We aimed to develop a simple scoring system to predict the risk of HCC development among HCV patients after antiviral therapies. Methods: From 1999 to 2009, 1879 patients with biopsy-proven HCV infection treated with IFN-based therapies were analyzed. Results: Multivariable analysis showed old age (adjusted HR (aHR)=1.73, 95% CI=1.13–2.65 for aged 60–69 and aHR=2.20, 95% CI=1.43–3.37 for aged ⩾70), Male gender (aHR=1.74, 95% CI=1.26–2.41), platelet count <150 × 109/l (HR=1.91, 95% CI=1.27–2.86), α-fetoprotein ⩾20 ng ml−1 (HR=2.23, 95% CI=1.58–3.14), high fibrotic stage (HR=3.32, 95% CI=2.10–5.22), HCV genotype 1b (HR=1.53, 95% CI=1.10–2.14), and non SVR (HR=2.40, 95% CI=1.70–3.38) were independent risk factors for HCC. Regression coefficients were used to build up a risk score and the accuracy was evaluated by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Three groups as low-, intermediate-, and high-risk are classified based on the risk scores. One hundred sixty patients (12.78%) in the derivation and 82 patients (13.08%) in the validation cohort developed HCC with AUC of 79.4%, sensitivity of 84.38%, and specificity of 60.66%. In the validation cohort, the 5-year HCC incidence was 1.81%, 12.92%, and 29.95% in low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, with hazard ratios 4.49 in intermediate- and 16.14 in high-risk group respectively. The risk reduction of HCC is greatest in patients with SVR, with a 5-year and 10-year risk reduction of 28.91% and 27.99% respectively. Conclusion: The risk scoring system is accurate in predicting HCC development for HCV patients after antiviral therapies.
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LI ZHIWEI, ZHANG CHUNHUI, LOU CHANGJIE, YAN FEIHU, MAO YINLING, HONG XUAN, ZHANG YANQIAO. Comparison of percutaneous cryosurgery and surgical resection for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:239-245. [PMID: 23946811 PMCID: PMC3742818 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare the outcome of percutaneous cryosurgery (PC) with surgical resection (SR) in the treatment of solitary, small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), by performing a retrospective cohort study on 82 patients with solitary HCCs who had received either PC (24 patients) or SR (58 patients). All patients underwent pretreatment blood chemistry tests and an imaging evaluation and were regularly followed up with blood and radiological tests following treatment at The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) and the secondary endpoints were those of recurrence-free survival (RFS) and adverse events. In the study, the one-, three- and five-year OS rates following surgery were 100, 75.00 and 66.67%, respectively, in the PC group, and 100, 77.59 and 70.69%, respectively, in the SR group. The corresponding RFS rates at one, three and five years after PC and SR were 83.33, 45.83 and 29.17%, respectively, in the PC group and 84.48, 48.28 and 32.76%, respectively, in the SR group. There were no significant differences between these two groups in terms of OS and RFS. There were also no significant differences between the two groups in terms of OS and RFS when comparing the patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) in the PC group (n=16) and the patients with LC (n=39) in the SR group. No significant factors were identified in the multivariate analysis of the risk factors contributing to OS and RFS. Although there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of the rate of serious adverse events (P=0.82), the incidence of serious adverse events in the SR group was noticeably higher compared with the PC group. Moreover, the duration of hospitalization in the SR group was significantly longer compared with the PC group (P<0.01). These results suggested that PC is as effective as SR in the treatment of solitary, small HCC, while being less invasive, with a shorter duration of hospitalization and a reduction in patient expenditure compared with SR. Thus, PC may be the first choice for the treatment of solitary, small HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZHIWEI LI
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081,
P.R. China
| | - CHUNHUI ZHANG
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081,
P.R. China
| | - CHANGJIE LOU
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081,
P.R. China
| | - FEIHU YAN
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081,
P.R. China
| | - YINLING MAO
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081,
P.R. China
| | - XUAN HONG
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081,
P.R. China
| | - YANQIAO ZHANG
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081,
P.R. China
- Cancer Detection and Prevention Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081,
P.R. China
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Song P, Gao J, Inagaki Y, Kokudo N, Hasegawa K, Sugawara Y, Tang W. Biomarkers: evaluation of screening for and early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan and china. Liver Cancer 2013; 2:31-9. [PMID: 24159594 PMCID: PMC3747538 DOI: 10.1159/000346220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the screening for and early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has attracted attention worldwide, and especially in Asian countries such as Japan and China. Such approaches can help detecting HCC at an earlier stage when curable interventions can be offered to achieve long-term disease-free survival for patients. Biomarkers have been used to screen for and diagnose HCC in various countries. In Japan, the combined tests of des-Γ-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) and α-fetoprotein (AFP) or Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of AFP (AFP-L3) have been shown to achieve a high level of sensitivity and specificity. These tests have routinely been used to screen for HCC and are covered by Japan's national health insurance. Due to the routine practice of screening for HCC among high-risk patients, HCC nodules have been detected in the early stages in more than 60% of patients in Japan. In contrast, although several remarkable advances in the management of HCC have been made in China over the past few decades, most HCC patients still present with advanced-stage disease. AFP is the only serum biomarker that has widely been used to screen for and diagnose HCC in China. In recent years, several molecular biological studies have further investigated the clinical usefulness of DCP, and they have found that it may facilitate the screening for and diagnosis of HCC and assist with the assessment of HCC progression. DCP can serve as a biomarker to detect HCC in an early stage and facilitate definitive treatment. The wide implementation of DCP is expected, especially in China where 55% of HCC cases worldwide live.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Tang
- *Dr. Wei Tang, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 (Japan), E-Mail
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Izumi N, Asahina Y, Kurosaki M, Yamada G, Kawai T, Kajiwara E, Okamura Y, Takeuchi T, Yokosuka O, Kariyama K, Toyoda J, Inao M, Tanaka E, Moriwaki H, Adachi H, Katsushima S, Kudo M, Takaguchi K, Hiasa Y, Chayama K, Yatsuhashi H, Oketani M, Kumada H. Inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma by PegIFNα-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis C: a nationwide multicenter cooperative study. J Gastroenterol 2013; 48:382-90. [PMID: 22875473 PMCID: PMC3618412 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-012-0641-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether the administration of maintenance doses of interferon prevented hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis C. METHODS Study 1: A multicenter, retrospective, cooperative study was carried out to determine whether long-term administration of low-dose peginterferon alpha-2a (PegIFNα-2a) prevented HCC development in patients with chronic hepatitis C. In total, 594 chronic hepatitis C patients without a history of HCC were enrolled and treated with 90 μg PegIFNα-2a administered weekly or bi-weekly for at least 1 year. Study 2: HCC developed in 16 of 99 additional patients without PegIFNα-2a treatment during 3.8 years of observation. A propensity-matched control study was then carried out to compare the incidence of HCC between the 59 patients who received low-dose PegIFNα-2a (PegIFNα-2a group) and 59 patients who did not receive PegIFNα-2a treatment (control group), matched for sex, age, platelet count, and total bilirubin levels. RESULTS Study 1: HCC developed in 49 patients. The risk of HCC was lower in patients with undetectable hepatitis C virus RNA, ≤40 IU/L alanine aminotransferase (ALT), or ≤10 ng/L alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) 24 weeks after the start of therapy. Study 2: The incidence of HCC was significantly lower in the PegIFNα-2a group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose and long-term maintenance administration of PegIFNα-2a decreased the incidence of HCC in patients with normalized ALT and AFP levels at 24 weeks compared with patients without normal ALT and AFP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namiki Izumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red-Cross Hospital, Musashino, Japan.
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Feng K, Yan J, Li X, Xia F, Ma K, Wang S, Bie P, Dong J. A randomized controlled trial of radiofrequency ablation and surgical resection in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2012; 57:794-802. [PMID: 22634125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 536] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with surgical resection (RES) in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS A total of 168 patients with small HCC with nodular diameters of less than 4 cm and up to two nodules were randomly divided into RES (n=84) and RFA groups (n=84). Outcomes were carefully monitored and evaluated during the 3-year follow-up period. RESULTS The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates for the RES and RFA groups were 96.0%, 87.6%, 74.8% and 93.1%, 83.1%, 67.2%, respectively. The corresponding recurrence-free survival rates for the two groups were 90.6%, 76.7%, 61.1% and 86.2%, 66.6%, 49.6%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in overall survival rate (p=0.342) or recurrence-free survival rate (p=0.122). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the independent risk factors associated with survival were multiple occurrences of tumors at different hepatic locations (relative risk of 2.696; 95% CI: 1.189-6.117; p=0.018) and preoperative indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min (ICG-15) (relative risk of 3.853; 95% CI: 1.647-9.015; p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS In patients with small hepatocellular carcinomas, percutaneous RFA may provide therapeutic effects similar to those of RES. However, percutaneous RFA is more likely to be incomplete for the treatment of small HCCs located at specific sites of the liver, and open or laparoscopic surgery may be the better choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Abstract
Based on recent clinical practice guidelines, imaging is largely replacing pathology as the preferred diagnostic method for determination of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A variety of imaging modalities, including ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine, and angiography, are currently used to examine patients with chronic liver disease and suspected HCC. Advancements in imaging techniques such as perfusion imaging, diffusion imaging, and elastography along with the development of new contrast media will further improve the ability to detect and characterize HCC. Early diagnosis of HCC is essential for prompt treatment, which may in turn improve prognosis. Considering the process of hepatocarcinogenesis, it is important to evaluate sequential changes via imaging which would help to differentiate HCC from premalignant or benign lesions. Recent innovations including multiphasic examinations, high-resolution imaging, and the increased functional capabilities available with contrast-enhanced US, multidetector row CT, and MRI have raised the standards for HCC diagnosis. Although hemodynamic features of nodules in the cirrhotic liver remain the main diagnostic criterion, newly developed cellspecific contrast agents have shown great possibilities for improved HCC diagnosis and may overcome the diagnostic dilemma associated with small or borderline hepatocellular lesions. In the 20th century paradigm of medical imaging, radiological diagnosis was based on morphological characteristics, but in the 21st century, a paradigm shift to include biomedical, physiological, functional, and genetic imaging is needed. A multidisciplinary team approach is necessary to foster an integrated approach to HCC imaging. By developing and combining new imaging modalities, all phases of HCC patient care, including screening, diagnosis, treatment, and therapy, can be dramatically improved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Byung Ihn Choi
- *Byung Ihn Choi, MD, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744 (Korea), Tel. +82 2 2072 2515, E-Mail
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently occurring malignancies and has a high mortality rate. The incidence of HCC differs greatly according to the geographic area. East and Southeast Asia, as well as middle and West Africas have the highest prevalence of HCC. The risk factors for developing HCC are well known and include cirrhosis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, alcohol consumption, smoking, diabetes, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Cirrhosis is the most significant risk factor, and there is a correlation between the degree of noninvasively measured liver fibrosis and the risk of HCC occurrence. HBV exerts carcinogenic effects by several mechanisms, including host genome integration, and studies have revealed that HBV replication predicts HCC development. HCV induces multistep carcinogenesis from inflammation, to fibrosis and liver cancer. HCC is an appropriate target for surveillance programs for early cancer detection. Currently, liver ultrasonography (US) combined with serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP, a biomarker of HCC) measurement every 6 months is the standard method of HCC surveillance. Although US is the most widely used tool, its sensitivity in detecting early HCC (i.e., within the Milan criteria) during surveillance is only 63%. AFP is the representative biomarker for both HCC surveillance and diagnosis; however, the unsatisfactory performance of AFP as a surveillance tool means that a novel biomarker or combination with other serum markers is required. Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin and AFP-L3 are candidate biomarkers that are complementary to AFP. The strategies of HCC surveillance vary in different countries according to the healthcare system, the resources available, and health insurance coverage. Many studies have shown that the rate of early cancer detection and rate of application of curative therapies were increased, as was the survival time, by HCC surveillance, which should now become a part of standard care, rather than just a recommendation. Improved US technology and the discovery of new biomarkers are necessary to make further progress in HCC surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kwang-Hyub Han
- *Kwang-Hyub Han, MD Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Liver Cirrhosis Clinical Research Center, Liver Cancer Early Diagnosis Clinic, Severance Hospital, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752 (Korea), Tel. +82 2 2228 1949, E-Mail
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Ge N, Zhang L, Xie X, Zhang J, Chen R, Wang Y, Zhang B, Xia J, Gan Y, Ren Z, Ye S. Prognostic significance of alpha-fetoprotein status in the outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma after treatment of transarterial chemoembolization. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 19:3540-6. [PMID: 22532305 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-012-2368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has been used as a diagnostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its prognostic significance is not well defined. This study was performed to classify the prognostic significance of AFP status in HCC patients after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). METHODS Four hundred forty-one HCC patients from a prospective maintained database with pathologic confirmation including 139 with normal AFP levels and 302 with elevated AFP levels were retrospectively studied for prognostic significance of AFP in treatment response and survival after TACE. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the prognostic factors. RESULTS There were significant differences in overall survival (OS) after TACE between AFP-negative and AFP-positive HCC patients when the AFP cutoff value was defined as 20 ng/ml (P < 0.0001). Among the AFP-positive patients, different AFP levels had no significantly prognostic effects on OS after TACE (P = 0.093). Multivariate analysis revealed that AFP status for AFP-negative or positive was an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients after TACE (P = 0.001), along with γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) level (P = 0.004) and tumor diameter (P < 0.0001). In addition, there were significant differences in clinicopathologic features between AFP-positive and AFP-negative patients with regard to age, gender, alanine transferase level, GGT level, tumor diameter, and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage. CONCLUSIONS Compared with AFP-positive HCC patients, patients with AFP-negative status have a better treatment response and prognosis after TACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Gish RG, Lencioni R, Di Bisceglie AM, Raoul JL, Mazzaferro V. Role of the multidisciplinary team in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 6:173-85. [PMID: 22375523 DOI: 10.1586/egh.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It has long been appreciated that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex disease. HCC is typically preceded by liver cirrhosis, which is itself caused by various types of hepatitis of both viral and nonviral etiologies. Thus, the treatment of patients with HCC requires multiple healthcare professionals, including hepatologists, medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, transplantation surgeons, diagnostic radiologists, pathologists, nurses, nurse practitioners and interventional radiologists. These specialists should meet regularly to review patients' progress, ensure that treatments are individualized for each patient and agree on next steps. We review case presentations provided by the authors to illustrate the benefits and advantages of the multidisciplinary team matrix in the management of patients with HCC, including the effects of this treatment technique on patient outcome, survival and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Gish
- Center for Hepatobiliary Disease, University of California, San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103-8413, USA.
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Ueno Y. The Current Endeavors to Understand the Pathogenesis of Intractable Liver Diseases. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2012; 226:171-5. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.226.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine
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Poustchi H, Farrell GC, Strasser SI, Lee AU, McCaughan GW, George J. Feasibility of conducting a randomized control trial for liver cancer screening: is a randomized controlled trial for liver cancer screening feasible or still needed? Hepatology 2011; 54:1998-2004. [PMID: 21800340 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is commonly practiced and recommended in published guidelines, but evidence for its efficacy has been controversial. We tested the feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of HCC surveillance in patients with cirrhosis and followed up those offered screening to detect clinical outcomes. Participation was offered to patients with cirrhosis attending liver clinics at three university hospitals. Following discussion, patients received a decision aid (DA) that outlined the risks and benefits of surveillance. The proposed screening program comprised ultrasonography 6-monthly and serum alpha-fetoprotein every 3 months. We envisaged five groups of patients: those who agreed to randomization, those choosing nonrandomized screening, those wanting continuation of usual care, those who were undecided, and those refusing participation. Among 205 patients, 204 (99.5%) declined randomization. Of these, 181 (88%) elected for a nonrandomized screening program, 10% chose usual care (which typically included ad hoc screening), and two were undecided. Among 176 patients fluent in English communication skills, 160 (91%) preferred nonrandomized screening compared with 22/29 (76%) patients needing an interpreter (P < 0.026). Of 173 patients in nonrandomized screening followed up for a mean 13.5 ± 6.04 months, three developed HCC, two died from nonliver-related causes, and one underwent liver transplantation for liver failure. Eighteen of 21 patients in "usual care" received ad hoc screening. A simultaneous survey on the quality of the DA showed that the majority of participants believed that the information provided was unbiased. CONCLUSION Although an RCT is theoretically ideal for determining the efficacy, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of HCC screening, informed patients prefer surveillance. A randomized study of HCC screening is not feasible when informed consent is imparted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Disease Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Sheikh MY, Mouanoutoua M, Walvick MD, Khang L, Singh J, Stoltz S, Mills PK. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among Hmong immigrants in the San Joaquin Valley. J Community Health 2011; 36:42-6. [PMID: 20532597 PMCID: PMC3020291 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-010-9283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B infection (HBV) is the major cause of primary liver cancer worldwide and Asians are disproportionately affected. The prevalence of HBV among most Asian American groups has been well documented, except in Hmong immigrants in the United States. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV among Hmong immigrants in the San Joaquin Valley of California. A convenient sample of 534 Hmong age ≥18 years was recruited at various locations throughout Fresno County. Blood samples from study participants were collected and tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by enzyme-immunoassay. Two hundred and eighty-nine females and 245 males of Hmong descent (mean age, 43.93) were screened. Eighty-nine (41 males and 48 females) were positive for HBsAg, which accounts for a prevalence of 16.7% (95% C.I. 13.5–19.9). The majorities of HBsAg positive patients were ≥40 years (64.2%), married (66.7%), born in Laos (87.3%), and had lived in the United States ≥20 years (62.5%). Only 37.5% of the participants reported having a primary care physician. Our study revealed that approximately one out of every six Hmong immigrants screened was infected with HBV. Based on our findings, more than one-third of these infected patients have no primary care physician to provide further treatment, surveillance for liver cancer, or vaccination of their families. This supports the Institute of Medicine’s recent recommendations to the Center for Disease Control to engage in a national Hepatitis B surveillance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Y Sheikh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Community Regional Medical Center, University of California San Francisco Fresno Medical Education Program, 2826 Fresno Street, Endoscopy Suite, 1st Floor, Fresno, CA 93701, USA.
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Kudo M, Han KH, Kokudo N, Cheng AL, Choi BI, Furuse J, Izumi N, Park JW, Poon RT, Sakamoto M. Liver Cancer Working Group report. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2010; 40 Suppl 1:i19-27. [PMID: 20870915 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyq123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly prevalent disease in many Asian countries, accounting for 75-80% of victims worldwide. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma varies enormously across Asia, but tends to follow the incidences of hepatitis B infection and liver cirrhosis. The incidence and etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan are different from the rest of Asia, but similar to that in Western countries because hepatitis C infection is the main etiological factor in Japan. Hepatitis B virus vaccination programs are showing great success in reducing hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Screening program improves detection of early hepatocellular carcinoma and has some positive impact on survival, but the majority of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in Asia still present with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Long-term outcomes following treatment of even early/intermediate or advanced disease are often unsatisfactory because of a lack of effective adjuvant and systemic therapies. Various clinical practice guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma have been established and are in use. Clinical diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma by imaging diagnosis is replacing diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma by pathological confirmation. New imaging and treatment techniques are continuously being developed and guidelines should be updated every 3 or 4 years, incorporating new evidence. New molecularly targeted therapies hold great promise. Sorafenib is the first systemic therapy to demonstrate prolonged survival vs. the placebo in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Various other new molecularly targeted agents are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, 377-2, Ohono-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan.
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Wong GLH, Wong VWS, Choi PCL, Chan AWH, Chan HLY. Development of a non-invasive algorithm with transient elastography (Fibroscan) and serum test formula for advanced liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 31:1095-103. [PMID: 20180785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04276.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive assessments of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B were well established. AIM To develop a combined algorithm of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and serum test formula to predict advanced liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. METHODS We reported an alanine aminotransferase (AST)-based LSM algorithm for liver fibrosis in 156 chronic hepatitis B patients, which formed the training cohort to evaluate the performance of APRI (AST-to-platelet-ratio-index), Forns index, FIB-4 and Fibroindex against liver histology. The best combined LSM-serum formula algorithm would be validated in another cohort of 82 chronic hepatitis B patients. RESULTS In the training cohort, LSM has the best performance of diagnosing advanced (> or =F3) fibrosis [area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85-0.91], while Forns index has the best performance among the various serum test formulae (AUROC 0.70, 95% CI 0.62-0.78). In the combined algorithm, low LSM or low Forns index could be used to exclude advanced fibrosis as both of them had high sensitivity (>90%). To confirm advanced fibrosis, agreement between high LSM and high Forns index could improve the specificity (from 99% to 100% and from 87% to 98% in the training and validation cohorts respectively). CONCLUSION A combined LSM-Forns algorithm can improve the accuracy to predict advanced liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L H Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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