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Hallene KL, Oby E, Lee BJ, Santaguida S, Bassanini S, Cipolla M, Marchi N, Hossain M, Battaglia G, Janigro D. Prenatal exposure to thalidomide, altered vasculogenesis, and CNS malformations. Neuroscience 2006; 142:267-83. [PMID: 16859833 PMCID: PMC3900293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2006] [Revised: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Malformations of cortical development (MCD) result from abnormal neuronal positioning during corticogenesis. MCD are believed to be the morphological and perhaps physiological bases of several neurological diseases, spanning from mental retardation to autism and epilepsy. In view of the fact that during development, an appropriate blood supply is necessary to drive organogenesis in other organs, we hypothesized that vasculogenesis plays an important role in brain development and that E15 exposure in rats to the angiogenesis inhibitor thalidomide would cause postnatal MCD. Our results demonstrate that thalidomide inhibits angiogenesis in vitro at concentrations that result in significant morphological alterations in cortical and hippocampal regions of rats prenatally exposed to this vasculotoxin. Abnormal neuronal development was associated with vascular malformations and a leaky blood-brain barrier. Protein extravasation and uptake of fluorescent albumin by neurons, but not glia, was commonly associated with abnormal cortical development. Neuronal hyperexcitability was also a hallmark of these abnormal cortical regions. Our results suggest that prenatal vasculogenesis is required to support normal neuronal migration and maturation. Altering this process leads to failure of normal cerebrovascular development and may have a profound implication for CNS maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. L. Hallene
- Department of Cerebrovascular Research, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - E. Oby
- Department of Cerebrovascular Research, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - B. J. Lee
- Department of Cerebrovascular Research, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - S. Santaguida
- Department of Cerebrovascular Research, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - S. Bassanini
- Department of Cerebrovascular Research, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Experimental Neurophysiology, Neurological Institute “C. Besta,” Milano, Italy
| | - M. Cipolla
- Department of Neurology, The University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - N. Marchi
- Department of Cerebrovascular Research, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M. Hossain
- Department of Cerebrovascular Research, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - G. Battaglia
- Department of Experimental Neurophysiology, Neurological Institute “C. Besta,” Milano, Italy
| | - D. Janigro
- Department of Cerebrovascular Research, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Correspondence to: D. Janigro, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, NB-20 LRI, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Tel: +1-216-445-0561; fax: +1-216-445-1466. (D. Janigro)
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