1
|
Benzi IMA, Fontana A, Di Pierro R, Parolin L, Ensink K. Unpacking the p-factor. Associations Between Maladaptive Personality Traits and General Psychopathology in Female and Male Adolescents. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:473-486. [PMID: 37938410 PMCID: PMC10896943 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01146-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of rapid physical, psychological, and neural maturation that makes youth vulnerable to emerging psychopathology, highlighting the need for improved identification of psychopathology risk indicators. Recently, a higher-order latent psychopathology factor (p-factor) was identified that explains latent liability for psychopathology beyond internalizing and externalizing difficulties. However, recent proposals suggest reconceptualizing the p-factor model in terms of impairments in personality encompassing difficulties in both self-regulation (borderline features) and self-esteem (narcissistic features), but this remains untested. To address this, this study examined the p-factor structure and the contribution of borderline and narcissistic features using two cross-sectional data collections. In Study 1, 974 cisgender adolescents (63% assigned females at birth; age range: 13-19; Mage = 16.68, SD = 1.40) reported on internalizing and externalizing problems (YSR) to test via structural equation models (SEM) different theoretical models for adolescent psychopathology. In Study 2, 725 cisgender adolescents (64.5% assigned females at birth; age range: 13-19; Mage = 16.22, SD = 1.32) reported internalizing and externalizing problems (YSR), borderline personality features (BPFSC-11), and narcissistic personality traits (PNI), to explore, via SEM, the contribution of borderline and narcissistic traits to the p-factor and accounting for gender differences. Results confirmed the utility of a bi-factor model in adolescence. Furthermore, findings highlighted the contribution of borderline features and narcissistic vulnerability to general psychopathology. The study provides the first evidence supporting a p-factor model reconceptualized in terms of personality impairments encompassing difficulties in self-regulation and self-esteem in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Maria Antonietta Benzi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta Adorno Antoniotto, 11, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Department of Human Science, LUMSA University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Parolin
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Karin Ensink
- Department of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oskolkova S. Schizophrenia: a Narrative Review of Etiological and Diagnostic Issues. CONSORTIUM PSYCHIATRICUM 2022; 3:19-34. [PMID: 39044913 PMCID: PMC11262116 DOI: 10.17816/cp132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the fact that schizophrenia has already been described historically and researched for a long time, this disorder remains unclear and controversial in many respects, including its etiology, pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis, and therapy. METHODS Literature from the selected sources (elibrary.ru, Russian Science Citation Index and the Russian branch of the Cochrane Library) were searched and analyzed using the diachronic method. Priority was given to reviews, guidelines, and original research on schizophrenia written during the past 10 years. RESULTS Historically, scientists have described schizophrenia as a single disorder, a group of disorders, or even as a combination of certain syndromes. The polymorphic symptoms and the most typical dynamics of various forms of schizophrenia have been systematized, but neither in Russia nor in other countries have the etiology and pathogenesis been proven. The reasons for the under- and overdiagnosis of schizophrenia cannot cover all possible objective and subjective difficulties arising in the diagnostic process. CONCLUSION The existing literature shows that the problem of schizophrenia may not be regarded as settled for a long time. This largely depends on the position of society, the development of biological sciences, and the pathomorphosis of the disorder itself. Many aspects of schizophrenia can become clearer and less controversial with systematic studies based on previous data, as well as data obtained using new research methods.
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Kahlbaum's seminal approach to symptom complexes, as opposed to disease entities, is still relevant. Many psychopathologists have approached mental symptom complexes without prejudging them as necessary physical deficits or diseases, favouring a broader dimensional and anthropological view of mental disorders. Discussions of symptom complexes gained prominence in psychiatry in the early twentieth century - through Hoche - and in the period leading up to World War II - through Carl Schneider. Their works, alongside those of Kraepelin, Bumke, Kehrer, Jaspers and others, are reviewed in relation to the theme of symptom complexes, the mind, and mental disorders. A particular feature of symptom complexes is their relationship to aspects of the normal mind and how this affects clinical manifestations. It is further suggested that symptom complexes might offer a useful bridge between the psychic and the biological in theories of the mind.
Collapse
|
4
|
Dogan T. Problem areas of students at a university psychological counselling centre: a 16-year analysis. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2018.1437255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Turkan Dogan
- Faculty of Education, Department of Counseling and Guidance, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Borovcanin MM, Jovanovic I, Radosavljevic G, Pantic J, Minic Janicijevic S, Arsenijevic N, Lukic ML. Interleukin-6 in Schizophrenia-Is There a Therapeutic Relevance? Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:221. [PMID: 29163240 PMCID: PMC5681495 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renewing interest in immune aspects of schizophrenia and new findings about the brain-fat axis encourage us to discuss the possible role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in schizophrenia. Previously, it was suggested that a primary alteration of the innate immune system may be relevant in schizophrenia. Functional dichotomy of IL-6 suggests that this chemical messenger may be responsible for regulating the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, with tissue-specific properties at the periphery and in the central nervous system. Specific phase of this chronic and deteriorating disorder must be considered, which can involve IL-6 in acute or possible chronic inflammation and/or autoimmunity. We give an overview of IL-6 role in the onset and progression of this disorder, also considering cognitive impairment and metabolic changes in patients with schizophrenia. Data suggest that decreased serum level of IL-6 following antipsychotic therapy could be predisposing factor for the development of obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders in schizophrenia. As we reviewed, the IL-6 plays significant role in disease genesis and progression, so the use of specific inhibitors may not only be beneficial for exacerbation and alleviation of positive symptoms, but may attenuate cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Gordana Radosavljevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Pantic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miodrag L. Lukic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926) was an influential figure in the history of psychiatry as a clinical science. This paper, after briefly presenting his biography, discusses the conceptual foundations of his concept of mental illness and follows this line of thought through to late 20th-century “Neo-Kraepelinianism,” including recent criticism, particularly of the nosological dichotomy of endogenous psychoses. Throughout his professional life, Kraepelin put emphasis on establishing psychiatry as a clinical science with a strong empirical background. He preferred pragmatic attitudes and arguments, thus underestimating the philosophical presuppositions of his work. As for nosology, his central hypothesis is the existence and scientific accessibility of “natural disease entities” (“natürliche Krankheitseinheiten”) in psychiatry. Notwithstanding contemporary criticism that he commented upon, this concept stayed at the very center of Kraepelin's thinking, and therefore profoundly shaped his clinical nosology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hoff
- Professor of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang L, Wang R, Chan RCK. Towards a dimensional model of depression: Evidence from Chinese samples. Psych J 2015; 3:231-3. [PMID: 26272114 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Richu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
DSM-5 reviewed from different angles: goal attainment, rationality, use of evidence, consequences—part 2: bipolar disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, trauma- and stressor-related disorders, personality disorders, substance-related and addictive disorders, neurocognitive disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 265:87-106. [PMID: 25155875 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-014-0521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Part 1 of this paper discussed several more general aspects of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and offered a detailed, paradigmatic analysis of changes made to the chapter on depressive disorders. This second part focusses on several other disorders, including bipolar and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The respective changes and their possible consequences are discussed under consideration of traditional psychiatric classification, particularly from the perspective of European traditions and on the basis of a PubMed search and review papers. The general conclusion is that even seemingly small changes such as the introduction of the mixed feature specifier can have far-reaching consequences. Contrary to the original plans, DSM-5 has not radically changed to become a primarily dimensional diagnostic system but has preserved the categorical system for most disorders. The ambivalence of the respective decision-making becomes apparent from the last minute decision to change the classification of personality disorders from dimensional back to categorical. The advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches are discussed in this context. In DSM-5, only the chapter on addictive disorders has a somewhat dimensional structure. Also in contrast to the original intentions, DSM-5 has not used a more neurobiological approach to disorders by including biological markers to increase the objectivity of psychiatric diagnoses. Even in the most advanced field in terms of biomarkers, the neurocognitive disorders, the primarily symptom-based, descriptive approach has been preserved and the well-known amyloid-related and other biomarkers are not included. This is because, even after so many years of biomarker research, the results are still not considered to be robust enough to use in clinical practice.
Collapse
|
9
|
Möller HJ, Bandelow B, Bauer M, Hampel H, Herpertz SC, Soyka M, Barnikol UB, Lista S, Severus E, Maier W. DSM-5 reviewed from different angles: goal attainment, rationality, use of evidence, consequences--part 1: general aspects and paradigmatic discussion of depressive disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 265:5-18. [PMID: 25119146 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-014-0520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DSM-5 was published in 2013 after about 10 years of preparation. Part 1 of this paper discusses several more general aspects of DSM-5 and offers a detailed, paradigmatic analysis of changes made to the chapter on depressive disorders. The background for the changes is analysed on the basis of a PubMed search and review papers on the classification of mental disorders in general and on empirical knowledge about individual disorders. Contrary to the original plans, DSM-5 has not introduced a primarily dimensional diagnostic system but has widely preserved the categorical system of disorders. Also, it has not adopted a more neurobiological approach to disorders by including biological markers to increase the objectivity of psychiatric diagnoses but has maintained the primarily symptom-based, descriptive approach. The criteria for some disorders have been changed, including affective, schizophrenic and addiction disorders, and a few new disorders have been added. A minimal version of the dimensional approach was realised through the introduction of several transnosological specifiers and the option to make symptom- or syndrome-related severity and dimensional assessments. These specifiers and assessments might allow a more individualised description of a patient's psychopathological state and more personalised treatment. However, most of the symptom- and syndrome-related assessments are not mandatory and therefore may not be used in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jürgen Möller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bornstein RF. From Surface to Depth: Toward a More Psychodynamically Informed DSM-6. PSYCHOANALYTIC INQUIRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/07351690.2015.987592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
11
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After 10 years of preparation, DSM-5 was published in 2013. This paper will examine the possible effects of DSM-5 on psychiatric diagnosis and psychopharmacotherapy. METHODS DSM-5 was compared with DSM-IV to identify the important changes in psychiatric diagnosis and possible consequences for psychopharmacotherapy. RESULTS Contrary to the original plans, DSM-5 did not make radical changes and move towards dimensional diagnosis but preserved the previous categorical system of disorders and a primarily symptom-based descriptive approach. The dimensional approach was only adopted through the introduction of several transnosological specifiers and the option to make symptom- or syndrome-related assessments. The criteria for some disorders were changed, including affective, dependence and schizophrenic disorders, and a few new disorders were added. CONCLUSION The DSM-IV diagnostic system was largely preserved, although some changes were made, primarily in the field of affective disorder and in several criteria sets. The new transnosological specifiers, severity assessments and cross-cutting dimensional assessments may help to individualise treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jürgen Möller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University , Munich , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Geurts HM, Ridderinkhof KR, Scholte HS. The relationship between grey-matter and ASD and ADHD traits in typical adults. J Autism Dev Disord 2013; 43:1630-41. [PMID: 23138728 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-012-1708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We tested whether in 85 healthy adults (18-29 years) there is a relationship between grey-matter (GM) volume and autism and ADHD symptom severity. The structural MRI findings and autism and ADHD self-reports revealed that autism and ADHD symptom severity was correlated with GM volume in the left inferior frontal gyrus. Autism symptom-severity was correlated with the left posterior cingulate, ADHD with the right parietal lobe, right temporal frontal cortex, bilateral thalamus, and left hippocampus/amygdala complex. Symptom severity of both disorders form a continuum extending into the general population, but it seems to be an oversimplification to typify psychiatric disorders such as autism and ADHD solely as extremes of brain structure abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilde M Geurts
- Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vieta E, Valentí M. Mixed states in DSM-5: implications for clinical care, education, and research. J Affect Disord 2013; 148:28-36. [PMID: 23561484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) nomenclature for the co-occurrence of manic and depressive symptoms (mixed states) has been revised in the new DSM-5 version to accommodate a mixed categorical-dimensional concept. The new classification will capture subthreshold non-overlapping symptoms of the opposite pole using a "with mixed features" specifier to be applied to manic episodes in bipolar disorder I (BD I), hypomanic, and major depressive episodes experienced in BD I, BD II, bipolar disorder not otherwise specified, and major depressive disorder. The revision will have a substantial impact in several fields: epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, research, education, and regulations. The new concept is data-driven and overcomes the problems derived from the extremely narrow definition in the DSM-IV-TR. However, it is unclear how clinicians will deal with the possibility of diagnosing major depression with mixed features and how this may impact the bipolar-unipolar dichotomy and diagnostic reliability. Clinical trials may also need to address treatment effects according to the presence or absence of mixed features. The medications that are effective in treating mixed episodes per the DSM-IV-TR definition may also be effective in treating mixed features per the DSM-5, but new studies are needed to demonstrate it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar Disorder Programme, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, C/Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jäger M, Frasch K, Becker T. [Syndromal versus nosological diagnosis]. DER NERVENARZT 2012; 84:1081-2, 1084-90. [PMID: 23247993 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-012-3675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Against the background of the current preparation of ICD-11 and DSM-5, there is a discussion whether syndromal approaches should replace the traditional nosological diagnosis in psychiatry. From a historical point of view the syndromal approach results from a reaction to the nosological model of Emil Kraepelin. Later the syndromal diagnostic approach became more important because it enabled a quantitative-dimensional assessment and analysis of psychopathological data using modern statistical procedures. However, attempts to ascribe the traditional nosological categories to psychopathological syndromes using multivariate statistical methods have failed. The syndromal approach allows a differentiated recording of the cross-sectional symptomatology; however, a plurality of different syndromes might be registered without considering meaningful principles of classification and longitudinal aspects. The syndromal approach should be complemented by a nosological classification based mainly on the psychopathological course due to the absence of consistent neurobiological findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Jäger
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie II, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Universität Ulm, Deutschland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hoff P. Eugen Bleuler's concept of schizophrenia and its relevance to present-day psychiatry. Neuropsychobiology 2012; 66:6-13. [PMID: 22797272 DOI: 10.1159/000337174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper links the historical perspective with the actual debate on the concept of schizophrenia. By this, two aims shall be accomplished. First, to prove that Eugen Bleuler's (1857-1939) concept of 'schizophrenia' in its central parts was a clear step forward, as compared to previous approaches, especially the notion of 'dementia praecox', proposed and favored by French authors like Bénédict Augustin Morel (1809-1873) and, in Germany, by Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926). Bleuler considerably reduced the epistemological presuppositions of Kraepelin's nosological model and coined the term 'group of schizophrenias', which was markedly broader and, as for prognosis, much less pessimistic. The second aim of this paper is to argue in favor of a continuous reflection upon psychiatry's historical and epistemological basis which is regarded not just as 'l'art pour l'art', but as an indispensable component of psychiatry, clinically and scientifically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hoff
- Psychiatric University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Zheng Y. Commentary: The new diagnosis and classification of child mental disorders--reflections on Rutter (2011). J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2011; 52:667-8; discussion 673-5. [PMID: 21434922 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02388.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Razzouk D, Nogueira B, Mari JDJ. A contribuição dos estudos transculturais dos países latino-americanos e caribenhos para a revisão da CID-10: resultados preliminares. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2011; 33 Suppl 1:S5-20. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462011000500003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Esta revisão visa identificar as evidências dos estudos de países da América Latina e do Caribe para a inclusão das síndromes transculturais na versão da Classificação Internacional de Doenças para sua 11ª Edição. MÉTODO: Os estudos foram identificados nas bases do Medline, LILACS e EMBASE, no período de 1992 a 2008, e classificados segundo o tipo de estudo, tipo de transtorno, país e número de publicações por ano. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionadas e classificadas 163 publicações: 33 no Medline, 90 no EMBASE e 40 no LILACS. A percentagem das síndromes transculturais ("culture bound-syndrome") correspondeu a 9% no Medline, 12% no EMBASE e 2,5% no LILACS. Dos 15 estudos sobre síndromes transculturais, dois eram sobre "nervios e ataque de nervios", dois sobre "susto", quatro sobre a relação entre crenças religiosas, "feitiçaria", transe e apresentação dos transtornos mentais, um sobre proposta de uma nova categoria diagnóstica, três artigos teóricos e três sobre psicopatoplastia dos transtornos mentais. CONCLUSÃO: A escassez de estudos sobre síndromes transculturais pode ter ocorrido pela dificuldade em rastrear os estudos por problema de indexação das publicações, falta de interesse em publicar tais estudos em periódicos indexados e a dificuldade de acesso às publicações. Dentre os estudos identificados, não há uma evidência clara que aponte quais modificações são necessárias nas classificações diagnósticas atuais.
Collapse
|
19
|
Bornstein RF. From Symptom to Process: How thePDMAlters Goals and Strategies in Psychological Assessment. J Pers Assess 2011; 93:142-50. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2011.542714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
20
|
The Munich 15-year follow-up study (MUFUSSAD) on first-hospitalized patients with schizophrenic or affective disorders: assessing courses, types and time stability of diagnostic classification. Eur Psychiatry 2011; 26:231-43. [PMID: 20621452 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the context of the development of DSM-V and ICD-11 it appears to be useful to get further data on the validity of the diagnostic differentiation between schizophrenic and affective disorders. This study investigated the relevance of the main diagnostic groups schizophrenia, schizoaffective psychosis and affective disorder in the context of different diagnostic systems (ICD-9, ICD-10, DSM -IV), assessing their time stability, long-term courses, types and functional outcome. METHODS A total of 323 first hospitalized inpatients of the Psychiatric Department of the University Munich were recruited at index time. The full follow-up evaluation including standardized assessment procedures could be performed in 197 patients. RESULTS The re-diagnosis of the patients' disorders shows that with the transition from ICD-9 to ICD-10 or DSM-IV, the group of affective disorders increased numerically while the diagnostic groups of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders decreased in size. The structured clinical interview for DSM-IV (SCID) analysis showed that altogether ICD-10 and DSM-IV had a relatively high diagnostic stability. Of the patients with an ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia, 57% had a chronic course; 61% of the patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia. Patients with affective disorders, according either to ICD-10 or DSM-IV, had in more than 90% of the cases an episodic-remitting course. In terms of prediction of long-term outcome regarding the differentiation between chronic and non-chronic course, the ICD-10 diagnoses did give a slightly better predictive result than a dimensional approach based on the key psychopathological syndrome scores. CONCLUSIONS The differentiation between schizophrenic and affective disorders seems meaningful especially under predictive aspects. A dimensional syndromatological description does not exceed the predictive power of the investigated main diagnostic categories, but might increase the clinically relevant information.
Collapse
|
21
|
ADHD related behaviors are associated with brain activation in the reward system. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:426-34. [PMID: 21163276 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
22
|
Current world literature. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2011; 24:78-87. [PMID: 21116133 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0b013e3283423055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
23
|
Möller HJ, Jäger M, Riedel M, Obermeier M, Strauss A, Bottlender R. The Munich 15-year follow-up study (MUFUSSAD) on first-hospitalized patients with schizophrenic or affective disorders: comparison of psychopathological and psychosocial course and outcome and prediction of chronicity. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2010; 260:367-84. [PMID: 20495979 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-010-0117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Given the limited explanatory power of the available neurobiological findings, results of long-term follow-up studies should still be considered as one criterion among others in the development of psychiatric classification systems regarding schizophrenia and affective disorders. A total of 323 first hospitalized inpatients of the Psychiatric Department of the University Munich were recruited at index time and followed up after 15 years. The full follow-up evaluation including several standardized assessment procedures (AMDP, PANSS, SANS, DAS, GAS) could be performed in 197 patients. The patients originally diagnosed according to ICD-9 were re-diagnosed according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV, using SCID among others. Schizophrenic patients had a much poorer outcome than affective or schizoaffective patients in terms of negative syndrome, deficit syndrome, psychosocial impairments and GAS results, and a higher prevalence of a chronic course. The logistic regression analyses performed to find optimized predictor combinations for the prognosis of a chronic course found, for example, the total Strauss-Carpenter Scale score, male gender and several other psychopathological syndromes to be relevant predictors. The findings reflect some long-term related validity for the differentiation between schizophrenia and affective disorders. The Strauss-Carpenter Scale, male gender as well as several psychopathological syndromes are the most relevant predictors for chronicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jürgen Möller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Takeda M, Kurita H. Editorial. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2010; 64:1-3. [PMID: 20416022 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.02051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
25
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present paper reviews recent studies on the clinical presentation of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and the current level of evidence for treatment with medications and psychotherapy. RECENT FINDINGS An apprehensive state of mind, regardless of the quality of stimuli, is at the core of GAD, causing a pervasive cognitive dysfunction that is separate from that seen in depression and obsessive compulsive disorder. When treatments reduce anxiety-related symptoms and insomnia, patients report a restoration of social functioning, probably as a consequence of improved decision-making, cooperative skills, and risk assessment. Late-onset GAD symptoms in the elderly may be caused or aggravated by cerebrovascular events, loneliness, bereavement, substance use, and the prospect of death. Insomnia in GAD may be primary or caused by common medications. Practice guidelines fail to capture the needs of the entire range of patients with GAD as they build on patients without comorbidity who have been selected for phase III trials. They are also biased to reduce cost. SUMMARY The past 10 years have seen a range of safe and effective treatments for GAD. Late-onset GAD presents a new challenge to researchers and practitioners. The current state of knowledge about GAD does not justify radical revisions of the diagnostic criteria in the ongoing revisions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases-10 nosologies.
Collapse
|