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Pelizza L, Plazzi E, Leuci E, Leucci AC, Quattrone E, Azzali S, Pupo S, Paulillo G, Pellegrini P, Menchetti M. Diagnostic shift in adolescents with first episode psychosis: findings from the 2-year follow-up of the "Parma Early Psychosis" program. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02721-2. [PMID: 38951155 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diagnostic stability for people with First Episode Psychosis (FEP) is essential for treatment, but it remains poorly investigated, especially in adolescents and within a prospective design. The aims of this research were: (a) to examine diagnostic change in Italian adolescents with FEP treated within an "Early Intervention in Psychosis" program during a 2-year follow-up period and (b) to investigate any sociodemographic and clinical predictors at baseline. METHODS At baseline, 66 adolescents with FEP was recruited. Their primary diagnosis was formulated both at baseline and at the end of follow-up. At presentation, FEP adolescents completed the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA). As for diagnostic stability, the Kappa statistic was calculated. The associations of diagnostic change with baseline clinical and sociodemographic features were analyzed using a logistic model with the diagnostic shift as dependent variable. A propensity score was finally calculated based on logistic analysis results. RESULTS 38 (57.6%) FEP adolescents changed their opening diagnosis. The highest prospective diagnostic stability was for initial diagnosis of schizophrenia (95.4%) and affective spectrum psychoses (75%). Diagnostic instability was high for opening diagnosis of psychosis not otherwise specified, brief psychosis and schizophreniform disorder (100%). The best predictors of diagnostic change were fewer years of education, shorter duration of untreated psychosis and higher baseline levels of psychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSION Diagnostic stability is crucial for treatment and clinical decision making. Addressing instability in FEP diagnoses is an important challenge for future diagnostic development in early psychosis, especially in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pelizza
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, viale Pepoli 5, Bologna (BO), 40123, Italy.
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Azienda USL di Parma, largo Palli 1/a, Parma (PR), 43100, Italy.
| | - Enrico Plazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, viale Pepoli 5, Bologna (BO), 40123, Italy
| | - Emanuela Leuci
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Azienda USL di Parma, largo Palli 1/a, Parma (PR), 43100, Italy
| | - Anna Caterina Leucci
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, viale Pepoli 5, Bologna (BO), 40123, Italy
| | - Emanuela Quattrone
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Azienda USL di Parma, largo Palli 1/a, Parma (PR), 43100, Italy
| | - Silvia Azzali
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, viale Amendola 2, Reggio Emilia (RE), 42100, Italy
| | - Simona Pupo
- Pain Therapy Service, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, viale Gramsci 14, Parma (PR), 43100, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Paulillo
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Azienda USL di Parma, largo Palli 1/a, Parma (PR), 43100, Italy
| | - Pietro Pellegrini
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Azienda USL di Parma, largo Palli 1/a, Parma (PR), 43100, Italy
| | - Marco Menchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, viale Pepoli 5, Bologna (BO), 40123, Italy
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2
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Castagnini A, Foldager L, Caffo E, Berrios GE. The predictive validity and outcome of ICD-10 and DSM-5 short-lived psychotic disorders: a review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:1157-1168. [PMID: 34988647 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders introduced the category of 'acute and transient psychotic disorders' (ATPDs) encompassing polymorphic, schizophrenic and predominantly delusional subtypes, and the forthcoming ICD-11 revision has restricted it to polymorphic psychotic disorder, while the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) listed 'brief psychotic disorder' (BPD). To assess the predictive validity and outcome of ATPDs and BPD, relevant papers in English, French and German were searched in PubMed and Web of Science. Where possible meta-analysis of prognostic validators (diagnostic stability, course, outcome and response to treatment) was conducted. Fifty studies published between January 1993 and July 2019 were found. The clinical and functional outcome of ATPDs proved better than in schizophrenia and related disorders, but mortality risk is high, particularly suicide, and treatment trials provide little evidence. Meta-analysis of 25 studies (13,507 cases) revealed that 55% (95% CI 49-62) do not change diagnosis, 25% (95% CI 20-31) converted into schizophrenia and related disorders, and 12% (95% CI 7-16) into affective disorders on average over 6.3 years. Subgroup meta-analysis estimated prospective consistency of polymorphic psychotic disorder (55%; 95% CI 52-58) significantly greater than that of the ATPD subtypes with schizophrenic (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.4-2.0) and predominantly delusional (OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1-1.5) symptoms. Moreover, the diagnostic stability of BPD (13 studies; 294 cases) was 45% (95% CI 32-50) over a mean 4.2 years. Although these findings indicate that short-lived psychotic disorders have little predictive validity, significant differences among the ATPD subtypes support the revised ICD-11 ATPD category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Castagnini
- School of Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Leslie Foldager
- Health Research Unit, Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark.,Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ernesto Caffo
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - German E Berrios
- Department of Psychiatry and Robinson College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Gale-Grant O, Dazzan P, Lappin JM, Donoghue K, Reininghaus U, Croudace T, Jones PB, Murray RM, Fearon P, Doody GA, Morgan C, Heslin M. Diagnostic stability and outcome after first episode psychosis. J Ment Health 2020; 30:104-112. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2020.1818191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Gale-Grant
- King’s College London, MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, London, UK
- King’s College London, Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Paola Dazzan
- King’s College London, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
- King’s College London, National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and, London, UK
| | - Julia M. Lappin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kim Donoghue
- Department of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- King’s College London, Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tim Croudace
- School of Nursing & Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Peter B. Jones
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robin M. Murray
- King’s College London, Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
- King’s College London, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Paul Fearon
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gillian A. Doody
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Craig Morgan
- King’s College London, Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Margaret Heslin
- King’s College London, Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
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4
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients in every stage of the psychosis continuum can present with negative symptoms. While no treatment is currently available to address these symptoms, a more refined characterization of their course over the lifetime could help in elaborating interventions. Previous reports have separately investigated the prevalence of negative symptoms within each stage of the psychosis continuum. Our aim in this review is to compare those prevalences across stages, thereby disclosing the course of negative symptoms. METHODS We searched several databases for studies reporting prevalences of negative symptoms in each one of our predetermined stages of the psychosis continuum: clinical or ultra-high risk (UHR), first-episode of psychosis (FEP), and younger and older patients who have experienced multiple episodes of psychosis (MEP). We combined results using the definitions of negative symptoms detailed in the Brief Negative Symptom Scale, a recently developed tool. For each negative symptom, we averaged and weighted by the combined sample size the prevalences of each negative symptom at each stage. RESULTS We selected 47 studies totaling 1872 UHR, 2947 FEP, 5039 younger MEP, and 669 older MEP patients. For each negative symptom, the prevalences showed a comparable course. Each negative symptom decreased from the UHR to FEP stages and then increased from the FEP to MEP stages. CONCLUSIONS Certain psychological, environmental, and treatment-related factors may influence the cumulative impact of negative symptoms, presenting the possibility for early intervention to improve the long-term course.
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5
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López-Díaz Á, Fernández-González JL, Lara I, Ruiz-Veguilla M. Predictors of diagnostic stability in acute and transient psychotic disorders: validation of previous findings and implications for ICD-11. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:291-299. [PMID: 31062078 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute and transient psychotic disorders (ATPD) have moderate prospective diagnostic stability. Female gender, older age at onset, good premorbid adjustment, abrupt onset, shifting polymorphic symptomatology and absence of schizophrenic features have been found to be predictive factors of diagnostic stability in ATPDs. Nevertheless, most of these findings need to be replicated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic stability of patients with ATPD, and to determine whether previously accepted predictors of diagnostic stability for ATPD could be externally validated in our cohort. To that end, a prospective 2-year observational study was conducted on patients with first-episode ATPD. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine factors associated with ATPD diagnostic stability at the end of the follow-up period. The following prior knowledge variables were analyzed: female gender, older age at onset, good premorbid adjustment, abrupt onset, shifting polymorphic symptomatology and absence of schizophrenic features. Sixty-eight patients with first-episode ATPD completed the follow-up, of whom 55.9% (n = 38) retained their diagnosis of ATPD at the end of the study. Multivariate analysis revealed that diagnostic stability was independently significantly associated with the presence of shifting polymorphic symptomatology (OR = 7.42, 95% CI 1.65-33.30; p = 0.009) and the absence of schizophrenic features (OR = 6.37, 95% CI 1.47-27.54; p = 0.013) at the onset of the psychotic disorder. Our findings provide empirical support for the ICD-11 proposal restricting the new ATPD category to the acute polymorphic disorder without schizophrenia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro López-Díaz
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Lara
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Seville, Spain. .,Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. .,UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot sn. 41013, Seville, Spain.
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6
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López-Díaz Á, Fernández-González JL, Lara I, Crespo-Facorro B, Ruiz-Veguilla M. The prognostic role of catatonia, hallucinations, and symptoms of schizophrenia in acute and transient psychosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 140:574-585. [PMID: 31436311 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the prospective temporal stability of acute and transient psychotic disorders (ATPDs) and analyze whether there are clinical, psychopathological, or sociodemographic characteristics that predict ATPD diagnostic stability. METHOD We conducted a prospective, 2-year, observational study of patients presenting a first-episode ATPD. A multivariate logistic regression model was developed to identify independent variables associated with ATPD diagnostic stability. Well-established predictive factors of diagnostic stability, as well as all the psychopathological features included in the ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research (DCR) descriptions of ATPD, were analyzed. RESULTS Sixty-eight patients with a first episode of ATPD completed the study with a diagnostic stability rate as high as 55.9% (n = 38) at the end of the follow-up period. Multivariate analysis revealed that diagnostic stability was independently significantly associated with the baseline presence of motility disturbances (OR = 6.86, 95% CI = 1.10-42.62; P = 0.039), the absence of hallucinations (OR = 5.75, 95% CI = 1.51-21.98; P = 0.010), and the absence of schizophrenic features (OR = 7.13, 95% CI = 1.38-36.90; P = 0.019). CONCLUSION A symptom checklist assessing these psychopathological features would enable early identification of those subjects whose initial ATPD diagnosis will remain stable over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Á López-Díaz
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - I Lara
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | - B Crespo-Facorro
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.,Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Ruiz-Veguilla
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.,Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Grupo Psicosis y Neurodesarrollo, Sevilla, Spain
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7
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review the ongoing research in the area of acute and transient psychotic disorders (ATPDs) with regard to their nosology, epidemiology, clinical description, genetics, and neurobiology, examining evidence for distinctiveness or otherwise of ATPDs. We further highlight the lacuna in research in ATPDs. RECENT FINDINGS Studies on ATPDs as defined in the ICD 10 have been reported from different parts of the world, more so from the developing countries. There is consistent evidence that there exist a group of ATPDs that occur more commonly among females, are often precipitated by stressful life events or exposure to physiological stresses like fever, child birth, are associated with well-adjusted premorbid personality, and show complete recovery in a short period. Although in some cases of ATPDs, there is symptomatic overlap with schizophrenic symptoms in the acute phase, they follow a completely different course and outcome, exhibit genetic distinctiveness, and do not share genetic relationship with schizophrenias or bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). Comparative studies on neurophysiology and neuroimaging in ATPDs and schizophrenias have demonstrated evidence of hyper arousal and hyper metabolism in ATPDs vs hypo arousal and hypo metabolism as noted in the P300 response and on FDG PET studies, respectively. Immune markers such as IL-6, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta show higher levels in ATPDs as compared to healthy controls. Findings on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying ATPDs, so far, point towards significant differences from those in schizophrenia or BPAD. Although the studies are few and far between, nevertheless, these point towards the possibility of ATPDs as a distinct entity and underscore the need for pursuing alternate hypothesis such as neuro inflammatory or metabolic. Research on ATPDs is limited due to many reasons including lack of harmony between the ICD and DSM diagnostic systems and clinician biases. Available research data supports the validity of ATPDs as a distinct clinical entity. There is also evidence that ATPDs are different from schizophrenias or BPAD on genetic, neuroimaging, neurophysiological, and immunological markers and require further studies.
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8
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Abstract
The ICD-11 International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems will move toward a narrower concept of "acute and transient psychotic disorders" (ATPD) characterized by the remnant "polymorphic psychotic disorder" (APPD) of the current ICD-10 category, also including schizophrenic and predominantly delusional subtypes. To assess the validity of APPD, relevant articles published between January 1993 and September 2017 were found through searches in PubMed and Web of Science. APPD is a rare mental disorder and affects significantly more women than men in early-middle adulthood. Its diagnostic reliability is relatively low, and its consistency reaches just 53.8% on average over 8.8 years, but is significantly greater than either of ATPD subtypes, which are more likely to progress to schizophrenia and related disorders. Although APPD has distinctive features and higher predictive power, its rarity and the fleeting and polymorphic nature of its symptoms could reduce its usefulness in clinical practice and discourage research.
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9
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Rutigliano G, Merlino S, Minichino A, Patel R, Davies C, Oliver D, De Micheli A, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P. Long term outcomes of acute and transient psychotic disorders: The missed opportunity of preventive interventions. Eur Psychiatry 2018; 52:126-133. [PMID: 29787962 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute and transient psychotic disorders (ATPD) are characterized by an acute onset and a remitting course, and overlap with subgroups of the clinical high-risk state for psychosis. The long-term course and outcomes of ATPD are not completely clear. METHODS Electronic health record-based retrospective cohort study, including all patients who received a first index diagnosis of ATPD (F23, ICD-10) within the South London and Maudsley (SLaM) National Health Service Trust, between 1 st April 2006 and 15th June 2017. The primary outcome was risk of developing persistent psychotic disorders, defined as the development of any ICD-10 diagnoses of non-organic psychotic disorders. Cumulative risk of psychosis onset was estimated through Kaplan-Meier failure functions (non-competing risks) and Greenwood confidence intervals. RESULTS A total of 3074 patients receiving a first index diagnosis of ATPD (F23, ICD-10) within SLaM were included. The mean follow-up was 1495 days. After 8-year, 1883 cases (61.26%) retained the index diagnosis of ATPD; the remaining developed psychosis. The cumulative incidence (Kaplan-Meier failure function) of risk of developing any ICD-10 non-organic psychotic disorder was 16.10% at 1-year (95%CI 14.83-17.47%), 28.41% at 2-year (95%CI 26.80-30.09%), 33.96% at 3-year (95% CI 32.25-35.75%), 36.85% at 4-year (95%CI 35.07-38.69%), 40.99% at 5-year (95% CI 39.12-42.92%), 42.58% at 6-year (95%CI 40.67-44.55%), 44.65% at 7-year (95% CI 42.66-46.69%), and 46.25% at 8-year (95% CI 44.17-48.37%). The cumulative risk of schizophrenia-spectrum disorder at 8-year was 36.14% (95% CI 34.09-38.27%). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with ATPD have a very high risk of developing persistent psychotic disorders and may benefit from early detection and preventive treatments to improve their outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Rutigliano
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Sergio Merlino
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Amedeo Minichino
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rashmi Patel
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cathy Davies
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Oliver
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea De Micheli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip McGuire
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom; OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, 190 Kennington Ln, Lambeth, SE11, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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10
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Castagnini AC, Fusar-Poli P. Diagnostic validity of ICD-10 acute and transient psychotic disorders and DSM-5 brief psychotic disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2017; 45:104-113. [PMID: 28756108 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-lived psychotic disorders are currently classified under "acute and transient psychotic disorders" (ATPDs) in ICD-10, and "brief psychotic disorder" (BPD) in DSM-5. This study's aim is to review the literature and address the validity of ATPDs and BPD. METHOD Papers published between January 1993 and December 2016 were identified through searches in Web of Science. Reference lists in the located papers provided further sources. RESULTS A total of 295 articles were found and 100 were included in the review. There were only a few studies about the epidemiology, vulnerability factors, neurobiological correlates and treatment of these disorders, particularly little interest seems to exist in BPD. The available evidence suggests that short-lived psychotic disorders are rare conditions and more often affect women in early to middle adulthood. They also are neither associated with premorbid dysfunctions nor characteristic family predisposition, while there seems to be greater evidence of environmental factors particularly in developing countries and migrant populations. Follow-up studies report a favourable clinical and functional outcome, but case identification has proved difficult owing to high rates of transition mainly either to schizophrenia and related disorders or, to a lesser extent, affective disorders over the short- and longer-terms. CONCLUSIONS Although the lack of neurobiological findings and little predictive power argue against the validity of the above diagnostic categories, it is important that they are kept apart from longer-lasting psychotic disorders both for clinical practice and research. Close overlap between ATPDs and BPD could enhance the understanding of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Castagnini
- School of Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - P Fusar-Poli
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, and OASIS Service, South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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11
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Fusar-Poli P, Cappucciati M, Rutigliano G, Heslin M, Stahl D, Brittenden Z, Caverzasi E, McGuire P, Carpenter WT. Diagnostic Stability of ICD/DSM First Episode Psychosis Diagnoses: Meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:1395-1406. [PMID: 26980142 PMCID: PMC5049518 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Validity of current International Classification of Disease/Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (ICD/DSM) first episode psychosis diagnoses is essential in clinical practice, research, training and public health. METHOD We provide a meta-analytical estimate of prospective diagnostic stability and instability in ICD-10 or DSM-IV first episode diagnoses of functional psychoses. Independent extraction by multiple observers. Random effect meta-analysis conducted with the "metaprop," "metaninf," "metafunnel," "metabias," and "metareg" packages of STATA13.1. Moderators were tested with meta-regression analyses. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I 2 index. Sensitivity analyses tested robustness of results. Publication biases were assessed with funnel plots and Egger's test. FINDINGS 42 studies and 45 samples were included, for a total of 14 484 first episode patients and an average follow-up of 4.5 years. Prospective diagnostic stability ranked: schizophrenia 0.90 (95% CI 0.85-0.95), affective spectrum psychoses 0.84 (95% CI 0.79-0.89), schizoaffective disorder 0.72 (95% CI 0.61-0.73), substance-induced psychotic disorder 0.66 (95% CI 0.51-0.81), delusional disorder 0.59 (95% CI 0.47-0.71), acute and transient psychotic disorder/brief psychotic disorder 0.56 (95% CI 0.62-0.60), psychosis not otherwise specified 0.36 (95% CI 0.27-0.45, schizophreniform disorder 0.29 (95% CI 0.22-0.38). Diagnostic stability within schizophrenia spectrum psychoses was 0.93 (95% CI 0.89-0.97); changes to affective spectrum psychoses were 0.05 (95% CI 0.01-0.08). About 0.10 (95% CI 0.05-0.15) of affective spectrum psychoses changed to schizophrenia spectrum psychosis. Across the other psychotic diagnoses there was high diagnostic instability, mostly to schizophrenia. INTERPRETATION There is meta-analytical evidence for high prospective diagnostic stability in schizophrenia spectrum and affective spectrum psychoses, with no significant ICD/DSM differences. These results may inform the development of new treatment guidelines for early psychosis and impact drug licensing from regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK;,OASIS Clinic, SLaM NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK;,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, PO63, De Crespigny Park, SE58AF London, UK; tel: 20-7848-0900, fax: 207-848-0976, e-mail:
| | - Marco Cappucciati
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK;,Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Grazia Rutigliano
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK;,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Margaret Heslin
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Stahl
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Zera Brittenden
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Edgardo Caverzasi
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Philip McGuire
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - William T. Carpenter
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and VA Capitol Network (VISN 5) MIRECC, Baltimore, MD
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12
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Lee EHM, Hui CLM, Chang WC, Chan SKW, Lin J, Chen EYH. Letter to the Editor: Comparison of cognitive functions, pre-morbid conditions and clinical characteristics between brief psychotic disorder and schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2016; 46:2011-2013. [PMID: 27181416 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E H M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong SAR,People's Republic of China
| | - C L M Hui
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong SAR,People's Republic of China
| | - W C Chang
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong SAR,People's Republic of China
| | - S K W Chan
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong SAR,People's Republic of China
| | - J Lin
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong SAR,People's Republic of China
| | - E Y H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong SAR,People's Republic of China
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13
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Gnanavel S. The rural employment advantage for people with psychosis: is it real? Br J Psychiatry 2015; 204:403. [PMID: 24785771 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.204.5.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sundar Gnanavel
- Sundar Gnanavel, Senior Resident, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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14
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Rusaka M, Rancāns E. A prospective follow-up study of first-episode acute transient psychotic disorder in Latvia. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2014; 13:4. [PMID: 24502369 PMCID: PMC3922543 DOI: 10.1186/1744-859x-13-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute and transient psychotic disorder (ATPD) has been described as an acute psychosis with brief onset and polymorphous symptomatology (WHO, 1993). The study of ATPD is growing increasingly relevant as scientists start an active discussion of the possibility of changing the ATPD classification in the next International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). The aims of this study were to describe the clinical features of the index episode of ATPD in patients in Latvia, to analyse the stability and longitudinal changes of the diagnosis, to explore potential correlations between the sociodemographic and disease characteristics and to describe stressful life events before the first ATPD episode. METHODS A prospective follow-up study of all first-time admitted patients from the Riga Centre of Psychiatry and Addiction Disorders who fulfilled the ICD-10 criteria for ATPD (WHO, 1993) during the 15-month period from 9 January 2010 to 30 March 2011 and followed up until 31 October 2012. Stressful life events, demographics and clinical features during the index episode were assessed. RESULTS One hundred two patients were admitted with first-episode ATPD. The majority were females (60.7%). Over an average 26.5-month follow-up period, 59.8% of the patients were not readmitted. The overall stability rate of ATPD diagnosis in our sample was 67.4% (p = 0.0001). In the subgroup of patients who were readmitted, 70.7% had their diagnosis converted to schizophrenia in subsequent visits. Stressful life events before the first episode were found in 49.0% of first-episode ATPD patients. Thought disorder was found to be the strongest statistically significant predictor of ATPD diagnosis conversation to schizophrenia (odds ratio 4.3), with high Wald's criterion (9.435) in binary logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS ATPD is prevalent in Latvia, with rather high overall stability rate. Combining these data from first-episode ATPD patients in Latvia with data from other countries may help predict the development of the disease and provide a basis for potential changes to ICD-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Rusaka
- Riga Centre of Psychiatry and Addiction Disorders, Tvaika str, 2, Riga LV 1005, Latvia.
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15
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Pearman TP. Delusional disorder and oncology: review of the literature and case report. Int J Psychiatry Med 2013; 45:237-43. [PMID: 24066407 DOI: 10.2190/pm.45.3.c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delusional disorder is an infrequent diagnosis in outpatient clinical practice. While delusional thought processes are a fairly common part of symptom clusters in chronic psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, true delusional disorders are believed to be fairly rare. METHOD In this article, we review scientific data on incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of delusional disorders. This was done by PubMed search utilizing the search terms "delusional disorder," "oncology," "diagnosis," and "treatment." Relevant articles were excluded if they dealt predominantly with schizophrenia instead of primary delusional disorder. RESULTS We present a case of a patient diagnosed with follicular lymphoma and an apparent longstanding history of persecutory delusions. The patient's symptoms eventually led to intervention in the oncology practice involving the medical center faculty and staff, as well as local police and the court system. CONCLUSIONS Delusional disorder is an under-researched condition, and limited information is known regarding the treatment of this condition when it impacts upon medical care. Future research directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Pearman
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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