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Wu CL, Huang CC, Wu SY, Jiang SS, Tsai FY, Hsiao JR. A new scoring system facilitating diagnosis of oral squamous malignancy on biopsy specimens. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:165. [PMID: 35524231 PMCID: PMC9074340 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morphological evaluation of oral mucosal biopsy is sometimes inconclusive, which may delay the diagnosis and treatment of oral squamous malignancy. Immunohistochemical biomarkers denoting oral squamous malignancy would be clinically helpful in such scenario. METHODS We first studied the expression patterns of four potential biomarkers (cytokeratin 13, cytokeratin 17, Ki-67 and laminin 5 gamma 2 chain) in an exploratory cohort containing 54 surgical specimens from confirmed oral squamous malignancies. A pattern score was assigned to each specific expression pattern of these four biomarkers. A total score from each specimen was then calculated by summing up the four pattern scores. A cut-off value of total score denoting oral squamous malignancy was then determined. Another 34 oral squamous malignancies that were misdiagnosed as non-malignant lesions on their pre-treatment biopsies were used as a validation cohort to test the clinical utility of this scoring system. RESULTS In the exploratory cohort, fifty-two (96%) of the 54 confirmed oral squamous malignancies had a total score of 9 and above. In the validation cohort, thirty-one (91%) of the 34 pre-treatment oral biopsy specimens also had a total score of 9 or above, supporting the feasibility of using this scoring system to predict immediate risk of oral squamous malignancy. CONCLUSIONS Our four-biomarker "oral squamous malignancy scoring system" provides reliable prediction for immediate risk of oral squamous malignancy on pre-treatment oral biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Lin Wu
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yin Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sheng Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Ren Hsiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan.
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Rajeswari P, Janardhanan M, Suresh R, Savithri V, Aravind T, Raveendran GC. Expression of CK 19 as a biomarker in early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 24:523-529. [PMID: 33967491 PMCID: PMC8083407 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_302_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increased mortality in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) had been attributed to delay in diagnosis. Lack of a specific marker to assess the malignant potential of premalignant lesions is thought to be one of the reasons for late detection. Expression of Cytokeratin 19, which is widely used as an odontogenic epithelial marker had been reported in OSCC. Downregulation of CK 19 expression plays an important role in terminal differentiation of superficial squamous cell and increased expression in various epithelial malignancies has been suggested to be an indicator of malignant change. Aims and Objectives: To assess the role of CK19 as a potential marker in predicting malignant transformation in oral precancerous lesions and as a prognostic marker in OSCC. Materials and Methods: Study population consisted of ten samples each of normal oral mucosa, epithelial hyperplasia, varying grades of both oral epithelial dysplasias and OSCC. The tissue sections were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for the marker cytokeratin 19. Results: An increased expression of CK19 was noted in oral epithelial hyperplasia, severe dysplasia and in superficial epithelium at the invading front in OSCC. In mild and moderate dysplasias, CK19 expression was lower than the normal mucosa. In oral squamous cell carcinoma, the expression of CK19 was restricted to either a few islands or a few cells within the islands, resulting in a lesser expression than the normal epithelium. The malignant epithelial islands in the superficial connective tissue stroma were showing greater expression than the deeper islands. The epithelial cells associated with formation of keratin pearls were found to be showing more expression than those with infrequent keratin pearls. Conclusion: The study suggests that malignant transformation of epithelium can be predicted based on the increased expression of CK19. But it should be done with caution as a similar increased expression may also be noticed in presence of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvathy Rajeswari
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Mahija Janardhanan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Rakesh Suresh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Vindhya Savithri
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Thara Aravind
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Greeshma C Raveendran
- Department of Biostatistics, Amrita School of Medicine, AIMS, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Abé T, Kitagawa N, Yoshimoto S, Maruyama S, Yamazaki M, Inai T, Hashimoto S, Saku T. Keratin 17-positive Civatte bodies in oral lichen planus-distribution variety, diagnostic significance and histopathogenesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14586. [PMID: 32884005 PMCID: PMC7471264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although emergence of keratin 17 (K17) and reciprocal loss of K13 are immunohistochemical hallmarks for oral mucosal malignancy, we report here findings of K17-positive (+) speckles, possibly equivalent to Civatte bodies, in benign oral lichen planus. Sixty-two biopsy samples from oral lichen planus cases were subjected to immunohistochemical examinations to analyze the distribution as well as histopathogenesis of Civatte bodies. K17 was irregularly positive among oral lichen planus-affected epithelial cells, and K17-positive (+) filamentous structures were irregularly distributed within the cytoplasm in confocal images. K17+ speckles were identified as Civatte bodies, and they were mainly distributed in the interface between epithelial cells and lymphocytic infiltrates (type A, 52.8%), followed by distribution within the epithelial layer (type B, 24.7%) or within the lamina propria with lymphocytic infiltration (type C, 22.5%). Apoptotic figures were often engulfed by macrophages and clearly distinguished from Civatte bodies by the presence TUNEL signals. These results indicate that K17 is a sensitive immunohistochemical marker for Civatte bodies and useful for differential diagnosis of oral lichen planus from other oral mucosal lesions. Civatte bodies are generated from denucleation of K17+ epithelial cells during the process of cell death via dyskeratosis, which is possibly related to blood capillary collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Abé
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Norio Kitagawa
- Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Shohei Yoshimoto
- Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maruyama
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Manabu Yamazaki
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tetsuichiro Inai
- Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hashimoto
- Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Takashi Saku
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata, Japan. .,Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan. .,Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, 951-8514, Japan.
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Ikeda M, Shima K, Kondo T, Semba I. Atypical immunohistochemical patterns can complement the histopathological diagnosis of oral premalignant lesions. J Oral Biosci 2020; 62:93-98. [PMID: 32014614 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The histopathological diagnosis of oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) such as oral epithelial dysplasia (ED) and carcinoma in situ (CIS), as well as epithelial hyperplasia (EHP), is important for the early detection and precise treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, the standardization of detection and treatment by histological criteria alone remains challenging owing to the complicated and varied histology. We evaluated practically useful immunohistochemical (IHC) markers that might complement the histopathological diagnosis of OPLs. METHODS We re-evaluated the histopathological diagnoses and IHC patterns of Ki-67, TP53, CK13, and CK17 in 200 cases of OPLs and performed multiple logistic regression analyses for their predictive accuracy. RESULTS We identified and compared atypical IHC patterns in OPLs and in the normal epithelium. Ki-67 expression showed specific patterns in categorized OPLs as EHP, low-grade dysplasia (LED), high-grade dysplasia (HED), and CIS. Multiple logistic regression analyses in the quadrant categories revealed that EHP and CIS had high predictive accuracies of 90.1% and 96.2%, respectively, and in binary categories, combined EHP and LED versus combined HED and CIS showed predictive accuracies of 92.1% and 89.9%, respectively. Binominal logistic regression analysis between each quadrant category revealed satisfactory predictive accuracy of EHP vs. LED, LED vs. HED, and HED vs. CIS (75.2%, 78.9%, and 87.9%, respectively), and Ki-67 showed the highest adjusted odds ratio, followed by TP53. CONCLUSION The proposed atypical IHC patterns might serve as useful markers to supplement the morphological diagnosis of OPLs, and established IHC methods for Ki-67 and TP53 might provide stable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikihito Ikeda
- Department of Oral Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kaori Shima
- Department of Oral Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kondo
- Department of Oral Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ichiro Semba
- Department of Oral Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
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Zhuang X, Chen Z, Wang J, Chen J, Wu X, Wang Y, Chen C, Deng G, Qian K, Bai Y. Clinicopathological features and outcomes of esophageal lesions containing a basal layer type squamous cell carcinoma component. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:8507-8516. [PMID: 31572005 PMCID: PMC6756149 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s212380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Basal layer type squamous cell carcinoma (BLSCC) is a unique type of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), characterized by high-grade dysplastic cells occupying the lower half of the epithelium. So far, such special lesions do not seem to attract much attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of esophageal squamous carcinoma lesions with a BLSCC component. Materials and methods Between January 2011 and January 2018, 96 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma underwent endoscopic submucosal resection in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into BLSCC or typical SCC groups according to the presence or absence of a BLSCC component. The endoscopic findings were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, patients were followed up until October 2018 to compare recurrence rates. Results BLSCC components were detected in 32 (33.3%, 32/96) lesions. Among them, 13 (40.62%, 13/32) were BLSCC predominant. The intraepithelial papillary capillary loops of 7 pure BLSCC showed type B1 under narrow-band imaging. Single-factor and multivariate analyses indicated that five or more independently scattered, deep-stained spots in iodine-unstained areas were significantly predictive of the presence of BLSCC components (OR=4.837, P=0.015). All patients of typical SCC group survived, but one of BLSCC group died for distant metastases during the follow-up period. The 1-year cumulative recurrence rate (CRR) of BLSCC group were 3.4%, lower than that of typical SCC group (7.1%). Although no significant difference of CRR was seen between the two groups (P>0.05), the 2-year CRR of BLSCC group increased to 11.9%, being higher than that of typical SCC group (7.1%). Conclusion The presence of multiple, scattered stained spots in iodine-unstained areas was predictive of BLSCC components. Such lesion should be treated actively and subject to a more rigorous follow-up protocol due to a higher likelihood of late recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoduan Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqi Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosheng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Chudi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoming Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
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Safadi RA, AlRomaizan A, Alshagroud RS, Divakar DD, Alshieban S. Cytokeratin 19 Immunostain Reduces Variability in Grading Epithelial Dysplasia of the Non-Keratinized Upper Aerodigestive Tract Mucosa. Head Neck Pathol 2019; 14:183-191. [PMID: 31089948 PMCID: PMC7021870 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-019-01038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial dysplasia (ED) grading systems are criticized for low reliability. The effects of diagnostic tests or stains on reducing examiner variability in grading ED of the upper aerodigestive tract have not been investigated. The study aim was to examine the effectiveness of cytokeratin 19 (K19) immunostain on enhancing inter and intraexaminer reliability of ED grading and to reiterate the relation of K19 positivity with epithelial keratinization. The study sample consisted of 122 paraffin blocks that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Each paraffin block had three sections cut: one immunostained for K19 and two for hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E). Each examiner graded the study sample in six rounds; three using H&E stain only and three using paired K19-H&E stains. The study examiners were three American-Board certified practicing oral pathologists. The results were analyzed using Krippendorff's alpha, ROC curve, Chi square test and binary logistic regression. Upon the use of paired K19-H&E stains the results showed that the intraexaminer reliability coefficients of grading were improved from 0.70, 0.69, 0.78 to 0.73, 0.88, 0.91 for examiners 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Reliability coefficients for inter-examiners improved from 0.55 to 0.73 (Krippendorff alpha). The accuracy of identifying the diseased cases (high-grade dysplasia) increased from 0.82 to 0.94 (ROC curve). Binary logistic regression revealed that K19 positivity is negatively associated with hyperkeratinization of surface epithelium (P = 0.001). To conclude, for grading non-keratinized epithelial dysplastic lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract, paired K19-H&E stains proved to reduce inter and intra-examiner variability by highlighting the extension of dysplastic epithelial cells within epithelial thickness, thus identifying the involved epithelial third and assigning a more reliable and better reproducible grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima A. Safadi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O Box: 3030, Irbid, 22110 Jordan
- King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, P.O Box: 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz AlRomaizan
- King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, P.O Box: 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, P.O Box: 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Darshan D. Divakar
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alshieban
- King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, P.O Box: 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, P.O Box: 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
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7
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Ko H, Hasegawa H, Ochiai T, Shimada K, Roy RR, Aizawa S, Yamada H. Loss of Basal Cell Character in Regenerating Oral Squamous Epithelium with Altered Expression of Desmoglein 1, Desmocollin 3 and Keratin 19. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.28.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokuni Ko
- Department of Oral Pathology, Matsumoto Dental University
- Kou Dental Clinic
| | - Hiromasa Hasegawa
- Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University
- Surgical Pathology Unit of Matsumoto Dental University Hospital
| | - Takanaga Ochiai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Matsumoto Dental University
- Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University
- Surgical Pathology Unit of Matsumoto Dental University Hospital
| | - Katsumitsu Shimada
- Department of Oral Pathology, Matsumoto Dental University
- Surgical Pathology Unit of Matsumoto Dental University Hospital
| | - Rita Rani Roy
- Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University
| | | | - Haruki Yamada
- Department of Oral Pathology, Matsumoto Dental University
- Surgery Unit, Iwaki Kusakidai General Clinic
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8
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Sumita Y, Yamazaki M, Maruyama S, Abé T, Cheng J, Takagi R, Tanuma JI. Cytoplasmic expression of SOX9 as a poor prognostic factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:2487-2496. [PMID: 30132562 PMCID: PMC6151877 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor SRY-box 9 (SOX9) is a key regulator of chondrocyte differentiation and sex determination, and it is also involved in the progression of various types of human cancer. However, its putative association with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression profiles of SOX9 in various oral epithelial lesions, including OSCC. We performed immunohistochemical analysis of SOX9 expression in surgical specimens of OSCC, which simultaneously exhibited different grades of epithelial lesions, and analyzed the correlation between SOX9 expression and several clinicopathological factors. Moreover, we performed immunofluorescent staining, western blot analysis and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to assess SOX9 expression in OSCC HSC-3 (a metastatic cell line) and HSC-4 (a non-metastatic cell line) cell lines. In surgical specimens, SOX9 expression was detected in the nuclei of proliferating cells in areas with epithelial dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, but not in areas with normal epithelia. Nuclear SOX9 expression was observed in most SCC cells. Notably, cytoplasmic SOX9 expression was confirmed only in some SCC cells; however, cytoplasmic SOX9 expression was significantly and positively correlated with poor clinical outcomes. Both protein and mRNA expression of SOX9 were significantly higher in the HSC-3 cell line than that in the HSC-4 line. Notably, however, only HSC-3 cells exhibited cytoplasmic localization of SOX9 expression. Our findings indicate that SOX9 may be involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of OSCC. Furthermore, its cytoplasmic expression represents a potential predictive biomarker for tumor aggressiveness and OSCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Sumita
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951‑8514, Japan
| | - Manabu Yamazaki
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951‑8514, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maruyama
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata 951‑8520, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Abé
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951‑8122, Japan
| | - Jun Cheng
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951‑8514, Japan
| | - Ritsuo Takagi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951‑8514, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Tanuma
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951‑8514, Japan
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9
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Nag R, Kumar Das R. Analysis of images for detection of oral epithelial dysplasia: A review. Oral Oncol 2018; 78:8-15. [PMID: 29496062 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a review of various image analysis approaches that have been previously used for recognition of dysplasia in images of the epithelium of the oral cavity. This domain has become especially admissible with the uncovering of the importance of image analysis which can probably be an aid to subjective diagnosis by histopathologists. Oral malignancy is a rampant form of cancer found among people of the Indian subcontinent due to various deleterious habits like consumption of tobacco, areca nut, betel leaf etc. Oral Submucous Fibrosis, a precancer, whose pathological category falls between normal epithelium and epithelial dysplasia, is caused because of these habits and can ultimately lead to oral cancer. Hence early detection of this condition is necessary. Image analysis methods for this purpose have an enormous potential which can also reduce the heavy workload of pathologists and to refine the criterion of interpretation. This paper starts with a critique of statistics of oral carcinoma in India and distribution of cancer in intra-oral sites and moves on to its causes and diagnostic approaches including causative agents, problems in curative approach and importance of image analysis in cancer detection. The various image analysis methods to appraise the cytological and architectural changes accompanied by Oral Epithelial Dysplasia in the images of the oral epithelial region have been described in relation to 2005 WHO Classification System and it was found that in future, analysis of images based on the mentioned methods has the potential in better interpretation and diagnosis of oral carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetoja Nag
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India.
| | - Raunak Kumar Das
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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10
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Simonetti O, Lucarini G, Rubini C, Zizzi A, Aspriello SD, Di Primio R, Offidani AM. Correlation between immunohistochemical staining of CEACAM1 and clinicopathological findings in oral pre-neoplastic lesions and squamous cell carcinoma. Med Mol Morphol 2017; 51:41-47. [PMID: 28887602 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-017-0169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity represents the sixth most common cancer worldwide and it is often preceded by pre-neoplastic lesions. Sometimes it is still difficult for pathologists to make objective differential diagnoses only on histological characteristics. Tumorigenesis is accompanied by altered expression of cell adhesion molecules, like carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM)1. We wanted to investigative CEACAM1 in oral dysplastic lesions, carcinoma in situ (CIS) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We examined immunohistochemical CEACAM1 expression in 50 OSCC, 30 oral CIS and 40 pre-neoplastic lesions and assessed its correlation with clinical and pathological parameters. CEACAM1 was not expressed in normal mucosa, significantly expressed in CIS while it was negative in all the dysplastic lesions. In OSCC, high CEACAM1 expression was associated with tumor grade and inversely correlated with both overall and disease-specific 5-year survival. We showed that CEACAM1 expression is very dynamic: absent in dysplastic lesions, up-regulated in CIS and OSCC. We suggest that CEACAM1 could be a prognostic marker of OSCC and oral CIS. Our most important finding was that it could help pathologists diagnosing oral carcinoma in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Simonetti
- Department of Dermatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Torrette, Ancona, Italy
| | - Guendalina Lucarini
- Department of Clinic and Molecular Sciences, Histology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/a, Torrette, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Corrado Rubini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Pathologic Anatomy and Histopathology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Torrette, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Zizzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Pathologic Anatomy and Histopathology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Torrette, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Di Primio
- Department of Clinic and Molecular Sciences, Histology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/a, Torrette, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Offidani
- Department of Dermatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Torrette, Ancona, Italy
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Proteomic and histopathological characterization of the interface between oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion fronts and non-cancerous epithelia. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:327-336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Hara H, Misawa T, Ishii E, Nakagawa M, Koshiishi S, Amemiya K, Oyama T, Tominaga K, Cheng J, Tanaka A, Saku T. Differential diagnosis of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma from non-neoplastic oral mucosal lesions: New cytopathologic evaluation method dependent on keratinization-related parameters but not nuclear atypism. Diagn Cytopathol 2017; 45:406-417. [PMID: 28205345 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytology of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is challenging because oral SCC cells tend to be well differentiated and lack nuclear atypia, often resulting in a false negative diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to establish practical cytological parameters specific to oral SCCs. METHODS We reviewed 123 cases of malignancy and 53 of non-neoplastic lesions of the oral mucosa, which had been diagnosed using both cytology and histopathology specimens. From those, we selected 12 SCC and 4 CIS cases that had initially been categorized as NILM to ASC-H with the Bethesda system, as well as 4 non-neoplastic samples categorized as LSIL or ASC-H as controls, and compared their characteristic findings. After careful examinations, we highlighted five cytological parameters, as described in Results. Those 20 cytology samples were then reevaluated by 4 independent examiners using the Bethesda system as well as the 5 parameters. RESULTS Five cytological features, (i) concentric arrangement of orangeophilic cells (indicating keratin pearls), (ii) large number of orangeophilic cells, (iii) bizarre-shaped orangeophilic cells without nuclear atypia, (iv) keratoglobules, and (v) uneven filamentous cytoplasm, were found to be significant parameters. All malignant cases contained at least one of those parameters, while none were observed in the four non-neoplastic cases with nuclear atypia. In reevaluations, the Bethesda system did not help the screeners distinguish oral SCCs from non-neoplastic lesions, while use of the five parameters enabled them to make a diagnosis of SCC. CONCLUSION Recognition of the present five parameters is useful for oral SCC cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:406-417. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Hara
- Pathology Division, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Misawa
- Oral Surgery Division, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Eri Ishii
- Pathology Division, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Miki Nakagawa
- Pathology Division, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Saki Koshiishi
- Pathology Division, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Pathology Division, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Toshio Oyama
- Pathology Division, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tominaga
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Jun Cheng
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akio Tanaka
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Takashi Saku
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan.,Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Chaves FN, Bezerra TMM, de Barros Silva PG, Oliveira FAF, Sousa FB, Costa FWG, Alves APNN, Pereira KMA. Evaluation of the p-AKT, p-JNK and FoxO3a function in oral epithelial dysplasia. Oral Dis 2017; 23:367-378. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- FN Chaves
- School of Dentistry; Federal University of Ceara/Sobral; Sobral Ceara Brazil
| | - TMM Bezerra
- Division of Oral Pathology; Department of Dental Clinic; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceara; Fortaleza Ceara Brazil
| | - PG de Barros Silva
- Division of Oral Pathology; Department of Dental Clinic; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceara; Fortaleza Ceara Brazil
| | - FAF Oliveira
- Division of Oral Pathology; Department of Dental Clinic; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceara; Fortaleza Ceara Brazil
| | - FB Sousa
- Division of Oral Pathology; Department of Dental Clinic; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceara; Fortaleza Ceara Brazil
| | - FWG Costa
- Division of Oral Pathology; Department of Dental Clinic; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceara; Fortaleza Ceara Brazil
| | - APNN Alves
- Division of Oral Pathology; Department of Dental Clinic; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceara; Fortaleza Ceara Brazil
| | - KMA Pereira
- School of Dentistry; Federal University of Ceara/Sobral; Sobral Ceara Brazil
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14
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Aizawa S, Ochiai T, Ara T, Yamada H, Hasegawa H. Heterogeneous and abnormal localization of desmosomal proteins in oral intraepithelial neoplasms. J Oral Sci 2016; 56:209-14. [PMID: 25231147 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.56.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
To study the relationship between the biological and morphological characteristics of oral intraepithelial neoplasms (OINs), we examined the localization of desmosome-related proteins. Twenty-seven cases of OIN3 were tentatively classified as basaloid (14 cases) or differentiated (13 cases), and the latter were further subdivided into verrucous (five cases) and acanthotic (eight cases) subtypes. All samples were stained using antibodies against desmoglein 1 (DSG1), desmocollin 3 (DSC3), junction plakoglobin (JUP) and serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 5 (SPINK5) domain. All variants of OIN3 showed significantly high rates of positivity for DSG1 in the basal layer (basaloid 57%; differentiated 85%), DSC3 in the surface layer (basaloid 93%; differentiated 77%) and JUP in the basal and parabasal layers (basaloid 93%; differentiated 62%). Interestingly, even the basaloid type showed areas of alternating DSG1 positivity and negativity, reflecting keratinocyte maturation. Therefore, most cases of OIN appear to have the characteristics of well differentiated squamous epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohichi Aizawa
- Department of Hard Tissue Research, Matsumoto Dental University Graduate School of Oral Medicine
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15
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Babkair H, Yamazaki M, Uddin MS, Maruyama S, Abé T, Essa A, Sumita Y, Ahsan MS, Swelam W, Cheng J, Saku T. Aberrant expression of the tight junction molecules claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1 mediates cell growth and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2016; 57:51-60. [PMID: 27436828 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We reported that altered cell contact mediated by E-cadherin is an initial event in the pathogenesis of oral epithelial malignancies. To assess other effects of cell adhesion, we examined the expression levels of tight junction (TJ) molecules in oral carcinoma in situ (CIS) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). To identify changes in the expression of TJ molecules, we conducted an analysis of the immunohistochemical profiles of claudin-1 (CLDN-1) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in surgical specimens acquired from patients with oral SCC containing foci of epithelial dysplasia or from patients with CIS. We used immunofluorescence, Western blotting, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and RNA interference to evaluate the functions of CLDN-1 and ZO-1 in cultured oral SCC cells. TJ molecules were not detected in normal oral epithelial tissues but were expressed in SCC/CIS cells. ZO-1 was localized within the nucleus of proliferating cells. When CLDN-1 expression was inhibited by transfecting cells with specific small interference RNAs, SCC cells dissociated, and their ability to proliferate and invade Matrigel was inhibited. In contrast, although RNA interference-mediated inhibition of ZO-1 expression did not affect cell morphology, it inhibited cell proliferation and invasiveness. Our findings indicated that the detection of TJ molecules in the oral epithelia may serve as a marker for the malignant phenotype of cells in which CLDN-1 regulates proliferation and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzah Babkair
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Oral Basic and Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina 41311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manabu Yamazaki
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Md Shihab Uddin
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maruyama
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Abé
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
| | - Ahmed Essa
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Sumita
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Md Shahidul Ahsan
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Wael Swelam
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Oral Basic and Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina 41311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Cheng
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Takashi Saku
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
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Okamura T, Izumo T, Yagishita H, Mori T, Sakamoto K, Harada K. Disordered arrangements of basal cells as a prognostic factor for oral epithelial dysplasia: a morphometric study of 96 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 122:355-61. [PMID: 27544396 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess objectively the predictive value of the atypical appearance of the basal layer of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) for development into invasive carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN Ninety-six OED cases were examined. These cases were divided into 2 groups: 38 cases that developed into invasive carcinoma and 58 cases that did not. Furthermore, 12 histopathological factors were quantified morphometrically in each case and assessed by Cox's proportional hazards model. RESULTS The standard deviation of the length between the apical membrane of the basal cells and the basement membrane was significantly associated with development of OED into invasive carcinoma (P < .001; hazard ratio, 3.124). CONCLUSION We provided novel, objective data demonstrating that an atypical appearance, especially the disordered arrangement of the basal cells representing loss of polarity, may be useful for predicting the development of OED into invasive carcinoma of the tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Okamura
- PhD Student, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Izumo
- Associate Professor, Department of Diagnostic Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hisao Yagishita
- Professor, Division of Oral Diagnosis, Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology and Oral Pathology Diagnostic Services, Nippon Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Staff Scientist, Department of Clinical Laboratory and Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Harada
- Professor of Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Hasegawa M, Cheng J, Maruyama S, Yamazaki M, Abé T, Babkair H, Saito C, Saku T. Differential immunohistochemical expression profiles of perlecan-binding growth factors in epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:426-36. [PMID: 26965914 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The intercellular deposit of perlecan, a basement-membrane type heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is considered to function as a growth factor reservoir and is enhanced in oral epithelial dysplasia and carcinoma in situ (CIS). However, it remains unknown which types of growth factors function in these perlecan-enriched epithelial conditions. The aim of this study was to determine immunohistochemically which growth factors were associated with perlecan in normal oral epithelia and in different epithelial lesions from dysplasia and CIS to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Eighty-one surgical tissue specimens of oral SCC containing different precancerous stages, along with ten of normal mucosa, were examined by immunohistochemistry for growth factors. In normal epithelia, perlecan and growth factors were not definitely expressed. In epithelial dysplasia, VEGF, SHH, KGF, Flt-1, and Flk-1were localized in the lower half of rete ridges (in concordance with perlecan, 33-100%), in which Ki-67 positive cells were densely packed. In CIS, perlecan and those growth factors/receptors were more strongly expressed in the cell proliferating zone (63-100%). In SCC, perlecan and KGF disappeared from carcinoma cells but emerged in the stromal space (65-100%), while VEGF, SHH, and VEGF receptors remained positive in SCC cells (0%). Immunofluorescence showed that the four growth factors were shown to be produced by three oral SCC cell lines and that their signals were partially overlapped with perlecan signals. The results indicate that perlecan and its binding growth factors are differentially expressed and function in specific manners before (dysplasia/CIS) and after (SCC) invasion of dysplasia/carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Hasegawa
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun Cheng
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maruyama
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Manabu Yamazaki
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Abé
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hamzah Babkair
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Chikara Saito
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Saku
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata, Japan.
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18
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Maruyama S, Yamazaki M, Abé T, Babkair H, Cheng J, Saku T. Paradental cyst is an inclusion cyst of the junctional/sulcular epithelium of the gingiva: histopathologic and immunohistochemical confirmation for its pathogenesis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 120:227-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Farrukh S, Syed S, Pervez S. Differential Expression of Cytokeratin 13 in Non-Neoplastic, Dysplastic and Neoplastic Oral Mucosa in a High Risk Pakistani Population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015. [PMID: 26225699 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.13.5489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gradual loss of cytokeratin 13 (CK13) may be linked with the severity of dysplastic changes and transformation to malignancy. In this study we assessed the differential expression of CK13 in normal, hyperplastic, dysplastic and cancerous oral mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 93 oral biopsies were collected during the 2011-2014 period. The biopsies were characterized as normal (19), hyperplastic (21), severely dysplastic/carcinoma in situ (16) and invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (37) after morphological assessment. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections were stained with a monoclonal antibody against CK13 using the Envision technique. Immunohistochemically stained slides were then analyzed for CK13 expression. RESULTS CK13 was consistently and diffusely expressed in all normal and hyperplastic tissue biopsies from oral mucosa. Severely dysplastic/carcinoma in situ biopsies showed complete loss in 50% of cases, while in the remaining 50% expression was very focal and weak. OSCC cases showed complete or near complete loss of CK13 in all cases. Few cases showed weak expression in keratin pearls only. CONCLUSIONS This study validates the utility of CK13 IHC as a useful immunohistochemical marker in routine diagnostic practice to make distinction between non-neoplastic from dysplastic and neoplastic (malignant) oral lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanniya Farrukh
- Department of Pathology, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan E-mail :
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20
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Al-Eryani K, Cheng J, Abé T, Maruyama S, Yamazaki M, Babkair H, Essa A, Saku T. Protease-activated receptor 2 modulates proliferation and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:991-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Mikami T, Maruyama S, Abé T, Kobayashi T, Yamazaki M, Funayama A, Shingaki S, Kobayashi T, Jun C, Saku T. Keratin 17 is co-expressed with 14-3-3 sigma in oral carcinoma in situ and squamous cell carcinoma and modulates cell proliferation and size but not cell migration. Virchows Arch 2015; 466:559-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Nobusawa A, Sano T, Negishi A, Yokoo S, Oyama T. Immunohistochemical staining patterns of cytokeratins 13, 14, and 17 in oral epithelial dysplasia including orthokeratotic dysplasia. Pathol Int 2014; 64:20-7. [PMID: 24471966 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of the exact grade of oral epithelial dysplasia is difficult, and interobserver variations in grading are common. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns of cytokeratins (CKs) in dysplastic oral epithelia, to identify useful double immunostaining diagnostic markers. Immunoexpression of CK13, CK14, CK17, and Ki-67 were investigated in 21 normal epithelial specimens and 146 epithelial dysplasia specimens. In epithelial dysplasia specimens, orthokeratotic dysplasia (OKD) was identified using CK10 immunostaining. Most mild dysplasia specimens were CK13+ and CK17-. In moderate dysplasia, CK13 expression tended to be lower and CK17 expression tended to be higher than in mild dysplasia. All carcinoma in situ (CIS) specimens were CK17+. In differentiated type CIS specimens, CK13 expression was weakly positive. Most epithelial dysplasia specimens were CK14+. There were no significant differences in the expression patterns of CKs between OKD and non-OKD specimens in any of the grades of dysplasia. These results indicate that CK14 expression can be used to detect early epithelial dysplasia, and that CK13 and CK17 expression are useful for detecting neoplastic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Nobusawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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23
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Yagyuu T, Obayashi C, Ueyama Y, Takano M, Tanaka Y, Kawaguchi M, Takeda M, Kasai T, Kirita T. Multivariate analyses of Ki-67, cytokeratin 13 and cytokeratin 17 in diagnosis and prognosis of oral precancerous lesions. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:523-31. [PMID: 25243470 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ki-67, cytokeratin 13, and/or cytokeratin 17 detection by immunohistochemistry has been reported to be useful for the diagnosis of oral precancerous lesions. However, the use of these markers remains controversial because of the lack of appropriately designed statistical studies. We assessed the hypothesis that Ki-67, cytokeratin 13, or cytokeratin 17 immunohistochemistry could facilitate the diagnosis of oral precancerous lesions and/or predict prognosis. METHODS Epithelial dysplasia was classified as low grade (none or mild dysplasia) or high grade (moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia, or carcinoma in situ). This study included 58 low-grade and 36 high-grade dysplasia cases. We used logistic regression to assess the diagnostic values of Ki-67, cytokeratin 13, and cytokeratin 17 for high-grade dysplasia. Correlations between these markers and the prognosis of oral atypical epithelium were assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS Ki-67 overexpression and cytokeratin 13 loss were independent diagnostic markers for high-grade dysplasia (odds ratios, 1.92 and 2.53; 95% confidence intervals, 1.03-3.58, and 1.19-5.38, respectively). The area under the curve of Ki-67 was 0.73 and that of cytokeratin 13 was 0.72. However, the combination of Ki-67 and cytokeratin 13 yielded the area under the curve of 0.78. Ki-67 overexpression was significantly associated with recurrence and/or malignant transformation of oral atypical epithelium (hazard ratio, 7.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-48.92). CONCLUSIONS Ki-67 overexpression and cytokeratin 13 loss may be useful for distinguishing oral precancerous lesions from reactive atypical epithelium. Moreover, Ki-67 overexpression may be a risk factor for recurrence and/or malignant transformation of oral atypical epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yagyuu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Chiho Obayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ueyama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Masato Takano
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuu Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kawaguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Maiko Takeda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kasai
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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Carcinoma in-situ of the oral mucosa: Its pathological diagnostic concept based on the recognition of histological varieties proposed in the JSOP Oral CIS Catalog. JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Intraoperative assessment of surgical margins of oral squamous cell carcinoma using frozen sections: a practical clinicopathological management for recurrences. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:823968. [PMID: 25050372 PMCID: PMC4094714 DOI: 10.1155/2014/823968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background. Local recurrence remains a challenging clinical issue for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We analyzed retrospectively how effective the frozen section technique (FS) was against recurrences of oral SCC. Methods. We screened 343 surgical samples from 236 patients who had oral SCC, carcinoma in situ (CIS), or epithelial dysplasia, and we followed up their clinical outcomes for at least 5 years. Histopathological states of surgical margins were compared between FS and surgical materials in relapse and relapse-free groups, respectively. Results. Among the 236 patients, 191 were classified into the relapse-free group, and 45 into the relapse group. FS was more frequently performed in the relapse-free group (128/191) than in the relapse group (83/152). Histopathologically, moderate dysplasia or CIS (borderline malignancies) and SCC were recognized in 55 samples of the relapse-free group and in 57 of the relapse group. For those surgical margins with borderline malignancies, additional incisions were performed in 38 of the 55 relapse-free cases, which reduced to 20 from the 38 margins with borderline malignancies (47.4% reduction), and in 39 of the 57 relapse cases, which reduced to only 3 of 39 (7.7% reduction). Conclusions. The intraoperative assessment of surgical margins by FS is essential in preventing recurrences of oral mucosal malignancies.
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Essa AAM, Yamazaki M, Maruyama S, Abé T, Babkair H, Cheng J, Saku T. Keratin pearl degradation in oral squamous cell carcinoma: reciprocal roles of neutrophils and macrophages. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 43:778-84. [PMID: 24931829 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have reported that neutrophilic infiltration was associated with round-shaped dyskeratosis foci, a kind of keratin pearl, of oral carcinoma in situ and that those inflammatory cells are recruited from intra-epithelially entrapped blood vessels. Based on these lines of evidence, we have formulated a hypothesis that keratin pearls are terminally degraded by neutrophils. To confirm this hypothesis, we investigated immunohistochemically stepwise degradation of keratin pearls in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) to clarify any other type scavenger cells in addition to neutrophils are involved in this particular degradation process. METHODS Neutrophils (neutrophil elastase) and macrophage subpopulations (CD68, CD163 and CD204) were immunohistochemically localized in 30 cases of oral SCC with typical round-shaped keratin pearls. SCC cells were revealed by immunohistochemistry for keratin (K) 17, and blood vessels were demonstrated by CD31. RESULTS Keratin pearl degradation process was divided into four steps: (i) intact stage: no macrophage infiltration but minimal neutrophils were found in keratin pearls; (ii) neutrophil recruit stage: no macrophage infiltration but focal neutrophilic infiltration within the pearls; (iii) neutrophil predominant stage: dense neutrophil infiltration with minimal macrophages and segregated keratinized cancer cells strongly positive for K17; and (iv) macrophage predominant stage: dense infiltration of CD68-, CD163 (mononuclear)- and CD204 (multinucleated)-positive macrophages engulfing detached keratinized SCC cells. CONCLUSION Keratin pearl degradation in oral SCC is strictly regulated by two types of scavenger cells: neutrophils, which perform initial tasks, and macrophages, which reciprocally take over from neutrophils the role to finalize the degradation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A M Essa
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Maruyama S, Shimazu Y, Kudo T, Sato K, Yamazaki M, Abé T, Babkair H, Cheng J, Aoba T, Saku T. Three-dimensional visualization of perlecan-rich neoplastic stroma induced concurrently with the invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 43:627-36. [PMID: 24697873 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have demonstrated the induction of perlecan-rich stroma of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) on and after its start of invasion. However, it remains unknown how such a neoplastic stroma is actually arranged in tumor tissues. METHODS To this end, tissue microarray samples, in which keratin and perlecan were contrastively labeled by immunohistochemistry, were three-dimensionally analyzed using digital images and image analysis software to demonstrate the relationship between SCC foci and the perlecan-positive stromal space or that between carcinoma in situ (CIS) and invasive SCC foci. RESULTS The three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction demonstrated three kinds of perlecan profiles for inside (I) and outside (O) areas of the carcinoma cell focus: mode 1, I(+)/O(-) ; mode 2, I(+)/O(+) ; and mode 3, I(-)/O(+). Mode 1 was seen in CIS as well as SCC tumor massifs in the surface part. Mode 2 was seen in small SCC foci, which seemed isolated in 2D sections but were mostly continuous with the tumor massif in 3D reconstructions. Mode 3 was limited to small SCC foci, which were truly segregated from the tumor massif. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the 2D SCC focus isolation could not be regarded as invasion but that the SCC foci surrounded by perlecan-positive stroma (modes 2 and 3) could be regarded as a more objective measure for invasion of SCC. This is the first 3D tissue-level demonstration of the neoplastic stroma space induced with oral SCC invasion, the presence of which we have predicted based on our previous 2D and tissue culture evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Maruyama
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata, Japan
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Al-Eryani K, Cheng J, Abé T, Yamazaki M, Maruyama S, Tsuneki M, Essa A, Babkair H, Saku T. Hemophagocytosis-mediated keratinization in oral carcinoma in situ and squamous cell carcinoma: A possible histopathogenesis of keratin pearls. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1977-88. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Cheng
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata; Japan
| | | | - Manabu Yamazaki
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata; Japan
| | - Satoshi Maruyama
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology; Niigata University Hospital; Niigata; Japan
| | - Masayuki Tsuneki
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata; Japan
| | - Ahmed Essa
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata; Japan
| | - Hamzah Babkair
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata; Japan
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Kobayashi T, Maruyama S, Abé T, Cheng J, Takagi R, Saito C, Saku T. Keratin 10-positive orthokeratotic dysplasia: a new leucoplakia-type precancerous entity of the oral mucosa. Histopathology 2012; 61:910-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2012.04283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Loss of keratin 13 in oral carcinoma in situ: a comparative study of protein and gene expression levels using paraffin sections. Mod Pathol 2012; 25:784-94. [PMID: 22301701 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2011.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical loss of keratin (K)13 is one of the most valuable diagnostic criteria for discriminating carcinoma in situ (CIS) from non-malignancies in the oral mucosa while K13 is stably immunolocalized in the prickle cells of normal oral epithelium. To elucidate the molecular mechanism for the loss of K13, we compared the immunohistochemical profiles for K13 and K16 which is not expressed in normal epithelia, but instead enhanced in CIS, with their mRNA levels by in-situ hybridization in formalin-fixed paraffin sections prepared from 23 CIS cases of the tongue, which were surgically removed. Reverse transcriptase-PCR was also performed using RNA samples extracted from laser-microdissected epithelial fragments of the serial paraffin sections in seven of the cases. Although more enhanced expression levels for K16 were confirmed at both the protein and gene levels in CIS in these seven cases, the loss of K13 was associated with repressed mRNA levels in four cases, but not in the other three cases. The results suggest that the loss of K13 is partly due to its gene repression, but may also be due to some unknown post-translational events.
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Metwaly H, Maruyama S, Yamazaki M, Tsuneki M, Abé T, Jen KY, Cheng J, Saku T. Parenchymal-stromal switching for extracellular matrix production on invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2012; 43:1973-81. [PMID: 22575259 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It is poorly understood which cell type, tumor cells, or stromal cells are responsible for the production of extracellular matrix molecules in the neoplastic stroma. We studied the expression of 4 extracellular matrix molecules at the protein and messenger RNA levels in monocellular and 2 kinds of coculture systems between human squamous cell carcinoma (ZK-1) and fibroblast (OF-1) cell lines, which may correspond to carcinoma in situ and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. Squamous cell carcinoma and carcinoma in situ tissue sections were also investigated by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for extracellular matrix. Immunohistochemically, perlecan and tenascin C were localized in carcinoma cells in carcinoma in situ, whereas they were in the stromal space in squamous cell carcinoma. In monocellular culture conditions, expression levels for perlecan, tenascin C, and laminin were more predominant in ZK-1 than in OF-1, although those for fibronectin were more enhanced in OF-1. However, these extracellular matrix expression levels of OF-1 were elevated, whereas those of ZK-1 dropped when they were in coculture conditions. The differences between ZK-1 and OF-1 were significantly more evident in direct contact (ZK-1/OF-1, 56%-22%) than in indirect contact (63%-39%). These results indicate that oral squamous cell carcinoma cells produce extracellular matrix in the absence of stromal fibroblasts (or in carcinoma in situ) and that they stop producing extracellular matrix in the presence of fibroblasts (or in squamous cell carcinoma). It is hence suggested that stromal fibroblasts after direct contact with invading squamous cell carcinoma cells are more responsible than squamous cell carcinoma cells for the formation of neoplastic stroma, whereas carcinoma in situ cells have to produce and deposit extracellular matrix by themselves to form intraepithelial microstromal spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy Metwaly
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
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Intraepithelially entrapped blood vessels in oral carcinoma in-situ. Virchows Arch 2012; 460:473-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-012-1224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Tsuneki M, Maruyama S, Yamazaki M, Cheng J, Saku T. Podoplanin expression profiles characteristic of odontogenic tumor-specific tissue architectures. Pathol Res Pract 2012; 208:140-6. [PMID: 22326634 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Podoplanin, a representative immunohistochemical marker for lymphatic endothelial cells, is also expressed in many other kinds of cancer cells, although its pathophysiological function is largely unknown. Our aim was to determine immunolocalization modes of podoplanin among odontogenic tumors to discuss possible roles of podoplanin in their characteristic tissue architecture formation. Immunohistochemical profiles of podoplanin were investigated in 40 surgical specimens from ameloblastoma (AM), adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT), calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT), and keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) in comparison with those of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), integrin β1, fibronectin, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). Podoplanin was localized in the basal cell layer or in the peripheral zone of AM foci. It was found in spindle-shaped tumor cells of AOT, in both the basal and polyhedral cells of CCOT, and in the basal and parabasal cells of KCOT linings. Podoplanin-positive (+) cells were located within areas of PCNA+ cells, and integrin β1 was localized in the cell membrane of podoplanin+ cells in the intercellular space where fibronectin and MMP-9 were deposited. In conclusion, podoplanin+ cells and areas in odontogenic tumors are in close associations with extracellular matrix signalings as well as cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Tsuneki
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Alvarado CG, Maruyama S, Cheng J, Ida-Yonemochi H, Kobayashi T, Yamazaki M, Takagi R, Saku T. Nuclear translocation of β-catenin synchronized with loss of E-cadherin in oral epithelial dysplasia with a characteristic two-phase appearance. Histopathology 2012; 59:283-91. [PMID: 21884207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03929.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS One of the important histopathological characteristics of oral epithelial dysplasia is a two-phase appearance of rete processes, comprising an upper layer of keratinized cells and a lower layer of basaloid cells, and thereby creating a sharp contrast between these two separate cell populations. The aim of this study was to determine the cellular adhesion status of the basaloid cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemistry for β-catenin, E-cadherin and their related molecules was carried out in surgical specimens of two-phase epithelial dysplasia of the oral mucosa. The lower-half basaloid cells and the upper keratinized cells were microdissected separately, and extracted DNA samples were subjected to methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction amplification for E-cadherin. β-Catenin was immunolocalized within the nuclei and cytoplasm of Ki67-positive lower-half basaloid cells, as well as on the cell membrane of upper parakeratotic cells. The basaloid cells of the lower-half were also positive for matrix metalloproteinase-7 and cyclin D1, β-catenin target gene products, α-dystroglycan, tenascin-C, and perlecan, but not for E-cadherin. The promoter region of the E-cadherin gene was hypermethylated. CONCLUSIONS The solid proliferation of lower-half E-cadherin-free basaloid cells is enhanced by Wnt signalling cascades, as well as by the intraepithelial extracellular matrix or its bound growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G Alvarado
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
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Saito M, Kobyashi T, Takagi R, Saku T. Clinicopathological distinction of two categories of oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: de novo vs. sequential types. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3353/omp.16.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Saito
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Takanori Kobyashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital
| | - Ritsuo Takagi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Takashi Saku
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
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Funayama A, Cheng J, Maruyama S, Yamazaki M, Kobayashi T, Syafriadi M, Kundu S, Shingaki S, Saito C, Saku T. Enhanced expression of podoplanin in oral carcinomas in situ and squamous cell carcinomas. Pathobiology 2011; 78:171-80. [PMID: 21613804 DOI: 10.1159/000324926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Podoplanin, a known lymphatic endothelial cell marker, has been reported to be expressed in various types of cancer. To elucidate the expression of podoplanin in precancerous lesions, we examined the immunohistochemical profiles of podoplanin in oral squamous epithelial lesions. METHOD We studied a total of 298 foci of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), carcinoma in situ (CIS), epithelial dysplasia, and hyperplastic and/or normal epithelial lesions by immunohistochemistry using D2-40. RESULTS There was no positivity for podoplanin in normal or hyperplastic epithelia, while all of the CIS and SCC foci stained positive. Approximately one third of the mild dysplasia foci (10 of 36 foci, 28%) and 80% of moderate dysplasia foci (78/98) showed grade 1 positive reactions (positive only in the 1st layer). Grade 2 reactions (up to 4th layer) were seen in 4 of 98 moderate dysplasia foci (4%), 29 of 74 CIS foci (39%), and 3 of 30 SCC foci (10%). Grade 3 reactions (to more than 5th layer) were found in 35 (47%) CIS foci and 26 (87%) SCC foci. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between the present histological categorization and podoplanin grade was statistically significant. D2-40 expression is considered to be related to the severity of oral precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Funayama
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
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Emergence of keratin 17 vs. loss of keratin 13: their reciprocal immunohistochemical profiles in oral carcinoma in situ. Oral Oncol 2011; 47:497-503. [PMID: 21489858 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate differential expressions for keratin (K) subtypes 13 and 17 in oral borderline malignancies, we examined 67 surgical specimens of the oral mucosa for their immunohistochemical profiles. From those specimens, 173 foci of epithelial dysplasia, 152 foci of carcinoma in situ (CIS), and 82 foci of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were selected according to our diagnostic criteria, along with 20 areas of normal epithelia. In normal epithelia, there was no K17 positivity (0%), whereas definite K13 positivity (100%) was observed. The same tendencies were obtained in mild (undefined) and moderate (true) epithelial dysplasias (K17: 0%; K13: 100%). In contrast, all CIS (100%) had K17 positivities, while K13 positivities were lost in many of them (7%). Similar tendencies were confirmed in invasive SCC (K17: 100%, K13: 4%). Simultaneous immunopositivities for K17 and K13 were found only in SCC (7%) and CIS (4%) foci with distinct keratinization. These foci also showed K10 positivities, though K10 positive areas were not identical to K13 positive areas. The results indicate that expressions of K17 and K13 are reciprocal in oral epithelial lesions and that the K17 emergence is related to malignancies.
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Ahsan MDS, Maruyama S, Cheng J, Al-Eryani K, Yamazaki M, Hasegawa M, Tsuneki M, Saku T. Acetic acid treatment for wrinkle-free oral mucosal epithelia in paraffin section preparation. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 74:264-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ahsan MS, Yamazaki M, Maruyama S, Kobayashi T, Ida-Yonemochi H, Hasegawa M, Henry Ademola A, Cheng J, Saku T. Differential expression of perlecan receptors, α-dystroglycan and integrin β1, before and after invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 40:552-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00990.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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40
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Sami MM, Saito M, Muramatsu S, Mikami T, Al-Eryani K, Sawair FA, Eid RA, Cheng J, Kikuchi H, Saku T. Twin-pair rete ridge analysis: a computer-aided method for facilitating objective histopathological distinction between epithelial dysplasia and carcinoma in-situ of the oral mucosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3353/omp.14.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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