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Shanthikumar S, Neeland MN, Saffery R, Ranganathan S. Gene modifiers of cystic fibrosis lung disease: A systematic review. Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54:1356-1366. [PMID: 31140758 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung disease is the major source of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF), with large variability in severity between patients. Although accurate prediction of lung disease severity would be extremely useful, no robust methods exist. Twin and sibling studies have highlighted the importance of non-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) genes in determining lung disease severity but how these impact on the severity in CF remains unclear. METHODS A systematic review was undertaken to answer the question "In patients with CF which non-CFTR genes modify the severity of lung disease?" The method for this systematic review was based upon the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)" statement, with a narrative synthesis of results planned. RESULTS A total of 1168 articles were screened for inclusion, with 275 articles undergoing detailed assessment for inclusion. One hundred and forty articles were included. Early studies focused on candidate genes, whereas more recent studies utilized genome-wide approaches and also examined epigenetic mechanisms, gene expression, and therapeutic response. DISCUSSION A large body of evidence regarding non-CFTR gene modifiers of lung disease severity has been generated, examining a wide array of genes. Limitations to existing studies include heterogeneity in outcome measures used, limited replication, and relative lack of clinical impact. Future work examining non-CFTR gene modifiers will have to overcome these limitations if gene modifiers are to have a meaningful role in the care of patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanthan Shanthikumar
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Respiratory Diseases Department, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melanie N Neeland
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Australia.,Centre of Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Australia.,Cancer & Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarath Ranganathan
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Respiratory Diseases Department, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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Smith DJ, Klein K, Hartel G, Wainwright CE, Bell SC, Anderson GJ, Reid DW. Mutations in the HFE gene can be associated with increased lung disease severity in cystic fibrosis. Gene 2019; 683:12-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Joly P, Vignaud H, Di Martino J, Ruiz M, Garin R, Restier L, Belmalih A, Marchal C, Cullin C, Arveiler B, Fergelot P, Gitler AD, Lachaux A, Couthouis J, Bouchecareilh M. ERAD defects and the HFE-H63D variant are associated with increased risk of liver damages in Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179369. [PMID: 28617828 PMCID: PMC5472284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common and severe disease causing allele of Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency (1ATD) is Z-1AT. This protein aggregates in the endoplasmic reticulum, which is the main cause of liver disease in childhood. Based on recent evidences and on the frequency of liver disease occurrence in Z-1AT patients, it seems that liver disease progression is linked to still unknown genetic factors. METHODS We used an innovative approach combining yeast genetic screens with next generation exome sequencing to identify and functionally characterize the genes involved in 1ATD associated liver disease. RESULTS Using yeast genetic screens, we identified HRD1, an Endoplasmic Reticulum Associated Degradation (ERAD) associated protein, as an inducer of Z-mediated toxicity. Whole exome sequencing of 1ATD patients resulted in the identification of two variants associated with liver damages in Z-1AT homozygous cases: HFE H63D and HERPUD1 R50H. Functional characterization in Z-1AT model cell lines demonstrated that impairment of the ERAD machinery combined with the HFE H63D variant expression decreased both cell proliferation and cell viability, while Unfolded Protein Response (UPR)-mediated cell death was hyperstimulated. CONCLUSION This powerful experimental pipeline allowed us to identify and functionally validate two genes involved in Z-1AT-mediated severe liver toxicity. This pilot study moves forward our understanding on genetic modifiers involved in 1ATD and highlights the UPR pathway as a target for the treatment of liver diseases associated with 1ATD. Finally, these findings support a larger scale screening for HERPUD1 R50H and HFE H63D variants in the sub-group of 1ATD patients developing significant chronic hepatic injuries (hepatomegaly, chronic cholestasis, elevated liver enzymes) and at risk developing liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Joly
- University Lyon - University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - EA 7424 – Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Science, Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et biologie moléculaire Grand-Est, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Vignaud
- CNRS, University Bordeaux, UMR5095 Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Di Martino
- CNRS, University Bordeaux, UMR5095 Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, University Bordeaux, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathias Ruiz
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Roman Garin
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lioara Restier
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Abdelouahed Belmalih
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Marchal
- CNRS, University Bordeaux, UMR5095 Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Cullin
- CNRS, University Bordeaux, UMR5095 Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Arveiler
- University Bordeaux, INSERM U1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Patricia Fergelot
- University Bordeaux, INSERM U1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Aaron D. Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Alain Lachaux
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Couthouis
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Marion Bouchecareilh
- CNRS, University Bordeaux, UMR5095 Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, University Bordeaux, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail:
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Weiler CA, Drumm ML. Genetic influences on cystic fibrosis lung disease severity. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:40. [PMID: 23630497 PMCID: PMC3632778 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the causes of variation in clinical manifestations of disease should allow for design of new or improved therapeutic strategies to treat the disease. If variation is caused by genetic differences between individuals, identifying the genes involved should present therapeutic targets, either in the proteins encoded by those genes or the pathways in which they function. The technology to identify and genotype the millions of variants present in the human genome has evolved rapidly over the past two decades. Originally only a small number of polymorphisms in a small number of subjects could be studied realistically, but speed and scope have increased nearly as dramatically as cost has decreased, making it feasible to determine genotypes of hundreds of thousands of polymorphisms in thousands of subjects. The use of such genetic technology has been applied to cystic fibrosis (CF) to identify genetic variation that alters the outcome of this single gene disorder. Candidate gene strategies to identify these variants, referred to as “modifier genes,” has yielded several genes that act in pathways known to be important in CF and for these the clinical implications are relatively clear. More recently, whole-genome surveys that probe hundreds of thousands of variants have been carried out and have identified genes and chromosomal regions for which a role in CF is not at all clear. Identification of these genes is exciting, as it provides the possibility for new areas of therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen A Weiler
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA
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Reddel HK, Lim TK, Mishima M, Wainwright CE, Knight DA. Year-in-review 2010: asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis and airway biology. Respirology 2011; 16:540-52. [PMID: 21338438 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.01949.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Reddel
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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