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Pulmonary Fibrosis as a Result of Acute Lung Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms, Relevant In Vivo Models, Prognostic and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314959. [PMID: 36499287 PMCID: PMC9735580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive lung disease that steadily leads to lung architecture disruption and respiratory failure. The development of pulmonary fibrosis is mostly the result of previous acute lung inflammation, caused by a wide variety of etiological factors, not resolved over time and causing the deposition of fibrotic tissue in the lungs. Despite a long history of study and good coverage of the problem in the scientific literature, the effective therapeutic approaches for pulmonary fibrosis treatment are currently lacking. Thus, the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the transition from acute lung inflammation to pulmonary fibrosis, and the search for new molecular markers and promising therapeutic targets to prevent pulmonary fibrosis development, remain highly relevant tasks. This review focuses on the etiology, pathogenesis, morphological characteristics and outcomes of acute lung inflammation as a precursor of pulmonary fibrosis; the pathomorphological changes in the lungs during fibrosis development; the known molecular mechanisms and key players of the signaling pathways mediating acute lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis, as well as the characteristics of the most common in vivo models of these processes. Moreover, the prognostic markers of acute lung injury severity and pulmonary fibrosis development as well as approved and potential therapeutic approaches suppressing the transition from acute lung inflammation to fibrosis are discussed.
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2
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Review: Serum Biomarkers of Lung Fibrosis in Interstitial Pneumonia with Autoimmune Features-What Do We Already Know? J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010079. [PMID: 35011819 PMCID: PMC8745166 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) belongs to a group of diseases called interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), which are disorders of a varied prognosis and course. Finding sufficiently specific and sensitive biomarkers would enable the progression to be predicted, the natural history to be monitored and patients to be stratified according to their treatment. To assess the significance of pulmonary fibrosis biomarkers studied thus far, we searched the PubMed, Medline and Cochrane Library databases for papers published between January 2015 and June 2021. We focused on circulating biomarkers. A primary review of the databases identified 38 articles of potential interest. Overall, seven articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. This review aims to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of molecules such as KL-6, SP-A, SP-D, circulating fibrocytes, CCL2, CXCL13, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. All of these biomarkers have previously been studied in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD). IPAF is a disorder of a heterogeneous nature. It explains the lack of coherent observations in terms of correlations with functional parameters. There is still no meta-analysis of pulmonary fibrosis biomarkers in IPAF. This is mainly due to the heterogeneity of the methodology and groups analysed in the research. More research in this area is needed.
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3
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Just SA, Nielsen C, Werlinrud JC, Larsen PV, Hejbøl EK, Tenstad HB, Daa Schrøder H, Barington T, Torfing T, Humby F, Lindegaard H. Fibrocytes in early and long-standing rheumatoid arthritis: a 6-month trial with repeated synovial biopsy, imaging and lung function test. RMD Open 2021; 7:rmdopen-2020-001494. [PMID: 33674419 PMCID: PMC7938972 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To correlate the level of fibrocytes in peripheral blood, synovial tissue and in vitro culture in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with changes in disease activity, imaging and pulmonary function. Methods Twenty patients with early RA (ERA) and 20 patients with long-standing RA (LRA) were enrolled in a 6-month prospective study. Sixteen patients undergoing wrist arthroscopy were healthy controls. Patients with RA underwent pulmonary function tests, ultrasound and synovial ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of the same wrist at baseline and 6 months. Wrist MRI was performed at baseline (all) and 6 months (ERA). Circulating fibrocytes were measured by flow cytometry, in vitro by the number of monocytes that were differentiated to fibrocytes and in synovial biopsies by counting in histological sections. Results Fibrocytes were primarily located around vessels and in the subintimal area in the synovium. Fibrocyte levels did not decline during the trial despite effective RA treatment. In the ERA group, increased synovitis assessed by ultrasound was moderate and strongly correlated with an increase in circulating and synovial fibrocyte levels, respectively. Increased synovitis assessed by MRI during the trial in the ERA group was moderately correlated with both increased numbers of circulating and cultured fibrocytes. Absolute diffusion capacity level was overall weakly negatively correlated with the level of circulating and synovial fibrocytes. The decline in diffusion capacity during the trial was moderately correlated with increased levels of synovial fibrocytes. Conclusion Our findings suggest that fibrocytes are involved in RA pathogenesis, both in the synovium and the reduction in lung function seen in a part of patients with RA. Trial registration number NCT02652299.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Andreas Just
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark .,Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Svendborg Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Christian Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Pia Veldt Larsen
- Mental Health Services, Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Helene Broch Tenstad
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Svendborg Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark
| | | | - Torben Barington
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Trine Torfing
- Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Frances Humby
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, Barts and The London NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Hanne Lindegaard
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark
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Stewart ID, Nanji H, Figueredo G, Fahy WA, Maher TM, Ask AJ, Maharaj S, Ask K, Kolb M, Jenkins GR. Circulating fibrocytes are not disease-specific prognosticators in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.00172-2021. [PMID: 33766945 PMCID: PMC8295504 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00172-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A number of previous studies have observed greater levels of circulating fibrocytes in interstitial lung disease compared to healthy controls, and suggest a prognostic role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) [1–4]. Fibrocytes are circulating mesenchymal progenitor cells that differentiate into tissue specific fibroblasts and contribute to multiple wound healing processes, including secretion of inflammatory cytokines, contractile wound closure and promotion of angiogenesis [5]. However, the contribution of fibrocytes to the pathogenesis of progressive pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear and clinical observations require independent validation in prospective cohorts. In people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, circulating fibrocytes ≥2.2% were associated with a greater risk of mortality over a median 3 years of follow-up, but were not associated with disease-related decline in lung function or short-term progression.https://bit.ly/3bWydwQ
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain D Stewart
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK .,Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Henry Nanji
- Advanced Data Analysis Centre, School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Grazziela Figueredo
- Advanced Data Analysis Centre, School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - William A Fahy
- Discovery Medicine, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Toby M Maher
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,National Institute of Health Research, Clinical Research Facility, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,Hastings Centre for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Antje J Ask
- Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shyam Maharaj
- Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kjetil Ask
- Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Kolb
- Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - Gisli R Jenkins
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Authors contributed equally to this manuscript
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5
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Sato S, Chong SG, Upagupta C, Yanagihara T, Saito T, Shimbori C, Bellaye PS, Nishioka Y, Kolb MR. Fibrotic extracellular matrix induces release of extracellular vesicles with pro-fibrotic miRNA from fibrocytes. Thorax 2021; 76:895-906. [PMID: 33859055 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid vesicles, and EV-coupled microRNAs (miRNAs) are important modulators of biological processes. Fibrocytes are circulating bone marrow-derived cells that migrate into the injured lungs and contribute to fibrogenesis. The question of whether EV-coupled miRNAs derived from fibrocytes are able to regulate pulmonary fibrosis has not been addressed yet. METHODS Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in rats by intratracheal administration of an adenoviral gene vector encoding active transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) or control vector. Primary fibrocytes and fibroblasts were cultured from rat lungs and were sorted by anti-CD45 magnetic beads. Human circulating fibrocytes and fibrocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were isolated by fibronectin-coated dishes. Fibrocytes were cultured on different stiffness plates or decellularised lung scaffolds. We also determined the effects of extracellular matrix (ECM) and recombinant TGF-β1 on the cellular and EV-coupled miRNA expression of fibrocytes. RESULTS The EVs of fibrocytes derived from fibrotic lungs significantly upregulated the expression of col1a1 of fibroblasts. Culturing on rigid plates or fibrotic decellularised lung scaffolds increased miR-21-5 p expression compared with soft plates or normal lung scaffolds. Dissolved ECM collected from fibrotic lungs and recombinant TGF-β1 increased miR-21-5 p expression on fibrocytes, and these effects were attenuated on soft plates. Fibrocytes from BALF collected from fibrotic interstitial pneumonia patients showed higher miR-21-5 p expression than those from other patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that ECM contributes to fibrogenesis through biomechanical and biochemical effects on miRNA expression in fibrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seidai Sato
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sy Giin Chong
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chandak Upagupta
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Toyoshi Yanagihara
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Takuya Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Chiko Shimbori
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pierre-Simon Bellaye
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Martin Rj Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Nikam VS, Nikam S, Sydykov A, Ahlbrecht K, Morty RE, Seeger W, Voswinckel R. Implication of in vivo circulating fibrocytes ablation in experimental pulmonary hypertension murine model. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2974-2990. [PMID: 32060903 PMCID: PMC7279988 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recruitment and involvement of bone-/blood-derived circulating fibrocytes (CF) in the promotion of fibrotic tissue remodelling processes have been shown. However, their direct contribution to pathological changes is not clear. The present study investigates the causal role of CF in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH For selective ablation of CF, we applied the suicidal gene strategy with herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) and ganciclovir. The transgenic mice were generated, having HSV-TK-GFP transgene under the collagen 1 promoter. To selectively target CF, HSV-TK-GFP+ bone marrow transplanted into irradiated wild type mice. These chimera mice were subjected to hypoxia for PH induction and ganciclovir for CF ablation. KEY RESULTS In vivo CF ablation reduced right ventricular hypertrophy and vascular remodelling with reduced total collagen content. We quantified the CF recruited in the perivascular area and arterial wall of small pulmonary arteries. There was significant recruitment of CF in the lung in response to hypoxia. The characterization of CF showed the expression of CD45 and collagen1 (GFP) along with α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our data demonstrated that CF ablation has a potential impact on right ventricular hypertrophy and vascular remodelling in the setting of experimental pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxia. The beneficial effects may be related to the direct contribution of fibrocytes or its paracrine effect on other resident cell types. Thus, clinical manipulation of CF may represent a novel therapeutic approach to ameliorate the disease state in pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana S. Nikam
- Department of Lung Development and RemodelingMax‐Planck‐Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Sandeep Nikam
- Department of Lung Development and RemodelingMax‐Planck‐Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Akyl Sydykov
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Giessen Lung Centre, University Hospital Giessen and MarburgGiessenGermany
| | - Katrin Ahlbrecht
- Department of Lung Development and RemodelingMax‐Planck‐Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Giessen Lung Centre, University Hospital Giessen and MarburgGiessenGermany
| | - Rory E. Morty
- Department of Lung Development and RemodelingMax‐Planck‐Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Lung Development and RemodelingMax‐Planck‐Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Giessen Lung Centre, University Hospital Giessen and MarburgGiessenGermany
| | - Robert Voswinckel
- Department of Lung Development and RemodelingMax‐Planck‐Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Giessen Lung Centre, University Hospital Giessen and MarburgGiessenGermany
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Jee AS, Sahhar J, Youssef P, Bleasel J, Adelstein S, Nguyen M, Corte TJ. Review: Serum biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and systemic sclerosis associated interstitial lung disease – frontiers and horizons. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 202:40-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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8
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Wang D, Yan Z, Bu L, An C, Deng B, Zhang J, Rao J, Cheng L, Zhang J, Zhang B, Xie J. Protective effect of peptide DR8 on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the TGF-β/MAPK signaling pathway and oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 382:114703. [PMID: 31398421 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a fatal and irreversible lung disease that eventually causes respiratory failure, lung dysfunction and death. The peptide DHNNPQIR-NH2 (DR8) has been reported to possess potent antioxidant activity, and an imbalance of oxidation/antioxidation is a crucial mechanism that causes PF. Here, we studied the ability of DR8 to improve PF and further explored the pathway in which DR8 plays a critical role. We found that after prophylactic or therapeutic treatment with DR8, fibrosis-associated indices, including marker proteins, proinflammatory cytokines and profibrogenic cytokines, were significantly downregulated. Importantly, DR8 could reduce bleomycin-induced pathological changes and collagen deposition, especially collagen I content. Furthermore, DR8 prominently upregulated nonenzymatic antioxidants and enzymatic antioxidants. Consistent with the in vivo results, we observed that DR8 significantly inhibited the proliferation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation of A549 cells and NIH3T3 cells stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), as well as decreased NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) levels under the same conditions. Moreover, DR8 reversed the TGF-β1-induced upregulation of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in cells and the bleomycin-induced upregulation of these indices in mice. Our results indicate that DR8 could prevent and treat PF by reducing oxidative damage and suppressing the TGF-β/MAPK pathway. Because of the high efficiency and low toxicity of DR8, we consider that DR8 could be a candidate drug for PF, and our studies establish a foundation for the development of a lead compound to be used as a therapy for fibrosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhibin Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lili Bu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chunmei An
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bochuan Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jing Rao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Junqiu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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9
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Heukels P, Moor C, von der Thüsen J, Wijsenbeek M, Kool M. Inflammation and immunity in IPF pathogenesis and treatment. Respir Med 2019; 147:79-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Inchingolo R, Varone F, Sgalla G, Richeldi L. Existing and emerging biomarkers for disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Expert Rev Respir Med 2018; 13:39-51. [DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2019.1553620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Inchingolo
- Pulmonary Medicine Unit, Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Varone
- Pulmonary Medicine Unit, Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Sgalla
- Pulmonary Medicine Unit, Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Pulmonary Medicine Unit, Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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11
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Tai W, Zhou Z, Zheng B, Li J, Ding J, Wu H, Gao L, Dong Z. Inhibitory effect of circulating fibrocytes on injury repair in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome mice model. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7982-7990. [PMID: 29323734 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The study was aimed to explore the functions of circulating fibrocytes (CFs) on injury repair in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) mice model and its clinical value as a biomarker for ALI/ARDS. ALI/ARDS mice model was established by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood of ALI/ARDS model and flow cytometry was used to measure CFs defined as cells positive for CD45 and collagen-1. Histological changes of lung tissues were evaluated by H&E staining and Masson's trichrome staining. The correlations of CFs counts with damnification of lung tissue and the severity of pulmonary fibrosis were evaluated by Pearson correlation analyses. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of collagen-1. ELISA was applied to determine cytokine CXCL12 concentration. Clinical relevance between CFs and ALI/ARDS was investigated. The greater number of CFs in the ALI/ARDS group implied higher degree of lung injury and more severe pulmonary fibrosis. The protein expression of collagen-1 and concentration of cytokine CXCL12 in ALI/ARDS group were higher than that in control group. Clinical and prognostic analysis revealed the higher injury degree and death rates in ALI/ARDS group than those in control group, and identified a greater severity and mortality for patients with ARDS than those with ALI. ROC curve analysis indicated the counts of CFs greater than 5.85% can predict death rates with AUC = 0.928. CFs had an inhibitory effect on injury repair in ALI/ARDS mice model. This might be unfavorable as a clinical marker for progression of ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Tai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zeping Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Boyang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiawei Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hanxin Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhaoxing Dong
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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12
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Heukels P, van Hulst JAC, van Nimwegen M, Boorsma CE, Melgert BN, van den Toorn LM, Boomars KAT, Wijsenbeek MS, Hoogsteden H, von der Thüsen JH, Hendriks RW, Kool M, van den Blink B. Fibrocytes are increased in lung and peripheral blood of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2018; 19:90. [PMID: 29747640 PMCID: PMC5946532 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibrocytes are implicated in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) pathogenesis and increased proportions in the circulation are associated with poor prognosis. Upon tissue injury, fibrocytes migrate to the affected organ. In IPF patients, circulating fibrocytes are increased especially during exacerbations, however fibrocytes in the lungs have not been examined. Therefore, we sought to evaluate if fibrocytes can be detected in IPF lungs and we compare percentages and phenotypic characteristics of lung fibrocytes with circulating fibrocytes in IPF. Methods First we optimized flow cytometric detection circulating fibrocytes using a unique combination of intra- and extra-cellular markers to establish a solid gating strategy. Next we analyzed lung fibrocytes in single cell suspensions of explanted IPF and control lungs and compared characteristics and numbers with circulating fibrocytes of IPF. Results Using a gating strategy for both circulating and lung fibrocytes, which excludes potentially contaminating cell populations (e.g. neutrophils and different leukocyte subsets), we show that patients with IPF have increased proportions of fibrocytes, not only in the circulation, but also in explanted end-stage IPF lungs. These lung fibrocytes have increased surface expression of HLA-DR, increased intracellular collagen-1 expression, and also altered forward and side scatter characteristics compared with their circulating counterparts. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that lung fibrocytes in IPF patients can be quantified and characterized by flow cytometry. Lung fibrocytes have different characteristics than circulating fibrocytes and represent an intermediate cell population between circulating fibrocytes and lung fibroblast. Therefore, more insight in their phenotype might lead to specific therapeutic targeting in fibrotic lung diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0798-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Heukels
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015, CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J A C van Hulst
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015, CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M van Nimwegen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015, CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C E Boorsma
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B N Melgert
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L M van den Toorn
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015, CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K A T Boomars
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015, CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M S Wijsenbeek
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015, CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Hoogsteden
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015, CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J H von der Thüsen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015, CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015, CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Kool
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015, CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B van den Blink
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015, CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Kokosi MA, Margaritopoulos GA, Wells AU. Personalised medicine in interstitial lung diseases. Eur Respir Rev 2018; 27:27/148/170117. [DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0117-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases in general, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in particular, are complex disorders with multiple pathogenetic pathways, various disease behaviour profiles and different responses to treatment, all facets that make personalised medicine a highly attractive concept. Personalised medicine is aimed at describing distinct disease subsets taking into account individual lifestyle, environmental exposures, genetic profiles and molecular pathways. The cornerstone of personalised medicine is the identification of biomarkers that can be used to inform diagnosis, prognosis and treatment stratification. At present, no data exist validating a personalised approach in individual diseases. However, the importance of the goal amply justifies the characterisation of genotype and pathway signatures with a view to refining prognostic evaluation and trial design, with the ultimate aim of selecting treatments according to profiles in individual patients.
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14
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Florez-Sampedro L, Song S, Melgert BN. The diversity of myeloid immune cells shaping wound repair and fibrosis in the lung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 5:3-25. [PMID: 29721324 PMCID: PMC5911451 DOI: 10.1002/reg2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In healthy circumstances the immune system coordinates tissue repair responses in a tight balance that entails efficient inflammation for removal of potential threats, proper wound closure, and regeneration to regain tissue function. Pathological conditions, continuous exposure to noxious agents, and even ageing can dysregulate immune responses after injury. This dysregulation can lead to a chronic repair mechanism known as fibrosis. Alterations in wound healing can occur in many organs, but our focus lies with the lung as it requires highly regulated immune and repair responses with its continuous exposure to airborne threats. Dysregulated repair responses can lead to pulmonary fibrosis but the exact reason for its development is often not known. Here, we review the diversity of innate immune cells of myeloid origin that are involved in tissue repair and we illustrate how these cell types can contribute to the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, we briefly discuss the effect of age on innate immune responses and therefore on wound healing and we conclude with the implications of current knowledge on the avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Florez-Sampedro
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Shanshan Song
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Barbro N Melgert
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD University of Groningen Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen The Netherlands
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15
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Duke KS, Bonner JC. Mechanisms of carbon nanotube-induced pulmonary fibrosis: a physicochemical characteristic perspective. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 10:e1498. [PMID: 28984415 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with numerous beneficial applications. However, they could pose a risk to human health from occupational or consumer exposures. Rodent models demonstrate that exposure to CNTs via inhalation, instillation, or aspiration results in pulmonary fibrosis. The severity of the fibrogenic response is determined by various physicochemical properties of the nanomaterial such as residual metal catalyst content, rigidity, length, aggregation status, or surface charge. CNTs are also increasingly functionalized post-synthesis with organic or inorganic agents to modify or enhance surface properties. The mechanisms of CNT-induced fibrosis involve oxidative stress, innate immune responses of macrophages, cytokine and growth factor production, epithelial cell injury and death, expansion of the pulmonary myofibroblast population, and consequent extracellular matrix accumulation. A comprehensive understanding of how physicochemical properties affect the fibrogenic potential of various types of CNTs should be considered in combination with genetic variability and gain or loss of function of specific genes encoding secreted cytokines, enzymes, or intracellular cell signaling molecules. Here, we cover the current state of the literature on mechanisms of CNT-exposed pulmonary fibrosis in rodent models with a focus on physicochemical characteristics as principal drivers of the mechanisms leading to pulmonary fibrosis. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Respiratory Disease Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Duke
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - James C Bonner
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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16
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Just SA, Lindegaard H, Hejbøl EK, Davidsen JR, Bjerring N, Hansen SWK, Schrøder HD, Hansen IMJ, Barington T, Nielsen C. Fibrocyte measurement in peripheral blood correlates with number of cultured mature fibrocytes in vitro and is a potential biomarker for interstitial lung disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Respir Res 2017; 18:141. [PMID: 28720095 PMCID: PMC5516315 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interstitial lung disease (ILD) can be a severe extra-articular disease manifestation in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). A potential role of fibrocytes in RA associated ILD (RA-ILD) has not previously been described. We present a modified faster method for measuring circulating fibrocytes, without intracellular staining. The results are compared to the traditional culture method, where the number of monocytes that differentiate into mature fibrocytes in vitro are counted. The results are following compared to disease activity in patients with severe asthma, ILD, RA (without diagnosed ILD) and RA with verified ILD (RA-ILD). Method CD45+ CD34+ CD11b+ (7-AAD− CD3− CD19− CD294−) cells were isolated by cell sorting and stained for pro-collagen type 1. Thirty-nine patients (10 RA, 9 ILD and 10 with severe asthma, 10 with RA-ILD) and 10 healthy controls (HC) were included. Current medication, disease activity, pulmonary function test and radiographic data were collected. Circulating fibrocytes were quantified by flow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and cultured for 5 days and the numbers of mature fibrocytes were counted. Results 90.2% (mean, SD = 1.5%) of the sorted cells were pro-collagen type 1 positive and thereby fulfilled the criteria for being circulating fibrocytes. The ILD and RA-ILD groups had increased levels of circulating fibrocytes compared to HC (p < 0.05). Levels of circulating fibrocytes correlated overall to number of monocytes that subsequently in vitro differentiated to mature fibrocytes (r = 0.81, p < 0.001). RA patients with pathologically reduced diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide adjusted for hemoglobin (DLCOc) in both the RA and in the combined RA + RA-ILD group, had significantly higher levels of both circulating and number of cultured mature fibrocytes (both p < 0.05). In both groups, the level of circulating fibrocytes and number of mature fibrocytes in culture also correlated to a reduction in DLCOc (r = −0.61 an r = −0.58 both p < 0.05). Conclusions We presented a fast and valid method for measuring circulating fibrocytes using flow cytometry on lysed peripheral blood. Further, we showed for the first time, that the level of circulating fibrocytes correlated with the number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, that differentiated into mature fibrocytes in vitro. Reduced DLCOc was correlated with high levels of circulating and mature fibrocytes in RA, which have not been reported previously. In such, this study suggests that fibrocytes may exhibit an important role in the pathogenesis of RA-ILD, which requires further clarification in future studies. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02711657, registered 13/3–2016, retrospectively registered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-017-0623-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanne Lindegaard
- Department Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Jesper Rømhild Davidsen
- South Danish Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Bjerring
- Department Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Torben Barington
- Department Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian Nielsen
- Department Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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17
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Magnini D, Montemurro G, Iovene B, Tagliaboschi L, Gerardi RE, Lo Greco E, Bruni T, Fabbrizzi A, Lombardi F, Richeldi L. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Molecular Endotypes of Fibrosis Stratifying Existing and Emerging Therapies. Respiration 2017; 93:379-395. [DOI: 10.1159/000475780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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18
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Wright AKA, Newby C, Hartley RA, Mistry V, Gupta S, Berair R, Roach KM, Saunders R, Thornton T, Shelley M, Edwards K, Barker B, Brightling CE. Myeloid-derived suppressor cell-like fibrocytes are increased and associated with preserved lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Allergy 2017; 72:645-655. [PMID: 27709630 DOI: 10.1111/all.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of fibrocytes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unknown. We sought to enumerate blood and tissue fibrocytes in COPD and determine the association of blood fibrocytes with clinical features of disease. METHODS Utilizing flow cytometry to identify circulating, collagen type 1+ cells, we found two populations: (i) CD45+ CD34+ (fibrocytes) and (ii) CD45+ CD34- [myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)-like fibrocytes] cells in stable COPD (n = 41) and control (n = 29) subjects. Lung resection material from a separate group of subjects with (n = 11) or without (n = 11) COPD was collected for tissue fibrocyte detection. We examined circulating fibrocyte populations for correlations with clinical parameters including quantitative computed tomography (qCT) and determined pathways of association between correlated variables using a path analysis model. RESULTS Blood and tissue fibrocytes were not increased compared to control subjects nor were blood fibrocytes associated with lung function or qCT, but were increased in eosinophilic COPD. Myeloid-derived suppressor cell-like fibrocytes were increased in COPD compared to controls [2.3 (1.1-4.9), P = 0.038]. Our path analysis model showed that collagen type 1 intensity for MDSC-like fibrocytes was positively associated with lung function through associations with air trapping, predominately in the upper lobes. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that two circulating populations of fibrocyte exist in COPD, with distinct clinical associations, but are not prevalent in proximal or small airway tissue. Blood MDSC-like fibrocytes, however, are increased and associated with preserved lung function through a small airway-dependent mechanism in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. A. Wright
- NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Unit; Institute of Lung Health; University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust; Leicester UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - C. Newby
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - R. A. Hartley
- NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Unit; Institute of Lung Health; University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust; Leicester UK
| | - V. Mistry
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - S. Gupta
- NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Unit; Institute of Lung Health; University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust; Leicester UK
| | - R. Berair
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - K. M. Roach
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - R. Saunders
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - T. Thornton
- NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Unit; Institute of Lung Health; University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust; Leicester UK
| | - M. Shelley
- NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Unit; Institute of Lung Health; University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust; Leicester UK
| | - K. Edwards
- NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Unit; Institute of Lung Health; University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust; Leicester UK
| | - B. Barker
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - C. E. Brightling
- NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Unit; Institute of Lung Health; University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust; Leicester UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
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19
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Sontake V, Wang Y, Kasam RK, Sinner D, Reddy GB, Naren AP, McCormack FX, White ES, Jegga AG, Madala SK. Hsp90 regulation of fibroblast activation in pulmonary fibrosis. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e91454. [PMID: 28239659 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a severe fibrotic lung disease associated with fibroblast activation that includes excessive proliferation, tissue invasiveness, myofibroblast transformation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. To identify inhibitors that can attenuate fibroblast activation, we queried IPF gene signatures against a library of small-molecule-induced gene-expression profiles and identified Hsp90 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents that can suppress fibroblast activation in IPF. Although Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that regulates multiple processes involved in fibroblast activation, it has not been previously proposed as a molecular target in IPF. Here, we found elevated Hsp90 staining in lung biopsies of patients with IPF. Notably, fibroblasts isolated from fibrotic lesions showed heightened Hsp90 ATPase activity compared with normal fibroblasts. 17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), a small-molecule inhibitor of Hsp90 ATPase activity, attenuated fibroblast activation and also TGF-β-driven effects on fibroblast to myofibroblast transformation. The loss of the Hsp90AB, but not the Hsp90AA isoform, resulted in reduced fibroblast proliferation, myofibroblast transformation, and ECM production. Finally, in vivo therapy with 17-AAG attenuated progression of established and ongoing fibrosis in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis, suggesting that targeting Hsp90 represents an effective strategy for the treatment of fibrotic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwaraj Sontake
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine.,Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Rajesh K Kasam
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine.,Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Debora Sinner
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
| | - Geereddy B Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Francis X McCormack
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
| | - Eric S White
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, AnnArbor, Michigan, USA
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20
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Kobayashi H, Naito M, Masuya M, Maruyama M, Urata K, Takahashi Y, Tomaru A, Fujiwara K, Ohnishi M, Takagi T, Kobayashi T, D'Alessandro-Gabazza C, Urawa M, Gabazza EC, Taguchi O, Takei Y. Circulating fibrocytes correlate with the asthma control test score. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2016; 44:191-6. [PMID: 26774356 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial asthma is characterised by airway inflammation and remodelling with a decline of lung function. Fibrocytes are bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells that play important roles in the pathogenesis of airway remodelling. Several clinical parameters are currently being used in routine clinical practice to assess outcome of therapy in asthma including frequency of rescue with short-acting β2-agonist and the asthma control test. In this study, we hypothesised that asthma control test is associated with circulating levels of fibrocytes in bronchial asthma. METHODS There were 20 patients with asthma and seven healthy controls. The number of CD45(+)Collagen I(+) circulating fibrocytes was assessed in the peripheral blood by flow cytometry. RESULTS The number of circulating fibrocytes was significantly increased in asthma patients with moderate and severe disease compared to controls, and it was inversely correlated with % forced expiratory volume in one second and % forced vital capacity (%FVC). The frequency of inhalation of short-acting β2 agonist and the asthma control test score was significantly and inversely correlated with the number of circulating fibrocytes. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that the number of circulating fibrocytes is inversely correlated with clinical asthma control parameters, further supporting the relevance of measuring circulating fibrocytes as a marker of clinical control in bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kobayashi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507, Japan
| | - M Naito
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507, Japan
| | - M Masuya
- Department of Hematopoietic Pathology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507, Japan
| | - M Maruyama
- Department of Hematopoietic Pathology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507, Japan
| | - K Urata
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507, Japan
| | - Y Takahashi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507, Japan
| | - A Tomaru
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507, Japan
| | - K Fujiwara
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507, Japan
| | - M Ohnishi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507, Japan
| | - T Takagi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507, Japan
| | - T Kobayashi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507, Japan
| | - C D'Alessandro-Gabazza
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507, Japan
| | - M Urawa
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507, Japan; Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507, Japan
| | - E C Gabazza
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507, Japan.
| | - O Taguchi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507, Japan
| | - Y Takei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507, Japan
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21
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Collins SL, Chan-Li Y, Oh M, Vigeland CL, Limjunyawong N, Mitzner W, Powell JD, Horton MR. Vaccinia vaccine-based immunotherapy arrests and reverses established pulmonary fibrosis. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e83116. [PMID: 27158671 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.83116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease without any cure. Both human disease and animal models demonstrate dysregulated wound healing and unregulated fibrogenesis in a background of low-grade chronic T lymphocyte infiltration. Tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm) are emerging as important regulators of the immune microenvironment in response to pathogens, and we hypothesized that they might play a role in regulating the unremitting inflammation that promotes lung fibrosis. Herein, we demonstrate that lung-directed immunotherapy, in the form of i.n. vaccination, induces an antifibrotic T cell response capable of arresting and reversing lung fibrosis. In mice with established lung fibrosis, lung-specific T cell responses were able to reverse established pathology - as measured by decreased lung collagen, fibrocytes, and histologic injury - and improve physiologic function. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that this effect is mediated by vaccine-induced lung Trm. These data not only have implications for the development of immunotherapeutic regimens to treat IPF, but also suggest a role for targeting tissue-resident memory T cells to treat other tissue-specific inflammatory/autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L Collins
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yee Chan-Li
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - MinHee Oh
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine L Vigeland
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathachit Limjunyawong
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Program in Respiratory Biology and Lung Diseases, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Program in Respiratory Biology and Lung Diseases, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen R Horton
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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22
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Byrne AJ, Maher TM, Lloyd CM. Pulmonary Macrophages: A New Therapeutic Pathway in Fibrosing Lung Disease? Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:303-316. [PMID: 26979628 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a growing clinical problem which can result in breathlessness or respiratory failure and has an average life expectancy of 3 years from diagnosis. Therapeutic options for PF are limited and there is therefore a significant unmet clinical need. The recent resurgent interest in macrophage biology has led to a new understanding of lung macrophage origins, biology, and phenotypes. In this review we discuss fibrotic mechanisms and focus on the role of macrophages during fibrotic lung disease. Data from both human and murine studies are reviewed, highlighting novel macrophage-orientated biomarkers for disease diagnosis and potential targets for future anti-fibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Byrne
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Toby M Maher
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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23
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Roels E, Krafft E, Farnir F, Holopainen S, Laurila HP, Rajamäki MM, Day MJ, Antoine N, Pirottin D, Clercx C. Assessment of CCL2 and CXCL8 chemokines in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue samples from dogs affected with canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Vet J 2015; 206:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Sontake V, Shanmukhappa SK, DiPasquale BA, Reddy GB, Medvedovic M, Hardie WD, White ES, Madala SK. Fibrocytes Regulate Wilms Tumor 1-Positive Cell Accumulation in Severe Fibrotic Lung Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3978-91. [PMID: 26371248 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Collagen-producing myofibroblast transdifferentiation is considered a crucial determinant in the formation of scar tissue in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Multiple resident pulmonary cell types and bone marrow-derived fibrocytes have been implicated as contributors to fibrotic lesions because of the transdifferentiation potential of these cells into myofibroblasts. In this study, we assessed the expression of Wilms tumor 1 (WT1), a known marker of mesothelial cells, in various cell types in normal and fibrotic lungs. We demonstrate that WT1 is expressed by both mesothelial and mesenchymal cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lungs but has limited or no expression in normal human lungs. We also demonstrate that WT1(+) cells accumulate in fibrotic lung lesions, using two different mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis and WT1 promoter-driven fluorescent reporter mice. Reconstitution of bone marrow cells into a TGF-α transgenic mouse model demonstrated that fibrocytes do not transform into WT1(+) mesenchymal cells, but they do augment accumulation of WT1(+) cells in severe fibrotic lung disease. Importantly, the number of WT1(+) cells in fibrotic lesions was correlated with severity of lung disease as assessed by changes in lung function, histology, and hydroxyproline levels in mice. Finally, inhibition of WT1 expression was sufficient to attenuate collagen and other extracellular matrix gene production by mesenchymal cells from both murine and human fibrotic lungs. Thus, the results of this study demonstrate a novel association between fibrocyte-driven WT1(+) cell accumulation and severe fibrotic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwaraj Sontake
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Shiva K Shanmukhappa
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Betsy A DiPasquale
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Geereddy B Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Laboratory for Statistical Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267; and
| | - William D Hardie
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Eric S White
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Satish K Madala
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229;
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25
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Roels E, Krafft E, Antoine N, Farnir F, Laurila H, Holopainen S, Rajamäki M, Clercx C. Evaluation of chemokines CXCL8 and CCL2, serotonin, and vascular endothelial growth factor serum concentrations in healthy dogs from seven breeds with variable predisposition for canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Res Vet Sci 2015; 101:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Weiss DJ. Concise review: current status of stem cells and regenerative medicine in lung biology and diseases. Stem Cells 2014; 32:16-25. [PMID: 23959715 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung diseases remain a significant and devastating cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In contrast to many other major diseases, lung diseases notably chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPDs), including both asthma and emphysema, are increasing in prevalence and COPD is expected to become the third leading cause of disease mortality worldwide by 2020. New therapeutic options are desperately needed. A rapidly growing number of investigations of stem cells and cell therapies in lung biology and diseases as well as in ex vivo lung bioengineering have offered exciting new avenues for advancing knowledge of lung biology as well as providing novel potential therapeutic approaches for lung diseases. These initial observations have led to a growing exploration of endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells in clinical trials of pulmonary hypertension and COPD with other clinical investigations planned. Ex vivo bioengineering of the trachea, larynx, diaphragm, and the lung itself with both biosynthetic constructs as well as decellularized tissues have been used to explore engineering both airway and vascular systems of the lung. Lung is thus a ripe organ for a variety of cell therapy and regenerative medicine approaches. Current state-of-the-art progress for each of the above areas will be presented as will discussion of current considerations for cell therapy-based clinical trials in lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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27
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Smadja DM, Dorfmüller P, Guerin CL, Bieche I, Badoual C, Boscolo E, Kambouchner M, Cazes A, Mercier O, Humbert M, Gaussem P, Bischoff J, Israël-Biet D. Cooperation between human fibrocytes and endothelial colony-forming cells increases angiogenesis via the CXCR4 pathway. Thromb Haemost 2014; 112:1002-13. [PMID: 25103869 DOI: 10.1160/th13-08-0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases of the lung are associated with a vascular remodelling process. Fibrocytes (Fy) are a distinct population of blood-borne cells that co-express haematopoietic cell antigens and fibroblast markers, and have been shown to contribute to organ fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether fibrocytes cooperate with endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC) to induce angiogenesis. We isolated fibrocytes from blood of patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and characterised them by flow cytometry, quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RTQ-PCR), and confocal microscopy. We then investigated the angiogenic interaction between fibrocytes and cord-blood-derived ECFC, both in vitro and in an in vivo Matrigel implant model. Compared to fibroblast culture medium, fibrocyte culture medium increased ECFC proliferation and differentiation via the SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway. IPF-Fy co-implanted with human ECFC in Matrigel plugs in immunodeficient mice formed functional microvascular beds, whereas fibroblasts did not. Evaluation of implants after two weeks revealed an extensive network of erythrocyte-containing blood vessels. CXCR4 blockade significantly inhibited this blood vessel formation. The clinical relevance of these data was confirmed by strong CXCR4 expression in vessels close to fibrotic areas in biopsy specimens from patients with IPF, by comparison with control lungs. In conclusion, circulating fibrocytes might contribute to the intense remodelling of the pulmonary vasculature in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Smadja
- Prof. David Smadja, Paris-Descartes University, INSERM UMR-S 1140, Hematology department, European Georges Pompidou hospital, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France, Tel.: +33 1 56093933, Fax: +33 1 56093393, E-mail:
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Stem cells, cell therapies, and bioengineering in lung biology and diseases. Comprehensive review of the recent literature 2010-2012. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2014; 10:S45-97. [PMID: 23869446 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201304-090aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A conference, "Stem Cells and Cell Therapies in Lung Biology and Lung Diseases," was held July 25 to 28, 2011 at the University of Vermont to review the current understanding of the role of stem and progenitor cells in lung repair after injury and to review the current status of cell therapy and ex vivo bioengineering approaches for lung diseases. These are rapidly expanding areas of study that provide further insight into and challenge traditional views of mechanisms of lung repair after injury and pathogenesis of several lung diseases. The goals of the conference were to summarize the current state of the field, to discuss and debate current controversies, and to identify future research directions and opportunities for basic and translational research in cell-based therapies for lung diseases. The goal of this article, which accompanies the formal conference report, is to provide a comprehensive review of the published literature in lung regenerative medicine from the last conference report through December 2012.
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Kleaveland KR, Moore BB, Kim KK. Paracrine functions of fibrocytes to promote lung fibrosis. Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 8:163-72. [PMID: 24451025 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2014.862154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fibrocytes are derived from the bone marrow and are found in the circulation. They can be recruited to sites of injury and contribute to repair/remodeling. In vitro evidence suggests that fibrocytes may differentiate into fibroblasts to promote lung fibrosis. However, in vivo evidence for this is sparse. This review summarizes recent literature which may suggest that fibrocytes function to promote fibrosis via paracrine actions. In this way, secretion of growth factors, proteases and matricellular proteins may strongly influence the actions of resident epithelial and mesenchymal cells to promote repair and resolution or to tip the scale toward pathologic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Kleaveland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0642, USA
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31
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Tang N, Zhao Y, Feng R, Liu Y, Wang S, Wei W, Ding Q, An MS, Wen J, Li L. Lysophosphatidic acid accelerates lung fibrosis by inducing differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into myofibroblasts. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 18:156-69. [PMID: 24251962 PMCID: PMC3916127 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung fibrosis is characterized by vascular leakage and myofibroblast recruitment, and both phenomena are mediated by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) via its type-1 receptor (LPA1). Following lung damage, the accumulated myofibroblasts activate and secrete excessive extracellular matrix (ECM), and form fibrotic foci. Studies have shown that bone marrow-derived cells are an important source of myofibroblasts in the fibrotic organ. However, the type of cells in the bone marrow contributing predominantly to the myofibroblasts and the involvement of LPA-LPA1 signalling in this is yet unclear. Using a bleomycin-induced mouse lung-fibrosis model with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgenic mouse bone marrow replacement, we first demonstrated that bone marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) migrated markedly to the bleomycin-injured lung. The migrated BMSC contributed significantly to α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive myofibroblasts. By transplantation of GFP-labelled human BMSC (hBMSC) or EGFP transgenic mouse BMSC (mBMSC), we further showed that BMSC might be involved in lung fibrosis in severe combined immune deficiency (SCID)/Beige mice induced by bleomycin. In addition, using quantitative-RT-PCR, western blot, Sircol collagen assay and migration assay, we determined the underlying mechanism was LPA-induced BMSC differentiation into myofibroblast and the secretion of ECM via LPA1. By employing a novel LPA1 antagonist, Antalpa1, we then showed that Antalpa1 could attenuate lung fibrosis by inhibiting both BMSC differentiation into myofibroblast and the secretion of ECM. Collectively, the above findings not only further validate LPA1 as a drug target in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis but also elucidate a novel pathway in which BMSCs contribute to the pathologic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Tang
- Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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32
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Jones RC, Capen DE. Alveolar oxygen tension and angio-architecture of the distal adult lung. Ultrastruct Pathol 2013; 37:395-407. [PMID: 24144043 DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2013.831156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the fine structure of pulmonary capillaries first injured and then undergoing growth in response to a change in the ambient alveolar oxygen tension. Breathing a high fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2 0.75) triggers restriction by endothelial cell injury and effacement leading to segment narrowing and shortening and segment loss as demonstrated by a fall in density. Subsequently, breathing a relatively low fraction (FiO2 0.21) triggers capillary assembly (angiogenesis), which reverses the changes. The data underscore the structural reprogramming (reduction and restoration) of pulmonary capillaries in response to significant shifts in oxygen tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary C Jones
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and
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Eves ND, Song Y, Piper A, Maher TM. Year in review 2012: acute lung injury, interstitial lung diseases, sleep and physiology. Respirology 2013; 18:555-64. [PMID: 23336426 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil D Eves
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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34
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Loomis-King H, Moore BB. Fibrocytes in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Fibrotic Lung Disease. CURRENT RESPIRATORY MEDICINE REVIEWS 2013; 9:34-41. [PMID: 27512347 DOI: 10.2174/1573398x11309010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fibrocytes were initially described in 1999 and since that time there has been a growing body of literature to suggest their importance in a number of chronic lung diseases. It is now well established that fibrocytes derive from the bone marrow and circulate within the peripheral blood. However, when injury occurs, fibrocytes can travel to the site of damage via chemokine-mediated recruitment. Recent studies suggest that fibrocyte numbers increase within the lung or circulation during numerous disease processes. Although fibrocytes readily differentiate into fibroblasts in vitro, whether they do so in vivo is still unknown. The variety of pro-fibrotic mediators that are secreted by fibrocytes makes it likely that they act via paracrine functions to influence the behavior of resident lung cells. This review summarizes recent insights regarding fibrocytes in asthma, scleroderma and IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Loomis-King
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0642
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0642
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Borie R, Quesnel C, Phin S, Debray MP, Marchal-Somme J, Tiev K, Bonay M, Fabre A, Soler P, Dehoux M, Crestani B. Detection of alveolar fibrocytes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and systemic sclerosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53736. [PMID: 23341987 PMCID: PMC3547062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fibrocytes are circulating precursors for fibroblasts. Blood fibrocytes are increased in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The aim of this study was to determine whether alveolar fibrocytes are detected in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL), to identify their prognostic value, and their potential association with culture of fibroblasts from BAL. Methods We quantified fibrocytes in BAL from 26 patients with IPF, 9 patients with Systemic Sclerosis(SSc)-interstitial lung disease (ILD), and 11 controls. BAL cells were cultured to isolate alveolar fibroblasts. Results Fibrocytes were detected in BAL in 14/26 IPF (54%) and 5/9 SSc patients (55%), and never in controls. Fibrocytes were in median 2.5% [0.4–19.7] and 3.0% [2.7–3.7] of BAL cells in IPF and SSc-ILD patients respectively. In IPF patients, the number of alveolar fibrocytes was correlated with the number of alveolar macrophages and was associated with a less severe disease but not with a better outcome. Fibroblasts were cultured from BAL in 12/26 IPF (46%), 5/9 SSc-ILD (65%) and never in controls. The detection of BAL fibrocytes did not predict a positive culture of fibroblasts. Conclusion Fibrocytes were detected in BAL fluid in about half of the patients with IPF and SSc-ILD. Their number was associated with less severe disease in IPF patients and did not associate with the capacity to grow fibroblasts from BAL fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Borie
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de Compétences Maladies Rares Pulmonaires, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unité 700, Faculté Bichat, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Quesnel
- INSERM, Unité 700, Faculté Bichat, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Service d’Anesthésie et de Réanimation Chirurgicale, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Phin
- INSERM, Unité 700, Faculté Bichat, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Debray
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Service de Radiologie, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | | | - Kiet Tiev
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Marcel Bonay
- INSERM, Unité 700, Faculté Bichat, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Fabre
- INSERM, Unité 700, Faculté Bichat, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Paul Soler
- INSERM, Unité 700, Faculté Bichat, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Monique Dehoux
- INSERM, Unité 700, Faculté Bichat, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de Compétences Maladies Rares Pulmonaires, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unité 700, Faculté Bichat, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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36
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Ren Y, Guo L, Tang X, Apparsundaram S, Kitson C, Deguzman J, Fuentes ME, Coyle L, Majmudar R, Allard J, Truitt T, Hamid R, Chen Y, Qian Y, Budd DC. Comparing the differential effects of LPA on the barrier function of human pulmonary endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2012; 85:59-67. [PMID: 23084965 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a class of bioactive lyso-phospholipid that mediates most of its biological effects through a family of G protein-coupled receptors of which six have been identified. The role of the LPA pathway in driving chronic lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has gained considerable academic and industry attention. Modulation of the pulmonary artery endothelial barrier function by the LPA1 receptor has been shown to drive pulmonary fibrosis in murine models of disease. The purpose of this study was (i) to assess the effect of LPA on the barrier function of human pulmonary arterial (HPAEC) and microvascular (HMVEC) endothelial cells and (ii) to identify the LPA receptor subtype(s) responsible for changes in human pulmonary endothelial cell permeability using LPA receptor antagonists and siRNA technology. Analysis of the LPA receptor subtype expression demonstrated predominant expression of LPA2 and LPA6 receptor subtypes in both HPAECs and HMVECs. HPAECs also exhibit low expression of LPA1, LPA3, and LPA4 receptor subtypes. Treatment of cells with increasing concentrations of LPA caused loss of barrier function in HPAECs but not HMVECs, despite both cell types exhibiting very similar LPA receptor expression profiles. The LPA-mediated loss of barrier function in HPAECs appears to be independent of the LPA1 receptor and likely to be mediated via the LPA6 receptor although we cannot exclude an additional role for the LPA2 and LPA4 receptors in mediating these effects. These results suggest cell-specific mechanisms exist in human pulmonary endothelial cells to permit regulation of barrier function downstream of LPA receptors. More importantly, our data indicate that selective LPA1 receptor antagonism may be insufficient for therapeutic use in pulmonary diseases where impaired endothelial barrier function is related to disease initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Ren
- Inflammation Discovery Therapeutic Area, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110-1199, USA
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