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Arias-Peso B, Calero-Ramos ML, López-Ladrón García de la Borbolla C, López-Domínguez M, Morillo-Sánchez MJ, Méndez-Martínez S, Sánchez-Gómez S, Rodríguez-de-la-Rúa E. Multidisciplinary approach to inherited causes of dual sensory impairment. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:701-715. [PMID: 37341837 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This article presents a review of the main causes of inherited dual sensory impairment (DSI) with an emphasis on the multidisciplinary approach. METHODS A narrative review of English literature published before January 2023 was conducted using PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases. The different causes of inherited DSI are discussed from a multidisciplinary perspective. RESULTS There are a wide range of dual sensory impairment (DSI), commonly referred to as blindness and deafness. While Usher syndrome is the most frequent genetic cause, other genetic syndromes such as Alport syndrome or Stickler syndrome can also lead to DSI. Various retinal phenotypes, including pigmentary retinopathy as seen in Usher syndrome, vitreoretinopathy as in Stickler syndrome, and macular dystrophy as in Alport syndrome, along with type of hearing loss (sensorineural or conductive) and additional systemic symptoms can aid in diagnostic suspicion. A thorough ophthalmologic and otorhinolaryngologic examination can help guide diagnosis, which can then be confirmed with genetic studies, crucial for determining prognosis. Effective hearing rehabilitation measures, such as hearing implants, and visual rehabilitation measures, such as low vision optical devices, are crucial for maintaining social interaction and proper development in these patients. CONCLUSIONS While Usher syndrome is the primary cause of inherited dual sensory impairment (DSI), other genetic syndromes can also lead to this condition. A proper diagnostic approach based on retinal phenotypes and types of hearing loss can aid in ruling out alternative causes. Multidisciplinary approaches can assist in reaching a definitive diagnosis, which has significant prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Arias-Peso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 1-3 Isabel la Católica Street, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | - Silvia Méndez-Martínez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 1-3 Isabel la Católica Street, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Serafin Sánchez-Gómez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Enrique Rodríguez-de-la-Rúa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Area, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Gutierrez Guarnizo SA, Kellogg MK, Miller SC, Tikhonova E, Karamysheva ZN, Karamyshev AL. Pathogenic signal peptide variants in the human genome. NAR Genom Bioinform 2023; 5:lqad093. [PMID: 37859801 PMCID: PMC10583284 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted and membrane proteins represent a third of all cellular proteins and contain N-terminal signal peptides that are required for protein targeting to endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Mutations in signal peptides affect protein targeting, translocation, processing, and stability, and are associated with human diseases. However, only a few of them have been identified or characterized. In this report, we identified pathogenic signal peptide variants across the human genome using bioinformatic analyses and predicted the molecular mechanisms of their pathology. We recovered more than 65 thousand signal peptide mutations, over 11 thousand we classified as pathogenic, and proposed framework for distinction of their molecular mechanisms. The pathogenic mutations affect over 3.3 thousand genes coding for secreted and membrane proteins. Most pathogenic mutations alter the signal peptide hydrophobic core, a critical recognition region for the signal recognition particle, potentially activating the Regulation of Aberrant Protein Production (RAPP) quality control and specific mRNA degradation. The remaining pathogenic variants (about 25%) alter either the N-terminal region or signal peptidase processing site that can result in translocation deficiencies at the ER membrane or inhibit protein processing. This work provides a conceptual framework for the identification of mutations across the genome and their connection with human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morgana K Kellogg
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Sarah C Miller
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Elena B Tikhonova
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | | | - Andrey L Karamyshev
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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Miraldi Utz V, Ebert JJ, Brightman DS, Simpson BN, Benoit S, Sisk RA. Dual phenotype: co-occurring Leber congenital amaurosis and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy: a case report. Ophthalmic Genet 2023; 44:89-92. [PMID: 36426739 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2090011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the concurrent presentation and management of IQCB1-associated Leber Congenital Amaurosis and NDP-associated Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy (FEVR). MATERIALS AND METHODS A 6-month-old Caucasian infant presented with poor visual response, high hypermetropia, and infantile-nystagmus with a provisional diagnosis of Leber Congenital Amaurosis based on clinical findings. Genetic counseling and testing were performed with a 285 gene retinal dystrophy panel (Blueprint Genetics). Clinical characteristics, presentation, ancillary testing results, and management are described. RESULTS Two previously reported heterozygous pathogenic variants in ICQB1 were identified (c.1518_1519del (p.His506Glnfs*13) and c.1381C>T, p.Arg461*) segregating in trans. In addition, a variation of uncertain significance (VUS) was found in NDP (c.280C>T; p.His94Tyr). Fluorescein angiography was performed demonstrating peripheral avascularity and retinal telangiectasia without frank neovascularization. Peripheral ablative laser was applied to the avascular zone. CONCLUSIONS The NDP VUS likely represents a pathogenic variant given the FEVR phenotype in addition to retinal degeneration, creating a rare dual phenotype. The combination of low oxygen demand from the IQCB1-associated retinal degeneration and NDP variant may have led to a more attenuated FEVR presentation with uncertain prognosis. A molecular diagnosis informed ocular and renal surveillance, as well as the recurrence risk for future offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Miraldi Utz
- Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jared J Ebert
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Diana S Brightman
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Brittany N Simpson
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Stefanie Benoit
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert A Sisk
- Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Cincinnati Eye Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Sun L, Yan W, Huang L, Li S, Liu J, Lu Y, Su M, Li Z, Ding X. ROP-like retinopathy in full/near-term newborns: A etiology, risk factors, clinical and genetic characteristics, prognosis and management. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:914207. [PMID: 36035399 PMCID: PMC9399493 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.914207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) like retinopathy (ROPLR) could occur in full/near-term newborns. The causes and clinical features are still largely elusive. This study focused on the risk factors, clinical and genetic characteristics, treatment and outcome, and prognosis of ROPLR.MethodsA total of 47 consecutive full/near-term newborns during 2016–2017 with ROPLR were included. The clinical and genetic characteristics, treatment and outcome, prognosis, and potential underlying etiology of ROPLR were were analyzed.Results91 eyes of 47 infants were found to have ROPLR. The ROPLR regressed completely in 65.9% and partially in 20.9% of eyes without any interventions. Retinal changes of family exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) were allocated in 12 neonates (group A), perinatal hypoxia-ischemia were categorized in 17 neonates (group B), and the other 18 neonates were categorized in group C. Compared to those in group B/C, infants in group A had significantly more severe retinopathy (stage 4/5, p < 0.001) and more treatments (p < 0.00 risk factor 1).ConclusionsPerinatal hypoxia-ischemia might be a major risk factor for ROPLR, in which spontaneous regression was common. FEVR, confirmed by positive family findings and genetic testing, might be the second risk factor of ROPLR, in which retinopathy is more severe and treatment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | - Yamei Lu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | - Manxiang Su
- Zhuhai Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhan Li
- Zhuhai Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyan Ding
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Wang H, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Ma Y, Tao D. A novel frameshift c.22_25dupGCAT mutation of the NDP gene in a Chinese infant with Norrie disease: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28523. [PMID: 35029917 PMCID: PMC8735801 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Norrie disease (ND) is a rare X-linked recessive disease characterized by bilateral congenital blindness and auditory impairments. According to the previous studies, Norrin cystine knot growth factor (NDP) gene have been found to be responsible for ND. Herein, we report a case of ND with a novel mutation in NDP and elucidate the clinical and molecular characteristics of this patient. PATIENT CONCERNS A 2-month-old Chinese male infant presented with gray-white opacification in the bilateral cornea. Vitreous opacity and retinal detachment were observed on ocular ultrasound. Furthermore, a novel de novo hemizygous mutation (c.22_25dupGCAT, p.S9Cfs∗18) in exon 2 of the NDP gene was identified by next-generation sequencing. SWISS-MODEL predicted that the c.22_25dupGCAT mutation truncated the NDP protein. DIAGNOSIS Based on the above clinical and genetic evidence, this patient was eventually diagnosed with ND. INTERVENTIONS Currently, no clinical therapy is available for ND. OUTCOMES In addition to the typical ocular symptoms, no other abnormalities were observed. The patient's vital signs remained stable and normal. LESSON A novel causative mutation of NDP was identified using next-generation sequencing. Our report expands the pathogenic mutation spectrum of NDP and facilitates genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of molecular genetic testing in the diagnosis of ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zeyuan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuantao Zhou
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dan Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Fekri Y, Ojaghi H, Momeni N, Amani F. Retinopathy of prematurity in Ardabil, North West of Iran: Prevalence and risk factors. Eur J Transl Myol 2021; 31. [PMID: 34761669 PMCID: PMC8758962 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2021.10063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which affects the retina of premature infants, is a leading cause of blindness in premature infants worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity infants referred to Alavi hospital between October 2018 and October 2019. In the present study, 400 infants with gestational age less than 34 weeks and or birth weight of 2000 g or less were enrolled in the study. Required information including sex, gestational age, maternal age, birth weight, type of delivery, oxygen therapy, septicemia, multiple gestations, consanguineous marriage, respiratory problem, and blood exchange were extracted from their hospital records and then included in the data collection form. These infants were also examined for ROP, stage and area of involvement by an experienced ophthalmologist and then classified into two groups including retinopathy and healthy group. Finally, the data were analyzed in SPSS 25 software using chi-square, fisher exact test, t-test, binary logistic regression, and ROC curve analysis. Of the 400 preterm infants studied (57.2% male and 42.8% female), 107 (26.8%) infants had ROP of whom 23 (21.5%) needed treatment (i.e. 5.8% of all infants need treatment). There were 4 (3.7%), 29 (27.1%), and 74 (69.2%) infants with zone I, II, and III, respectively. There were 91 (85%), 11 (10.3%), and 5 (4.7%) infants with stage I, II, and III, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that parental consanguinity (OR=2.263, 95%CI: 1.240-4.130, P=0.008), gestational age less than 32.5 weeks (OR=4.067, 95%CI: 2.340-7.069, P<0.001), and birth weight less than 1725 g (OR=4.522, 95%CI: 2.677-7.637, P<0.001) were associated with a 2.3-fold, 4.1-fold, and 4.5-fold increased risk of ROP, respectively. ROP had no significant relationship with other variables. In summary, the findings of the present study showed that one quarter of the premature infants had ROP. Furthermore, birth weight less than 1725 g, gestational age less than 32.5 weeks, and parental consanguinity were risk factors for ROP, in addition, one-fifth of the infants with ROP needed treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Fekri
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Imam Reza Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil.
| | - Habib Ojaghi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Imam Reza Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil.
| | - Neda Momeni
- School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil.
| | - Firouz Amani
- School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil.
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Joyce H, Burmeister LM, Wright H, Fleming L, Oliver JAC, Mellersh C. Identification of a variant in NDP associated with X-linked retinal dysplasia in the English cocker spaniel dog. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251071. [PMID: 33945575 PMCID: PMC8096109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Three related male English Cocker Spaniels (ECS) were reported to be congenitally blind. Examination of one of these revealed complete retinal detachment. A presumptive diagnosis of retinal dysplasia (RD) was provided and pedigree analysis was suggestive of an X-linked mode of inheritance. We sought to investigate the genetic basis of RD in this family of ECS. Methods Following whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the one remaining male RD-affected ECS, two distinct investigative approaches were employed: a candidate gene approach and a whole genome approach. In the candidate gene approach, COL9A2, COL9A3, NHEJ1, RS1 and NDP genes were investigated based on their known associations with RD and retinal detachment in dogs and humans. In the whole genome approach, affected WGS was compared with 814 unaffected canids to identify candidate variants, which were filtered based on appropriate segregation and predicted pathogenic effects followed by subsequent investigation of gene function. Candidate variants were tested for appropriate segregation in the ECS family and association with disease was assessed using samples from a total of 180 ECS. Results The same variant in NDP (c.653_654insC, p.Met114Hisfs*16) that was predicted to result in 15 aberrant amino acids before a premature stop in norrin protein, was identified independently by both approaches and was shown to segregate appropriately within the ECS family. Association of this variant with X-linked RD was significant (P = 0.0056). Conclusions For the first time, we report a variant associated with canine X-linked RD. NDP variants are already known to cause X-linked RD, along with other abnormalities, in human Norrie disease. Thus, the dog may serve as a useful large animal model for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Joyce
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Louise M. Burmeister
- Department of Canine Genetics, Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, United Kingdom
| | - Hattie Wright
- Department of Canine Genetics, Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Fleming
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, United Kingdom
| | - James A. C. Oliver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Cathryn Mellersh
- Department of Canine Genetics, Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, United Kingdom
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Marakhonov AV, Mishina IA, Kadyshev VV, Repina SA, Shurygina MF, Shchagina OA, Vasserman NN, Vasilyeva TA, Kutsev SI, Zinchenko RA. Prenatal diagnosis of Norrie disease after whole exome sequencing of an affected proband during an ongoing pregnancy: a case report. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:156. [PMID: 33092543 PMCID: PMC7579785 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Hereditary ophthalmic pathology is a genetically heterogeneous group of diseases that occur either as an isolated eye disorder or as a symptom of hereditary syndromes (chromosomal or monogenic). Thus, a diagnostic search in some cases of ophthalmic pathology can be time- and cost-consuming. The most challenging situation can arise when prenatal diagnosis is needed during an ongoing pregnancy. Case presentation A family was referred to the Research Centre for Medical Genetics (RCMG) for childbirth risk prognosis at 7–8 week of gestation because a previous child, a six-year-old boy, has congenital aniridia, glaucoma, retinal detachment, severe psychomotor delay, and lack of speech and has had several ophthalmic surgeries. The affected child had been previously tested for PAX6 mutations and 11p13 copy number variations, which revealed no changes. Considering the lack of pathogenic changes and precise diagnosis for the affected boy, NGS sequencing of clinically relevant genes was performed for the ongoing pregnancy; it revealed a novel hemizygous substitution NM_000266.3(NDP):c.385G > T, p.(Glu129*), in the NDP gene, which is associated with Norrie disease (OMIM #310600). Subsequent Sanger validation of the affected boy and his mother confirmed the identified substitution inherited in X-linked recessive mode. Amniotic fluid testing revealed the fetus was hemizygous for the variant and lead to the decision of the family to interrupt the pregnancy. Complications which developed during the termination of pregnancy required hysterectomy due to medical necessity. Conclusions Clinical polymorphism of hereditary ophthalmic pathology can severely complicate establishment of an exact diagnosis and make it time- and cost-consuming. NGS appears to be the method-of-choice in complicated cases, and this could substantially hasten the establishment of a diagnosis and genetic risk estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Marakhonov
- Laboratory of Genetic Epidemiology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Irina A Mishina
- Laboratory of Genetic Epidemiology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vitaly V Kadyshev
- Laboratory of Genetic Epidemiology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana A Repina
- Laboratory of Genetic Epidemiology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria F Shurygina
- S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Shchagina
- Laboratory of Genetic Epidemiology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalya N Vasserman
- Laboratory of Genetic Epidemiology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana A Vasilyeva
- Laboratory of Genetic Epidemiology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey I Kutsev
- Laboratory of Genetic Epidemiology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Rena A Zinchenko
- Laboratory of Genetic Epidemiology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation.,N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Jo DH, Kim JH. Toward the Clinical Application of Therapeutic Angiogenesis Against Pediatric Ischemic Retinopathy. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 9:268-282. [PMID: 32821736 PMCID: PMC7379088 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.2.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis refers to strategies of inducing angiogenesis to treat diseases involving ischemic conditions. Historically, most attempts and achievements have been related to coronary and peripheral artery diseases. In this review, we propose the clinical application of therapeutic angiogenesis for the treatment of pediatric ischemic retinopathy, including retinopathy of prematurity, familial exudative retinopathy, and NDP-related retinopathy. These diseases are all characterized by the reduction of physiological angiogenesis and the following induction of pathological angiogenesis. Therapeutic angiogenesis, which supplements insufficient physiological angiogenesis, may be a therapeutic approach for ischemic conditions. Various molecules and modalities can be utilized to apply therapeutic angiogenesis for the treatment of ischemic retinopathy, as in coronary and peripheral artery diseases. Experiences with cardiovascular diseases provide a useful reference for the further clinical application of therapeutic angiogenesis in pediatric ischemic retinopathy. Recombinant proteins and gene therapy are powerful tools to deliver angiogenic factors to retinal tissues directly. Furthermore, endothelial progenitor or bone marrow-derived cells can be injected into the vitreous cavity of the eye for therapeutic angiogenesis. Intraocular injections are highly promising for the delivery of therapeutics for therapeutic angiogenesis. We expect that therapeutic angiogenesis will be a breakthrough in the treatment of pediatric ischemic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Jo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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SWEPT-SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY ASSESSMENT OF FELLOW EYES IN COATS DISEASE. Retina 2020; 39:608-613. [PMID: 29252973 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000001995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess foveal and parafoveal vasculature at superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus, and choriocapillaris using optical coherence tomography angiography in the fellow eyes of patients with Coats disease. METHODS Observational and prospective case series. Thirteen patients with unilateral Coats and 14 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were consecutively recruited at Manchester Royal Eye Hospital and the Department of Ophthalmology of San Raffaele Hospital. Both groups underwent complete ophthalmologic examination, including optical coherence tomography angiography (Topcon Corp) 3 mm × 3 mm scans. Images were imported into ImageJ software and binarized; foveal avascular zone area was manually outlined and vessel density analyzed in inner (foveal) and outer (parafoveal) areas of SCP, deep capillary plexus, and choriocapillaris. RESULTS Fellow eyes disclosed a significant increase in the foveal vessel density of SCP (P = 0.04); in particular, superior and temporal quadrants showed more marked alterations (P = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). Analysis of foveal avascular zone area revealed a significant enlargement in the SCP (P = 0.04). No correlation was found between fellow eyes and the stage of affected eyes. CONCLUSION Fellow eyes of Coats patients carry quantitative foveal vascular alterations at SCP. These may represent markers of altered inner blood-retinal barrier, due to a bilateral defect in midcapillary angiogenesis.
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Role of NDP- and FZD4-Related Novel Mutations Identified in Patients with FEVR in Norrin/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7681926. [PMID: 32420371 PMCID: PMC7201721 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7681926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in NDP and FZD4 have been closely related to a series of retinal diseases including familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR). Our study was designed to identify novel NDP and FZD4 mutations by whole exome sequencing (WES) in a cohort of patients with a definitive diagnosis of FEVR and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. During 2016, we investigated fifty nonconsanguineous families with affected individuals exhibiting FEVR phenotype and WES identified one recently reported mutation: NDP c.127C>A (p.H43N), and five novel mutations: NDP c.129_131del (p.44del), NDP c.320_353del (p.R107Pfs), NDP c.321delG (p.L108Cfs), NDP c.377G>T (p.C126F), and FZD4 c.314T>G (p.M105R) that cosegragated with the abnormal fundus vascular manifestations in six families. All the mutations were perceived to be pathogenic or likely pathogenic according to the standards and guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and predicted to be deleterious by a series of bioinformatics analyses. We systematically performed functional analyses on the six mutations utilizing the Topflash reporter assay, where all NDP and FZD4 mutants revealed at least 50% loss of wild-type activity. Immunoprecipitation finally demonstrated that the six mutations could degrade the Norrin-Frizzled-4 pair-binding effect to varying degrees. Finally, our study underscores the correlation between the FEVR phenotype and genotype in NDP and FZD4, extending the mutation spectrum, allowing a reliable assessment of FEVR recurrence and improving genetic counseling. Further, our findings provide essential evidence for the follow-up study of animal models and drug targets by Topflash assays and immunoprecipitation.
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Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy-Related Disease-Causing Genes and Norrin/ β-Catenin Signal Pathway: Structure, Function, and Mutation Spectrums. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:5782536. [PMID: 31827910 PMCID: PMC6885210 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5782536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a hereditary ocular disorder characterized by incomplete vascularization/abnormality of peripheral retina. Four of the identified disease-causing genes of FEVR were NDP, FZD4, LRP5, and TSPAN12, the protein coded by which were the components of the Norrin/β-catenin signal pathway. In this review, we summarized and discussed the spectrum of mutations involving these four genes. By the end of 2017, the number of FEVR causing mutations reported for NDP, FZD4, LRP5, and TSPAN12 was, respectively, 26, 121, 58, and 40. Three most frequently reported mutations were c. 362G > A (p.R121Q) of NDP, c. 313A > G (p.M105V), and c.1282_1285delGACA (p.D428SfsX2) of FZD4. Mutations have a tendency to cluster in some “hotspots” domains which may be responsible for protein interactions.
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13
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Siswanto JE, Ronoatmodjo S, Sitorus RS, Soemantri A, Setijaningsih I, Sauer PJJ. Norrie disease gene polymorphism in Indonesian infants with retinopathy of prematurity. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2019; 4:e000211. [PMID: 30997400 PMCID: PMC6440590 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of blindness in newborn infants, which also occurs in low-income and middle-income countries. Why ROP progresses in some infants while it regresses in others is still presently unknown. Studies suggest that genetic factors might be involved. Mutations in the Norrie disease (ND) gene are suspected to be related to advanced ROP development. Indonesia is a country with relatively high incidence of ROP, yet the role of these genetic factors in the pathogenesis of ROP cases is still unknown. The study aimed to investigate the presence of mutations in ND on the X chromosome in infants with both non-advanced and advanced ROP in Indonesia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a case-control study of polymorphisms in six variants within the ND gene in exon 3, C597A, L108P, R121W, A105T, V60E and C110G, in preterm newborn infants in four major hospitals in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia. RESULTS We included 162 preterm newborn infants. ROP was diagnosed in 83 infants, and 79 infants served as controls. Among those with ROP, 57 infants had type 2, while others had type 1. We did not find any gene polymorphisms in any of the infants with ROP nor in the control group. CONCLUSION We conclude that it is very unlikely that the six polymorphisms in exon 3 of the ND gene studied in this paper are involved in the development or progression of ROP in preterm infants in our population sample in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Edy Siswanto
- Neonatology, Harapan Kita Women and Children Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sudarto Ronoatmodjo
- Epidemiology, University of Indonesia, School of Public Health, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Rita S Sitorus
- Ophthalmology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ag Soemantri
- Pediatric, Dr Kariadi General Hospital Medical Center, Semarang, Indonesia
| | | | - Pieter J J Sauer
- Pediatric, Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Rodríguez-Muñoz A, García-García G, Menor F, Millán JM, Tomás-Vila M, Jaijo T. The importance of biochemical and genetic findings in the diagnosis of atypical Norrie disease. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 56:229-235. [PMID: 28742514 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Norrie disease (ND) is a rare X-linked disorder characterized by bilateral congenital blindness. ND is caused by a mutation in the Norrie disease pseudoglioma (NDP) gene, which encodes a 133-amino acid protein called norrin. Intragenic deletions including NDP and adjacent genes have been identified in ND patients with a more severe neurologic phenotype. We report the biochemical, molecular, clinical and radiological features of two unrelated affected males with a deletion including NDP and MAO genes. METHODS Biochemical and genetic analyses were performed to understand the atypical phenotype and radiological findings. Biogenic amines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The coding exons of NDP gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and chromosomal microarray were carried out on both affected males. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed on the two patients. RESULTS In one patient, the serotonin and catecholamine metabolite levels in CSF were virtually undetectable. In both patients, genetic studies revealed microdeletions in the Xp11.3 region, involving the NDP, MAOA and MAOB genes. Radiological examination demonstrated brain and cerebellar atrophy. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that alterations caused by MAO deficit may remain during the first years of life. Clinical phenotype, biochemical findings and neuroimaging can guide the genetic study in patients with atypical ND and help us to a better understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomedicina Molecular, Celular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gema García-García
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomedicina Molecular, Celular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Menor
- Radiología Infantil, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M Millán
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomedicina Molecular, Celular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Tomás-Vila
- Neuropediatría, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Jaijo
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomedicina Molecular, Celular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.,Unidad de Genética y Diagnóstico Prenatal, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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15
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Wang Z, Liu CH, Huang S, Chen J. Wnt Signaling in vascular eye diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 70:110-133. [PMID: 30513356 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in vascular morphogenesis in various organs including the eye. Wnt ligands and receptors are key regulators of ocular angiogenesis both during the eye development and in vascular eye diseases. Wnt signaling participates in regulating multiple vascular beds in the eye including regression of the hyaloid vessels, and development of structured layers of vasculature in the retina. Loss-of-function mutations in Wnt signaling components cause rare genetic eye diseases in humans such as Norrie disease, and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) with defective ocular vasculature. On the other hand, experimental studies in more prevalent vascular eye diseases, such as wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and corneal neovascularization, suggest that aberrantly increased Wnt signaling is one of the causations for pathological ocular neovascularization, indicating the potential of modulating Wnt signaling to ameliorate pathological angiogenesis in eye diseases. This review recapitulates the key roles of the Wnt signaling pathway during ocular vascular development and in vascular eye diseases, and pharmaceutical approaches targeting the Wnt signaling as potential treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
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16
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Swan R, Kim SJ, Campbell JP, Paul Chan RV, Sonmez K, Taylor KD, Li X, Chen YDI, Rotter JI, Simmons C, Chiang MF. The genetics of retinopathy of prematurity: a model for neovascular retinal disease. Ophthalmol Retina 2018; 2:949-962. [PMID: 30250936 PMCID: PMC6150458 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TOPIC Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a proliferative retinal vascular disease in premature infants, and is a major cause of childhood blindness worldwide. In addition to known clinical risk factors such as low birth weight and gestational age, there is a growing body of evidence supporting a genetic basis for ROP. CLINICAL RELEVANCE While comorbidities and environmental factors have been identified as contributing to ROP outcomes in premature infants, most notably gestational age and oxygen, some infants progress to severe disease despite absence of these clinical risk factors. The contribution of genetic factors may explain these differences and allow better detection and treatment of infants at risk for severe ROP. METHODS To comprehensively review genetic factors that potentially contribute to the development and severity of ROP, we conducted a literature search focusing on the genetic basis for ROP. Terms related to other heritable retinal vascular diseases like "familial exudative vitreoretinopathy", as well as to genes implicated in animal models of ROP, were also used to capture research in diseases with similar pathogenesis to ROP in humans with known genetic components. RESULTS Contributions across several genetic domains are described including vascular endothelial growth factor, the Wnt signaling pathway, insulin-like growth factor 1, inflammatory mediators, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. CONCLUSIONS Most candidate gene studies of ROP have limitations such as inability to replicate results, conflicting results from various studies, small sample size, and differences in clinical characterization. Additional difficulty arises in separating the contribution of genetic factors like Wnt signaling to ROP and prematurity. Although studies have implicated involvement of multiple signaling pathways in ROP, the genetics of ROP have not been clearly elucidated. Next-generation sequencing and genome-wide association studies have potential to expand future understanding of underlying genetic risk factors and pathophysiology of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Swan
- Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Sang Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J. Peter Campbell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - R. V. Paul Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Center for Global Health, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kemal Sonmez
- Center for Spoken Language Understanding, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Charles Simmons
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael F. Chiang
- Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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17
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Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important mediator of the pathological neovascularization and vascular permeability of the eye. The increasing use of intravitreal therapies targeting VEGF has revolutionized the treatment of pediatric vitreoretinal diseases. In retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the role of VEGF in pathogenesis has been well recognized and the use of anti-VEGF treatment in phase 2 ROP has demonstrated promising results, particularly in severe cases of posterior disease. This has made VEGF an established target in the treatment of pediatric retinal diseases known to have abnormal vascular activity. However, questions remain about late systemic and neurodevelopmental effects after anti-VEGF therapy for children because intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF may result in systemic circulation of anti-VEGF agent and a corresponding suppression of systemic VEGF. We do not currently know whether the short-term suppression of systemic VEGF affects long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes because VEGF is a vital supporting factor during neurodevelopment. This review article focuses on the evidence for the use of anti-VEGF treatment in certain pediatric ocular diseases, including ROP, Coats disease, and retinoblastoma. More extensive and prospective studies are warranted to further elucidate the role of anti-VEGF therapy in these diseases and illustrate how we can optimally use these agents in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Lun Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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18
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Kim SJ, Port AD, Swan R, Campbell JP, Chan RVP, Chiang MF. Retinopathy of prematurity: a review of risk factors and their clinical significance. Surv Ophthalmol 2018; 63:618-637. [PMID: 29679617 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinal vasoproliferative disease that affects premature infants. Despite improvements in neonatal care and management guidelines, ROP remains a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide. Current screening guidelines are primarily based on two risk factors: birth weight and gestational age; however, many investigators have suggested other risk factors, including maternal factors, prenatal and perinatal factors, demographics, medical interventions, comorbidities of prematurity, nutrition, and genetic factors. We review the existing literature addressing various possible ROP risk factors. Although there have been contradictory reports, and the risk may vary between different populations, understanding ROP risk factors is essential to develop predictive models, to gain insights into pathophysiology of retinal vascular diseases and diseases of prematurity, and to determine future directions in management of and research in ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Alexander D Port
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan Swan
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - J Peter Campbell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - R V Paul Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Center for Global Health, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael F Chiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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19
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Talebi F, Ghanbari Mardasi F, Mohammadi Asl J, Lashgari A, Farhadi F. Identification of A Novel Missense Mutation in The Norrie Disease Gene: The First Molecular Genetic Analysis and Prenatal Diagnosis of Norrie Disease in An Iranian Family. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 20:290-292. [PMID: 29633608 PMCID: PMC5893302 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.5090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Norrie disease (ND) is a rare X-linked recessive disorder, which is characterized by congenital blindness and, in
several cases, accompanied with mental retardation and deafness. ND is caused by mutations in NDP, located
on the proximal short arm of the X chromosome (Xp11.3). The disease has been observed in many ethnic groups
worldwide, however, no such case has been reported from Iran. In this study, we present the molecular analysis
of two patients with ND and the subsequent prenatal diagnosis (PND). Screening of NDP identified a hemizygous
missense mutation (p.Ser133Cys) in the affected male siblings of the family. The mother was the carrier for the
mutation (p.Ser133Cys). In a subsequent chorionic amniotic pregnancy, we carried out PND by sequencing NDP
in the chorionic villi sample at 11 weeks of gestation. The fetus was carrying the mutation and thus unaffected.
This is the first mutation report and PND of an Iranian family with ND, and highlights the importance of prenatal
diagnostic screening of this congenital disorder and relevant genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javad Mohammadi Asl
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Lashgari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Freidoon Farhadi
- Department of Social Science, Islamic Azad University of Shoushtar, Shoushtar, Iran
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20
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Podraza W, Michalczuk B, Jezierska K, Domek H, Kordek A, Łoniewska B, Modrzejewska M, Kot J. Correlation of Retinopathy of Prematurity with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Open Med (Wars) 2018; 13:67-73. [PMID: 29607416 PMCID: PMC5874512 DOI: 10.1515/med-2018-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are diseases that occur only in preterm infants. The etiology of these disorders is multifactorial; however, it is believed that some of the factors in children presenting with BPD affect both the initiation and severity of ROP. The aim of the study was to evaluate the degree of clinical severity of ROP in infants with BPD compared to those without BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Podraza
- Department of Medical Physics, ul. Ku Sloncu 12, 71-073, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Beata Michalczuk
- Department of Medical Physics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Jezierska
- Department of Medical Physics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Hanna Domek
- Department of Medical Physics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kordek
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Beata Łoniewska
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Monika Modrzejewska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Kot
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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21
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Lin Y, Gao H, Chen C, Zhu Y, Li T, Liu B, Ma C, Jiang H, Li Y, Huang Y, Wu Q, Li H, Liang X, Jin C, Ye J, Huang X, Lu L. Clinical and next-generation sequencing findings in a Chinese family exhibiting severe familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:773-782. [PMID: 29207047 PMCID: PMC5752179 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a rare hereditary retinal disorder characterized by the premature arrest of vascularization in the peripheral retina. The aim of the present study was to characterize the clinical presentations of a Chinese family affected by bilateral severe FEVR, and to identify the underlying genetic variations. One family that presented with bilateral FEVR was recruited for this study. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, including best‑corrected visual acuity, slit‑lamp examination, fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography imaging and electroretinogram were performed. Genomic DNA was extracted from leukocytes of the peripheral blood collected from the affected and unaffected family members, as well as 200 unrelated control subjects from the same population. Next‑generation sequencing of the candidate genes associated with ocular diseases was performed, and the identified mutations were validated by conventional polymerase chain reaction‑based sequencing. The functional effects of the mutations were analyzed by polymorphism phenotyping (PolyPhen) and sorting intolerant from tolerant (SIFT). One heterozygous ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 4 (ABCA4) c.5693G>A (p.R1898H) mutation in exon 40 and one heterozygous LDL receptor related protein 5 (LRP5) c.260T>G (p.I87S) mutation in exon 2 were identified in this family. To the best of our knowledge, the ABCA4 c.5693G>A (p.R1898H) mutation has not been reported in FEVR, and the LRP5 c.260T>G (p.I87S) mutation is a novel mutation. PolyPhen and SIFT predicted that the amino acid substitution R1898H in protein ABCA4 is benign, whereas the amino acid substitution I87S in protein LRP5 is damaging. A single nucleotide polymorphism c.266A>G (p.Q89R, rs41494349) was identified in exon 2 of LRP5. These findings expand the mutation spectrums of ABCA4 and LRP5, and will be valuable for genetic counseling and development of therapeutic interventions for patients with FEVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060
| | - Hongbin Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Key Laboratory of Guangdong Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060
| | - Bingqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060
| | - Chenghong Ma
- Department of Endocrine, College of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080
| | - Hongye Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yonghao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060
| | - Qingxiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060
| | - Haichun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060
| | - Chenjin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060
| | - Jianhua Ye
- Department of Endocrine, College of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080
| | - Xinhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060
- Correspondence to: Dr Lin Lu or Dr Xinhua Huang, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
| | - Lin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060
- Correspondence to: Dr Lin Lu or Dr Xinhua Huang, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
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22
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Rathi S, Jalali S, Musada GR, Patnaik S, Balakrishnan D, Hussain A, Kaur I. Mutation spectrum of NDP, FZD4 and TSPAN12 genes in Indian patients with retinopathy of prematurity. Br J Ophthalmol 2017; 102:276-281. [PMID: 28982955 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative eye disease in preterm infants. Based on its phenotypic similarities with familial exudative vitreo retinopathy (FEVR), the present study was conducted to screen the Norrin signalling pathway genes (already been implicated in FEVR) for understanding their involvement among Indian patients with ROP. METHODS The study cohort consisted of patients with ROP (n=246) and controls (n=300) that included full term (n=110) and preterm babies devoid of ROP (n=190). Screening of the NDP, FZD4, TSPAN12 genes were accomplished by resequencing the entire coding and untranslated regions (UTR). The genotype data of the patients with ROP were analysed in the background of their clinical manifestations and further analysed in conjunction with other available data on these genes worldwide. RESULTS Two novel variants in intron 1 (IVS1 +16A>G) and 3'UTR (c.5 22T>C) along with a previously reported change in the 5'UTR (c.395_409del14bp) were observed in the NDP gene in three patients with ROP. Screening of the FZD4 revealed four heterozygous variants, p.(Pro33Ser), p.(Pro168Ser), p.(Ile192Ile) and p.(Ile360Val), a compound heterozygous (p.(Pro33Ser)/p.(Pro168Ser)) and a 3'UTR (c*G>T) variants in the study cohort. Variants p.(Pro33Ser) and p.(Pro168Ser) were found to be significantly associated with ROP. A heterozygous variant p.(Leu119Arg) in TSPAN12 gene was observed in a patient with threshold ROP. However, a formal genotype-phenotype correlation could not be established due to the low frequencies of the variant alleles in these genes. CONCLUSIONS This is a first study that revealed association of few variants in Norrin signalling genes among Indian patients with ROP that warrants further detailed investigation worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Rathi
- Kallam Anji Reddy Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Subhadra Jalali
- Smt Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreo Retinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ganeswara Rao Musada
- Kallam Anji Reddy Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Satish Patnaik
- Kallam Anji Reddy Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Divya Balakrishnan
- Smt Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreo Retinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anjli Hussain
- Smt Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreo Retinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- Kallam Anji Reddy Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Andarva M, Jamshidi J, Ghaedi H, Daftarian N, Emamalizadeh B, Alehabib E, Taghavi S, Pouriran R, Darvish H. A novel c.240_241insGG mutation in NDP gene in a family with Norrie disease. Clin Exp Optom 2017; 101:255-259. [PMID: 28922694 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Norrie disease (ND) is a rare, X-linked recessive disorder with the main characteristic of early childhood blindness. The aim of the present study was to identify the genetic cause of the disease and the phenotypic characteristics of the patients in an Iranian family with four affected males with ND. METHODS Norrie disease pseudoglioma (NDP) gene was sequenced and clinical examination was performed on patients. RESULTS A GG dinucleotide insertion in exon 3 (c.240_241insGG) of NDP was detected in all patients. The mutation caused a frameshift and an early stop codon (p.Phe81Glyfs*23). CONCLUSIONS A novel mutation was found in the NDP gene in the affected males of the family. As the mutation was absent in the normal male members of the family, it should be the genetic cause of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monavvar Andarva
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Jamshidi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghaedi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narsis Daftarian
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Emamalizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Alehabib
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghyegh Taghavi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Pouriran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Darvish
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kim HU, Shin SH, Park SP. Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injection in Adult-onset Coats' Disease: A Case Report. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2017.58.7.870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Ul Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Pyo Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Wnt-signaling, a ubiquitous pathway that directs differentiation, cell polarity, and tissue specificity, has been implicated as an important gene-expression pathway in retinal development. An increasing body of evidence supports the importance of Wnt-signaling, and specifically, norrin-mediated Wnt-signaling in retinal development and retinal maintenance. Gene mutations affecting the Wnt-signaling pathways result in a variety of inherited vitreoretinopathies. Additionally, there is growing evidence that prematurity and associated retinopathy are associated with alterations in the Wnt-signaling pathways. Further investigations may allow for improved diagnoses, management, and therapies in the future.
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Ngo MH, Borowska-Fielding J, Heathcote G, Nejat S, Kelly ME, McMaster CR, Robitaille JM. Fzd4 Haploinsufficiency Delays Retinal Revascularization in the Mouse Model of Oxygen Induced Retinopathy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158320. [PMID: 27489958 PMCID: PMC4973993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes that code for components of the Norrin-FZD4 ligand-receptor complex cause the inherited childhood blinding disorder familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR). Statistical evidence from studies of patients at risk for the acquired disease retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) suggest that rare polymorphisms in these same genes increase the risk of developing severe ROP, implying that decreased Norrin-FZD4 activity predisposes patients to more severe ROP. To test this hypothesis, we measured the development and recovery of retinopathy in wild type and Fzd4 heterozygous mice in the absence or presence of ocular ischemic retinopathy (OIR) treatment. Avascular and total retinal vascular areas and patterning were determined, and vessel number and caliber were quantified. In room air, there was a small delay in retinal vascularization in Fzd4 heterozygous mice that resolved as mice reached maturity suggestive of a slight defect in retinal vascular development. Subsequent to OIR treatment there was no difference between wild type and Fzd4 heterozygous mice in the vaso-obliterated area following exposure to high oxygen. Importantly, after return of Fzd4 heterozygous mice to room air subsequent to OIR treatment, there was a substantial delay in retinal revascularization of the avascular area surrounding the optic nerve, as well as delayed vascularization toward the periphery of the retina. Our study demonstrates that a small decrease in Norrin-Fzd4 dependent retinal vascular development lengthens the period during which complications from OIR could occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Ngo
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Godfrey Heathcote
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sara Nejat
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Melanie E. Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Johane M. Robitaille
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Vehmeijer WB, Magnusdottir V, Eliasdottir TS, Hardarson SH, Schalij-Delfos NE, Stefánsson E. Retinal Oximetry with Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope in Infants. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148077. [PMID: 26840073 PMCID: PMC4740427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dual wavelength retinal oximetry has been developed for adults, but is not available for infants. Retinal oximetry may provide insight into the pathophysiology of oxygen-mediated diseases like retinopathy of prematurity. More insight in the oxygen metabolism of the retina in infants may provide valuable clues for better understanding and subsequent prevention or treatment of the disease. The measurements of oxygen saturation are obtained with two fundus images simultaneously captured in two different wavelengths of light. The comparison in light absorption of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin can be used to estimate the oxygen saturation within the retinal vessels by means of a software algorithm. This study aims to make retinal oximetry available for neonates. The first step towards estimating retinal oxygen saturation is determining the optical density ratio. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to image healthy newborn infants with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope and determine the optical density ratio for retinal oximetry analysis. Methods Images of the retina of full-term healthy infants were obtained with an SLO, Optomap 200Tx (Optos), with two laser wavelengths (532nm and 633nm). The infant lay face down on the lower arm of the parent, while the parent supported the chest and chin with one hand, and stabilized the back with the other hand. No mydriatics or eyelid specula were used during this study. The images were analyzed with modified Oxymap Analyzer software for calculation of the Optical Density Ratio (ODR) and vessel width. The ODR is inversely and approximately linearly related to the oxygen saturation. Measurements were included from the superotemporal vessel pair. A paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results Fifty-nine infants, (58% female), were included with mean gestational age of 40 ± 1.3 weeks (mean ± SD) and mean post-natal age of 16 ± 4.8 days. A total of 28 images were selected for retinal oximetry analysis. The ODR was 0.256 ± 0.041 for the arterioles and 0.421 ± 0.089 for the venules (n = 28, p < 0.001). The measured vessel-width for the arterioles was 14.1 ± 2.7 pixels and for the venules 19.7 ± 3.7 pixels (n = 28, p < 0.001). Conclusions Retinal oximetry can be performed in newborn infants by combining an SLO and a dual-wavelength algorithm software. Sensitivity of the approach is indicated by the fact that the ODR measurements are significantly different between the arterioles and the venules. However, more variability in ODR is seen with the SLO approach in babies than is seen with conventional oximetry in adults. This approach is completely non-invasive, non-contact and even avoids the use of mydriatics or eyelid specula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter B. Vehmeijer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Thorunn S. Eliasdottir
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iceland, Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sveinn Hakon Hardarson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iceland, Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Nicoline E. Schalij-Delfos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Einar Stefánsson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iceland, Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- * E-mail:
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Sızmaz S, Yonekawa Y, T Trese M. Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Turk J Ophthalmol 2015; 45:164-168. [PMID: 27800225 PMCID: PMC5082275 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.67699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a hereditary disease associated with visual loss, particularly in the pediatric group. Mutations in the NDP, FZD4, LRP5, and TSPAN12 genes have been shown to contribute to FEVR. FEVR has been reported to have X-linked recessive, autosomal dominant, and autosomal recessive inheritances. However, both the genotypic and phenotypic features are variable. Novel mutations contributing to the disease have been reported. The earliest and the most prominent finding of the disease is avascularity in the peripheral retina. As the disease progresses, retinal neovascularization, subretinal exudation, partial and total retinal detachment may occur, which may be associated with certain mutations. With early diagnosis and prompt management visual loss can be prevented with laser photocoagulation and anti-VEGF injections. In case of retinal detachment, pars plana vitrectomy alone or combined with scleral buckling should be considered. Identifying asymptomatic family members with various degrees of insidious findings is of certain importance. Wide-field imaging with fluorescein angiography is crucial in the management of this disease. The differential diagnosis includes other pediatric vitreoretinopathies such as Norrie disease, retinopathy of prematurity, and Coats’ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selçuk Sızmaz
- Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Adana, Turkey
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Dailey WA, Gryc W, Garg PG, Drenser KA. Frizzled-4 Variations Associated with Retinopathy and Intrauterine Growth Retardation: A Potential Marker for Prematurity and Retinopathy. Ophthalmology 2015; 122:1917-23. [PMID: 26119001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To present the association between mutations affecting the Wnt-signaling receptor protein (FZD4), inherited vitreoretinopathies, and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). DESIGN Retrospective analysis of prospective samples at a tertiary referral center. PARTICIPANTS Patients referred to our practice for management of a variety of pediatric vitreoretinopathies were offered participation in an ophthalmic biobank (421 participants with vitreoretinopathies were included in this study). Full-term healthy infants (n = 98) were recruited to the study as controls. METHODS Patients with various vitreoretinopathies were prospectively enrolled in an ophthalmic biobank, approved by the Human Investigation Committee at William Beaumont Hospital. Retrospective genetic analysis of the FZD4 gene was performed (Sanger sequencing). Participants with a diagnosis of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), Norrie disease, Coats' disease, bilateral persistent fetal vasculature, and ROP were reviewed for the presence of a FZD4 variant. Data retrieval included status of retinopathy (including staging when possible), gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW) (when available), and family and birth histories. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The association of FZD4 variants with the presence of vitreoretinopathy. RESULTS The sequence variation p.[P33S(;)P168S] is the most prevalent FZD4 variant and is statistically significant for ROP and FEVR (P = 4.6E-04 and P = 2.4E-03, respectively) compared with full-term newborns (P = 1.7E-01). In addition, infants expressing the sequence variation tended to have significantly lower BWs for respective GA (P = 0.04). This suggests that the FZD4 p.[P33S(;)P168S] variant may be a risk factor for retinopathy and restricted intrauterine growth. CONCLUSIONS Testing for FZD4 gene mutations is useful in patients with suspected FEVR and ROP. The relatively high prevalence of the p.[P33S(;)P168S] variant in ROP and intrauterine growth restriction suggests that it also may be a marker for increased risk of developing ROP and preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Dailey
- Research Institute, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Wojciech Gryc
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Pooja G Garg
- Research Institute, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Kimberly A Drenser
- Associated Retinal Consultants, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan.
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Kondo H. Complex genetics of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy and related pediatric retinal detachments. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2015; 5:56-62. [PMID: 29018668 PMCID: PMC5602728 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjo.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a hereditary vitreoretinal disorder that can cause various types of retinal detachments. The abnormalities in eyes with FEVR are caused by poor vascularization in the peripheral retina. The genetics of FEVR is highly heterogeneous, and mutations in the genes for Wnt signaling and a transcription factor have been reported to be responsible for FEVR. These factors have been shown to be the regulators of the pathophysiological pathways of retinal vascular development. Studies conducted to identify the causative genes of FEVR have uncovered a diverse and complex relationship between FEVR and other diseases; for example, Norrie disease, a Mendelian-inherited disease; retinopathy of prematurity, a multifactorial genetic disease; and Coats disease, a nongenetic disease, associated with pediatric retinal detachments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kondo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Number 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan. E-mail address:
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Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy and related retinopathies. Eye (Lond) 2014; 29:1-14. [PMID: 25323851 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2014.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a rare inherited disorder of retinal angiogenesis. Cases can be autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked. FEVR patients have an avascular peripheral retina which, depending on the degree of ischaemia, causes the secondary complications of the disease. Expressivity may be asymmetric and is highly variable. Five genes have been identified that when mutated, cause FEVR; NDP (X-linked), FZD4 (autosomal dominant and recessive), LRP5 (autosomal dominant and recessive), TSPAN12 (autosomal dominant and recessive), and ZNF408 (autosomal dominant). Four of these genes have been shown to have a central role in Norrin/Frizzled4 signalling, suggesting a critical role for this pathway in retinal angiogenesis. In addition to the ocular features, LRP5 mutations can cause osteopenia and osteoporosis. All FEVR patients in whom molecular testing is not easily accessible should have dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans to assess bone mineral density, as treatment can be initiated to reduce the risk of bone fractures.
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Wassink TH, Hazlett HC, Davis LK, Reiss AL, Piven J. Testing for association of the monoamine oxidase A promoter polymorphism with brain structure volumes in both autism and the fragile X syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 2014; 6:6. [PMID: 24669826 PMCID: PMC3987046 DOI: 10.1186/1866-1955-6-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism and the fragile X syndrome (FXS) are related to each other genetically and symptomatically. A cardinal biological feature of both disorders is abnormalities of cerebral cortical brain volumes. We have previously shown that the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) promoter polymorphism is associated with cerebral cortical volumes in children with autism, and we now sought to determine whether the association was also present in children with FXS. METHODS Participants included 47 2-year-old Caucasian boys with FXS, some of whom also had autism, as well as 34 2-year-old boys with idiopathic autism analyzed in a previous study. The MAOA promoter polymorphism was genotyped and tested for relationships with gray and white matter volumes of the cerebral cortical lobes and cerebro-spinal fluid volume of the lateral ventricles. RESULTS MAOA genotype effects in FXS children were the same as those previously observed in idiopathic autism: the low activity MAOA promoter polymorphism allele was associated with increased gray and white matter volumes in all cerebral lobes. The effect was most pronounced in frontal lobe gray matter and all three white matter regions: frontal gray, F = 4.39, P = 0.04; frontal white, F = 5.71, P = 0.02; temporal white, F = 4.73, P = 0.04; parieto-occipital white, F = 5.00, P = 0.03. Analysis of combined FXS and idiopathic autism samples produced P values for these regions <0.01 and effect sizes of approximately 0.10. CONCLUSIONS The MAOA promoter polymorphism is similarly associated with brain structure volumes in both idiopathic autism and FXS. These data illuminate a number of important aspects of autism and FXS heritability: a genetic effect on a core biological trait of illness, the specificity/generalizability of the genetic effect, and the utility of examining individual genetic effects on the background of a single gene disorder such as FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Wassink
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 1-191 MEB, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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Kwinta P, Pietrzyk JJ. Retinopathy of prematurity: is genetic predisposition an important risk factor? EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/17469899.2.2.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Shastry BS. Genetics of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy and its implications for management. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/eop.12.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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MAOA and mechanisms of panic disorder revisited: from bench to molecular psychotherapy. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:122-8. [PMID: 23319006 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Panic disorder with agoraphobia (PD/AG) is a prevalent mental disorder featuring a substantial complex genetic component. At present, only a few established risk genes exist. Among these, the gene encoding monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is noteworthy given that genetic variation has been demonstrated to influence gene expression and monoamine levels. Long alleles of the MAOA-uVNTR promoter polymorphism are associated with PD/AG and correspond with increased enzyme activity. Here, we have thus investigated the impact of MAOA-uVNTR on therapy response, behavioral avoidance and brain activity in fear conditioning in a large controlled and randomized multicenter study on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in PD/AG. The study consisted of 369 PD/AG patients, and genetic information was available for 283 patients. Carriers of the risk allele had significantly worse outcome as measured by the Hamilton Anxiety scale (46% responders vs 67%, P=0.017). This was accompanied by elevated heart rate and increased fear during an anxiety-provoking situation, that is, the behavioral avoidance task. All but one panic attack that happened during this task occurred in risk allele carriers and, furthermore, risk allele carriers did not habituate to the situation during repetitive exposure. Finally, functional neuroimaging during a classical fear conditioning paradigm evidenced that the protective allele is associated with increased activation of the anterior cingulate cortex upon presentation of the CS+ during acquisition of fear. Further differentiation between high- and low-risk subjects after treatment was observed in the inferior parietal lobes, suggesting differential brain activation patterns upon CBT. Taken together, we established that a genetic risk factor for PD/AG is associated with worse response to CBT and identify potential underlying neural mechanisms. These findings might govern how psychotherapy can include genetic information to tailor individualized treatment approaches.
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Zhang XY, Jiang WY, Chen LM, Chen SQ. A novel Norrie disease pseudoglioma gene mutation, c.-1_2delAAT, responsible for Norrie disease in a Chinese family. Int J Ophthalmol 2013; 6:739-43. [PMID: 24392318 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.06.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the genetic findings and phenotypic characteristics of a Chinese family with Norrie disease (ND). METHODS Molecular genetic analysis and clinical examinations were performed on a Chinese family with ND. Mutations in the Norrie disease pseudoglioma (NDP) gene were detected by direct sequencing. Haplotypes were constructed and compared with the phenotypes in the family. Evolutionary comparisons and mutant open reading frame (ORF) prediction were also undertaken. RESULTS Two family members with ocular manifestations were diagnosed with ND. No signs of sensorineural hearing loss were observed in either patient, while one of them showed signs of mild mental retardation. A novel heterozygous mutation in the NDP gene, c.-1_2delAAT, was detected in both patients. The mutation and the mutation bearing haplotype co-segregated with the ND phenotype in males and was transmitted from their mothers and/or grandmothers (II:2). The male without ND did not harbor the mutation. The mutation occurred at the highly conserved nucleotides. ORF finder predicted that the mutation would lead to the production of a truncated protein that lacks the first 11 N-terminal amino acids. CONCLUSION A novel mutation, c.-1_2delAAT in the NDP gene, was identified in a Chinese family with ND. This mutation caused ND without obvious sensorineural hearing loss. Mental disorder was found in one but not the other patients. The clinical heterogeneity in the family indicated that other genetic variants and epigenetic factors may also play a role in the disease presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Ying Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lu-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Su-Qin Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
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Gnanaguru G, Bachay G, Biswas S, Pinzón-Duarte G, Hunter DD, Brunken WJ. Laminins containing the β2 and γ3 chains regulate astrocyte migration and angiogenesis in the retina. Development 2013; 140:2050-60. [PMID: 23571221 DOI: 10.1242/dev.087817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathologies of retinal blood vessels are among the major causes of blindness worldwide. A key cell type that regulates retinal vascular development is the astrocyte. Generated extrinsically to the retina, astrocytes migrate into the retina through the optic nerve head. Even though there is a strong correlation between astrocyte distribution and retinal vascular development, the factors that guide astrocytes into the retina remain unclear. In this study, we show that astrocytes migrate within a laminin-containing basement membrane - the inner limiting membrane. Genetic deletion of the laminin β2 and γ3 chains affects astrocyte migration and spatial distribution. We show that laminins act as haptotactic factors in vitro in an isoform-specific manner, inducing astrocyte migration and promoting astrocyte differentiation. The addition of exogenous laminins to laminin-null retinal explants rescues astrocyte migration and spatial patterning. Furthermore, we show that the loss of laminins reduces β1 integrin expression in astrocytes. Culturing laminin-null retinal astrocytes on laminin substrates restores focal localization of β1 integrin. Finally, we show that laminins containing β2 and γ3 chains regulate subsequent retinal blood vessel growth and maintain vascular integrity. These in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate clearly that laminins containing β2 and γ3 chains are indispensable for migration and spatial organization of astrocytes and that they play a crucial role during retinal angiogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalan Gnanaguru
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology, and the SUNY Eye Institute, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA
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Reif A, Weber H, Domschke K, Klauke B, Baumann C, Jacob CP, Ströhle A, Gerlach AL, Alpers GW, Pauli P, Hamm A, Kircher T, Arolt V, Wittchen HU, Binder EB, Erhardt A, Deckert J. Meta-analysis argues for a female-specific role of MAOA-uVNTR in panic disorder in four European populations. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:786-93. [PMID: 22911667 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Panic disorder (PD) is a common mental disorder, ranking highest among the anxiety disorders in terms of disease burden. The pathogenesis of PD is multifactorial with significant heritability, however only a few convincing risk genes have been reported thus far. One of the most promising candidates is the gene encoding monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), due to its key role in monoaminergic neurotransmission, established validity of animal models, and the efficacy of MAO inhibitors in the treatment of PD. A promoter repeat polymorphism in MAOA (MAOA-uVNTR) impacts on gene expression; high-expression alleles have been reported to increase the risk for PD. To further scrutinize the role of this polymorphism, we performed a formal meta-analysis on MAOA-uVNTR and PD using original data from four published European (Estonian, German, Italian, and Polish) samples and genotypes from three hitherto unpublished German PD samples, resulting in the largest (n = 1,115 patients and n = 1,260 controls) genetic study on PD reported to date. In the unpublished samples, evidence for association of MAOA-uVNTR with PD was obtained in one of the three samples. Results of the meta-analysis revealed a significant and female-specific association when calculating an allelic model (OR = 1.23, P = 0.006). This sex-specific effect might be explained by a gene-dose effect causing higher MAOA expression in females. Taken together, our meta-analysis therefore argues that high-expression MAOA-uVNTR alleles significantly increase the risk towards PD in women. However, epigenetic mechanisms might obfuscate the genetic association, calling for ascertainment in larger samples as well as assessment of the MAOA promoter methylation status therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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40
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Edwards TL, Burt BO, Black GCM, Perveen R, Kearns LS, Staffieri SE, Toomes C, Buttery RG, Mackey DA. Familial retinal detachment associated with COL2A1 exon 2 and FZD4 mutations. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012; 40:476-83. [PMID: 22574936 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2012.02804.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To characterize the clinical and genetic abnormalities within two Australian pedigrees with high incidences of retinal detachment and visual disability. DESIGN Prospective review of two extended Australian pedigrees with high rates of retinal detachment. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-two family members from two extended Australian pedigrees with high rates of retinal detachment were examined. METHODS A full ophthalmic history and examination were performed, and DNA was analysed by linkage analysis and mutation screening. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Characterization of a causative hereditary gene mutation in each family. RESULTS All affected family members of one pedigree carried a C192A COL2A1 exon 2 mutation. None of the affected family members had early-onset arthritis, hearing abnormalities, abnormal clefting or facial features characteristic of classical Stickler syndrome. All affected members of the familial exudative vitreoretinopathy pedigree carried a 957delG FZD4 mutation. CONCLUSIONS Patients with retinal detachment and a positive family history should be investigated for heritable conditions associated with retinal detachment such as Stickler syndrome and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. The absence of non-ocular features of Stickler syndrome should raise the possibility of mutations in exon 2 of COL2A1. Similarly, late-onset familial exudative vitreoretinopathy may appear more like a rhegmatogenous detachment and not be correctly diagnosed. When a causative gene mutation is identified, cascade genetic screening of the family will facilitate genetic counselling and screening of high-risk relatives, allowing targeted management of the pre-detachment changes in affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Edwards
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Department of Ophthalmology Vitreo-retinal Unit, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria
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Yang H, Li S, Xiao X, Guo X, Zhang Q. Screening for NDP mutations in 44 unrelated patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy or Norrie disease. Curr Eye Res 2012; 37:726-9. [PMID: 22563645 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2012.675615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To screen mutations in the norrin (NDP) gene in 44 unrelated Chinese patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR, 38 cases) or Norrie disease (6 cases) and to describe the associated phenotypes. METHODS Of the 44 patients, mutation in FZD4, LRP5, and TSPAN12 was excluded in 38 patients with FEVR in previous study. Sanger sequencing was used to analyze the 2 coding exons and their adjacent regions of NDP in the 44 patients. Clinical data were presented for patients with mutation. RESULTS NDP variants in 5 of the 6 patients with Norrie disease were identified, including a novel missense mutation (c.164G>A, p.Cys55Phe) in one patient, two known missense mutations (c.122G>A, p.Arg41Lys; c.220C>T, p.Arg74Cys) in two patients, and a gross deletion encompassing the two coding exons in two patients. Of the 5 patients, 3 had a family history and 2 were singleton cases. No mutation in NDP was detected in the 38 patients with FEVR. CONCLUSIONS NDP mutations are common cause of Norrie disease but might be rare cause for FEVR in Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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42
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Ghorbanian S, Jaulim A, Chatziralli IP. Diagnosis and treatment of coats' disease: a review of the literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 227:175-82. [PMID: 22440929 DOI: 10.1159/000336906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Coats' disease is an idiopathic, ophthalmic condition characterized by retinal telangiectasis, intraretinal and subretinal exudation, which can lead to retinal detachment. It is mostly unilateral, progressive and affects mainly males during childhood, although adult cases have also been described. In this review, we make an update of the literature about Coats' disease, emphasizing on diagnosis and treatment, including the most recent treatment modalities, i.e. anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samim Ghorbanian
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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43
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Chen J, Stahl A, Krah NM, Seaward MR, Joyal JS, Juan AM, Hatton CJ, Aderman CM, Dennison RJ, Willett KL, Sapieha P, Smith LEH. Retinal expression of Wnt-pathway mediated genes in low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (Lrp5) knockout mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30203. [PMID: 22272305 PMCID: PMC3260226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (Lrp5) impair retinal angiogenesis in patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), a rare type of blinding vascular eye disease. The defective retinal vasculature phenotype in human FEVR patients is recapitulated in Lrp5 knockout (Lrp5−/−) mouse with delayed and incomplete development of retinal vessels. In this study we examined gene expression changes in the developing Lrp5−/− mouse retina to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathology of FEVR in humans. Gene expression levels were assessed with an Illumina microarray on total RNA from Lrp5−/− and WT retinas isolated on postnatal day (P) 8. Regulated genes were confirmed using RT-qPCR analysis. Consistent with a role in vascular development, we identified expression changes in genes involved in cell-cell adhesion, blood vessel morphogenesis and membrane transport in Lrp5−/− retina compared to WT retina. In particular, tight junction protein claudin5 and amino acid transporter slc38a5 are both highly down-regulated in Lrp5−/− retina. Similarly, several Wnt ligands including Wnt7b show decreased expression levels. Plasmalemma vesicle associated protein (plvap), an endothelial permeability marker, in contrast, is up-regulated consistent with increased permeability in Lrp5−/− retinas. Together these data suggest that Lrp5 regulates multiple groups of genes that influence retinal angiogenesis and may contribute to the pathogenesis of FEVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- University Eye Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nathan M. Krah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Molly R. Seaward
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jean-Sebastian Joyal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aimee M. Juan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Colman J. Hatton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Aderman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roberta J. Dennison
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Keirnan L. Willett
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Przemyslaw Sapieha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lois E. H. Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jakobiec FA, Zakka FR, D'Amato R, Deangelis MM, Walton DS, Rao RC. Unilateral sporadic retinal dysplasia: results of histopathologic, immunohistochemical, chromosomal, genetic, and VEGF-A analyses. J AAPOS 2011; 15:579-86. [PMID: 22153404 PMCID: PMC4242509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe new findings in a case of unilateral retinal dysplasia. METHODS Histopathologic evaluation of an enucleated globe and analysis with immunohistochemical probes, karyotyping, and genetic analysis for the Norrie gene, and aqueous assay for vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). RESULTS Histopathological examination of the globe revealed retinal dysplasia with pseudorosette formation, abnormal or absent retinal nuclear lamination, a paucity of disorganized retinal microvasculature, retinal infoldings, advanced gliosis, persistent hyperplastic vitreous, exuberant neovascularization of the vitreous, and iris neovascularization (identical to the findings observed in bilateral Norrie disease). Immunohistochemistry disclosed GFAP-positive and GLUT-1-positive gliosis and retinal and persistent hyperplastic vitreous microvessels that were CD34-positive and GLUT-1-negative. Ki-67-positive retinal cells were polarized toward the subretinal space and absent in the retinal invaginations and pseudorosettes. A normal karyotype was found, and DNA sequencing revealed no known mutation in the region of the Norrie gene (NDP) in sputum or retinal DNA. Aqueous obtained immediately after enucleation contained an exceptionally high concentration of VEGF-A (4.5 ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS Despite the failure to find an abnormal NDP allele, other unexplored NDP regions, an undetected defect restricted to retinal tissues, or an autosomal mutation coupled with disrupted signaling pathways may be responsible for the condition. High aqueous VEGF-A suggests that this cytokine may play a role in pathogenesis in conjunction with other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A Jakobiec
- David G. Cogan Laboratory of Ophthalmic Pathology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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Gharaibeh A, Khassawneh M, Khriesat W, Alkhatib S, Migdadi Y. Adopting Western Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening Programs in Eastern Countries, are we Screening Properly? Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2011; 18:209-13. [PMID: 21887075 PMCID: PMC3162732 DOI: 10.4103/0974-9233.84047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among Jordanian preterm infants and evaluate the efficacy of applying current Western screening guidelines for Jordanian preterms. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective, descriptive hospital-based study, we collected data on preterm infants who were referred by their neonatologist for ROP screening at King Abdullah University Hospital between July 2006 and June 2007. Guidelines suggested by the American Academy of Pediatrics were followed. Additionally, older preterms considered at risk for ROP by the neonatal intensive care unit were screened. Any neonate with stage 1 ROP or higher in either eye was considered a positive case of ROP. RESULTS Ninety-one preterms were included in the study. The median birth weight was 1390 gm (range,730-1980 gms) and the gestational age ranged from 26 to 35 weeks with 64.8% of preterms ≤ 32 weeks. ROP occurred in 28.6% of all patients, in 20% of infants with birth weight greater than 1500 gms and in 9.4% of preterms with gestational age ≥ 32 weeks. Six patients (6.6%) required laser treatment, two with low birth weight greater than 1250 gm and one was 33 weeks of age. Consanguinity was identified in 19.2% of infants with ROP while consanguinity in infants who did not develop ROP was 1.9%. This difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION ROP occurs in premature infants in Jordan with gestational age above 32 weeks and birth weight above 1250 gm. Future guidelines for screening should incorporate the current study outcomes. A prospective, population-based is required to set national guidelines for ROP screening in the Jordanian population and similarly for different populations worldwide. Consanguinity may play a role in ROP development and further genetic studies may aid in elucidating the pathogenesis of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almutez Gharaibeh
- Department of Special Surgery-Division of Ophthalmology, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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46
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Chen J, Stahl A, Krah NM, Seaward MR, Dennison RJ, Sapieha P, Hua J, Hatton CJ, Juan AM, Aderman CM, Willett KL, Guerin KI, Mammoto A, Campbell M, Smith LEH. Wnt signaling mediates pathological vascular growth in proliferative retinopathy. Circulation 2011; 124:1871-81. [PMID: 21969016 PMCID: PMC3326389 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.040337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic proliferative retinopathy, characterized by pathological retinal neovascularization, is a major cause of blindness in working-age adults and children. Defining the molecular pathways distinguishing pathological neovascularization from normal vessels is critical to controlling these blinding diseases with targeted therapy. Because mutations in Wnt signaling cause defective retinal vasculature in humans with some characteristics of the pathological vessels in retinopathy, we investigated the potential role of Wnt signaling in pathological retinal vascular growth in proliferative retinopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we show that Wnt receptors (Frizzled4 and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein5 [Lrp5]) and activity are significantly increased in pathological neovascularization in a mouse model of oxygen-induced proliferative retinopathy. Loss of Wnt coreceptor Lrp5 and downstream signaling molecule dishevelled2 significantly decreases the formation of pathological retinal neovascularization in retinopathy. Loss of Lrp5 also affects retinal angiogenesis during development and formation of the blood-retinal barrier, which is linked to significant downregulation of tight junction protein claudin5 in Lrp5(-/-) vessels. Blocking claudin5 significantly suppresses Wnt pathway-driven endothelial cell sprouting in vitro and developmental and pathological vascular growth in retinopathy in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate an important role of Wnt signaling in pathological vascular development in retinopathy and show a novel function of Cln5 in promoting angiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelium, Vascular/growth & development
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Frizzled Receptors/biosynthesis
- Frizzled Receptors/physiology
- Humans
- Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5/biosynthesis
- Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5/physiology
- Lysosomal Membrane Proteins
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Receptors, Wnt/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Wnt/physiology
- Retina/growth & development
- Retina/pathology
- Retina/physiology
- Wnt Signaling Pathway/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School/Children's Hospital Boston, Boston MA 02115, USA
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Ranchod TM, Ho LY, Drenser KA, Capone A, Trese MT. Clinical presentation of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Ophthalmology 2011; 118:2070-5. [PMID: 21868098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical characteristics, staging and presentation of patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) in our clinical practice over the last 25 years. DESIGN Case series, retrospective review. PARTICIPANTS We included 273 eyes of 145 patients. METHODS Data collected from charts included gender, gestational age at birth, birthweight, age at presentation, referring diagnosis, family history, prior ocular surgery, and clinical presentation in each eye. Eyes with invasive posterior segment procedures before initial presentation were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Demographics on presentation and clinical staging. RESULTS Patients were slightly male predominant (57%) with a mean birthweight of 2.80 kg (range, 740 g-4.76 kg), mean gestational age of 37.8 weeks (range, 25-42), and mean age at presentation of almost 6 years (range, <1 month-49 years). A positive family history of FEVR was obtained in 18% of patients. A positive family history for ocular disease consistent with but not diagnosed as FEVR was obtained in an additional 19%. Stage 1 FEVR was identified in 45 eyes, stage 2 in 33 eyes, stage 3 in 42 eyes, stage 4 in 89 eyes, and stage 5 in 44 eyes. Radial retinal folds were seen in 77 eyes, 64 of which were temporal or inferotemporal in location. CONCLUSIONS The FEVR patient population is remarkable for the wide range of age at presentation, gestational age, and birthweight. Although a positive family history on presentation may support the diagnosis of FEVR, a negative family history is of little help. The majority of retinal folds extended radially in the temporal quadrants, but radial folds were seen in almost all quadrants. Fellow eyes demonstrated a wide variation in symmetry. The presentation of FEVR may mimic the presentation of other pediatric and adult vitreoretinal disorders, and careful examination is often crucial in making the diagnosis of FEVR. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any of the materials discussed in this article.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite current treatments, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains a major cause of blindness in premature infants and the incidence is increasing with increased survival of infants born at very early gestational ages. This review summarizes the recent literature on ROP with a special focus on recent advances in treatment options as well as newly developed methods for disease screening. RECENT FINDINGS Genetic studies find a genetic predisposition to ROP-linking genes in the Wnt pathway with development of severe ROP. With regard to diagnosis, a new screening method has been developed that allows prediction of ROP risk based on postnatal body weight gain alone. Formerly weight gain postnatally in combination with insulin-like growth factor levels was found to predict treatable ROP. New treatment options for severe cases of ROP have been proposed targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Whether anti-VEGF treatment is well tolerated in preterm infants, however, has to be further evaluated in controlled clinical trials. Finally, new reports from the early treatment ROP group suggest that early laser treatment for type 1 but not type 2 high-risk prethreshold ROP improves visual acuity outcomes at 6 years of age. SUMMARY With the increasing survival of premature infants and increased incidence of ROP, it is important to screen for ROP risk and treat at-risk patients in a timely manner to preserve their visual function and reduce complications.
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Fitzsimons RB. Retinal vascular disease and the pathogenesis of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. A signalling message from Wnt? Neuromuscul Disord 2011; 21:263-71. [PMID: 21377364 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The peripheral retinal vascular abnormality which accompanies FSHD belongs morphologically and clinically to a class of developmental 'retinal hypovasculopathies' caused by abnormalities of 'Wnt' signalling, which controls retinal angiogenesis. Wnt signalling is also fundamental to myogenesis. This paper integrates modern concepts of myogenic cell signalling and of transcription factor expression and control with data from the classic early ophthalmic and myology embryology literature. Together, they support an hypothesis that abnormalities of Wnt signalling, which activates myogenic programs and transcription factors in myoblasts and satellite cells, leads to defective muscle regeneration in FSHD. The selective vulnerability of different FSHD muscles (notably facial muscle, from the second branchial arch) might reflect patterns of transcription factor redundancies. This hypothesis has implications for FSHD research through study of transcription factors patterning in normal human muscles, and for autologous cell transplantation.
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Shane TS, Berrocal AM, Hess DJ. Bilateral fluorescein angiographic findings in unilateral Coats' disease. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2011; 42 Online:e15-7. [PMID: 21323189 DOI: 10.3928/15428877-20110203-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two patients with clinically unilateral Coats' disease were imaged with fluorescein angiography during an examination under anesthesia. Both patients were found to have abnormal retinal vasculature in their contralateral eye. These findings may represent a previously unrecognized bilateral component of Coats' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Shane
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
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