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Barba-Gallardo LF, Salas-Hernández LH, Villafán-Bernal JR, Marín-Nájera PDS, García-López DM, López-Garcia ADC, Castro-Quezada I. Refractive status of patients attending eye clinics of the Public Health System from Aguascalientes, Mexico. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2021; 14:328-334. [PMID: 34167928 PMCID: PMC8569395 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper aims to evaluate the prevalence of REs in a clinic from Aguascalientes, Mexico by analysing clinical records from the local public health system. Refractive errors (REs) are quite common globally, but no data have been published regarding their frequency in clinics from Mexico. A priori, the frequency of ametropias should be high as admixture ancestry from this region is mainly European and Amerindian, the regions with high prevalence worldwide. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2195 subjects from records of public optometry services during the year 2018. Information obtained included age, gender, sphere, cylinder and axis. The prevalence of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism was determined by gender and age groups in paediatric and adult patients. Chi-square testing was applied to determine significant differences in prevalence across age groups and gender. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS In subjects under 18 years of age, the prevalence of emmetropia, astigmatism, myopia and hyperopia was 20.1%, 51.1%, 7.0% and 11.8%, respectively. In adults, emmetropia was present at a frequency of 20.1%, while 57.1% presented astigmatism, 12.4% hyperopia and 8.6% presented myopia. A significant association was observed between the presence of REs and age and gender. CONCLUSIONS In this first report of prevalence of REs from western Mexico, astigmatism was the most prevalent RE in children, adolescents and adults while the least common was myopia. Important differences were found in prevalence in comparison to national and international reports.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Diana Miranda García-López
- Departamento de Medicina, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, México
| | | | - Itandehui Castro-Quezada
- Departamento de Nutrición, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, México
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McGlacken-Byrne AB, Drinkwater JJ, Mackey DA, Turner AW. Gender and ethnic differences in pterygium prevalence: an audit of remote Australian clinics. Clin Exp Optom 2020; 104:74-77. [PMID: 32363676 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Developing an accurate picture of the demographic profile and refractive status of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal individuals with pterygium will facilitate health planning and appropriate deployment of health-care resources in rural Australia. BACKGROUND To date, there is a paucity of reports in the literature regarding Aboriginal ocular health and refractive error. This study examines clinical data from a rural ophthalmology outreach clinic - a predominantly Aboriginal population. METHODS An assessment was undertaken of data of 293 patients noted to have pterygium present in at least one eye, from a sample of 2,072 individuals seen in rural northern Western Australia in 2017 by the Lions Outback Vision Visiting Optometry Service. RESULTS Pterygium was found in 14.1 per cent (n = 293) of patients using the Lions Outback Vision service. The mean age of those with pterygium (n = 293) was 57.1 ± 11.9-years (mean ± standard deviation); 188 were female (64.1 per cent); 260 identified as Aboriginal (88.7 per cent), 22 identified as non-Aboriginal (7.5 per cent) and 11 did not specify (3.8 per cent). There were more males than females with pterygium in the non-Aboriginal group (18.0 per cent versus 6.4 per cent); however, the reverse was true in the Aboriginal group (11.7 per cent versus 17.0 per cent). Analysis of the subjective refractive data in those with pterygium revealed an overall mean spherical equivalent value of +0.66 ± 1.28 DS. The median (interquartile range) best-corrected visual acuity was 0.0 (-0.1 to 0.0) logMAR (6/6 Snellen equivalent). CONCLUSIONS This paper increases our knowledge of ocular health in a remote Australian population, with an emphasis on the differences between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal individuals, males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David A Mackey
- Lions Outback Vision, Lions Eye Institute , Perth, Australia.,Centre of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia , Perth, Australia
| | - Angus W Turner
- Lions Outback Vision, Lions Eye Institute , Perth, Australia.,Centre of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia , Perth, Australia
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Williams KM, Bertelsen G, Cumberland P, Wolfram C, Verhoeven VJM, Anastasopoulos E, Buitendijk GHS, Cougnard-Grégoire A, Creuzot-Garcher C, Erke MG, Hogg R, Höhn R, Hysi P, Khawaja AP, Korobelnik JF, Ried J, Vingerling JR, Bron A, Dartigues JF, Fletcher A, Hofman A, Kuijpers RWAM, Luben RN, Oxele K, Topouzis F, von Hanno T, Mirshahi A, Foster PJ, van Duijn CM, Pfeiffer N, Delcourt C, Klaver CCW, Rahi J, Hammond CJ. Increasing Prevalence of Myopia in Europe and the Impact of Education. Ophthalmology 2015; 122:1489-97. [PMID: 25983215 PMCID: PMC4504030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether myopia is becoming more common across Europe and explore whether increasing education levels, an important environmental risk factor for myopia, might explain any temporal trend. Design Meta-analysis of population-based, cross-sectional studies from the European Eye Epidemiology (E3) Consortium. Participants The E3 Consortium is a collaborative network of epidemiological studies of common eye diseases in adults across Europe. Refractive data were available for 61 946 participants from 15 population-based studies performed between 1990 and 2013; participants had a range of median ages from 44 to 78 years. Methods Noncycloplegic refraction, year of birth, and highest educational level achieved were obtained for all participants. Myopia was defined as a mean spherical equivalent ≤−0.75 diopters. A random-effects meta-analysis of age-specific myopia prevalence was performed, with sequential analyses stratified by year of birth and highest level of educational attainment. Main Outcome Measures Variation in age-specific myopia prevalence for differing years of birth and educational level. Results There was a significant cohort effect for increasing myopia prevalence across more recent birth decades; age-standardized myopia prevalence increased from 17.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.6–18.1) to 23.5% (95% CI, 23.2–23.7) in those born between 1910 and 1939 compared with 1940 and 1979 (P = 0.03). Education was significantly associated with myopia; for those completing primary, secondary, and higher education, the age-standardized prevalences were 25.4% (CI, 25.0–25.8), 29.1% (CI, 28.8–29.5), and 36.6% (CI, 36.1–37.2), respectively. Although more recent birth cohorts were more educated, this did not fully explain the cohort effect. Compared with the reference risk of participants born in the 1920s with only primary education, higher education or being born in the 1960s doubled the myopia prevalence ratio–2.43 (CI, 1.26–4.17) and 2.62 (CI, 1.31–5.00), respectively—whereas individuals born in the 1960s and completing higher education had approximately 4 times the reference risk: a prevalence ratio of 3.76 (CI, 2.21–6.57). Conclusions Myopia is becoming more common in Europe; although education levels have increased and are associated with myopia, higher education seems to be an additive rather than explanatory factor. Increasing levels of myopia carry significant clinical and economic implications, with more people at risk of the sight-threatening complications associated with high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Williams
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geir Bertelsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Phillippa Cumberland
- Life Course, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Section, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Wolfram
- University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Virginie J M Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gabriëlle H S Buitendijk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Audrey Cougnard-Grégoire
- University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Creuzot-Garcher
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Nutrition Research Group UMR 1324 INRA, University Hospital Dijon, France
| | - Maja Gran Erke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruth Hogg
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Clinical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - René Höhn
- University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pirro Hysi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-François Korobelnik
- University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Janina Ried
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes R Vingerling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alain Bron
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Nutrition Research Group UMR 1324 INRA, University Hospital Dijon, France
| | - Jean-François Dartigues
- University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Astrid Fletcher
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert W A M Kuijpers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert N Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Konrad Oxele
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Fotis Topouzis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Therese von Hanno
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Ophthalmology, Nordland Hospital, Norway, Bodø, Norway
| | - Alireza Mirshahi
- University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul J Foster
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cécile Delcourt
- University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jugnoo Rahi
- Life Course, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Section, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Hammond
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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