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Alqahtani A, Abed AA, Anderson EE, Lovell NH, Dokos S. A Multi-Domain Continuum Model of Electrical Stimulation of Healthy and Degenerate Retina. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2018:6117-6120. [PMID: 30441730 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A continuum multi-domain model of electrical stimulation of the retina is presented and validated against retinal ganglion cell (RGC) excitation thresholds reported in a recently published in vitro experimental study. We applied our model to investigate the response of the RGC layer to electrical stimulation during mid-to-late stage retinal degeneration for both epiretinal and suprachoroidal configurations. Interestingly, our model predicted that suprachoroidal stimulation of the degenerate retina required increased current thresholds, mainly because of the presence of the glial scar layer. In contrast, epiretinal stimulation thresholds were almost similar for both healthy and degenerate models. The latter finding implies that there is no influence of the glial scar layer on epiretinal stimulation current thresholds.
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Gamieldien R, Stemmet L, Javer J, Fortuin E, Clarke-Farr PC. Emerging technologies in artificial ocular devices: A systematic review. AFRICAN VISION AND EYE HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v77i1.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Cheong SK, Strazzeri JM, Williams DR, Merigan WH. All-optical recording and stimulation of retinal neurons in vivo in retinal degeneration mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194947. [PMID: 29596518 PMCID: PMC5875792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we demonstrate the application of a method that could accelerate the development of novel therapies by allowing direct and repeatable visualization of cellular function in the living eye, to study loss of vision in animal models of retinal disease, as well as evaluate the time course of retinal function following therapeutic intervention. We use high-resolution adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy to image fluorescence from the calcium sensor GCaMP6s. In mice with photoreceptor degeneration (rd10), we measured restored visual responses in ganglion cell layer neurons expressing the red-shifted channelrhodopsin ChrimsonR over a six-week period following significant loss of visual responses. Combining a fluorescent calcium sensor, a channelrhodopsin, and adaptive optics enables all-optical stimulation and recording of retinal neurons in the living eye. Because the retina is an accessible portal to the central nervous system, our method also provides a novel non-invasive method of dissecting neuronal processing in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Keen Cheong
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jennifer M. Strazzeri
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - David R. Williams
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - William H. Merigan
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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Fletcher EL, Greferath U, Saha S, Anderson EE, Vessey KA. Ganglion Cell Assessment in Rodents with Retinal Degeneration. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1753:261-273. [PMID: 29564795 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7720-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of how retinal ganglion cells change in retinal degeneration is critical for evaluating the potential of photoreceptor restorative therapies. Immunocytochemistry in combination with image analysis provides a way for quantifying not only the density of ganglion cells during disease, but also information about their morphology and an evaluation of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Here, we describe how indirect immunofluorescence can be used in retinal whole mounts to obtain information about ganglion cells in retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Fletcher
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Ursula Greferath
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susmita Saha
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily E Anderson
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirstan A Vessey
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Jung SW, Shin JY, Pi K, Goo YS, Cho DID. Neuron Stimulation Device Integrated with Silicon Nanowire-Based Photodetection Circuit on a Flexible Substrate. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16122035. [PMID: 27916963 PMCID: PMC5191016 DOI: 10.3390/s16122035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes a neural stimulation device integrated with a silicon nanowire (SiNW)-based photodetection circuit for the activation of neurons with light. The proposed device is comprised of a voltage divider and a current driver in which SiNWs are used as photodetector and field-effect transistors; it has the functions of detecting light, generating a stimulation signal in proportion to the light intensity, and transmitting the signal to a micro electrode. To show the applicability of the proposed neural stimulation device as a high-resolution retinal prosthesis system, a high-density neural stimulation device with a unit cell size of 110×110 μm and a resolution of 32×32 was fabricated on a flexible film with a thickness of approximately 50 μm. Its effectiveness as a retinal stimulation device was then evaluated using a unit cell in an in vitro animal experiment involving the retinal tissue of retinal Degeneration 1 (rd1) mice. Experiments wherein stimulation pulses were applied to the retinal tissues successfully demonstrate that the number of spikes in neural response signals increases in proportion to light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Won Jung
- ISRC/ASRI, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Human Care System Research Center, Convergence System R&D Division, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, 25 Saenari-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13509, Korea.
| | - Jong Yoon Shin
- ISRC/ASRI, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Kilwha Pi
- ISRC/ASRI, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Yong Sook Goo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
| | - Dong-Il Dan Cho
- ISRC/ASRI, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Aplin FP, Vessey KA, Luu CD, Guymer RH, Shepherd RK, Fletcher EL. Retinal Changes in an ATP-Induced Model of Retinal Degeneration. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:46. [PMID: 27199678 PMCID: PMC4850166 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In rodents and felines, intravitreal administration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been shown to induce photoreceptor death providing a tractable model of retinal degeneration in these species. This study investigated the long term effects of photoreceptor loss in an ATP induced feline model of retinal degeneration. Six normal sighted felines were unilaterally blinded using intravitreal ATP injections and assessed using electroretinography (ERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). At 30 h (n = 3) or 12 weeks (n = 3) post-injection, the animals were euthanized and the eyes enucleated. Retinae were sectioned and labeled using immunohistochemistry for markers of cell death, neural remodeling and gliosis. Ongoing cell death and retinal degeneration was observed in the outer retina at both 30 h and 12 weeks following unilateral ATP injection. Markers of mid to late-stage retinal remodeling such as cell displacement and aberrant neurite growth were observed in the inner retina at 12 weeks post-injection. Ganglion cells appeared to remain intact in ATP injected eyes. Müller cell gliosis was observed throughout the inner and outer retina, in some parts completely enveloping and/or displacing the surviving neural tissue. Our data suggests that the ATP injected feline retina continues to undergo progressive retinal degeneration and exhibits abnormalities consistent with a description of retinal remodeling commonly seen in other models of retinal degeneration. These findings validate the use of intravitreal ATP injection in feline as a large animal model of retinal degeneration which may aid in development of therapies aiming to restore visual function after photoreceptor degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix P Aplin
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia; The Bionics Institute, East MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirstan A Vessey
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chi D Luu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn H Guymer
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert K Shepherd
- The Bionics Institute, East MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia; Medical Bionics Department, The University of MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erica L Fletcher
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Saha S, Greferath U, Vessey KA, Grayden DB, Burkitt AN, Fletcher EL. Changes in ganglion cells during retinal degeneration. Neuroscience 2016; 329:1-11. [PMID: 27132232 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Inherited retinal degeneration such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is associated with photoreceptor loss and concomitant morphological and functional changes in the inner retina. It is not known whether these changes are associated with changes in the density and distribution of synaptic inputs to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). We quantified changes in ganglion cell density in rd1 and age-matched C57BL/6J-(wildtype, WT) mice using the immunocytochemical marker, RBPMS. Our data revealed that following complete loss of photoreceptors, (∼3months of age), there was a reduction in ganglion cell density in the peripheral retina. We next examined changes in synaptic inputs to A type ganglion cells by performing double labeling experiments in mice with the ganglion cell reporter lines, rd1-Thy1 and age-matched wildtype-Thy1. Ribbon synapses were identified by co-labelling with CtBP2 (RIBEYE) and conventional synapses with the clustering molecule, gephyrin. ON RGCs showed a significant reduction in RIBEYE-immunoreactive synapse density while OFF RGCs showed a significant reduction in the gephyrin-immmunoreactive synapse density. Distribution patterns of both synaptic markers across the dendritic trees of RGCs were unchanged. The change in synaptic inputs to RGCs was associated with a reduction in the number of immunolabeled rod bipolar and ON cone bipolar cells. These results suggest that functional changes reported in ganglion cells during retinal degeneration could be attributed to loss of synaptic inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Saha
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Australia; NeuroEngineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ursula Greferath
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kirstan A Vessey
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - David B Grayden
- NeuroEngineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Australia; NICTA Victoria Research Laboratory, c/- Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony N Burkitt
- NeuroEngineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Australia; NICTA Victoria Research Laboratory, c/- Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erica L Fletcher
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
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Greferath U, Anderson EE, Jobling AI, Vessey KA, Martinez G, de Iongh RU, Kalloniatis M, Fletcher EL. Inner retinal change in a novel rd1-FTL mouse model of retinal degeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:293. [PMID: 26283925 PMCID: PMC4518195 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While photoreceptor loss is the most devastating result of inherited retinal degenerations such as retinitis pigmentosa, inner retinal neurons also undergo significant alteration. Detailing these changes has become important as many vision restorative therapies target the remaining neurons. In this study, the rd1-Fos-Tau-LacZ (rd1-FTL) mouse model was used to explore inner retinal change at a late stage of retinal degeneration, after the loss of photoreceptor nuclei. The rd1-FTL model carries a mutation in the phosphodiesterase gene, Pde6b, and an axonally targeted transgenic beta galactosidase reporter system under the control of the c-fos promoter. Retinae of transgenic rd1-FTL mice and control FTL animals aged 2-12 months were processed for indirect fluorescence immunocytochemistry. At 2 months of age, a time when the majority of photoreceptor nuclei are lost, there was negligible c-fos reporter (FTL) expression, however, from 4 months, reporter expression was observed to increase within subpopulations of amacrine and ganglion cells within the central retina. These areas of inner retinal FTL expression coincided with regions that contained aberrant Müller cells. Specifically, these cells exhibited reduced glutamine synthetase and Kir4.1 immunolabelling, whilst showing evidence of proliferative gliosis (increased cyclinD1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression). These changes were limited to distinct regions where cone photoreceptor terminals were absent. Overall, these results highlight that distinct areas of the rd1-FTL central retina undergo significant glial alterations after cone photoreceptor loss. These areas coincide with up-regulation of the c-fos reporter in the inner retina, which may represent a change in neuronal function/plasticity. The rd1-FTL mouse is a useful model system to probe changes that occur in the inner retina at later stages of retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Greferath
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Emily E Anderson
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Andrew I Jobling
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Kirstan A Vessey
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Gemma Martinez
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Robb U de Iongh
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Michael Kalloniatis
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ; Centre for Eye Health and School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Erica L Fletcher
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
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Light JG, Fransen JW, Adekunle AN, Adkins A, Pangeni G, Loudin J, Mathieson K, Palanker DV, McCall MA, Pardue MT. Inner retinal preservation in rat models of retinal degeneration implanted with subretinal photovoltaic arrays. Exp Eye Res 2014; 128:34-42. [PMID: 25224340 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Photovoltaic arrays (PVA) implanted into the subretinal space of patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are designed to electrically stimulate the remaining inner retinal circuitry in response to incident light, thereby recreating a visual signal when photoreceptor function declines or is lost. Preservation of inner retinal circuitry is critical to the fidelity of this transmitted signal to ganglion cells and beyond to higher visual targets. Post-implantation loss of retinal interneurons or excessive glial scarring could diminish and/or eliminate PVA-evoked signal transmission. As such, assessing the morphology of the inner retina in RP animal models with subretinal PVAs is an important step in defining biocompatibility and predicting success of signal transmission. In this study, we used immunohistochemical methods to qualitatively and quantitatively compare inner retinal morphology after the implantation of a PVA in two RP models: the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) or transgenic S334ter-line 3 (S334ter-3) rhodopsin mutant rat. Two PVA designs were compared. In the RCS rat, we implanted devices in the subretinal space at 4 weeks of age and histologically examined them at 8 weeks of age and found inner retinal morphology preservation with both PVA devices. In the S334ter-3 rat, we implanted devices at 6-12 weeks of age and again, inner retinal morphology was generally preserved with either PVA design 16-26 weeks post-implantation. Specifically, the length of rod bipolar cells and numbers of cholinergic amacrine cells were maintained along with their characteristic inner plexiform lamination patterns. Throughout the implanted retinas we found nonspecific glial reaction, but none showed additional glial scarring at the implant site. Our results indicate that subretinally implanted PVAs are well-tolerated in rodent RP models and that the inner retinal circuitry is preserved, consistent with our published results showing implant-evoked signal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob G Light
- Ophthalmology, Emory University, USA; Rehab R&D Center of Excellence, Atlanta VA Medical Center, USA
| | - James W Fransen
- Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville, USA
| | | | - Alice Adkins
- Rehab R&D Center of Excellence, Atlanta VA Medical Center, USA
| | - Gobinda Pangeni
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, USA
| | - James Loudin
- Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, USA
| | - Keith Mathieson
- Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, USA; Institute of Photonics, University of Strathclyde, UK
| | - Daniel V Palanker
- Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, USA; Ophthalmology, Stanford University, USA
| | - Maureen A McCall
- Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville, USA; Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Machelle T Pardue
- Ophthalmology, Emory University, USA; Rehab R&D Center of Excellence, Atlanta VA Medical Center, USA.
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Vessey KA, Greferath U, Aplin FP, Jobling AI, Phipps JA, Ho T, De Iongh RU, Fletcher EL. Adenosine triphosphate-induced photoreceptor death and retinal remodeling in rats. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:2928-50. [PMID: 24639102 PMCID: PMC4265795 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many common causes of blindness involve the death of retinal photoreceptors, followed by progressive inner retinal cell remodeling. For an inducible model of retinal degeneration to be useful, it must recapitulate these changes. Intravitreal administration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has recently been found to induce acute photoreceptor death. The aim of this study was to characterize the chronic effects of ATP on retinal integrity. Five-week-old, dark agouti rats were administered 50 mM ATP into the vitreous of one eye and saline into the other. Vision was assessed using the electroretinogram and optokinetic response and retinal morphology investigated via histology. ATP caused significant loss of visual function within 1 day and loss of 50% of the photoreceptors within 1 week. At 3 months, 80% of photoreceptor nuclei were lost, and total photoreceptor loss occurred by 6 months. The degeneration and remodeling were similar to those found in heritable retinal dystrophies and age-related macular degeneration and included inner retinal neuronal loss, migration, and formation of new synapses; Müller cell gliosis, migration, and scarring; blood vessel loss; and retinal pigment epithelium migration. In addition, extreme degeneration and remodeling events, such as neuronal and glial migration outside the neural retina and proliferative changes in glial cells, were observed. These extreme changes were also observed in the 2-year-old P23H rhodopsin transgenic rat model of retinitis pigmentosa. This ATP-induced model of retinal degeneration may provide a valuable tool for developing pharmaceutical therapies or for testing electronic implants aimed at restoring vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstan A Vessey
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne,Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Ursula Greferath
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne,Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Felix P Aplin
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne,Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital,East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002, Australia
- The Bionics Institute,East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002, Australia
| | - Andrew I Jobling
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne,Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Joanna A Phipps
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne,Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Tracy Ho
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne,Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Robbert U De Iongh
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne,Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Erica L Fletcher
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne,Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Bareket-Keren L, Hanein Y. Novel interfaces for light directed neuronal stimulation: advances and challenges. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9 Suppl 1:65-83. [PMID: 24872704 PMCID: PMC4024977 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s51193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Light activation of neurons is a growing field with applications ranging from basic investigation of neuronal systems to the development of new therapeutic methods such as artificial retina. Many recent studies currently explore novel methods for optical stimulation with temporal and spatial precision. Novel materials in particular provide an opportunity to enhance contemporary approaches. Here we review recent advances towards light directed interfaces for neuronal stimulation, focusing on state-of-the-art nanoengineered devices. In particular, we highlight challenges and prospects towards improved retinal prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilach Bareket-Keren
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel ; Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Hanein
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel ; Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Bentley SA, Jackson AJ. Will optometry respond to the growing challenge of providing evidence-based low vision care? Clin Exp Optom 2014; 97:193-5. [PMID: 24766506 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Bentley
- Deakin Optometry, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Australian College of Optometry, National Vision Research Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
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John SE, Shivdasani MN, Williams CE, Morley JW, Shepherd RK, Rathbone GD, Fallon JB. Suprachoroidal electrical stimulation: effects of stimulus pulse parameters on visual cortical responses. J Neural Eng 2013; 10:056011. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/10/5/056011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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