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Tobe M, Nobukawa S, Mizukami K, Kawaguchi M, Higashima M, Tanaka Y, Yamanishi T, Takahashi T. Hub structure in functional network of EEG signals supporting high cognitive functions in older individuals. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1130428. [PMID: 37139091 PMCID: PMC10149684 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1130428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Maintaining high cognitive functions is desirable for "wellbeing" in old age and is particularly relevant to a super-aging society. According to their individual cognitive functions, optimal intervention for older individuals facilitates the maintenance of cognitive functions. Cognitive function is a result of whole-brain interactions. These interactions are reflected in several measures in graph theory analysis for the topological characteristics of functional connectivity. Betweenness centrality (BC), which can identify the "hub" node, i.e., the most important node affecting whole-brain network activity, may be appropriate for capturing whole-brain interactions. During the past decade, BC has been applied to capture changes in brain networks related to cognitive deficits arising from pathological conditions. In this study, we hypothesized that the hub structure of functional networks would reflect cognitive function, even in healthy elderly individuals. Method To test this hypothesis, based on the BC value of the functional connectivity obtained using the phase lag index from the electroencephalogram under the eyes closed resting state, we examined the relationship between the BC value and cognitive function measured using the Five Cognitive Functions test total score. Results We found a significant positive correlation of BC with cognitive functioning and a significant enhancement in the BC value of individuals with high cognitive functioning, particularly in the frontal theta network. Discussion The hub structure may reflect the sophisticated integration and transmission of information in whole-brain networks to support high-level cognitive function. Our findings may contribute to the development of biomarkers for assessing cognitive function, enabling optimal interventions for maintaining cognitive function in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuna Tobe
- Graduate School of Information and Computer Science, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Japan
| | - Sou Nobukawa
- Graduate School of Information and Computer Science, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Japan
- Research Center for Mathematical Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Japan
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Sou Nobukawa
| | - Kimiko Mizukami
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Megumi Kawaguchi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Yoshida, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Yoshida, Japan
- Uozu Shinkei Sanatorium, Uozu, Japan
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Li PWC, Yu DSF, Siu PM, Wong SCK, Chan BS. Peer-supported exercise intervention for persons with mild cognitive impairment: a waitlist randomised controlled trial (the BRAin Vitality Enhancement trial). Age Ageing 2022; 51:6749365. [PMID: 36201330 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND motivating older people with cognitive impairment to remain physically active is challenging. OBJECTIVE this study aimed to examine the effects of a peer-supported exercise intervention on the cognitive function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). DESIGN a two-arm randomised controlled trial. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS community-dwelling persons with MCI were recruited from community centres for older adults in Hong Kong. METHODS participants randomised to the intervention group received an 8-week group-based peer-supported multicomponent exercise intervention, while the waitlist control group received usual care. A battery of neuropsychological tests and the Short Form-36 were administered at baseline, immediately post-intervention and 3 months post-intervention. RESULTS two hundred and twenty-nine participants were randomised to the intervention (n = 116) or control (n = 113) group. Compared with the control group, participants in the intervention group showed significantly greater improvements in processing speed and attention measured by the Colour Trails Test 1 (β = 7.213, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.870-11.557, P = 0.001) and working memory measured by the Digit Span Backward Test (β = 0.540, 95% CI = 0.199-0.881, P = 0.002) immediately post-intervention. The effects were sustained at 3 months post-intervention. Similarly, significantly greater improvements in sequencing and mental flexibility measured by the Colour Trails Test 2 were observed in the intervention group 3 months post-intervention (β = 6.979, 95% CI = 3.375-10.584, P < 0.001). Changes in global cognition, short-term memory and HRQoL were not significant. CONCLUSION the peer-supported exercise intervention was effective at sustaining improvements in executive function, attention and working memory in persons with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly W C Li
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Doris S F Yu
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Parco M Siu
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Bernice S Chan
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Arias-Casais N, Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan J, Rodrigues Perracini M, Park E, Van den Block L, Sumi Y, Sadana R, Banerjee A, Han ZA. What long-term care interventions have been published between 2010 and 2020? Results of a WHO scoping review identifying long-term care interventions for older people around the world. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054492. [PMID: 35105637 PMCID: PMC8808408 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The global population is rapidly ageing. To tackle the increasing prevalence of older adults' chronic conditions, loss of intrinsic capacity and functional ability, long-term care interventions are required. The study aim was to identify long-term care interventions reported in scientific literature from 2010 to 2020 and categorise them in relation to WHO's public health framework of healthy ageing. DESIGN Scoping review conducted on PubMed, CINHAL, Cochrane and Google Advanced targeting studies reporting on long-term care interventions for older and frail adults. An internal validated Excel matrix was used for charting.Setting nursing homes, assisted care homes, long-term care facilities, home, residential houses for the elderly and at the community. INCLUSION CRITERIA Studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 1 January 2010 to 1 February 2020 on implemented interventions with outcome measures provided in the settings mentioned above for subjects older than 60 years old in English, Spanish, German, Portuguese or French. RESULTS 305 studies were included. Fifty clustered interventions were identified and organised into four WHO Healthy Ageing domains and 20 subdomains. All interventions delved from high-income settings; no interventions from low-resource settings were identified. The most frequently reported interventions were multimodal exercise (n=68 reports, person-centred assessment and care plan development (n=22), case management for continuum care (n=16), multicomponent interventions (n=15), psychoeducational interventions for caregivers (n=13) and interventions mitigating cognitive decline (n=13). CONCLUSION The identified interventions are diverse overarching multiple settings and areas seeking to prevent, treat and improve loss of functional ability and intrinsic capacity. Interventions from low-resource settings were not identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Arias-Casais
- ATLANTES Global Observatory for Palliative Care, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - Eunok Park
- College of Nursing, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Lieve Van den Block
- Department of Family Medicine and Chronic Care, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yuka Sumi
- Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ritu Sadana
- Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anshu Banerjee
- Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zee-A Han
- Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Yun S, Takashima R, Yoshida K, Sawamura D, Inoue T, Sakai S. Differences of expected intervention effects between participant-led and facilitator-led preventive care services in Japan. Hong Kong J Occup Ther 2022; 34:83-93. [PMID: 34987346 PMCID: PMC8721582 DOI: 10.1177/15691861211022986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the effect of different management methods on the effectiveness of care preventive programmes for community-dwelling older adults. Methods This study comprised two facilitator-led (FL) and one participant-led (PL) preventive care classes in Japan. All participants received the intervention for approximately 12 weeks. Functional assessments, occupational dysfunctions, and subjective health were measured before and after the interventions. A two-way mixed design analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was adopted to examine the effect of the interventions, adjusted for previous experiences with preventive care services. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results Fourteen participants in the PL group (76.64 ± 6.48 years, 92.9% women) and 29 participants in the FL group (76.55 ± 5.75 years, 75.9% women) were included in the statistical analysis. ANCOVA showed significant group × time interaction effects in the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST), the Timed Up & Go (TUG), occupational deprivation of the Classification and Assessment of Occupational Dysfunction Scale, and self-rated health. Simple main effect tests showed that the TUG decreased significantly in the PL group, while occupational deprivation and self-rated health scores improved significantly. In contrast, FTSST scores significantly improved in the FL group. Conclusion PL-type management may be more appropriate for preventing social isolation and withdrawal, while FL-type management may be more appropriate for preventing physical frailty. Selecting not only adequate programmes but also an appropriate management type that matches the service purpose can help provide more effective care preventive services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yun
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Risa Takashima
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yoshida
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sawamura
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takao Inoue
- Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University
| | - Shinya Sakai
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Sullivan KW, Law WA, Loyola L, Knoll MA, Shub DE, French LM. A Novel Intervention Platform for Service Members With Subjective Cognitive Complaints: Implementation, Patient Participation, and Satisfaction. Mil Med 2020; 185:326-333. [DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usz218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction
Program overview of a novel cognitive training platform at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC) for service members with subjective cognitive complaints: analysis of patient participation, satisfaction with the program, and perceived areas of improvement.
Materials and Method
Retrospective review of 1,030 participants from November 2008 through May 2017. Data were obtained within an approved protocol (WRNMMC-EDO-2017-0004/# 876230).
Results
The program has shown growth in numbers of referrals, types of patient populations served, and patient visits. Patients report satisfaction with the program and endorse improvements in cognitive functions.
Conclusions
This program model may benefit other military facilities looking to provide and assess novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine W Sullivan
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20889
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, 4860 South Palmer Road, Bethesda, MD 20889
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, 1335 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Wendy A Law
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20889
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, 4860 South Palmer Road, Bethesda, MD 20889
- Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Laura Loyola
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20889
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, 4860 South Palmer Road, Bethesda, MD 20889
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, 1335 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Martin A Knoll
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20889
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, 4860 South Palmer Road, Bethesda, MD 20889
| | - Daniel E Shub
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20889
| | - Louis M French
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20889
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, 4860 South Palmer Road, Bethesda, MD 20889
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, 1335 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD 20814
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Li PWC, Yu DSF, Siu PM, Wong SCK. Brain Vitality Enhancement (BRAVE) program to promote brain health among persons with mild cognitive impairment: A study protocol. J Adv Nurs 2019; 75:3758-3767. [PMID: 31441100 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to evaluate the effects of a community-based program entitled 'Brain Vitality Enhancement (BRAVE)' on the cognitive function, physical and mental well-being of persons with mild cognitive impairment. STUDY DESIGN This is a parallel wait list randomized controlled trial. METHODS The BRAVE program consists of two phases. Phase 1 is an empowerment workshop for training 50 peer mentors to be the exercise ambassadors, while Phase 2 is a supervised exercise program for 250 persons with mild cognitive impairment. They will be randomly allocated to intervention or wait list control groups. For the intervention group, the peer mentors and mentees will be matched according to gender and residential areas to form mentor-mentee groups to attend an 8-week supervised exercise training. The mentor-mentee groups will continue to participate mentor-directed exercise sessions in the community thereafter. A mobile application will be developed for self-directed learning. We hypothesize that persons with mild cognitive impairment receiving the BRAVE program will demonstrate better cognitive function and health-related quality of life than the control group who receive usual care. This study is funded by a grant from the Food and Health Bureau of the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in April 2018. DISCUSSION This study will empower a group of golden-aged adults to be the ambassadors to promote brain health in the community and persons with mild cognitive impairment to integrate moderate-intensity exercise into their lifestyle to achieve long-term beneficial effects on their cognition and well-being. IMPACT Given the population with mild cognitive impairment is growing rapidly and expected to keep escalating in coming decades and limited treatment options for cognitive decline and its significant burden on the health and social care system, this study is timely to promote active ageing in the society and reduce the burden associated with cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly W C Li
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Doris S F Yu
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Parco M Siu
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Tyndall AV, Clark CM, Anderson TJ, Hogan DB, Hill MD, Longman R, Poulin MJ. Protective Effects of Exercise on Cognition and Brain Health in Older Adults. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2018; 46:215-223. [DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Participation sociale et personnes ayant des atteintes cognitives et centre communautaire de loisir : une équation possible? Can J Aging 2017; 36:472-484. [PMID: 29019294 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980817000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Validating support of social participation for people with cognitive impairment (CI) plays a predominant role in maintaining identity, autonomy, sense of belonging and social bonding. Yet what restricts this participation-intervention methods, cognitive impairment, or other individuals in the participant's environment? This study documents stakeholders', volunteers' and users' perceptions of people with CI in community recreation centres (CRC). Six focus groups (n = 44) in Montreal, Quebec City and Drummondville highlighted some issues concerning this subject. Although sympathetic to a society where people with multiple weaknesses coexist, participants are not convinced of the need to include those whose memory and judgment are failing. The integration of people with CI includes relational and organizational challenges and questions our relationship to cognitive aging and performance values in an inclusive environment.
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Kamegaya T, Yamaguchi H, Hayashi K. Evaluation by the Basic Checklist and the risk of 3 years incident long-term care insurance certification. J Gen Fam Med 2017; 18:230-236. [PMID: 29264032 PMCID: PMC5689415 DOI: 10.1002/jgf2.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A rapidly aging society needs effective approaches to support frail older people who have a high risk of requiring long‐term care. We investigated the validity of the Basic Checklist (the “Kihon Checklist”) as a tool to select candidates for a program to prevent long‐term care. Method A survey with questions from the Basic Checklist was conducted with functionally independent older residents aged ≥65 years living in Takasaki City, Japan. Subjects who completed the questionnaire were followed over 3 years for the presence or absence of certification for long‐term care requirement. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for long‐term care requirement certification. Results A total of 21 325 subjects were analyzed. The odds ratio was the highest when items number one‐20 had a total of ≥10 checked answers (OR, 2.71; 95%CI, 2.22‐3.32). Physical function (OR, 2.29; 95%CI, 2.05‐2.55), nutritional condition (OR, 1.85; 95%CI, 1.38‐2.48), oral function (OR, 1.40; 95%CI, 1.25‐1.57), whether patients were elected as a care prevention program candidate (OR, 1.90; 95%CI, 1.73‐2.08), Homebound state (OR, 1.91; 95%CI, 1.55‐2.37), the presence of dementia (OR, 1.97; 95%CI, 1.75‐2.20), and depression (OR, 1.96; 95%CI, 1.73‐2.22) were associated with a higher odds ratio. Conclusion Individuals who were selected as long‐term care prevention program candidates based on the Basic Checklist had a higher risk of requiring long‐term care. Older residents who corresponded to 10 or more of the 20 Basic Checklist items are at the highest risk of becoming certified as needing long‐term care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiko Kamegaya
- Gunma University Graduate School of Health Science Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | | | - Kunihiko Hayashi
- Gunma University Graduate School of Health Science Maebashi Gunma Japan
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Hagovská M, Olekszyová Z. Impact of the combination of cognitive and balance training on gait, fear and risk of falling and quality of life in seniors with mild cognitive impairment. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 16:1043-50. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdaléna Hagovská
- Physiatry; Balneology and Medical Rehabilitation Clinic of the Medical Faculty UPJŠ; Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Olekszyová
- Private Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic “Čistá Duša” (Clean soul); Highly Specialized Professional Geriatric Institute of Saint Lukas; Košice Slovak Republic
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La Rue A, Felten K, Turkstra L. Intervention of multi-modal activities for older adults with dementia translation to rural communities. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2015; 30:468-77. [PMID: 25657291 PMCID: PMC10852746 DOI: 10.1177/1533317514568888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A Language-Enriched Exercise Plus Socialization (LEEPS) Program for older adults with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD) was implemented in rural Wisconsin communities. Patterned after a university-based research intervention, (1) the LEEPS protocol entailed ongoing weekly to biweekly sessions with a trained volunteer and an individual with dementia, with exercise and language stimulation sessions interspersed with social or volunteer outings. Of 64 persons with ADRD who enrolled, 29 completed an initial follow-up assessment at an average of 10.65 months, and 8 completed a second follow-up at an average of 20.55 months. Results generally show stability in cognition, mood, and physical performance. Improvement was noted at the initial retest on 1 of the 3 physical fitness measures (arm curls; t = 2.61, P = .015), but self-rated quality of life declined slightly from baseline to the first retest (t = -2.09, P = .048). Change in the Mini-Mental State Examination at the first and second follow-ups (mean = +0.18 and -1.0, respectively) was negligible. The maintenance of function observed with LEEPS is an encouraging outcome, given the progressive nature of ADRD, but controlled investigations are needed to establish the efficacy of LEEPS. Barriers to implementation of an intensive activities-focused intervention in rural communities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asenath La Rue
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristen Felten
- Office on Aging, Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lyn Turkstra
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Murai T, Yamaguchi T, Maki Y, Isahai M, Kaiho Sato A, Yamagami T, Ura C, Miyamae F, Takahashi R, Yamaguchi H. Prevention of cognitive and physical decline by enjoyable walking-habituation program based on brain-activating rehabilitation. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 16:701-8. [PMID: 26082004 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Evaluating effects of an enjoyable walking-habituation program. METHODS We carried out a 12-week intervention, consisting of an enjoyable walking-habituation program based on five principles of brain-activating rehabilitation: pleasant atmosphere, interactive communication, social roles, praising each other and errorless support. The program, once a week for 90 min, was carried out in small groups. Participants were 71 community-dwelling people (72.2 ± 4.3) without dementia. Cognitive function was evaluated in five cognitive domains: memory, executive function, word fluency, visuospatial abilities and sustained attention. Additionally, quality of life, depressive state, functional capacity, range of activities, social network and subjective memory complaints were assessed using questionnaires. Motor function was also evaluated. Measurement was carried out before the observation period, after observation and after intervention. RESULTS A total of 63 participants were included in the analysis. Daily steps, executive function, subjective memory complaints, functional capacity and 5-m maximum walking time significantly improved during the intervention period (after observation to after intervention) compared with the observation period (before the observation period to after observation). No significant differences were seen in other evaluations. At 6 months after the intervention, 52 of 63 participants (82.5%) continued to walk once a week or more, and all of them were confident about continuing to walk in the future. Furthermore, all participants were satisfied with our walking-habituation program and all replied that they felt delighted. CONCLUSION The intervention program, based on the five principles of brain-activating rehabilitation, resulted in improvement of some cognitive and physical functions, as well as a high walking-habituation rate at 6 months' follow up. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; ●●: ●●-●●.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Murai
- Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | | | - Yohko Maki
- Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mikie Isahai
- Department of Longevity, Takasaki City Office, Takasaki, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuya Yamagami
- School of Health Care, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ura
- Research on Social and Human Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Miyamae
- Research on Social and Human Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Takahashi
- Research on Social and Human Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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Jones KT, Stephens JA, Alam M, Bikson M, Berryhill ME. Longitudinal neurostimulation in older adults improves working memory. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121904. [PMID: 25849358 PMCID: PMC4388845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing concern affecting a growing aging population is working memory (WM) decline. Consequently, there is great interest in improving or stabilizing WM, which drives expanded use of brain training exercises. Such regimens generally result in temporary WM benefits to the trained tasks but minimal transfer of benefit to untrained tasks. Pairing training with neurostimulation may stabilize or improve WM performance by enhancing plasticity and strengthening WM-related cortical networks. We tested this possibility in healthy older adults. Participants received 10 sessions of sham (control) or active (anodal, 1.5 mA) tDCS to the right prefrontal, parietal, or prefrontal/parietal (alternating) cortices. After ten minutes of sham or active tDCS, participants performed verbal and visual WM training tasks. On the first, tenth, and follow-up sessions, participants performed transfer WM tasks including the spatial 2-back, Stroop, and digit span tasks. The results demonstrated that all groups benefited from WM training, as expected. However, at follow-up 1-month after training ended, only the participants in the active tDCS groups maintained significant improvement. Importantly, this pattern was observed for both trained and transfer tasks. These results demonstrate that tDCS-linked WM training can provide long-term benefits in maintaining cognitive training benefits and extending them to untrained tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T. Jones
- Memory and Brain Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- Cognitive Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Jaclyn A. Stephens
- Memory and Brain Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Mahtab Alam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Marian E. Berryhill
- Memory and Brain Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Fujii M, Butler JP, Sasaki H. Emotional function in dementia patients. Psychogeriatrics 2014; 14:202-9. [PMID: 25250479 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, which can be considered as hyperreactivity of the emotional functioning of dementia, can be alleviated or aggravated by the behavioural and psychological symptoms of the caregiver. Comfortable stimulations of emotional function through sensory stimulations are effective methods for alleviating behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Although cognitive function deteriorates with age, emotional function is often retained even in advanced years. Thus, it is recommended that care in patients with dementia be focused mainly on the stimulation of emotional function (e.g. sympathy and empathy, which are human traits), rather than relying solely on the stimulation of cognitive function.
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Kamegaya T, Araki Y, Kigure H, Yamaguchi H. Twelve-week physical and leisure activity programme improved cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly subjects: a randomized controlled trial. Psychogeriatrics 2014; 14:47-54. [PMID: 24528600 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japan is one of the most rapidly ageing societies in the world. A number of municipalities have started services for the prevention of cognitive decline for community-dwelling elderly individuals, but the effectiveness of these services is currently insufficient. Our study explored the efficacy of a comprehensive intervention programme consisting of physical and leisure activities to prevent cognitive decline in community-dwelling elderly subjects. METHOD We administered a 12-week intervention programme consisting of physical and leisure activities aimed at enhancing participants' motivation to participate and support one another by providing a pleasant atmosphere, empathetic communication, praise, and errorless support. This programme for the prevention of cognitive decline was conducted as a service by the city of Maebashi. All participants underwent the Five-Cog test, which evaluated the cognitive domains of attention, memory, visuospatial function, language, and reasoning. Executive function was evaluated by the Wechsler Digit Symbol Substitution Test and Yamaguchi Kanji-Symbol Substitution Test. Subjective health status, level of social support, functional capacity, subjective quality of life, and depressive symptoms were assessed with a questionnaire. Grip strength test, timed up-and-go test, 5-m maximum walking times test, and functional reach test were performed to evaluate physical function. Fifty-two participants were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 26) and control (n = 26) groups. Twenty-six participants, aged between 65-87 years, received intervention once a week at a community centre. The programme was conducted by health-care professionals, with the help of senior citizen volunteers. RESULTS The intervention group (n = 19) showed significant improvement on the analogy task of the Five-Cog test (F(1,38) = 4.242, P = 0.046) and improved quality of life (F(1,38) = 4.773, P = 0.035) as compared to the control group (n = 24). CONCLUSION A community-based 12-week intervention programme that aimed to enhance motivation to participate in activities resulted in improvements in some aspects of cognitive function and quality of life. Senior citizens who volunteered in the present intervention enabled the smooth implementation of the programme and alleviated the burden on professional staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiko Kamegaya
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Science, Maebashi, Japan
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Kayama H, Okamoto K, Nishiguchi S, Yamada M, Kuroda T, Aoyama T. Effect of a Kinect-based exercise game on improving executive cognitive performance in community-dwelling elderly: case control study. J Med Internet Res 2014; 16:e61. [PMID: 24565806 PMCID: PMC3961700 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Decrease of dual-task (DT) ability is known to be one of the risk factors for falls. We developed a new game concept, Dual-Task Tai Chi (DTTC), using Microsoft’s motion-capture device Kinect, and demonstrated that the DTTC test can quantitatively evaluate various functions that are known risk factors for falling in elderly adults. Moreover, DT training has been attracting attention as a way to improve balance and DT ability. However, only a few studies have reported that it improves cognitive performance. Objective The purpose of this study was to demonstrate whether or not a 12-week program of DTTC training would effectively improve cognitive functions. Methods This study examined cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults before and after 12 weeks of DTTC training (training group [TG]) or standardized training (control group [CG]). Primary end points were based on the difference in cognitive functions between the TG and the CG. Cognitive functions were evaluated using the trail-making test (part A and part B) and verbal fluency test. Results A total of 41 elderly individuals (TG: n=26, CG: n=15) participated in this study and their cognitive functions were assessed before and after DTTC training. Significant differences were observed between the two groups with significant group × time interactions for the executive cognitive function measure, the delta-trail-making test (part B−part A; F1,36=4.94, P=.03; TG: pre mean 48.8 [SD 43.9], post mean 42.2 [SD 29.0]; CG: pre mean 49.5 [SD 51.8], post mean 64.9 [SD 54.7]). Conclusions The results suggest that DTTC training is effective for improving executive cognitive functions. Trial Registration Japan Medical Association Clinical Trial Registration Number: JMA-IIA00092; https://dbcentre3.jmacct.med.or.jp/jmactr/App/JMACTRS06/JMACTRS06.aspx?seqno=2682 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6NRtOkZFh).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kayama
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Lee T. Community-based home healthcare project for korean older adults. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2013; 4:233-9. [PMID: 24298438 PMCID: PMC3845225 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to identify the effects of community-based home healthcare projects that influence service performances with regard to Korean national long-term care insurance services in older adults. Methods The project's applicants were 18 operational agencies in national long-term care institutions in Korea, and participants were care recipients (n = 2263) registered in long-term care institutions. We applied our healthcare system to the recruited participants for a 3-month period from October 2012 to December 2012. We measured the community-based home healthcare services such as long-term care, health and medical service, and welfare and leisure service prior to and after applying the community-based home healthcare system. Results After the implementation of community-based home healthcare project, all community-based home healthcare services showed an increase than prior to the project implementation. The nutrition management service was the most increased and its increase rate was 628.6%. A comparison between the long-term care insurance beneficiaries and nonbeneficiaries showed that health and medical services’ increase rate of nonbeneficiaries was significantly higher than beneficiaries (p < 0.001). Conclusion Our community-based home healthcare project might improve the service implementation for older adults and there was a difference in the increase rate of health and medical services between Korean national long-term care insurance beneficiaries and nonbeneficiaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taebum Lee
- Advanced Medical Device Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Ansan, Korea
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