1
|
Huang CH, Wang FT, Chan WH. Dosage-related beneficial and deleterious effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on mouse oocyte maturation and fertilization and fetal development. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:1001-1012. [PMID: 31112002 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), the major saponin component of ginseng root, has a wide range of therapeutic applications for various diseases. Previously, our group showed that GRb1 triggers ROS-mediated apoptotic cascades in mouse blastocysts, leading to decreased cell viability and impairment of pre- and postimplantation embryonic development, both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we further found that GRb1 exerted dose-dependent effects on oocyte maturation and sequent development in vitro. Oocytes preincubated with 25 μg/mL GRB1 displayed significantly enhanced maturation and in vitro fertilization (IVF) rates, along with progression of subsequent embryonic development. In contrast, treatment with 50 and 100 μg/mL GRB1 led to impairment of mouse oocyte maturation, decreased IVF rates, and injurious effects on subsequent embryonic development. In vivo, intravenous injection of 1 mg/kg body weight GRb1 significantly promoted mouse oocyte maturation, IVF, and early-stage embryo development after fertilization while administration of 5 mg/kg body weight GRb1 led to a marked decrease in oocyte maturation and IVF rates concomitant with impairment of early embryonic development in our animal model. In terms of the mechanisms underlying the regulatory effects of GRb1 demonstrated increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis in the 100 μg/mL GRb1 treatment group. However, we observed a significant decrease in total intracellular ROS content and inhibition of apoptosis events in the 25 μg/mL GRb1 treatment group, signifying that the intracellular ROS content serves as a key upstream regulator of GRb1 that influences its dose-dependent beneficial or deleterious effects on oocyte maturation and sequent embryonic development. For further clarification of the mechanisms underlying GRb1-triggered injurious effects, oocytes were pretreated with Ac-DEVD-CHO, a caspase-3-specific inhibitor, which effectively blocked injury to oocyte maturation, fertilization, and sequent development. In sum, study findings highlight the potential involvement of p53-, p21-, and caspase-3-dependent regulatory signaling cascades in GRb1-mediated apoptotic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Ting Wang
- Rehabilitation and Technical Aid Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiung Chan
- Department of Bioscience Technology and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ratno Budiarto B, Chan WH. Oxidative stresses-mediated apoptotic effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on pre- and post-implantation mouse embryos in vitro and in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1990-2003. [PMID: 27640876 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rb1, the major saponin component of ginseng root, has a wide range of therapeutic application. Previous studies have established that ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits the cell cycle and induces apoptosis. However, its side-effects, particularly those on embryonic development, have not been well characterized to date. In the current study, we examined whether ginsenoside Rb1 exerts a cytotoxic effect on mouse embryos at the blastocyst stage, and affects subsequent embryonic development in vitro and in vivo. Blastocysts treated with 25-100 μg mL-1 ginsenoside Rb1 exhibited significantly increased apoptosis and a corresponding decrease in total cell number. Notably, the implantation success rate of blastocysts pretreated with ginsenoside Rb1 was lower than that of their control counterparts. Moreover, in vitro treatment with 25-100 μg mL-1 ginsenoside Rb1 was associated with increased resorption of post-implantation embryos and decreased fetal weight. In an in vivo model, intravenous injection with ginsenoside Rb1 (1, 3, 5 mg kg-1 body weight/day) for 4 days resulted in apoptosis of blastocyst stage embryos and early embryonic developmental injury. In addition, ginsenoside Rb1 appeared to induce injury in mouse blastocysts through oxidative stresses-triggered intrinsic apoptotic signaling processes to impair sequent embryonic development. The collective results strongly indicate that ginsenoside Rb1 induces apoptosis and retards early pre- and post-implantation development of mouse embryos, both in vitro and in vivo. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1990-2003, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bugi Ratno Budiarto
- Department of Bioscience Technology and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiung Chan
- Department of Bioscience Technology and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anggelia MR, Chan WH. Impairment of preimplantation and postimplantation embryonic development through intrinsic apoptotic processes by ginsenoside Rg1 in vitro and in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1937-1951. [PMID: 28371286 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1, which is the most abundant compound found in Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng), has demonstrated various pharmacological actions, including neuroprotective, immune-stimulatory, and antidiabetic effects. Pregnant women, especially in the Asian community, consume ginseng as a nutritive supplement. Thus, the effects of ginsenoside-Rg1 on embryonic development need to be investigated, such as in a mouse model. As previous investigations have found that ginsenoside Rg1 appears to either trigger or prevent apoptosis in different cell lines, the effects of this agent on apoptosis remain to be clarified. In this study, we investigated whether ginsenoside Rg1 exerts a hazardous effect on mouse blastocysts and/or affects subsequent embryonic development in vitro and in vivo. Blastocysts treated with 25-100 μM ginsenoside Rg1 exhibited significant induction of apoptosis and a corresponding decrease in the inner cell mass (ICM) cell number. Importantly, the implantation rate was lower among ginsenoside Rg1-treated blastocysts compared to untreated controls. Moreover, embryo transfer assays revealed that blastocysts treated with 100 μM ginsenoside Rg1 exhibited increased resorption of postimplantation embryos and decreased weight among surviving fetuses. In vivo, intravenous injection of mice with ginsenoside Rg1 (2, 4, or 6 mg/kg body weight/day) for 4 days was associated with increased apoptosis of blastocyst-stage embryos and negatively impacted early embryonic development. Further experiments revealed that these effects may reflect the ability of ginsenoside Rg1 to trigger oxidative stress-mediated intrinsic apoptotic signaling. Our in vitro results indicate that ginsenoside Rg1 treatment increases intracellular oxidative stress, decreases mitochondrial membrane potential, increases the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and activates caspase-9 and caspase-3, but not caspase-8. Taken together, our study results strongly suggest that ginsenoside Rg1 induces apoptosis and impairs the early preimplantation and postimplantation development of mouse embryos, both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madonna Rica Anggelia
- Department of Bioscience Technology and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiung Chan
- Department of Bioscience Technology and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gunasekaran R, Shaker MR, Mohd-Zin SW, Abdullah A, Ahmad-Annuar A, Abdul-Aziz NM. Maternal intake of dietary virgin coconut oil modifies essential fatty acids and causes low body weight and spiky fur in mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:79. [PMID: 28129764 PMCID: PMC5273853 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coconut oil is commonly used as herbal medicine worldwide. There is limited information regarding its effects on the developing embryo and infant growth. METHODS We investigated the effect of virgin coconut oil post-natally and until 6 weeks old in mice (age of maturity). Females were fed with either standard, virgin olive oil or virgin coconut oil diets 1 month prior to copulation, during gestation and continued until weaning of pups. Subsequently, groups of pups borne of the respective diets were continuously fed the same diet as its mother from weaning until 6 weeks old. Profiles of the standard and coconut oil diets were analysed by gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GCFID). RESULTS Analysis of the mean of the total weight gained/ loss over 6 weeks revealed that in the first 3 weeks, pups whose mothers were fed virgin coconut oil and virgin olive oil have a significantly lower body weight than that of standard diet pups. At 6 weeks of age, only virgin coconut oil fed pups exhibited significantly lower body weight. We report that virgin coconut oil modifies the fatty acid profiles of the standard diet by inducing high levels of medium chain fatty acids with low levels of essential fatty acids. Furthermore, pups borne by females fed with virgin coconut oil developed spiky fur. CONCLUSION Our study has demonstrated that virgin coconut oil could affect infant growth and appearance via maternal intake; we suggest the use of virgin coconut oil as herbal medicine to be treated with caution.
Collapse
|
5
|
Use of herbal medicines among pregnant women attending family health centers in Alexandria. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
6
|
LEE SR, KIM MR, YON JM, BAEK IJ, LEE BJ, AHN B, KIM YB, KWACK SJ, LEE RD, KIM SS, CHO DH, HUR GH, YUN YW, NAM SY. Effects of Ginsenosides on Organogenesis and Expression of Glutathione Peroxidase Genes in Cultured Rat Embryos. J Reprod Dev 2008; 54:164-70. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.19152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ra LEE
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University
| | - Mi-Ra KIM
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University
| | - Jung-Min YON
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University
| | - In-Jeoung BAEK
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University
| | - Beom-Jun LEE
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University
| | - Byeongwoo AHN
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University
| | - Yun-Bae KIM
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University
| | | | - Rhee-Da LEE
- National Institute of Toxicological Research
| | | | | | | | - Young-Won YUN
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University
| | - Sang-Yoon NAM
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu P, Xu Y, Yin H, Wang J, Chen K, Li Y. Developmental toxicity research of ginsenoside Rb1 using a whole mouse embryo culture model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 74:207-9. [PMID: 15834894 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginseng has been widely used around the world for many years. Knowledge is limited, however, on its effects on embryonic development. METHODS Whole embryo culture was used to explore the developmental toxicity of ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) on mouse embryos. All embryos were exposed to different concentrations of GRb1, and scored for their growth and differentiation at the end of the 48-hr culture period. RESULTS Total morphological score decreased significantly at the concentration of GRb1 of 30 microg/ml and was further reduced at 50 microg/ml. Yolk sac was affected at the lower concentration of 15 microg/ml. Developments of midbrain, forebrain, and optic system were relatively sensitive to GRb1 and were affected at the concentration of 30 microg/ml. Allantois, flexion, branchial arch, and limb buds were affected at 50 microg/ml. At this concentration, the embryonic crown-rump length, head length, and somite number were also reduced significantly compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that GRb1 has teratogenic effect during the mouse organogenetic period. We suggest that before more data in humans is available, ginseng should be used with caution by pregnant women in the first trimester.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
This paper reviews some of the evidence in relation to herbal remedies, and considers both their efficacy and safety for pregnant and childbearing women. It concludes with some suggested guidelines for midwifery and obstetric practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Tiran
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Greenwich, Mansion Site, Avery Hill Campus, Avery Hill Road, Eltham, London SE9 2PQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Herbal Medicine: Is it an Alternative or an Unknown? A Brief Review of Popular Herbals Used by Patients in a Pain and Symptom Management Practice Setting. CURRENT REVIEW OF PAIN 2000; 3:226-236. [PMID: 10998678 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-999-0017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This article will briefly discuss herbals frequently used by patients in a pain and symptom management practice setting with regard to common indications, potential side effects, and drug interactions, as well as a review of available research on each substance. An overview of the regulatory morass that continues to surround the herbal products industry will be presented. The author will examine possible ethic implications of providing care to patients utilizing alternative therapies. Future developments and studies in the field of herbal therapies will be considered.
Collapse
|