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Sosorburam D, Wu ZG, Zhang SC, Hu P, Zhang HY, Jiang T, Ahiasi-Mensah J, He X. Therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese herbal prescriptions for primary dysmenorrhea. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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González‐Rodríguez P, Ugidos IF, Pérez‐Rodríguez D, Anuncibay‐Soto B, Santos‐Galdiano M, Font‐Belmonte E, Gonzalo‐Orden JM, Fernández‐López A. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor alleviates the oxidative stress induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation in an ex vivo brain slice model. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9592-9604. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene F. Ugidos
- Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina, University of León León Spain
| | | | - Berta Anuncibay‐Soto
- Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina, University of León León Spain
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Wu H, Liu H, Zuo F, Zhang L. Adenoviruses-mediated RNA interference targeting cytosolic phospholipase A2α attenuates focal ischemic brain damage in mice. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5601-5610. [PMID: 29484397 PMCID: PMC5866000 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia injury is a clinical, frequently occurring disease, which causes a heavy burden on society and families. It has been demonstrated that cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) is significant in neurological injury caused by ischemic brain injury, and inhibition of cPLA2α may reduce stroke injury. In the present study, the role of cPLA2α was investigated in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion and/or reperfusion (MCAO/R) using an effective cPLA2α inhibitor and adenoviruses-mediated RNA interference. The most effective recombinant adenovirus encoding cPLA2α small interfering RNA (pAd-siRNA-cPLA2α) was constructed and selected. MCAO/R surgery is used to construct the model of focal ischemic brain damage in mice. Adenoviruses-mediated RNA interference targeting cPLA2α was administered by stereotactic surgery 2 h before the MCAO/R. The expression/activity of cPLA2α and cPLA2α-derived injurious lipid mediators was assessed. pAd-siRNA-cPLA2α-treated animals (RNA interference; RNAi group) were compared with pAd-siRNA-control-treated animals (negative group) with regard to neurological deficit, motor function, pathological changes, apoptosis, and infarct volume. The RNAi group animals reduced the expression level of cPLA2α, as determined by western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the improvement of locomotor function was evaluated by rotarod test, and the decrease of apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling staining. The decreased infarct areas were evaluated by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The expression levels of prostaglandin E2, leukotrienes B4, lysophosphatidylcholine and free fatty acids were reduced in the RNAi group when compared with the negative control group. Thus, the data indicates that the expression level of cPLA2α was effectively controlled by pAd-siRNA-cPLA2α treatment. pAd-siRNA-cPLA2α treatment, in reducing the levels of inflammatory factors, neurological deficit and tissue damage, represents an effective potential therapeutic strategy. pAd-siRNA-cPLA2α reduces cPLA2α expression levels with long-term efficacy, thereby improving functional deficits and effectively attenuating ischemic brain damage. Thus, pAd-siRNA-cPLA2α shows potential value for therapeutic evaluation in ischemic brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Fengtong Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
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Liu H, Zuo F, Wu H. Blockage of cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha by monoclonal antibody attenuates focal ischemic brain damage in mice. Biosci Trends 2017; 11:439-449. [DOI: 10.5582/bst.2017.01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Brain Branch of Heibei Province Cangzhou Central Hospital
| | - Fengtong Zuo
- Department of Neurology, The Brain Branch of Heibei Province Cangzhou Central Hospital
| | - Huijun Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Brain Branch of Heibei Province Cangzhou Central Hospital
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Inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) alpha protects against focal ischemic brain damage in mice. Brain Res 2012; 1471:129-37. [PMID: 22819928 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It is postulated that inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) alpha (cPLA(2)α) can reduce severity of stroke injury. This is supported by the finding that cPLA(2)α-deficient mice are partially protected from transient, focal cerebral ischemia. The object of this study was to determine the effect of cPLA(2)α inhibition with arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (ATK) on stroke injury in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 1h of focal cerebral ischemia followed by 24 or 72 h of reperfusion. Mice were treated with ATK or vehicle by intermittent intraperitoneal injection or continuous infusion via an implanted infusion pump. ATK injections 1h before and then 1 and 6h after the start of reperfusion significantly reduced infarction volumes in striatum and hemisphere after 24h of reperfusion. ATK did not reduce injury if it was not administered before onset of ischemia or was not administered after 6h of reperfusion. Intermittent doses of ATK failed to reduce infarct volume after 72 h of reperfusion. Continuous infusion with ATK throughout 72h of reperfusion significantly reduced cortical and whole hemispheric infarct volume compared to vehicle treatment. Following ischemia and reperfusion, ATK treatment significantly reduced brain PLA(2) activity. These results are the first to demonstrate a therapeutic effect of cPLA(2)α inhibition on ischemia and reperfusion injury and define a therapeutic time window. cPLA(2)α activity augments injury in the acute and delayed phases of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. We conclude that cPLA(2)α inhibition may be clinically useful if started before initiation of cerebral ischemia.
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Zhao Z, Liu N, Huang J, Lu PH, Xu XM. Inhibition of cPLA2 activation by Ginkgo biloba extract protects spinal cord neurons from glutamate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress-induced cell death. J Neurochem 2011; 116:1057-65. [PMID: 21182525 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) has been shown to be neuroprotective; however, the mechanism by which EGb761 mediates neuroprotection remains unclear. We hypothesized that the neuroprotective effect of EGb761 is mediated by inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)), an enzyme that is known to play a key role in mediating secondary pathogenesis after acute spinal cord injury (SCI). To determine whether EGb761 neuroprotection involves the cPLA(2) pathway, we first investigated the effect of glutamate and hydrogen peroxide on cPLA(2) activation. Results showed that both insults induced an increase in the expression of phosphorylated cPLA(2) (p-cPLA(2)), a marker of cPLA(2) activation, and neuronal death in vitro. Such effects were significantly reversed by EGb761 administration. Additionally, EGb761 significantly decreased prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) release, a downstream metabolite of cPLA(2). Moreover, inhibition of cPLA(2) activity with arachidonyl trifluromethyl ketone improved neuroprotection against glutamate and hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal death, and reversed Bcl-2/Bax ratio; notably, EGb761 produced greater effects than arachidonyl trifluromethyl ketone. Finally, we showed that the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway is involved in EGb761's modulation of cPLA(2) phosphorylation. These results collectively suggest that the protective effect of EGb761 is mediated, at least in part, through inhibition of cPLA(2) activation, and that the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway may play an important role in mediating the EGb761's effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Kishimoto K, Li RC, Zhang J, Klaus JA, Kibler KK, Doré S, Koehler RC, Sapirstein A. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha amplifies early cyclooxygenase-2 expression, oxidative stress and MAP kinase phosphorylation after cerebral ischemia in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2010; 7:42. [PMID: 20673332 PMCID: PMC2923122 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-7-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The enzyme cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha (cPLA2α) has been implicated in the progression of cerebral injury following ischemia and reperfusion. Previous studies in rodents suggest that cPLA2α enhances delayed injury extension and disruption of the blood brain barrier many hours after reperfusion. In this study we investigated the role of cPLA2α in early ischemic cerebral injury. Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed on cPLA2α+/+ and cPLA2α-/- mice for 2 hours followed by 0, 2, or 6 hours of reperfusion. The levels of cPLA2α, cyclooxygenase-2, neuronal morphology and reactive oxygen species in the ischemic and contralateral hemispheres were evaluated by light and fluorescent microscopy. PGE2 content was compared between genotypes and hemispheres after MCAO and MCAO and 6 hours reperfusion. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured during MCAO and phosphorylation of relevant MAPKs in brain protein homogenates was measured by Western analysis after 6 hours of reperfusion. Results Neuronal cPLA2α protein increased by 2-fold immediately after MCAO and returned to pre-MCAO levels after 2 hours reperfusion. Neuronal cyclooxygenase-2 induction and PGE2 concentration were greater in cPLA2α+/+ compared to cPLA2α-/- ischemic cortex. Neuronal swelling in ischemic regions was significantly greater in the cPLA2α+/+ than in cPLA2α-/- brains (+/+: 2.2 ± 0.3 fold vs. -/-: 1.7 ± 0.4 fold increase; P < 0.01). The increase in reactive oxygen species following 2 hours of ischemia was also significantly greater in the cPLA2α+/+ ischemic core than in cPLA2α-/- (+/+: 7.12 ± 1.2 fold vs. -/-: 3.1 ± 1.4 fold; P < 0.01). After 6 hours of reperfusion ischemic cortex of cPLA2α+/+, but not cPLA2α-/-, had disruption of neuron morphology and decreased PGE2 content. Phosphorylation of the MAPKs-p38, ERK 1/2, and MEK 1/2-was significantly greater in cPLA2a+/+ than in cPLA2α-/- ischemic cortex 6 hours after reperfusion. Conclusions These results indicate that cPLA2α modulates the earliest molecular and injury responses after cerebral ischemia and have implications for the potential clinical use of cPLA2α inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kishimoto
- The Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Saleem S, Shah ZA, Maruyama T, Narumiya S, Doré S. Neuroprotective properties of prostaglandin I2 IP receptor in focal cerebral ischemia. Neuroscience 2010; 170:317-23. [PMID: 20621166 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We and others have identified that inhibition of cyclooxygenase might not be the optimal approach to limiting brain damage after stroke. Now we are investigating the unique properties of the various prostaglandin receptors to determine whether blocking those that mediate toxicity or stimulating those that reduce toxicity will improve neurological outcomes. Here, we determined the respective contribution of the prostaglandin I(2) (PGI(2)) receptor in transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion (tMCAO) and permanent MCAO (pMCAO) preclinical stroke models by using male wildtype (WT) and IP receptor knockout (IP(-/-)) C57Bl/6 mice. In addition, we investigated the putative preventive and therapeutic effects of the IP receptor agonist beraprost. The infarct volumes and neurological deficit scores (NDS) were significantly greater in IP(-/-) than in WT mice after both tMCAO and pMCAO. Interestingly, beraprost pretreatment (50 or 100 microg/kg p.o.) 30 min before tMCAO and post-treatment (100 microg/kg p.o.) at 2 or 4.5 h of reperfusion significantly reduced the neurological deficit score and infarct volume in WT mice. Post-treatment with beraprost (100 microg/kg p.o.) 4.5 h after pMCAO also significantly decreased neurological deficits and infarct volume in WT mice. Together, these novel findings suggest for the first time that PGI(2) IP receptor activation can attenuate anatomical and functional damage following ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saleem
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Sanchez-Mejia RO, Newman JW, Toh S, Yu GQ, Zhou Y, Halabisky B, Cissé M, Scearce-Levie K, Cheng IH, Gan L, Palop JJ, Bonventre JV, Mucke L. Phospholipase A2 reduction ameliorates cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Nat Neurosci 2008; 11:1311-8. [PMID: 18931664 PMCID: PMC2597064 DOI: 10.1038/nn.2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal expression of familial Alzheimer's disease-mutant human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) and hAPP-derived amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides causes synaptic dysfunction, inflammation and abnormal cerebrovascular tone in transgenic mice. Fatty acids may be involved in these processes, but their contribution to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis is uncertain. We used a lipidomics approach to generate a broad profile of fatty acids in brain tissues of hAPP-expressing mice and found an increase in arachidonic acid and its metabolites, suggesting increased activity of the group IV isoform of phospholipase A(2) (GIVA-PLA(2)). The levels of activated GIVA-PLA(2) in the hippocampus were increased in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and in hAPP mice. Abeta caused a dose-dependent increase in GIVA-PLA(2) phosphorylation in neuronal cultures. Inhibition of GIVA-PLA(2) diminished Abeta-induced neurotoxicity. Genetic ablation or reduction of GIVA-PLA(2) protected hAPP mice against Abeta-dependent deficits in learning and memory, behavioral alterations and premature mortality. Inhibition of GIVA-PLA(2) may be beneficial in the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene O Sanchez-Mejia
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.
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Taylor AL, Bonventre JV, Uliasz TF, Hewett JA, Hewett SJ. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha inhibition prevents neuronal NMDA receptor-stimulated arachidonic acid mobilization and prostaglandin production but not subsequent cell death. J Neurochem 2008; 106:1828-40. [PMID: 18564366 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) enzymes encompass a superfamily of at least 13 extracellular and intracellular esterases that hydrolyze the sn-2 fatty acyl bonds of phospholipids to yield fatty acids and lysophospholipids. The purpose of this study was to characterize which phospholipase paralog regulates NMDA receptor-mediated arachidonic acid (AA) release. Using mixed cortical cell cultures containing both neurons and astrocytes, we found that [(3)H]-AA released into the extracellular medium following NMDA receptor stimulation (100 microM) increased with time and was completely prevented by the addition of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 (10 microM) or by removal of extracellular Ca(2+). Neither diacylglycerol lipase inhibition (RHC-80267; 10 microM) nor selective inhibition of Ca(2+)-independent PLA(2) [bromoenol lactone (BEL); 10 microM] alone had an effect on NMDA receptor-stimulated release of [(3)H]-AA. Release was prevented by methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate (MAFP) (5 microM) and AACOCF(3) (1 microM), inhibitors of both cytosolic PLA(2) (cPLA(2)) and Ca(2+)-independent PLA(2) isozymes. This inhibition effectively translated to block of NMDA-induced prostaglandin (PG) production. An inhibitor of p38MAPK, SB 203580 (7.5 microM), also significantly reduced NMDA-induced PG production providing suggestive evidence for the role of cPLA(2)alpha. Its involvement in release was confirmed using cultures derived from mice deficient in cPLA(2)alpha, which failed to produce PGs in response to NMDA receptor stimulation. Interestingly, neither MAFP, AACOCF(3) nor cultures derived from cPLA(2)alpha null mutant animals showed any protection against NMDA-mediated neurotoxicity, indicating that inhibition of this enzyme may not be a viable protective strategy in disorders of the cortex involving over-activation of the NMDA receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava L Taylor
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Ristori C, Cammalleri M, Martini D, Pavan B, Casini G, Cervia D, Bagnoli P. The cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 pathway is involved in the somatostatin-induced decrease of epileptiform bursting in the mouse hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 2008; 54:874-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Revised: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Donnelly DJ, Popovich PG. Inflammation and its role in neuroprotection, axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2007; 209:378-88. [PMID: 17662717 PMCID: PMC2692462 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 722] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Trauma to the central nervous system (CNS) triggers intraparenchymal inflammation and activation of systemic immunity with the capacity to exacerbate neuropathology and stimulate mechanisms of tissue repair. Despite our incomplete understanding of the mechanisms that control these divergent functions, immune-based therapies are becoming a therapeutic focus. This review will address the complexities and controversies of post-traumatic neuroinflammation, particularly in spinal cord. In addition, current therapies designed to target neuroinflammatory cascades will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin J Donnelly
- The Integrated Biomedical Science Graduate Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology & Medical Genetics, The Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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