1
|
Coroneo MT, Graterol-Nisi G, Maver E, Gillies RM. Aqueous Humor Circulation in the Era of Minimally Invasive Surgery for Glaucoma. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:898-907. [PMID: 38155316 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma surgery with implantation of aqueous humor draining microstents may compromise long-term corneal health by disrupting aqueous humor circulation. The effect of stent numbers on this circulation was interrogated to determine the number of stents associated with minimal circulation disruption. An in vitro anterior eye model perfusion system was constructed with multiple exit ports. A 3-D model of the anterior eye was imported into ABAQUS CFD, analyzes were carried out for unsteady laminar flow and solved using Navier-Stokes equations. DT Vision Foundry was used to analyze velocity contour plot images. The field variable results output for the CFD model were fluid wall shear, fluid pressure and fluid velocity. In vitro, "aqueous" fluid flow is high through a single stent and "aqueous" stagnation is greatest in the quadrants 180° away. Increasing stent port numbers, results in an exponential decrease in the stagnant flow locations. High wall shear stress was seen in the single stent model and is markedly reduced after a second and subsequent stents are introduced. We identify two factors potentially contributing to corneal compromise post glaucoma drainage surgery: aqueous humor stagnation, remote to the stent site and higher exit flows imparting increased stent exit shear stress (particularly with a single stent). With 4 stents, there is minimal disruption of anterior chamber circulation (mimicking physiological conditions). Furthermore we propose that aqueous humor circulation disruption via the usual single-exit port approach disrupts aqueous humor circulation with long-term consequences for corneal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minas T Coroneo
- Ophthalmic Surgeons, 2 St Pauls St, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Prince of Wales Hospital/University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | - Eric Maver
- Ophthalmic Surgeons, 2 St Pauls St, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - R Mark Gillies
- Medical Device Research Australia Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ali KM, Mostafa AA. Lens-related ocular emergencies (LROE) in dogs: treatment and visual outcome after late presentation of 90 eyes. Ir Vet J 2023; 76:12. [PMID: 37464438 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-023-00240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lens-related emergencies need immediate medical intervention to reduce complications, minimize pain, and improve the chances of retaining vision. The present study aimed to demonstrate the common lens-related ocular emergencies in dogs and evaluate the short-term outcomes after the treatment of these cases. Sixty dogs (90 eyes) of different breeds were presented with unilateral (30 eyes, OD = 18, OS = 12) and bilateral (60 eyes) ocular abnormalities related to crystalline lens injury. Clinical, ultrasonographic, and laboratory examinations were achieved. Different treatment protocols were conducted after a complete ophthalmic examination and the associated clinical outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS Mean (± SD) age of dogs at initial evaluation was 3.65 (± 2.4) years (range, 1-12 years). Lens luxation and subluxation were diagnosed in 45 eyes (25 with anterior lens luxation, 15 with subluxation, and 5 with posterior lens luxation). Lens-induced anterior uveitis without ocular hypertension (n = 25 eyes), lens-induced uveitis with secondary glaucoma (uveitic glaucoma) (n = 15 eyes), and lens capsule disruption (n = 5 eyes) were also diagnosed. The vision was lost in all 5 eyes with posterior lens luxation and secondary glaucoma (100%), 18/25 eyes with anterior lens luxation (72%), and 5/15 eyes with lens subluxation (33.3%). Vision impairment was also identified in 10/25 eyes (40%) with unresponsive lens-induced anterior uveitis and in 5/5 eyes (100%) with traumatic rupture of the anterior lens capsule. CONCLUSION Crystalline lens pathology can cause a wide variety of ocular emergencies that may result in blindness. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for handling lens-related emergencies in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Ali
- Department of Small Animal Surgery and Ophthalmology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Mostafa
- Department of Small Animal Surgery and Ophthalmology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Andrews ALMM, Kafarnik C, Fischer MC. Prevalence and outcome of lens capsule disruption IN routine canine cataract surgery: A retrospective study of 520 eyes (2012-2019). Vet Ophthalmol 2023. [PMID: 37028938 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and surgical outcome of lens capsule disruption (LCD) in dogs undergoing cataract removal. ANIMALS STUDIED Medical records of 924 eyes undergoing phacoemulsification were analyzed retrospectively. PROCEDURES Routine cataract surgeries with or without LCD were included. Any LCD other than routine anterior capsulorhexis was defined as LCD and classified according to location and etiology. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated for maintaining vision, implantation of an artificial intraocular lens (IOL), and enucleation. RESULTS In total, 520 eyes were included. A LCD occurred in 145 eyes (27.8%; 145/520) and affected the posterior (85.5%; 124/145), anterior (6.2%; 9/145), and equatorial lens capsule (4.8%; 7/145) and at multiple locations (3.4%; 5/145). The etiology of the LCD was spontaneous preoperative in 41 eyes (28.3%; 41/145), accidental intraoperative in 57 eyes (39.3%; 57/145), and planned in 47 eyes (32.4%; 47/145). Disruption did not increase the odds of enucleation (OR = 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56-3.67; p = .36). The presence of LCD significantly increased the risk of losing vision 1 year post-operatively (OR = 8.17, 95% CI 1.41-84.93; p = .007) associated with retinal detachment. However, this was not present at 2 years follow-up or in PCCC cases at any time point. An IOL was implanted in 108 eyes (108/145; 75.2%) with LCD and in 45/47 (95.7%) eyes with a PCCC. CONCLUSION Increased surgeon awareness of possible intraoperative, accidental LCDs is important, as LCDs were relatively common and associated with increased odds for vision loss after 1 year in the present study. A prospective study investigating the causes of intraoperative, accidental LCD is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L M M Andrews
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Christiane Kafarnik
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Maria-Christine Fischer
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Labelle A, Labelle P. Diagnosing Corneal Pigmentation in Small Animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:339-352. [PMID: 36813389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The transparency of the cornea is critical to its role in transmitting light. Loss of corneal transparency results in visual impairment. Corneal pigmentation results from melanin accumulation in the epithelial cells of the cornea. Differential diagnosis for corneal pigmentation include corneal sequestrum, corneal foreign body, limbal melanocytoma, iris prolapse, and dermoid. These conditions must be excluded to reach a diagnosis of corneal pigmentation. A myriad of ocular surface conditions are associated with corneal pigmentation, including qualitative and quantitative tear film deficiency, adnexal disease, corneal ulceration, and breed-related corneal pigmentation syndromes. Accurate etiologic diagnosis is critical to determining effective treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber Labelle
- Practice Owner, Bright Light Veterinary Eye Care, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Philippe Labelle
- Antech Diagnostics, 7555 Danbro Crescent, Mississauga, Ontario L5N 6P9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Verloop ABW, Read RA, Anastassiadis Z. Posterior lens capsule rupture in non-diabetic canine cataracts: Pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative findings. Vet Ophthalmol 2023; 26:12-18. [PMID: 36509702 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe clinical features of non-diabetic canine cataracts with presumed pre-existing posterior capsule rupture (PLCR) and their surgical outcomes. METHODS Clinical records of 497 non-diabetic canines that underwent elective cataract surgery were reviewed. Twelve canines met the inclusion criteria indicative of PLCR pre-dating surgery. RESULTS The incidence of presumed pre-existing PLCR was 12/497 (2.4%). Cataracts included were unilateral in 10 out of 12 canines (83.3%) and bilateral in the remaining two (16.7%). Four eyes (28.6%) had clinically detectable pre-operative lens-induced uveitis. The mean age at cataract diagnosis for cases included was 6.6 years, and golden retrievers were the most common breed affected (28.6%). Phacoemulsification surgery was performed at a median time of 110 days (range 17-403 days) after presentation. Pre-existing PLCR was found intra-operatively as a large ellipse spanning the posterior capsule from equator to equator centrally in 12 eyes and peripherally in two eyes. The capsular defect in all eyes with PLCR incorporated a distinct "pseudo-capsule" preventing vitreal presentation and ruling out intraoperative surgeon rupture. Ten eyes (71.4%) received an intraocular lens implant (IOL), and 13 eyes (92.9%) maintained vision throughout a mean follow-up period of 12 months. CONCLUSION Posterior lens capsule rupture of blunt trauma origin and associated cataract formation, as reported in humans, may also be an infrequent but distinct cause of some cases of non-diabetic canine cataracts. Medical management of phacolytic uveitis and delayed phacoemulsification surgery may be beneficial by allowing time for "pseudo-capsule" development, increasing the likelihood of IOL placement and improved visual outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert A Read
- Veterinary Ophthalmic Referrals, Plympton, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zoe Anastassiadis
- Veterinary Ophthalmic Referrals, Plympton, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
O'Neill DG, Packer RMA, Francis P, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, Pegram C. French Bulldogs differ to other dogs in the UK in propensity for many common disorders: a VetCompass study. Canine Med Genet 2021; 8:13. [PMID: 34911586 PMCID: PMC8675495 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-021-00112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The French Bulldog is a highly popular dog breed but is linked with many serious health issues. A holistic view of breed health in French Bulldogs would assist efforts to appreciate the overall health strengths and weaknesses in the French Bulldog and to take appropriate steps to mitigate these. Based on random sampling of French Bulldogs and non-French Bulldogs under primary veterinary care during 2016 within the VetCompass Programme, a cohort study design was used to estimate the one-year (2016) period prevalence of the most commonly diagnosed disorders in each group. Risk factor analysis used multivariable logistic regression modelling methods. Results The analysis included 2,781 French Bulldogs and 21,850 non-French Bulldogs. French Bulldogs were younger (1.51 years, IQR 0.86 – 2.77 vs. 4.48 years, IQR 1.94 – 8.14) (p < 0.001) and lighter (12.45 kg, IQR 11.00 – 14.03 versus 13.80 kg, IQR 8.10 – 25.12) (p < 0.001) than non-French Bulldogs. Of 43 common specific-level disorders across both groups, French Bulldogs had significantly increased adjusted odds of 20/43 (46.5 %) disorders and significantly reduced adjusted odds of 11/43 (25.6 %) disorders compared to non-French Bulldogs. Highly predisposed disorders in French Bulldogs included stenotic nares (OR 42.14; 95 % CI 18.50 to 95.99; p < 0.001), Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (OR 30.89; 95 % CI 20.91 to 45.64; p < 0.001), aural discharge (OR 14.40; 95 % CI 9.08 to 22.86; p < 0.001), skin fold dermatitis (OR 11.18; 95 % CI 7.19 to 17.40; p < 0.001) and dystocia (OR 9.13; 95 % CI 5.17 to 16.13; p < 0.001). At a grouped-level of diagnostic precision, French Bulldogs had increased adjusted odds of 12/32 (37.5 %) disorders and reduced adjusted odds of 6/32 (18.8 %) disorders compared to non-French Bulldogs. Conclusions These results identified ultra-predispositions with worryingly higher odds in French Bulldogs for several disorders, suggesting that the health of French Bulldogs has diverged substantially from, and may be lower than, the health of the wider non-French Bulldog population. Many of these predispositions are closely associated with the conformational extremes that define the French Bulldog breed. Shifting the typical conformation of the French Bulldog population towards a more moderate phenotype is proposed as a logical opportunity to reduce the serious health issues endemic in the French Bulldog breed. The French Bulldog is currently a hugely popular dog breed in the UK. However, the breed is linked with a range of serious health issues. Using veterinary clinical data from the VetCompass Programme at the Royal Veterinary College, this study aimed to compare the frequency of common disorders in French Bulldogs against that of all remaining dogs to identify health strengths and weaknesses in French Bulldogs. This overall view of breed health can assist owners, breeders and veterinarians to take appropriate actions to improve the health of French Bulldogs. From an overall population of 905,544 dogs, random samples of 2,781 French Bulldogs and 21,850 non-French Bulldogs were included in the analysis. French Bulldogs were younger (1.51 years versus 4.48 years) and lighter (12.45 kg versus 13.80 kg) than non-French Bulldogs. French Bulldogs had increased risk of 20/43 (46.5 %) specific disorders and decreased risk of 11/43 (25.6 %) specific disorders compared to non-French Bulldogs. The disorders with greatest relative risk in French Bulldogs compared to non-French Bulldogs were narrowed nostrils (x 42.14), Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (x 30.89), ear discharge (x 14.40), skin fold dermatitis (x 11.18) and difficulty giving birth [dystocia] (x 9.13). When the disorders were grouped into broad disease categories, French Bulldogs had increased risk of 12/32 (37.5 %) disorder groups and reduced risk of 6/32 (18.8 %) disorder groups compared to non-French Bulldogs. This study suggests that the health of French Bulldogs is very different, and largely much poorer, that the health of the wider non-French Bulldog population. Many of these differences are closely associated with the extreme body shape that defines the French Bulldog breed. Shifting the body shape of French Bulldogs to become more moderate, and hence less extreme, is proposed as a logical opportunity to reduce the current serious and common health issues in the French Bulldog breed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan G O'Neill
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, Hatfield, Herts, UK.
| | - Rowena M A Packer
- Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, Hatfield, Herts, UK
| | - Peter Francis
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, Hatfield, Herts, UK
| | - David B Church
- Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, Hatfield, Herts, UK
| | - Dave C Brodbelt
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, Hatfield, Herts, UK
| | - Camilla Pegram
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, Hatfield, Herts, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lewin GA, Dixon CJ. Post-operative outcomes in canine eyes receiving a rhexis-fixated prosthetic intra-ocular lens: 30 cases (2014-2020). J Small Anim Pract 2021; 63:211-219. [PMID: 34796972 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report the outcomes following the insertion of a rhexis-fixated prosthetic intraocular lens (IOL) in dogs undergoing lens removal. MATERIALS AND METHODS The results are from 30 eyes of 28 dogs, undergoing lendectomy, in which the lens capsule could not accommodate a conventional prosthetic endo-capsular IOL. The reported cases had sustained either spontaneous or traumatic lens capsule rupture, or accidental intra-operative iatrogenic lens capsule disruption, or had required a planned, large, anterior or posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, all of which precluded insertion of a prosthetic IOL within the lens capsule. An acrylic IOL (XVET; Medicontur) was modified and positioned across the anterior and/or posterior capsulorhexes. RESULTS Other than haptic luxation in three cases, no complications were seen that were directly attributable to the rhexis-fixated lens. Over a follow-up period from three to 76 months (mean 20.7 months) 26/30 eyes remained visual. Blindness developed in three eyes due to retinal detachment and one eye was enucleated due to regrowth of a ciliary body adenoma. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Rhexis fixation provided an alternative method to implant a prosthetic IOL when the lens capsule was unable to accommodate a conventional endo-capsular IOL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Lewin
- Veterinary Vision, Signal House, Gillan Way, Penrith, Cumbria, CA11 9BP, UK
| | - C J Dixon
- Veterinary Vision, Signal House, Gillan Way, Penrith, Cumbria, CA11 9BP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hong H, Kim J, Cho H, Park SM, Jeon M, Kim HK, Kim DS. Ultra-stiff compressed collagen for corneal perforation patch graft realized by in situ photochemical crosslinking. Biofabrication 2020; 12:045030. [PMID: 33000763 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abb52a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the potential of a collagen construct, consisting of a major extracellular matrix component of the native cornea, as a patch graft to treat the corneal perforation, there has still been difficulty in acquiring sufficient mechanical properties for clinical availability. This study developed a novel in situ photochemical crosslinking (IPC)-assisted collagen compression process, namely, the IPC-C2 process, to significantly enhance the mechanical properties of the collagen construct for the development of a collagenous patch graft. For the first time, we found that compressed collagen construct was rapidly rehydrated in an aqueous solution, which inhibited effective riboflavin-mediated photochemical crosslinking for mechanical improvement. The IPC-C2 process was designed to concurrently induce the physical compaction and photochemical crosslinking of a compressed collagen construct, thereby avoiding the loosening of collagen fibrillar structure during rehydration and ultimately improving crosslinking efficiency. Hence, the suggested IPC-C2 process could fabricate a collagen construct with a high collagen density (∼120-280 mg ml-1) and ∼103-fold increased mechanical properties (an elastic modulus of up to ∼29 MPa and ultimate tensile strength of ∼8 MPa) compared with collagen gel. This construct can then be used as a clinically applicable collagenous patch graft. With sufficient mechanical strength for surgical suture and the controllable thickness for patient specificity, the potential of the fabricated IPC-compressed collagen construct for clinical applications was demonstrated by using an in vivo rabbit corneal perforation model. It effectively protected aqueous humor leakage and maintained the integrity of the eye globe without an additional complication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjun Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wynne RM. Ocular Emergencies in Small Animal Patients. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2020; 50:1261-1276. [PMID: 32854977 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Small animal ocular emergencies vary from relatively benign to potentially vision or life threatening, with significant overlap in clinical signs. Careful ophthalmic examination in dim light conditions with a bright light source and competent patient head restraint are crucial to properly diagnosing ocular disease. Adjunctive ophthalmic diagnostic testing should be performed to rule out corneal ulceration, glaucoma, and dry eye before empiric topical antibiotic or steroid medications are prescribed. Most emergency cases present because of ocular redness, cloudiness, discomfort, apparent bulging, or vision loss; categorizing differential diagnoses on this basis can be helpful to the emergency clinician.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Matusow Wynne
- Cornell University Veterinary Specialists, 880 Canal Street, Stamford, CT 06902, USA; Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fischer MC, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Progression and complications of canine cataracts for different stages of development and aetiologies. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 59:616-624. [PMID: 30132899 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate progression and complications of various cataract aetiologies and stages of development. MATERIALS AND METHODS In all, 447 eyes of 250 dogs with cataracts were monitored between 2012 and 2015. Breed, gender, age, vision, types of cataract, stage of cataract development (incipient, immature, mature and hypermature), complications of cataracts, ocular ultrasonography and electroretinography findings were recorded. Re-examinations were performed after a minimum of 1, 6 and 12 months. A relative rate of progression within 1 month was determined and progression was categorised as stationary, slow, moderate or rapid. RESULTS Overall, 44∙7% cataracts progressed and 55∙3% remained stationary. Incipient, immature, mature and hypermature cataracts progressed in 34∙1, 72∙7, 66∙7 and 44∙6% of cases, respectively. Hereditary, congenital, diabetic, contusive trauma-related, perforating trauma-related, radiation-related, senile cataracts and cataracts secondary to concurrent ocular diseases progressed in 47∙1, 66∙7, 66∙7, 50, 44∙4, 0, 29∙9 and 48∙9% of cases, respectively. Rapid progression was identified in 13∙3% of diabetic and 4∙3% of hereditary cataracts. Complications were diagnosed in 43∙5% and occurred at any stage but more frequently the further the cataract had developed. Lens-induced uveitis was the most common complication. Diabetic, traumatic, secondary and hereditary cataracts were associated with more complications than senile cataracts. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Stage of development and cataract aetiology are associated with different rates of progression and complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Fischer
- Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - A Meyer-Lindenberg
- Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Galera PD, Araújo RL, Sant’Ana FJD, Castro MB. Caracterização clínica e histopatológica de bulbos oculares de cães e gatos (2005-2015). PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017001000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO: Objetivou-se realizar a caracterização clínica e histopatológica de bulbos oculares de cães e gatos, removidos cirurgicamente por indicação clínica, no período entre 2005-2015. Foram realizados 101 procedimentos de remoção do bulbo ocular, 93 enucleações (92%) e 8 exenterações (8%). Os procedimentos foram realizados em 80 cães, (79% dos casos) e em 21 gatos (21% dos casos). Os cães submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica apresentavam perfurações oculares (n=31, 39%), glaucoma (n=19, 24%), protrusão ocular (n=13, 16%), diagnósticos sugestivos de neoplasia (n=10, 12,5%) e outros (n=3, 2,97%). Dentre os gatos os diagnósticos clínicos compreenderam perfuração ocular (n=9, 49%), glaucoma (n=3, 14,2%), microftalmia (n=3, 14,2%), sugestivo de neoplasia (n=2, 9,5%), protrusão ocular (n=2, 9,5%) e outros (n=2, 9,5%). Vinte e sete amostras de bulbos oculares foram submetidas para avaliação histopatológica, sendo 23 provenientes de cães e quatro de gatos. Dentre as amostras de origem canina, sete exibiram achados histopatológicos compatíveis com glaucoma, sete perfurações oculares, seis neoplasias intraoculares, duas panoftalmites e um quadro de Phthisis bulbi. Nos bulbos oculares de gatos foram diagnosticadas duas neoplasias intraoculares, uma microftalmia e uma perfuração ocular. Constatou-se que o glaucoma secundário, as neoplasias e as perfurações oculares estão entre as principais causas de enucleação em cães, e associadas a alterações primárias como a ceratoconjuntivite seca e as uveítes. Estas afecções, diferentemente das neoplasias, podem ter êxito terapêutico mediante diagnóstico e tratamento precoces, prevenindo a cegueira e a remoção do bulbo ocular.
Collapse
|
12
|
O’Neill DG, Lee MM, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, Sanchez RF. Corneal ulcerative disease in dogs under primary veterinary care in England: epidemiology and clinical management. Canine Genet Epidemiol 2017; 4:5. [PMID: 28630713 PMCID: PMC5471714 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-017-0045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corneal ulcerative disease (CUD) has the potential to adversely affect animal welfare by interfering with vision and causing pain. The study aimed to investigate for the first time the prevalence, breed-based risk factors and clinical management of CUD in the general population of dogs under primary veterinary care in England. RESULTS Of 104,233 dogs attending 110 clinics participating within the VetCompass Programme from January 1st to December 31st 2013, there were 834 confirmed CUD cases (prevalence: 0.80%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75-0.86). Breeds with the highest prevalence included Pug (5.42% of the breed affected), Boxer (4.98%), Shih Tzu (3.45%), Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (2.49%) and Bulldog (2.41%). Purebred dogs had 2.23 times the odds (95% CI 1.84-2.87, P < 0.001) of CUD compared with crossbreds. Brachycephalic types had 11.18 (95% CI 8.72-14.32, P < 0.001) and spaniel types had 3.13 (95% CI 2.38-4.12, P < 0.001) times the odds for CUD compared with crossbreds. Pain was recorded in 385 (46.2%) cases and analgesia was used in 455 (54.6%) of dogs. Overall, 62 (7.4%) cases were referred for advanced management and CUD contributed to the euthanasia decision for 10 dogs. CONCLUSIONS Breeds such as the Pug and Boxer, and conformational types such as brachycephalic and spaniels, demonstrated predisposition to CUD in the general canine population. These results suggest that breeding focus on periocular conformation in predisposed breeds should be considered in order to reduce corneal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan G. O’Neill
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - Monica M. Lee
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - Dave C. Brodbelt
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - David B. Church
- Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - Rick F. Sanchez
- Speciaslistische Dierenkliniek Utrecht, Middenwetering 19, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Farman C, Schuetz C, Lorget F, Bantseev V, Calise D, Thackaberry EA. Lens Capsule Perforation Without Inflammation in 4 Rabbits From Intravitreal Injection Studies. Vet Pathol 2017; 54:870-876. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985817705169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Farman
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Farman Pathology, Reno, NV, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Paulsen ME, Braus B, Featherstone H, Heinrich C, Renwick P, Rhodes M. Letter to the Editor. Vet Ophthalmol 2017; 20:189-191. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Paulsen
- Animal Eye Clinic; 5800 W. Interstate 20 Highway Suite #120 Arlington, 76107 TX USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Braus BK, Tichy A, Featherstone HJ, Renwick PW, Rhodes M, Heinrich CL. Outcome of phacoemulsification following corneal and lens laceration in cats and dogs (2000-2010). Vet Ophthalmol 2015; 20:4-10. [PMID: 26683004 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the success rate of phacoemulsification following corneal and lens laceration in dogs and cats. PROCEDURE Retrospective review of cats and dogs presenting with corneal and lens laceration and treated with phacoemulsification. RESULTS The records of 33 patients (33 eyes: six feline, 27 canine) presenting to a private referral center were reviewed. Affected dogs were younger (median 18 months) than affected cats (median 30 months). The lacerations were caused by cat scratch trauma (9/33), thorn injury (6/33), and glass shards (1/33); the cause was unknown in 17/33 cases. All cats and 85.2% of all dogs were visual at the last examination. The median follow-up was 4 and 8 months for cats and dogs, respectively. In all canine cases that developed vision loss, this occurred within the first 14 weeks postoperatively. The ultimate cause for vision loss in dogs was secondary glaucoma (4/4) and retinal detachment (1/4). CONCLUSION Cats have an excellent outcome and dogs a very good outcome following surgery for corneal and lens laceration. The cause of the trauma, the size of the lesion, the time interval between the ocular trauma and surgery, and the type of surgery were not found to have an influence on the outcome of patients in this study. We postulate that vision loss might develop more often in cases with complications associated with the initial corneal laceration wound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara K Braus
- Department for Companion animals and horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Wien, Austria
| | - Alexander Tichy
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Platform, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Peter W Renwick
- Willows Veterinary Centre & Referral Service, Solihull, West Midlands, UK
| | - Michael Rhodes
- Willows Veterinary Centre & Referral Service, Solihull, West Midlands, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Colitz CMH, O'Connell K. Lens-Related Emergencies: Not Always So Clear. Top Companion Anim Med 2015; 30:81-5. [PMID: 26494499 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Emergencies involving the crystalline lens are not common; however, their clinical signs must be recognized quickly to begin treatment or referred immediately to improve the chances of retaining sight. The lens is a unique structure because of its immunologically privileged status and its imperative clarity for vision. Any insult to the lens capsule's integrity, its position within the globe, or to its clarity may result in undesirable sequelae.
Collapse
|
18
|
Tetas Pont R, Matas Riera M, Newton R, Donaldson D. Corneal and anterior segment foreign body trauma in dogs: a review of 218 cases. Vet Ophthalmol 2015; 19:386-97. [PMID: 26359142 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review clinical data on dogs that suffered a corneal and anterior segment foreign body (CASFB) trauma and to determine the risk factors for foreign body (FB) trauma and subsequent enucleation. ANIMALS STUDIED Dogs with CASFB presented to the Animal Health Trust (AHT) from January 2000 to December 2012. PROCEDURES Clinical data for CASFB cases were compared to those available for the remaining AHT ophthalmic population over the same period. The depth of the FB trauma was divided into five categories. The type of FB and method of removal were described for each category. The degree of secondary uveitis and lens involvement was graded and correlated with subsequent enucleation. RESULTS The mean age (standard deviation) of 218 identified CASFB cases was 3.96 (2.95) years. Risk factors for CASFB trauma were dogs younger than 5 years, English Springer Spaniels, Labrador Retrievers, and working dogs. Most dogs required general anesthesia for FB removal, and hypodermic needles were the most commonly used instrument. The lens was involved in some cases with a full-thickness CASFB trauma (n = 49, 45%), but most suffered a minor lens trauma (n = 37, 76%). The lens trauma and phacoclastic uveitis were managed medically in most dogs (n = 37, 76%), and phacoemulsification was only elected as initial treatment in some dogs (n = 10, 20%). Enucleation was required overall in 6% of dogs. Statistically significant associations were found between enucleation and depth of FB trauma, degree of uveitis, and severity of lens trauma (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Young dogs, English Springer Spaniels, Labrador Retrievers, and working dogs had an increased risk of CASFB trauma. Risk factors for enucleation were full-thickness FB penetration, severe lens trauma, and severe uveitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roser Tetas Pont
- Comparative Ophthalmology Unit, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, CB8 7UU, UK.
| | - Marian Matas Riera
- Comparative Ophthalmology Unit, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - Richard Newton
- Epidemiology and Disease Surveillance Centre of Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - David Donaldson
- Comparative Ophthalmology Unit, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, CB8 7UU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fischer MC, Meyer-Lindenberg A. [Cataracts in dogs--overview and guideline for decision making in treatment]. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2014; 42:411-23; quiz 424. [PMID: 25422865 DOI: 10.15654/tpk-140877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cataract is the leading cause of impaired vision and vision loss in dogs. Because of the considerable progress in cataract surgery in recent decades, lens opacities can now be operated on with very good short-term success (90-95%), taking into account that proper patient selection is essential to maximize the probability of a successful surgical outcome. Following a description of anatomical and physiological lens characteristics, the etiology and complications of untreated cataracts are discussed. Furthermore, specific criteria for patient selection are addressed while delineating essential steps of the examination. This article aims to aid decision making in cataract therapy on the basis of diagnostic guidance and to facilitate the selection of an appropriate point of time for surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M-C Fischer
- Maria-Christine Fischer, Chirurgische und Gynäkologische Kleintierklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539 München, E-Mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|