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King C, Stine JM, Welihozkiy A, Baldwin TL. Chemical ciliary body ablation in dogs with chronic glaucoma and anterior lens luxation: A retrospective review from 2017 to 2022. Vet Ophthalmol 2024. [PMID: 38597204 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical outcomes of chemical ciliary body ablation (CBA) in dogs with chronic glaucoma and concurrent anterior lens luxation and to investigate adverse ocular effects of this procedure. PROCEDURES Retrospective review of 17 dogs (18 eyes) with chronic glaucoma and concurrent anterior lens luxation treated with intravitreal gentamicin with or without dexamethasone sodium phosphate or triamcinolone acetonide. Data collected included signalment, concurrent ocular disease, topical medications prescribed, follow-up duration, and intraocular pressure (IOP) pretreatment, posttreatment, and at the last follow-up visit. Success was defined as an IOP <25 mmHg with no additional procedures or ocular hypotensive medications at the last examination to date. RESULTS The success rate for CBA in dogs with chronic glaucoma and concurrent anterior lens luxation was 88.9% without the need of additional surgical or ocular hypotensive therapies. Glaucoma was suspected to be secondary to lens luxation in 72.2% of cases. The most common postoperative complications were phthisis bulbi (50.0%), keratoconjunctivitis sicca (27.8%), and uveitis (27.8%). Long-term management with topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, corticosteroids, and/or immunomodulators was needed in 70.6% of cases. CONCLUSIONS CBA with intravitreal injection of gentamicin is effective at maintaining an IOP <25 mmHg in dogs with chronic glaucoma and concurrent anterior lens luxation. Management of postoperative sequelae commonly requires continued use of topical medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina King
- BluePearl Veterinary Partners, Clearwater, Florida, USA
- BluePearl Veterinary Partners, Sarasota, Florida, USA
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Bedos L, Sandmeyer L, Campbell J, Grahn BH. Prevalence of pre-iridal monocellular and fibrovascular membranes in canine globes affected with congenital glaucoma associated with anterior segment dysgenesis, primary glaucoma associated with goniodysgenesis, and secondary glaucoma. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1289283. [PMID: 38444777 PMCID: PMC10912326 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1289283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the prevalence of pre-iridal monocellular and fibrovascular membranes in canine globes affected with congenital glaucoma associated with anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD), primary glaucoma associated with goniodysgenesis (GD), and secondary glaucoma, and (ii) examine the associations between monocellular and fibrovascular membranes by breed, gender, age and histopathologic ocular changes on light microscopic examination. Methods Records of dogs who had eyes enucleated due to blindness and uncontrolled glaucoma were reviewed. Glaucoma was categorized clinically and histologically into three groups: congenital/ASD, primary/GD, and secondary glaucoma. The presence or absence and type of pre-iridal membrane (monocellular or fibrovascular) and other intraocular histologic findings were reviewed and compared statistically for each group. Results In total, 108 canine globes (101 dogs) were included. Pre-iridal monocellular membranes were identified with light microscopy in 10 out of 19 congenital/ASD, 29 out of 40 primary, and 23 out of 49 secondary glaucoma globes. Fibrovascular membranes were observed in 3 out of 19 congenital/ASD, 9 out of 40 in primary, and 24 out of 49 secondary glaucoma globes. There were no associations between the type of membrane and breed, gender, or age. Peripheral anterior synechiae were more common in globes with fibrovascular membranes, and uveal atrophy was more common in globes with monocellular membranes. Conclusion Pre-iridal monocellular membranes are common in all types of canine glaucoma. They are identified with light microscopy most easily in cases of primary glaucoma, and they are masked by pre-iridal fibrovascular membranes in other forms of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Bedos
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Lynne Sandmeyer
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - John Campbell
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Bruce H. Grahn
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Jeong D, Kang S, Lee E, Seo K. The relationship between corneal calcareous degeneration and various ophthalmic diseases in dogs: A retrospective study. Vet Ophthalmol 2023. [PMID: 38101946 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate ocular factors that influence the development of corneal calcareous degeneration (CCD) in dogs. ANIMALS AND PROCEDURES The medical records of 96 eyes of dogs with CCD and 288 eyes without CCD were retrospectively reviewed. Dogs with evidence of causative systemic illness associated with CCD were excluded from the study. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the ocular factors associated with the development of CCD. To identify the effect of phosphate-containing eyedrops on CCD, the application periods of phosphate-containing antiglaucoma eyedrops were compared between the glaucomatous eyes in the CCD and non-CCD groups. RESULTS Increased age, brachycephalic breed, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, advanced cataract, history of phacoemulsification, and topical corticosteroid application were significantly associated with CCD development. Glaucoma was significantly overrepresented in the non-CCD group, and the application period of phosphate-containing antiglaucoma eyedrops was significantly longer in eyes with CCD than in those without CCD. CONCLUSIONS Ophthalmic diseases requiring long-term management of ocular inflammation and long-term application of phosphate-containing eyedrops may contribute to the development of CCD. Glaucoma is overrepresented in dogs without CCD, which is thought to be due to the differences in predisposed age and breeds between dogs with glaucoma and CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajeong Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonmi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kangmoon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Bowyer AN, Lassaline ME, Holt E. An evaluation of intracapsular lens extraction and transcorneal lens reduction for treatment of anterior lens luxation in dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2023. [PMID: 37975567 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate success rate, complications, and outcomes in dogs with anterior lens luxation (ALL) treated with intracapsular lens extraction (ICLE) or transcorneal lens reduction (TCLR). PROCEDURE Medical records of dogs with ALL undergoing ICLE or TCLR from 2014 to 2021 were reviewed. Signalment, presenting complaint, history, ophthalmic examination findings, short-term complications, and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS There were 20 ICLEs and 31 TCLRs; however, some cases were included in both groups. One ICLE was unsuccessful and four had undergone TCLR first, leaving 15 ICLEs. Three TCLRs were unsuccessful, four were lost to follow up, and three subsequently underwent ICLE due to recurrent ALL, leaving 21 TCLRs. Anterior uveitis was more common following ICLE than TCLR, p < .001 The frequencies of other short-term complications (post-operative hypertension and corneal ulceration) were not statistically different between groups. Median follow-up was 256 and 48 days for ICLE and TCLR, respectively. Vision was retained in 7/10 (70%) eyes following ICLE and 4/9 (44%) eyes following TCLR, p = .34. Enucleation was recommended for fewer eyes following ICLE (2/15 [13%]) than TCLR (7/21 [33%], p = .47). In total, lens extraction was achieved in 19/20 (95%) ICLEs and lens reduction was achieved in 28/31 (90%) TCLRs. Anterior lens luxation recurred in 10/24 (41%) TCLRs. CONCLUSIONS The present study adds data to the current knowledge base regarding the treatment of ALL in dogs and highlights the need for future prospective studies containing a larger number of animals to help inform treatment decisions for dogs with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Bowyer
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary E Lassaline
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elaine Holt
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Abstract
This article provides a simplified approach to diagnosis and clinical decision making in cases of canine glaucoma for the general practitioner. An overview of the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology related to canine glaucoma is provided as a foundation. Classifications of glaucoma based on cause are described as congenital, primary, and secondary, and a discussion of key clinical examination findings is provided to guide appropriate therapy and prognostication. Finally, a discussion of emergency and maintenance therapy is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Sandmeyer
- Veterinary Ophthalmology, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Galera PD, Araújo RL, Sant’Ana FJD, Castro MB. Caracterização clínica e histopatológica de bulbos oculares de cães e gatos (2005-2015). PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017001000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO: Objetivou-se realizar a caracterização clínica e histopatológica de bulbos oculares de cães e gatos, removidos cirurgicamente por indicação clínica, no período entre 2005-2015. Foram realizados 101 procedimentos de remoção do bulbo ocular, 93 enucleações (92%) e 8 exenterações (8%). Os procedimentos foram realizados em 80 cães, (79% dos casos) e em 21 gatos (21% dos casos). Os cães submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica apresentavam perfurações oculares (n=31, 39%), glaucoma (n=19, 24%), protrusão ocular (n=13, 16%), diagnósticos sugestivos de neoplasia (n=10, 12,5%) e outros (n=3, 2,97%). Dentre os gatos os diagnósticos clínicos compreenderam perfuração ocular (n=9, 49%), glaucoma (n=3, 14,2%), microftalmia (n=3, 14,2%), sugestivo de neoplasia (n=2, 9,5%), protrusão ocular (n=2, 9,5%) e outros (n=2, 9,5%). Vinte e sete amostras de bulbos oculares foram submetidas para avaliação histopatológica, sendo 23 provenientes de cães e quatro de gatos. Dentre as amostras de origem canina, sete exibiram achados histopatológicos compatíveis com glaucoma, sete perfurações oculares, seis neoplasias intraoculares, duas panoftalmites e um quadro de Phthisis bulbi. Nos bulbos oculares de gatos foram diagnosticadas duas neoplasias intraoculares, uma microftalmia e uma perfuração ocular. Constatou-se que o glaucoma secundário, as neoplasias e as perfurações oculares estão entre as principais causas de enucleação em cães, e associadas a alterações primárias como a ceratoconjuntivite seca e as uveítes. Estas afecções, diferentemente das neoplasias, podem ter êxito terapêutico mediante diagnóstico e tratamento precoces, prevenindo a cegueira e a remoção do bulbo ocular.
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Beamer G, Reilly CM, Pizzirani S. Microscopic Lesions in Canine Eyes with Primary Glaucoma. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2016; 45:1213-33, vi. [PMID: 26456753 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the clinical classification of primary glaucoma in dogs is quite simple, the phenotypes of glaucoma in most of the species are indeed multiple. Ophthalmologists can often evaluate the dynamic changes of clinical signs at different times in the course of the disease, whereas pathologists are often presented with globes that have undergone abundant therapies and are at the end stage. Therefore, an open collaboration between clinicians and pathologists can produce the most accurate interpretation in the pathology report and improve patient outcomes. This article focuses on the histomorphologic elements that characterize, and are important to, canine primary glaucomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Beamer
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
| | - Christopher M Reilly
- Microbiology & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Stefano Pizzirani
- Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
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Komáromy AM, Petersen-Jones SM. Genetics of Canine Primary Glaucomas. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2015; 45:1159-82, v. [PMID: 26277300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Primary glaucomas are a leading cause of incurable vision loss in dogs. Based on their specific breed predilection, a genetic cause is suspected to be responsible, and affected dogs should be excluded from breeding. Despite the high prevalence of primary glaucomas in dogs, their genetics have been studied in only a small number of breeds. The identification of canine glaucoma disease genes, and the development of genetic tests, will help to avoid the breeding of affected dogs in the future and will allow for earlier diagnosis and potentially more effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- András M Komáromy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, Room D-208, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Simon M Petersen-Jones
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, Room D-208, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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