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Salvati M, Caroli E, Rocchi G, Frati A, Brogna C, Orlando ER. Post-Traumatic Glioma. Report of Four Cases and Review of the Literature. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 90:416-9. [PMID: 15510986 DOI: 10.1177/030089160409000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background To add a further contribution to the literature supporting the relationship between previous head trauma and development of glioma. Methods We report on four patients who developed brain gliomas in the scar of an old brain injury. Results All cases fulfilled the widely established criteria for brain tumors of traumatic origin. In all of our cases there was radiological evidence of absence of tumor at the time of the injury. Conclusions We believe that in specific cases it is reasonable to acknowledge an etiological association between a severe head trauma and the development of a glioma. This assumption is further sustained if there is radiological and surgical documentation of the absence of neoplasia at the moment of the trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Salvati
- Department of Neurosurgery, INM Neuromed IRCCS, Pozzilli, Italy.
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2
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Abstract
Toxicological test data on Ozokerite, Ceresin, Montan Wax, Paraffin, Microcrystalline Wax, Emulsifying Wax N.F., Synthetic Wax and Synthetic Beeswax are presented. Based on the documented animal and clinical test data, it is concluded that these waxes are safe for use as cosmetic ingredients in the present practices of concentration and use.
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Suriano F, Daneshmand S, Buscarini M. Use of nonabsorbable staples for urinary diversion: a step in the wrong direction. Urol Int 2012; 90:125-9. [PMID: 22777143 DOI: 10.1159/000339377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of bowel segments incorporated into the urinary tract is well established in urological surgery. OBJECTIVE To describe and compare the use of absorbable and nonabsorbable staples for creation of a urine reservoir after radical cystectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review is based on a systematic Medline search assessing the period 1950-2010. RESULTS Use of the autosuture stapling device for the construction of the urinary diversion significantly reduces operating time. Johnson and Fuerst reported its use for the first time to construct a ureteroileocutaneous urinary diversion in 1973. However, many studies demonstrated that exposed metal staples represent a nidus for stone formation when they are in direct contact with urine, particularly in urinary diversions such as Kock pouch and ileal conduit. Stone formation has been attributed in part to the use of nonabsorbable artificial materials, such as metal staples and Marlex mesh, strictures of the pouch and accumulation of mucus. The treatment options for pouch calculi include observation for spontaneous passage, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, percutaneous or endoscopic lithotripsy/lithotomy. CONCLUSIONS Historically, the mean time to stone formation with nonabsorbable material (staples, Marlex mesh) is 34 months. None of the studies on use of nonabsorbable staples in urinary diversion has such a long follow-up. Until further studies with more appropriate observation time are completed, the use of nonabsorbable staples for continent and noncontinent urinary diversion should be discouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Suriano
- Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Rome, Italy. f.suriano @ unicampus.it
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4
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Ball GL, McLellan CJ, Bhat VS. Toxicological review and oral risk assessment of terephthalic acid (TPA) and its esters: A category approach. Crit Rev Toxicol 2011; 42:28-67. [PMID: 22050403 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2011.623149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate, a copolymer of terephthalic acid (TPA) or dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) with ethylene glycol, has food, beverage, and drinking water contact applications. Di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate (DEHT) is a plasticizer in food and drinking water contact materials. Oral reference doses (RfDs) and total allowable concentrations (TACs) in drinking water were derived for TPA, DMT, and DEHT. Category RfD and TAC levels were also established for nine C(1)-C(8) terephthalate esters. The mode of action of TPA, and of DMT, which is metabolized to TPA, involves urinary acidosis, altered electrolyte elimination and hypercalciuria, urinary supersaturation with calcium terephthalate or calcium hydrogen terephthalate, and crystallization into bladder calculi. Weanling rats were more sensitive to calculus formation than dams. Calculi-induced irritation led to bladder hyperplasia and tumors in rats fed 1000 mg/kg-day TPA. The lack of effects at 142 mg/kg-day supports a threshold for urine saturation with calcium terephthalate, a key event for calculus formation. Chronic dietary DMT exposure in rodents caused kidney inflammation, but not calculi. Chronic dietary DEHT exposure caused general toxicity unrelated to calculi, although urine pH was reduced suggesting the TPA metabolite was biologically-active, but of insufficient concentration to induce calculi. Respective oral reference doses of 0.5, 0.5, and 0.2 mg/kg-day and total allowable drinking water concentrations of 3, 3, and 1 mg/L were derived for TPA, DMT, and DEHT. An oral RfD of 0.2 mg/kg-day for the terephthalate category chemicals corresponded to a drinking water TAC of 1 mg/L.
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Cohen SM, Johansson SL, Arnold LL, Lawson TA. Urinary tract calculi and thresholds in carcinogenesis. Food Chem Toxicol 2002; 40:793-9. [PMID: 11983274 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(02)00020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Numerous chemicals administered to rodents at relatively high doses produce urinary tract calculi, resulting in erosions or ulcerations of the urothelium, consequent regenerative hyperplasia, and ultimately tumors. This is a high-dose (threshold) phenomenon, which appears to occur more readily in rodents than in primates, including humans. Several anatomic and urinary physiologic differences between rodents and humans affect the quantitative extrapolation from results in rodent bioassays to human risk assessment. For most chemicals producing tumors by this mode of action, human exposures are significantly lower than would be expected to be required for production of calculi, and therefore pose no carcinogenic hazard to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983135 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3135, USA.
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6
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Karbe E, Hartmann E, George C, Wadsworth P, Harleman J, Geiss V. Similarities between the uterine decidual reaction and the "mesenchymal lesion" of the urinary bladder in aging mice. EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE GESELLSCHAFT FUR TOXIKOLOGISCHE PATHOLOGIE 1998; 50:330-40. [PMID: 9784005 DOI: 10.1016/s0940-2993(98)80013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The histopathologic characteristics of the decidual reaction in the uterus of aging mice and the "mesenchymal lesion/tumor" in the urinary bladder of aging mice are compared and found to be very similar. Both lesions consist of spindle and epithelioid cells, may contain round eosinophilic granules and possess nuclear progesterone receptors and cytoplasmic desmin. The decidual reaction derives from endometrial stromal cells, while the "mesenchymal lesion" apparently develops from mesenchymal cells near the trigone area, carrying or developing progesterone receptors. If the hypothesis is accepted that in aging mice the uterine decidual reaction and the "mesenchymal lesion" in the urinary bladder represent an equivalent type of tissue reaction, then it follows that the typical "mesenchymal lesion" is not a tumor and could be called more specifically "decidual-like reaction".
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Affiliation(s)
- E Karbe
- Bayer AG, PH-PDT Toxicologic Pathology, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany.
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7
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Abstract
A unique morphologic change has been described in the submucosa of the urinary bladder of mice since the 1950s. These lesions, variously referred to as vegetative changes, reactive lesions, submucosal granulomas, leiomyosarcomas, atypical hemangiosarcomas, or submucosal mesenchymal tumors have been considered rare and of questionable etiology. Although the morphologic criteria are fairly well defined, the pathobiology of the lesion is not well characterized and the previously listed nomenclature reflects this uncertainty. The lesion may not be limited to the urinary bladder, the cell of origin is controversial, the biology is unknown, and whether the lesion is granulomatous, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, or a benign or malignant neoplasm is not well defined. Data compiled from multiple sources are discussed to review the strain of mouse most often affected, sex, age at diagnosis, anatomic location, incidence, descriptive morphology, immunohistochemical staining results, and other features of the submucosal mesenchymal tumor of the mouse urinary bladder. Presented are suggested terminology for the lesion, submucosal mesenchymal tumor of the mouse urinary bladder; the relevance of the tumor for human risk assessment; and discussion of the possible histogenesis of this lesion from primitive mesenchymal cells of the submucosa (lamina propria) of the urinary bladder of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Halliwell
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, Lafayette, New Jersey 07848, USA
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8
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ROE FJ. AN ILLUSTRATED CLASSIFICATION OF THE PROLIFERATIVE AND NEOPLASTIC CHANGES IN MOUSE BLADDER EPITHELIUM IN RESPONSE TO PROLONGED IRRITATION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 36:238-53. [PMID: 14191152 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1964.tb09506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Shibata MA, Shirai T, Takahashi S, Takesada Y, Iwata H, Okumura M, Fukushima S. Progressive growth of rat bladder carcinomas after exposure to prolonged uracil-induced urolithiasis. TERATOGENESIS, CARCINOGENESIS, AND MUTAGENESIS 1994; 14:157-68. [PMID: 7992227 DOI: 10.1002/tcm.1770140402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dietary uracil at the 3% level induces urinary bladder tumors in rats through urolithiasis-dependent mechanical irritation. In the present study, comparison of lesions induced by uracil administration over the different periods of 36 weeks (middle-term) and up to 103 weeks (long-term) revealed significant elevation of both incidences and multiplicity of transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) in the long-term group. Histopathological assessment in terms of tumor biology further demonstrated significantly higher grading on the basis of the degree of cellular and structural atypia, and greater depth of invasion in the long-term group. Application of markers for cell proliferation activities including proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and silver-binding nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) also revealed significantly elevated AgNOR counts in the long-term group TCC. AgNOR counts and PCNA rates in TCCs showed relation to the histological grades. Thus the present study demonstrated that prolonged uracil-induced urolithiasis causes more biologically aggressive bladder carcinomas with invasive potential. Continuous stimulation of cell proliferation presumably has the potential to facilitate multiple genetic alterations leading to development of more malignant carcinomas. However, it should be borne in mind that the difference in bladder cancer development might also be related to the fact that the animals survived longer and that the early lesions therefore had more time to progress to more advanced stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Shibata
- First Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Japan
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10
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Abstract
Twenty prepubescent rats underwent microsurgical gastrocystoplasty by a technique which is described. An equal number of control rats had their bladders opened and closed. Rats were sacrificed at 16 to 18 months postoperatively. There were no differences in final weight, serum electrolytes, or renal function between the two groups. Prominent histopathologic changes of the bladder occurred in the gastrocystoplasty group. These changes included papillomas present in five of the 15 rats surviving long term. No significant changes occurred in the bladders of the control group of rats. Possible etiologies and the significance of the rats. Possible etiologies and the significance of the gastrocystoplasty related lesions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Klee
- Department of Urology, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis 46202
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11
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Abstract
Almost from its discovery in 1879, the use of saccharin as an artificial, non-nutritive sweetener has been the center of several controversies regarding potential toxic effects, most recently focusing on the urinary bladder carcinogenicity of sodium saccharin in rats when fed at high doses in two-generation studies. No carcinogenic effect has been observed in mice, hamsters, or monkeys, and numerous epidemiological studies provide no clear or consistent evidence to support the assertion that sodium saccharin increases the risk of bladder cancer in the human population. Mechanism of action studies in the one susceptible species, the rat, continue to provide information useful in assessing potential risk to the human from saccharin consumption. Unlike typical carcinogens which interact with DNA, sodium saccharin is not genotoxic, but leads to an increase in cell proliferation of the urothelium, the only target tissue. It also appears that the effect of saccharin is modified by the salt form in which it is administered, despite equivalent concentrations of saccharin in the urine. The chemical form of saccharin in the urine is unaffected, and there is no evidence for a specific cell receptor for the saccharin molecule. Changes in several urinary parameters, such as pH, sodium, protein, silicates, volume, and others, appear to influence the reaction of the urothelium to sodium saccharin administration. Silicon-containing precipitate and/or crystals appear to be generated in the urine under specific circumstances, acting as microabrasive, cytotoxic material. Using a mathematical model of carcinogenesis, which encompasses the temporal dynamics and complexity of the process at a cellular level, including spontaneous genetic transitions, it has been shown that the effects of sodium saccharin can be explained entirely in terms of its non-genotoxic influence on cell proliferation. In interpreting these analytical studies in the human context, particularly as they pertain to the urinary milieu which appears to be pivotal in the effect of sodium saccharin, we are led to the conclusion that there is a threshold effect in male rats and that an effect on the human urothelium is unlikely at even the highest levels of human consumption.
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Mori K, Yamaguchi Y. Pre-neoplastic changes in rat urothelium following portacaval anastomosis. J Surg Oncol 1989; 42:80-91. [PMID: 2796351 DOI: 10.1002/jso.2930420204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of pre-neoplastic and neoplastic changes has been documented in the urinary tract of the rat after portacaval shunting (PCS) and has been attributed variously to circulating carcinogens, the development of bladder stones, or deficiency of vitamin A. Therefore, an investigation of the pathogenesis of bladder tumors after PCS was undertaken in 120 PCS and 120 sham-operated male Sprague Dawley rats. Ten rats from each group were sacrificed at monthly intervals for 1 year after surgery. The incidence of calculus formation in the bladder increased from 20% at 2 months to 80% at 12 months after PCS. Hyperplastic mucosal changes occurred 3 months after surgery. After 5 months, distinct papillomas developed, and after 7 months, increasingly severe papillary changes and squamous metaplasia were evident. Interestingly, these urothelial changes were seen both in animals with and without bladder stones. Significantly decreased serum vitamin A levels were observed at 6 months (54.0 +/- 8.8 IU/dl, n = 10) (P less than .01), and 12 months (41.0 +/- 7.9 IU/dl, n = 10) (P less than .01), compared to those in sham-operated controls of 126.0 +/- 12.5 IU/dl (n = 10) and 122.7 +/- 19.2 IU/dl (n = 10). In addition, PCS resulted in a significantly increased activity of urothelial ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a marker of neoplastic changes, at 6 months (3.1 +/- 0.4 nmoles CO2 in 60 min/mg protein, n = 5) (P less than .05) and 12 months (8.1 +/- 0.6 nmoles CO2 in 60 min/mg protein, n = 5) (P less than .05), when compared to ODC activity in controls (0.9 +/- 0.2 nmoles CO2 in 60 min/mg protein, n = 5). These data suggest that the development of urinary bladder tumor after PCS in the rat may be due to vitamin A deficiency rather than to bladder calculi or urinary carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mori
- Second Department of Surgery, Kumamoto University Medical School, Japan
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13
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Ito N, Fukushima S. Promotion of urinary bladder carcinogenesis in experimental animals. EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 1989; 36:1-15. [PMID: 2659378 DOI: 10.1016/s0232-1513(89)80104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Ito
- First Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Japan
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Edlich RF, Rodeheaver GT, Thacker JG. Considerations in the choice of sutures for wound closure of the genitourinary tract. J Urol 1987; 137:373-9. [PMID: 3546730 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)44038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ideal suture for use within the urinary tract should maintain its tensile strength until wound repair is satisfactory and then it should undergo rapid total absorption without promoting stone formation. The bladder has a great potential for repair, attaining 100 per cent of the strength of the unwounded tissue in 14 to 21 days. Braided synthetic absorbable sutures appear to be suited ideally for closure of incised wounds of a urinary conduit. They maintain their tensile strength for approximately 21 days, during which time the healing tissues regain strength rapidly. Because sutures are foreign bodies and have access to urine, they may serve as a nidus for stone formation. Several factors that have been identified as important determinants of foreign body urolithiasis include the presence of urine, urine volume and pH, infection, physical and chemical configuration of the foreign body, and animal species. The incidence of suture urolithiasis is related directly to the duration in which the sutures are present in the urinary tract. Consequently, absorbable sutures are preferred over nonabsorbable sutures for closure of wounds of the urinary conduit. In the absence of infection braided synthetic absorbable sutures have distinct advantages over gut sutures for closure of urinary tract wounds. They are absorbed by nonenzymatic hydrolysis in a predictable manner with limited inflammatory response. In contrast, gut sutures have an unpredictable absorption rate by enzymatic degradation and elicit an exaggerated inflammatory response. Because infected urine, especially Proteus species, accelerates the degradation of absorbable synthetic sutures to a greater degree than gut sutures, wound closure in the presence of infection should be accomplished with the absorbable natural fiber suture. Nonabsorbable sutures or staples should not be used in the urinary tract because they predictably promote urolithiasis.
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Abstract
In multistage carcinogenesis, promotion is a long-term or repeated growth stimulation of initiated cells. Possible effects of regenerative hyperplasia induced by repeated intravesical instillation of 0.3% formalin solution on urinary bladder carcinogenesis were examined using heterotopically transplanted rat urinary bladders (HTBs) initiated by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. The HTB system was chosen because in this system, transient generalized hyperplasia lasting less than a week can be induced readily and repeatedly by intravesical instillation of the formalin solution. No statistically significant tumor enhancement was observed after 15 formalin treatments administered in 30 weeks. It appears that regenerative cytotoxic stimuli, even multiple, may have no significant tumor-promoting activity. Discussed is the possibility that mild and, more importantly, persistent non-cytotoxic stimuli may be more effective as tumor promoters.
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Homma Y, Oyasu R. Transient and persistent hyperplasia in heterotopically transplanted rat urinary bladders induced by formalin and foreign bodies. J Urol 1986; 136:136-40. [PMID: 3712600 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)44758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of formalin instillation or teflon bead insertion on heterotopically transplanted rat urinary bladders (HTBs) were investigated. A single instillation of 0.3 per cent formalin dissolved in 0.9 per cent NaCl into HTBs induced multifocal superficial ulcers which were quickly repaired by lateral spreading of regenerating cells migrating from the adjacent mucosa. This was associated with a sharp increase in labeling index (10-30 per cent) on days 1 and 2, followed by focal mild (up to five cell layers) simple hyperplasia (SH) on days 4 and 7. Repeated weekly instillation of formalin for 30 weeks induced only focal mild epithelial hyperplasia. Six weekly instillations of urine one day after formalin administration slightly enhanced the formalin-induced rise in labeling index. Insertion of teflon beads caused extensive diffuse remarkable changes, especially in the presence of urine: multifocal to diffuse SH (four to eight cell layers) and multifocal papillary or nodular hyperplasia was observed by six weeks. The results indicate that responses to formalin instillation are acute and transient, while reactions to bead insertion are persistent. In both cases, presence of urine appeared to enhance hyperplastic changes. These models of bladder injury, by inducing two different types of reactions in the bladder, may be useful in examining the role of trauma in bladder carcinogenesis.
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Oyasu R, Iwasaki T, Ozono S. Diffuse papillomatosis of rat urinary bladder occurring in association with vesical calculi. J Urol 1984; 132:1012-5. [PMID: 6492269 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)49989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Repeated intravesical administrations of 0.9 per cent NaCl solution with or without bladder carcinogen N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine resulted in a high incidence of calculus formation in the urinary bladder. In all such cases, diffuse papillomatosis of the bladder urothelium was observed. "Invasion" of the tunica muscularis and the tunica adventitia by tumor was demonstrated as early as week 9 of the experiment. Morphologically, the lesions could not be distinguished from the bladder tumors induced by an orally administered carcinogen. Evidence was presented to conclude that they represent neoplasms of low malignant potential. The results indicate that bladder tumors may develop in the absence of known exposure to carcinogen provided the urothelium is chronically stimulated. Tumors solely attributable to N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine treatment did not occur.
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R�bben H, Hautmann R, Dahm HH. Bladder tumor induction by cytotoxic agents clinical experience and experimental data. World J Urol 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00326751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Vesely DL, Levey GS. Saccharin inhibits guanylate cyclase activity: possible relationship to carcinogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1978; 81:1384-9. [PMID: 27185 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(78)91289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Abstract
Experimental and clinical aspects of calculogenesis about foreign bodies are reviewed. Factors such as infections, urine dilution, urinary pH, and suture materials are discussed from an investigative point of view. The various kinds of clinical foreign body stones reported are categorized according to the manner of introduction into the urinary tract and anatomic locations.
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Campobasso O, Pecora M, Palestro G, Cozzani C. Induction of Bladder Tumours in the Mouse by Direct Implantation of 20-Methylcholanthrene. TUMORI JOURNAL 1975; 61:17-28. [PMID: 1226570 DOI: 10.1177/030089167506100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plain paraffin wax pellets and pellets containing 1 % and 5 % 20-MCA were implanted in the bladder of 219 C57×IF and Swiss mice of both sexes. One hundred and fifty four survived and were killed after 40-42 weeks; 56 had been implanted with plain pellet and 98 with pellet containing the carcinogen. Only one bladder tumour (1,8 %) developed in the former, whereas 35 tumours (35.7 %) were found in the latter group. When a pellet containing 20-MCA was used, the tumour incidence was related to the strain and sex of the animals, rather than to the amount of carcinogen in the pellet. As a matter of fact, irrespective of the concentration of 20-MCA, females C57×IF gave a significantly higher tumour yield (87.5 %) than males and Swiss mice of both sexes. It is concluded that when bladder implantation is used to induce tumours in mice, the results must be strictly referred to strain and sex. Besides tumours, areas of marked epithelial hyperplasia were seen in bladders implanted with either plain pellet or pellet containing 20-MCA. The possible meaning of this hyperplasia is briefly discussed and the need for further investigation stressed.
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The relationship between urinary infection, cystoscopic appearance, and pathology of the bladder in man: II Squamous change in the bladder epithelium. J Clin Pathol 1974; 27:303-7. [PMID: 16811084 PMCID: PMC478108 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.27.4.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of squamous change in the bladder epithelium was studied in bladder biopsies from patients with recurrent urinary infections or symptoms of cystitis and comparisons were made with sections taken at necropsy from control subjects. Two types of squamous change, termed ;vaginal' and ;cornified', are described. Vaginal change was frequent in females, and seemed to be a normal finding in them, but was not observed in males. It did not seem to be caused by urinary infection. Cornified change was also common in females and was found in one (infected) man. Like vaginal change it was most often found in sections from the trigone. Urinary infection may predispose to its formation but we were unable to prove this. Squamous change did not seem to cause symptoms, and could not usually be recognized at cystoscopy. The varieties described are so common that they are unlikely to be markedly precarcinomatous.
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Okajima E, Hiramatsu T, Motomiya Y, Kondo T, Hirao Y. Effects of foreign bodies on development of urinary bladder tumors in rats treated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine. UROLOGICAL RESEARCH 1973; 1:177-81. [PMID: 4789027 DOI: 10.1007/bf00256620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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28
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Rudin L, Tannenbaum M, Lattimer JK. Histologic analysis of the exstrophied bladder after anatomical closure. J Urol 1972; 108:802-7. [PMID: 5081723 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)60874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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30
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Hicks RM. Early changes in the fine structure of rat-bladder epithelium induced by 4-ethylsulphonylnaphthalene-1-sulphonamide. Chem Biol Interact 1969; 1:49-71. [PMID: 5407055 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(69)90018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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31
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Clayson DB, Pringle JA, Bonser GM, Wood M. The technique of bladder implantation: further results and an assessment. Br J Cancer 1968; 22:825-32. [PMID: 5705145 PMCID: PMC2008360 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1968.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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32
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Blake J. Proliferative changes in bladder mucosa and carcinoma in situ. BRITISH JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 1967; 39:181-5. [PMID: 6025395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1967.tb09796.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Sorrentino F, Romano C. Il Nostro Contributo Alla Biochimica Della Cancerogenesi Vescicale. Urologia 1966. [DOI: 10.1177/039156036603318s01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sorrentino
- (Divisione urologica dell'Ospedale A. Cardarelli e Cattedra di Urologia dell'Università di Napoli - Direttore: prof. Michelangelo Sorrentino)
| | - Clemente Romano
- (Divisione urologica dell'Ospedale A. Cardarelli e Cattedra di Urologia dell'Università di Napoli - Direttore: prof. Michelangelo Sorrentino)
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Abstract
The fine structure of the transitional epithelium of rat ureter has been studied in thin sections with the electron microscope, including some stained cytochemically to show nucleoside triphosphatase activity. The epithelium is three to four cells deep with cuboidal or columnar basal cells, intermediate cells, and superficial squamous cells. The basal cells are attached by half desmosomes, or attachment plates, on their basal membranes to a basement membrane which separates the epithelium from the lamina propria. Fine extracellular fibres, ca. 100 A in diameter, are to be found in the connective tissue layer immediately below the basement membrane of this epithelium. The plasma membranes of the basal and intermediate cells and the lateral and basal membranes of the squamous cells are deeply interdigitated, and nucleoside triphosphatase activity is associated with them. All the cells have a dense feltwork of tonofilaments which ramify throughout the cytoplasm. The existence of junctional complexes, comprising a zonula occludens, zonula adhaerens, and macula adhaerens or desmosome, between the lateral borders of the squamous cells is reported. It is suggested that this complex is the major obstacle to the free flow of water from the extracellular spaces into the hypertonic urine. The free luminal surface of the squamous cells and many cytoplasmic vesicles in these cells are bounded by an unusually thick plasma membrane. The three leaflets of this unit membrane are asymmetric, with the outer one about twice as thick as the innermost one. The vesicles and the plasma membrane maintain angular conformations which suggest the membrane to be unusually rigid. No nucleoside triphosphatase activity is associated with this membrane. Arguments are presented to support a suggestion that this thick plasma membrane is the morphological site of a passive permeability barrier to water flow across the cells, and that keratin may be included in the membrane structure. The possible origin of the thick plasma membrane in the Golgi complex is discussed. Bodies with heterogeneous contents, including characteristic hexagonally packed stacks of thick membranes, are described. It is suggested that these are "disposal units" for old or surplus thick membrane. A cell type is described, which forms only 0.1 to 0.5 per cent of the total cell population and contains bundles of tubular fibres or crystallites. Their origin and function are not known.
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BOYLAND E, BUSBY ER, DUKES CE, GROVER PL, MANSON D. FURTHER EXPERIMENTS ON IMPLANTATION OF MATERIALS INTO THE URINARY BLADDER OF MICE. Br J Cancer 1964; 13:575-81. [PMID: 14219552 PMCID: PMC2071086 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1964.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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