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Kabir F, Atkinson R, Cook AL, Phipps AJ, King AE. The role of altered protein acetylation in neurodegenerative disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1025473. [PMID: 36688174 PMCID: PMC9845957 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1025473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylation is a key post-translational modification (PTM) involved in the regulation of both histone and non-histone proteins. It controls cellular processes such as DNA transcription, RNA modifications, proteostasis, aging, autophagy, regulation of cytoskeletal structures, and metabolism. Acetylation is essential to maintain neuronal plasticity and therefore essential for memory and learning. Homeostasis of acetylation is maintained through the activities of histone acetyltransferases (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, with alterations to these tightly regulated processes reported in several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Both hyperacetylation and hypoacetylation can impair neuronal physiological homeostasis and increase the accumulation of pathophysiological proteins such as tau, α-synuclein, and Huntingtin protein implicated in AD, PD, and HD, respectively. Additionally, dysregulation of acetylation is linked to impaired axonal transport, a key pathological mechanism in ALS. This review article will discuss the physiological roles of protein acetylation and examine the current literature that describes altered protein acetylation in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Tulsyan S, Aftab M, Sisodiya S, Khan A, Chikara A, Tanwar P, Hussain S. Molecular basis of epigenetic regulation in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Front Genet 2022; 13:885635. [PMID: 36092905 PMCID: PMC9449878 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.885635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The global cancer cases and mortality rates are increasing and demand efficient biomarkers for accurate screening, detection, diagnosis, and prognosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that variations in epigenetic mechanisms like aberrant promoter methylation, altered histone modification and mutations in ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling complexes play an important role in the development of carcinogenic events. However, the influence of other epigenetic alterations in various cancers was confirmed with evolving research and the emergence of high throughput technologies. Therefore, alterations in epigenetic marks may have clinical utility as potential biomarkers for early cancer detection and diagnosis. In this review, an outline of the key epigenetic mechanism(s), and their deregulation in cancer etiology have been discussed to decipher the future prospects in cancer therapeutics including precision medicine. Also, this review attempts to highlight the gaps in epigenetic drug development with emphasis on integrative analysis of epigenetic biomarkers to establish minimally non-invasive biomarkers with clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Tulsyan
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics (Molecular Biology Group), ICMR- National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Mehreen Aftab
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics (Molecular Biology Group), ICMR- National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Sandeep Sisodiya
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics (Molecular Biology Group), ICMR- National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Asiya Khan
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Chikara
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics (Molecular Biology Group), ICMR- National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Showket Hussain, ; Pranay Tanwar,
| | - Showket Hussain
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics (Molecular Biology Group), ICMR- National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
- *Correspondence: Showket Hussain, ; Pranay Tanwar,
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Yusuf AP, Abubakar MB, Malami I, Ibrahim KG, Abubakar B, Bello MB, Qusty N, Elazab ST, Imam MU, Alexiou A, Batiha GES. Zinc Metalloproteins in Epigenetics and Their Crosstalk. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11030186. [PMID: 33652690 PMCID: PMC7996840 DOI: 10.3390/life11030186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half a century ago, zinc was established as an essential micronutrient for normal human physiology. In silico data suggest that about 10% of the human proteome potentially binds zinc. Many proteins with zinc-binding domains (ZBDs) are involved in epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, which regulate transcription in physiological and pathological conditions. Zinc metalloproteins in epigenetics are mainly zinc metalloenzymes and zinc finger proteins (ZFPs), which are classified into writers, erasers, readers, editors, and feeders. Altogether, these classes of proteins engage in crosstalk that fundamentally maintains the epigenome's modus operandi. Changes in the expression or function of these proteins induced by zinc deficiency or loss of function mutations in their ZBDs may lead to aberrant epigenetic reprogramming, which may worsen the risk of non-communicable chronic diseases. This review attempts to address zinc's role and its proteins in natural epigenetic programming and artificial reprogramming and briefly discusses how the ZBDs in these proteins interact with the chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Pharmacy Yusuf
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; (A.P.Y.); (I.M.); (K.G.I.); (B.A.); (M.U.I.)
| | - Murtala Bello Abubakar
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; (A.P.Y.); (I.M.); (K.G.I.); (B.A.); (M.U.I.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria
- Correspondence: (M.B.A.); (A.A.); (G.E.-S.B.)
| | - Ibrahim Malami
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; (A.P.Y.); (I.M.); (K.G.I.); (B.A.); (M.U.I.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Kasimu Ghandi Ibrahim
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; (A.P.Y.); (I.M.); (K.G.I.); (B.A.); (M.U.I.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Bilyaminu Abubakar
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; (A.P.Y.); (I.M.); (K.G.I.); (B.A.); (M.U.I.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Bashir Bello
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; (A.P.Y.); (I.M.); (K.G.I.); (B.A.); (M.U.I.)
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Naeem Qusty
- Medical Laboratories Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sara T. Elazab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia 35516, Egypt;
| | - Mustapha Umar Imam
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; (A.P.Y.); (I.M.); (K.G.I.); (B.A.); (M.U.I.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
- AFNP Med, Haidingergasse 29, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (M.B.A.); (A.A.); (G.E.-S.B.)
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira 22511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.B.A.); (A.A.); (G.E.-S.B.)
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4
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Li L, Zhu H, Li X, Ke Y, Yang S, Cheng Q. Long non-coding RNA HAGLROS facilitates the malignant phenotypes of NSCLC cells via repressing miR-100 and up-regulating SMARCA5. Biomed J 2020; 44:S305-S315. [PMID: 35307327 PMCID: PMC9068548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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5
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Wu D, Qiu Y, Jiao Y, Qiu Z, Liu D. Small Molecules Targeting HATs, HDACs, and BRDs in Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:560487. [PMID: 33262941 PMCID: PMC7686570 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.560487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence for research over the past decade shows that epigenetic regulation mechanisms run through the development and prognosis of tumors. Therefore, small molecular compounds targeting epigenetic regulation have become a research hotspot in the development of cancer therapeutic drugs. According to the obvious abnormality of histone acetylation when tumors occur, it suggests that histone acetylation modification plays an important role in the process of tumorigenesis. Currently, as a new potential anti-cancer therapeutic drugs, many active small molecules that target histone acetylation regulatory enzymes or proteins such as histone deacetylases (HDACs), histone acetyltransferase (HATs) and bromodomains (BRDs) have been developed to restore abnormal histone acetylation levels to normal. In this review, we will focus on summarizing the changes of histone acetylation levels during tumorigenesis, as well as the possible pharmacological mechanisms of small molecules that target histone acetylation in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglu Wu
- School of Clinical Medical, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yunshuang Jiao
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhidong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Da Liu
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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6
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Peng LX, Wang MD, Xie P, Yang JP, Sun R, Zheng LS, Mei Y, Meng DF, Peng XS, Lang YH, Qiang YY, Li CZ, Xu L, Liu ZJ, Guo LL, Xie DH, Shu DT, Lin ST, Luo FF, Huang BJ, Qian CN. LACTB promotes metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma via activation of ERBB3/EGFR-ERK signaling resulting in unfavorable patient survival. Cancer Lett 2020; 498:165-177. [PMID: 33152401 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) originates in the nasopharyngeal epithelium and has the highest metastatic rate among head and neck cancers. Distant metastasis is the main reason for treatment failure with the underlying mechanisms remaining unclear. By comparing the expression profiling of NPCs versus non-cancerous nasopharyngeal tissues, we found LACTB was highly expressed in the tumor tissues. We found that elevated expression of the LACTB protein in primary NPCs correlated with poorer patient survival. LACTB is known to be a serine protease and a ubiquitous mitochondrial protein localized in the intermembrane space. Its role in tumor biology remains controversial. We found that the different methylation pattern of LACTB promoter led to its differential expression in NPC cells. Overexpressing LACTB in NPC cells promoted their motility in vitro and metastasis in vivo. While knocking down LACTB reduced the metastasis capability of NPC cells. However, LACTB did not influence cellular proliferation. We further found the role of LACTB in promoting NPC metastasis depended on the activation of ERBB3/EGFR-ERK signaling, which in turn, affected the stability and the following acetylation of histone H3. These findings may shed light on unveiling the mechanisms of NPC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ming-Dian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiang an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jun-Ping Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Rui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Li-Sheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yan Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Dong-Fang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xing-Si Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yan-Hong Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qiang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory for Cerebrocranical Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, China
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ling-Ling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - De-Huan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Di-Tian Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Si-Ting Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Fei-Fei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Bi-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Advances of circular RNAs in carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:59-71. [PMID: 30077838 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNAs with single-stranded closed structure. The rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology has allowed for the widespread presence of circRNAs in transcriptomes. Moreover, increasing studies have identified a correlation between circRNAs and different cancers. In addition, most circRNAs are dysregulated in various cancers, and some of them have been reported be vital in the occurrence and development of tumors. For example, ciRS-7 plays a role in tumor promotion and circ-ITCH acts as a tumor suppressor. This review summarizes the latest progressions in the field regarding the functions of circRNAs in relation with cancers, and anticipates the emerging roles of circRNAs and future challenges in cancer research.
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Yu J, Xu QG, Wang ZG, Yang Y, Zhang L, Ma JZ, Sun SH, Yang F, Zhou WP. Circular RNA cSMARCA5 inhibits growth and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2018; 68:1214-1227. [PMID: 29378234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In recent years, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to have critical regulatory roles in cancer biology. However, the contributions of circRNAs to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain largely unknown. METHODS cSMARCA5 (a circRNA derived from exons 15 and 16 of the SMARCA5 gene, hsa_circ_0001445) was identified by RNA-sequencing and validated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The role of cSMARCA5 in HCC progression was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. circRNAs in vivo precipitation, luciferase reporter assay, biotin-coupled microRNA capture and fluorescence in situ hybridization were conducted to evaluate the interaction between cSMARCA5 and miR-17-3p/miR-181b-5p. RESULTS The expression of cSMARCA5 was lower in HCC tissues, because of the regulation of DExH-Box Helicase 9, an abundant nuclear RNA helicase. The downregulation of cSMARCA5 in HCC was significantly correlated with aggressive characteristics and served as an independent risk factor for overall survival and recurrence-free survival in patients with HCC after hepatectomy. Our in vivo and in vitro data indicated that cSMARCA5 inhibits the proliferation and migration of HCC cells. Mechanistically, we found that cSMARCA5 could promote the expression of TIMP3, a well-known tumor suppressor, by sponging miR-17-3p and miR-181b-5p. CONCLUSION These results reveal an important role of cSMARCA5 in the growth and metastasis of HCC and provide a fresh perspective on circRNAs in HCC progression. LAY SUMMARY Herein, we studied the role of cSMARCA5, a circular RNA, in hepatocellular carcinoma. Our in vitro and in vivo data showed that cSMARCA5 inhibits the growth and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, making it a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Guo Xu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Guang Wang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Zhao Ma
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Han Sun
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Yang
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei-Ping Zhou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Pathological lesions and global DNA methylation in rat prostate under streptozotocin-induced diabetes and melatonin supplementation. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:470-487. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Damodaran S, Damaschke N, Gawdzik J, Yang B, Shi C, Allen GO, Huang W, Denu J, Jarrard D. Dysregulation of Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) and histone H3K18 acetylation pathways associates with adverse prostate cancer outcomes. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:874. [PMID: 29262808 PMCID: PMC5738829 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histones undergo extensive post-translational modifications and this epigenetic regulation plays an important role in modulating transcriptional programs capable of driving cancer progression. Acetylation of histone H3K18, associated with gene activation, is enhanced by P300 and opposed by the deacetylase Sirtuin2 (SIRT2). As these enzymes represent an important target for cancer therapy, we sought to determine whether the underlying genes are altered during prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Methods Tissue microarrays generated from 71 radical prostatectomy patients were initially immunostained for H3K18Ac, P300 and SIRT2. Protein levels were quantified using VECTRA automation and correlated with clinicopathologic parameters. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TGCA, n = 499) and Gene Expression Omnibus (n = 504) databases were queried for expression, genomic and clinical data. Statistics were performed using SPSSv23. Results Nuclear histone H3K18Ac staining increases in primary cancer (p = 0.05) and further in metastases (p < 0.01) compared to benign on tissue arrays. P300 protein expression increases in cancer (p = 0.04) and metastases (p < 0.001). A progressive decrease in nuclear SIRT2 staining occurs comparing benign to cancer or metastases (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03 respectively). Decreased SIRT2 correlates with higher grade cancer (p = 0.02). Time to Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) recurrence is shorter in patients exhibiting high compared to low H3K18Ac expression (350 vs. 1542 days respectively, P = 0.03). In GEO, SIRT2 mRNA levels are lower in primary and metastatic tumors (p = 0.01 and 0.001, respectively). TGCA analysis demonstrates SIRT2 deletion in 6% and increasing clinical stage, positive margins and lower PSA recurrence-free survival in patients with SIRT2 loss/deletion (p = 0.01, 0.04 and 0.04 respectively). In this dataset, a correlation between decreasing SIRT2 and increasing P300 mRNA expression occurs in tumor samples (R = −0.46). Conclusions In multiple datasets, decreases in SIRT2 expression portend worse clinicopathologic outcomes. Alterations in SIRT2-H3K18Ac suggest altered P300 activity and identify a subset of tumors that could benefit from histone deacetylation inhibition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3853-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivashankar Damodaran
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Nathan Damaschke
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Joseph Gawdzik
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Cedric Shi
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Glenn O Allen
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - John Denu
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and the Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - David Jarrard
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA. .,Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA. .,Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,John P. Livesey Chair in Urologic Oncology, Associate Director Translational Research, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 7037 WIMR, 1111, Highland, Avenue Madison WI, 53705, USA.
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Yu C, Yao X, Zhao L, Wang P, Zhang Q, Zhao C, Yao S, Wei Y. Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome Candidate 1 (whsc1) Functions as a Tumor Suppressor by Governing Cell Differentiation. Neoplasia 2017; 19:606-616. [PMID: 28654864 PMCID: PMC5487304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 (WHSC1) is a histone 3 lysine 36 (H3K36) specific methyltransferase that is frequently deleted in Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS). Whsc1 is also found mutated in a subgroup of B-cell derived malignant diseases by genomic translocation or point mutation, both of which resulted in hyperactivity of WHSC1 mediated H3K36 methylation and uncontrolled cell proliferation, suggesting that whsc1 functions as an oncogene. However, here we provided evidences to show that whsc1 also has tumor suppressor functions. We used zebrafish as an in vivo model and generated homozygous whsc1 mutant lines via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology. Then western-blot (WB) and immunofluorescence (IF) were performed to analysis the expression level of H3K36Me2 and H3K36Me3, and we identified the diseased tissue via hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining, IF staining or immunohistochemistry (IHC). Whsc1 lose-of-function led to significant decrease in di- and tri-methylation of H3K36. A series of WHS related phenotypes were found in whsc1−/− zebrafish, including growth retardation, neural development defects and heart failure. In addition, loss of function of whsc1 led to defects in the development of swim bladder, possibly through the dis-regulation of key genes in swim bladder organogenesis and inhibition of progenitor cell differentiation, which was correlated with its expression in this organ during embryonic development. At later stage, these whsc1−/− zebrafishes are inclined to grow tumors in the swim bladder. Our work suggested that whsc1 may function as a tumor suppressor by governing progenitor cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengjian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Judes G, Dagdemir A, Karsli-Ceppioglu S, Lebert A, Echegut M, Ngollo M, Bignon YJ, Penault-Llorca F, Bernard-Gallon D. H3K4 acetylation, H3K9 acetylation and H3K27 methylation in breast tumor molecular subtypes. Epigenomics 2016; 8:909-24. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Here, we investigated how the St Gallen breast molecular subtypes displayed distinct histone H3 profiles. Patients & methods: 192 breast tumors divided into five St Gallen molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B HER2-, luminal B HER2+, HER2+ and basal-like) were evaluated for their histone H3 modifications on gene promoters. Results: ANOVA analysis allowed to identify specific H3 signatures according to three groups of genes: hormonal receptor genes (ERS1, ERS2, PGR), genes modifying histones (EZH2, P300, SRC3) and tumor suppressor gene (BRCA1). A similar profile inside high-risk cancers (luminal B [HER2+], HER2+ and basal-like) compared with low-risk cancers including luminal A and luminal B (HER2-) were demonstrated. Conclusion: The H3 modifications might contribute to clarify the differences between breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Judes
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- EA 4677 ‘ERTICA’, University of Auvergne, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aslihan Dagdemir
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- EA 4677 ‘ERTICA’, University of Auvergne, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Seher Karsli-Ceppioglu
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- EA 4677 ‘ERTICA’, University of Auvergne, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - André Lebert
- University Blaise Pascal, Pascal Institute UMR 6602 CNRS/UBP, 63177 Aubière, France
| | - Maureen Echegut
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marjolaine Ngollo
- EA 4677 ‘ERTICA’, University of Auvergne, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- EA 4677 ‘ERTICA’, University of Auvergne, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- EA 4677 ‘ERTICA’, University of Auvergne, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Bernard-Gallon
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- EA 4677 ‘ERTICA’, University of Auvergne, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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13
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Wang Y, Qin J, Liu Q, Hong X, Li T, Zhu Y, He L, Zheng B, Li M. SNF2H promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1329-1336. [PMID: 27446433 PMCID: PMC4950594 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and has an extremely poor prognosis. Surgical resection is always inapplicable to HCC patients diagnosed at an advanced tumor stage. The mechanisms underlying HCC cell proliferation remain obscure. In the present study, SWItch/sucrose nonfermentable catalytic subunit SNF2 (SNF2H) expression was tested in HCC tissues and Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation upon overexpression of SNF2H or knockdown of SNF2H expression was investigated in cultured HCC cells. It was demonstrated that SNF2H is a vital factor for HCC growth. The SNF2H expression level is increased in HCC tissues compared with paratumoral liver tissues. SNF2H promotes HCC cell proliferation and colony formation ability in vitro. SNF2H may increase the protein level of β-catenin and enhance its nuclear accumulation in HCC cells, thereby leading to the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In conclusion, the present results indicate that SNF2H plays a vital role in HCC cell growth, suggesting that SNF2H may be a promising therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Juanxiu Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Xufen Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Tianming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yuanjun Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Bing Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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14
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Henry RA, Singh T, Kuo YM, Biester A, O'Keefe A, Lee S, Andrews AJ, O'Reilly AM. Quantitative Measurement of Histone Tail Acetylation Reveals Stage-Specific Regulation and Response to Environmental Changes during Drosophila Development. Biochemistry 2016; 55:1663-72. [PMID: 26836402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Histone modification plays a major role in regulating gene transcription and ensuring the healthy development of an organism. Numerous studies have suggested that histones are dynamically modified during developmental events to control gene expression levels in a temporal and spatial manner. However, the study of histone acetylation dynamics using currently available techniques is hindered by the difficulty of simultaneously measuring acetylation of the numerous potential sites of modification present in histones. Here, we present a methodology that allows us to combine mass spectrometry-based histone analysis with Drosophila developmental genetics. Using this system, we characterized histone acetylation patterns during multiple developmental stages of the fly. Additionally, we utilized this analysis to characterize how treatments with pharmacological agents or environmental changes such as γ-irradiation altered histone acetylation patterns. Strikingly, γ-irradiation dramatically increased the level of acetylation at H3K18, a site linked to DNA repair via nonhomologous end joining. In mutant fly strains deficient in DNA repair proteins, however, this increase in the level of H3K18 acetylation was lost. These results demonstrate the efficacy of our combined mass spectrometry system with a Drosophila model system and provide interesting insight into the changes in histone acetylation during development, as well as the effects of both pharmacological and environmental agents on global histone acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Henry
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, United States
| | - Tanu Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Yin-Ming Kuo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, United States
| | - Alison Biester
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, United States
| | - Abigail O'Keefe
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, United States
| | - Sandy Lee
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, United States
| | - Andrew J Andrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, United States
| | - Alana M O'Reilly
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, United States
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15
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Khan SA, Reddy D, Gupta S. Global histone post-translational modifications and cancer: Biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment? World J Biol Chem 2015; 6:333-345. [PMID: 26629316 PMCID: PMC4657128 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v6.i4.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Global alterations in epigenetic landscape are now recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning and non-coding RNAs are proven to have strong association with cancer. In particular, covalent post-translational modifications of histone proteins are known to play an important role in chromatin remodeling and thereby in regulation of gene expression. Further, histone modifications have also been associated with different aspects of carcinogenesis and have been studied for their role in the better management of cancer patients. In this review, we will explore and discuss how histone modifications are involved in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
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16
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Yao S, He Z, Chen C. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing of Epigenetic Factors for Cancer Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26:463-71. [PMID: 26075804 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyao He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
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17
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Keelawat S, Thorner PS, Shuangshoti S, Bychkov A, Kitkumthorn N, Rattanatanyong P, Boonyayothin W, Poumsuk U, Ruangvejvorachai P, Mutirangura A. Detection of global hypermethylation in well-differentiated thyroid neoplasms by immunohistochemical (5-methylcytidine) analysis. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:725-32. [PMID: 25740063 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE While global hypomethylation of DNA has been found in several malignancies, studies on thyroid tumours have shown controversial results using different techniques. To help resolve this issue, we assessed methylation status using two different techniques in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) and follicular adenomas (FA) and carcinomas (FTC), comparing adjacent non-neoplastic thyroid tissue. METHODS A series of 15 FA, 18 FTC and 17 PTC were assessed by: (1) measurement of methylation levels of long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1) using a combined bisulfite restriction analysis polymerase chain reaction protocol and (2) immunostaining with an anti-5-methylcytidine antibody that detects methylated DNA regardless of the DNA sequence. Immunostaining was scored by image analysis. RESULTS Methylation levels of LINE-1 in FA, FTC and PTC were not significantly different from adjacent normal tissue. There was no significant difference in methylation levels of LINE-1 between FA, FTC and PTC (p = 0.44). By immunohistochemical staining for methylation, the 5-methylcytidine score was significantly higher in tumours than in normal tissue counterparts, for FA (p < 0.001), FTC (p = 0.04) and PTC (p = 0.02). PTC showed the highest 5-methylcytidine expression amongst all tumours which was significantly different from FTC (p = 0.015), but not FA (p = 0.09). There was no correlation in methylation level between LINE-1 and 5-methylcytidine scores for each group and overall. CONCLUSIONS Well-differentiated thyroid neoplasms (FA, FTC and PTC) were not found by two independent methods to undergo global hypomethylation as part of an oncogenic sequence from normal tissue to carcinoma. Instead, hypermethylation was detected in all types of tumours, implying that this epigenetic event may contribute to oncogenic development of thyroid neoplasms (both benign and malignant).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Keelawat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - P S Thorner
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Division of Pathology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Shuangshoti
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - A Bychkov
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - N Kitkumthorn
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Rattanatanyong
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - W Boonyayothin
- Department of Pathology, Chonburi Hospital, 69 Moo 2, Tambon Baan Seaun, Ampur Mueung, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - U Poumsuk
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - P Ruangvejvorachai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - A Mutirangura
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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18
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Narayan PJ, Kim SL, Lill C, Feng S, Faull RLM, Curtis MA, Dragunow M. Assessing fibrinogen extravasation into Alzheimer's disease brain using high-content screening of brain tissue microarrays. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 247:41-9. [PMID: 25813427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue microarrays are commonly used to evaluate disease pathology however methods to automate and quantify pathological changes are limited. NEW METHOD This article demonstrates the utility of the VSlide scanner (MetaSystems) for automated image acquisition from immunolabelled tissue microarray slides, and subsequent automated image analysis with MetaXpress (Molecular Devices) software to obtain objective, efficient and reproducible data from immunolabelled tissue microarray sections. RESULTS Significant increases in fibrinogen immunolabelling were observed in 29 Alzheimer's disease cases compared to 28 control cases analysed from a single tissue microarray slide. Western blot analysis also demonstrated significant increases in fibrinogen immunolabelling in 6 Alzheimer's cases compared to 6 control cases. The observed changes were also validated with gold standard blinded manual H-scoring. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD VSlide Metafer software offers a 'tissue microarray acquisition' plugin for easy mapping of tissue cores with their original position on the tissue microarray map. High resolution VSlide images are compatible with MetaXpress image analysis software. This article details the coupling of these two technologies to accurately and reproducibly analyse immunolabelled tissue microarrays within minutes, compared to the gold standard method of manual counting using H-scores which is significantly slower and prone to inter-observer variation. CONCLUSIONS Here, we couple brain tissue microarray technology with high-content screening and automated image analysis as a powerful way to address bottle necks in data generation and improve throughput, as well as sensitivity to study biological/pathological changes in brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritika J Narayan
- Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; Biomedical Imaging Research Unit, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sue-Ling Kim
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Claire Lill
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sheryl Feng
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maurice A Curtis
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Dragunow
- Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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19
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Savio AJ, Bapat B. Beyond the island: epigenetic biomarkers of colorectal and prostate cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1238:103-24. [PMID: 25421657 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1804-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation is a common feature across all cancer types. Epigenetic mechanisms, from DNA methylation to histone modifications, allow for a vast number of cellular phenotypes to be created from the same genetic material. Just as certain genetic changes play a key role in tumor initiation and progression, epigenetic changes may also set the course of tumor development and be required for malignant transformation. The most frequently studied epigenetic changes investigated thus far are global genomic DNA hypomethylation along with specific hypermethylation, predominantly at promoter CpG islands of tumor suppressor genes. In addition to DNA methylation changes at CpG islands, there is an abundance of other epigenetic alterations occurring within cancer cells including DNA methylation alterations outside of CpG islands, non-CpG methylation, changes in cytosine oxidative species (hydroxymethylcytosine, formylcytosine, carboxylcytosine) levels, and histone modifications. This chapter examines epigenetic alterations beyond the island, and summarizes recent findings in DNA-based epigenetic regulation of the two most commonly diagnosed cancers in the Western world: colorectal cancer and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Savio
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an explosion of epigenetic research on the role of histone variants and modifications in cancer. To understand the global dynamics of chromatin structure and function, analysis of histone variants incorporated into the nucleosome and their covalent modifications, is required. The nucleosome is the fundamental structural unit of chromatin, contains an octamer of core histones H3, H4, H2A, and H2B. The differential alterations in diverse histone variants and their accompanying modifications patterns will provide a deeper insight into their biological role in structural and functional properties of chromatin. Here we provide a step-by-step protocol to investigate these aspects, the histone modifications and variants, their localization and dynamics within specific regions of chromatin under distinct condition and the recruitment/retention of epigenetic regulators at their target sites in chromatin to influence cell growth and differentiation.
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21
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Global DNA hypomethylation in prostate cancer development and progression: a systematic review. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2014; 18:1-12. [PMID: 25384337 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2014.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of global DNA methylation in prostate cancer (PCa) remains largely unknown. Our aim was to summarize evidence on the role of global DNA hypomethylation in PCa development and progression. METHODS We searched PubMed through December 2013 for all studies containing information on global methylation levels in PCa tissue and at least one non-tumor comparison tissue and/or studies reporting association between global methylation levels in PCa tissue and survival, disease recurrence or at least one clinicopathological prognostic factor. We summarized results using non-parametric comparisons and P-value summary methods. RESULTS We included 15 studies in the review: 6 studies with both diagnostic and prognostic information, 5 studies with only diagnostic information and 4 studies with only prognostic information. Quantitative meta-analysis was not possible because of the large heterogeneity in molecular techniques, types of tissues analyzed, aims and study designs. Summary statistical tests showed association of DNA hypomethylation with PCa diagnosis (P<0.006) and prognosis (P<0.001). Restriction to studies assessing 5-methylcytosine or long interspersed nucleotide element-1 revealed results in the same direction. Analyses restricted to specific clinicopathological features showed association with the presence of metastasis and tumor stage in all tests with P<0.03, and no association with Gleason score (all tests P>0.1 except for the weighted Z-test, P=0.05). CONCLUSION DNA hypomethylation was associated with PCa development and progression. However, due to the heterogeneity and small sample sizes of the included studies, along with the possibility of publication bias, this association requires additional assessment.
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22
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Monteiro JB, Colón-Díaz M, García M, Gutierrez S, Colón M, Seto E, Laboy J, Flores I. Endometriosis is characterized by a distinct pattern of histone 3 and histone 4 lysine modifications. Reprod Sci 2013; 21:305-18. [PMID: 23899551 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113497267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The histone modification patterns in endometriosis have not been fully characterized. This gap in knowledge results in a poor understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms (and potential therapeutic targets) at play. We aimed to (1) assess global acetylation status of histone 3 (H3) and histone 4 (H4), (2) measure levels of H3 and H4 lysine (K) acetylation and methylation, and (3) to identify histone acetylation patterns in promoter regions of candidate genes in tissues from patients and controls. METHODS Global and K-specific acetylation/methylation levels of histones were measured in 24 lesions, 15 endometrium from patients, and 26 endometrium from controls. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the histone acetylation status of the promoter regions of candidate genes in tissues. RESULTS The lesions were globally hypoacetylated at H3 (but not H4) compared to eutopic endometrium from controls. Lesions had significantly lower levels of H3K9ac and H4K16ac compared to eutopic endometrium from patients and controls. Tissues from patients were hypermethylated at H3K4, H3K9, and H3K27 compared to endometrium from controls. The ChIP analysis showed hypoacetylation of H3/H4 within promoter regions of candidate genes known to be downregulated in endometriosis (e.g., HOXA10, ESR1, CDH1, and p21 (WAF1/Cip1) ) in lesions versus control endometrium. The stereoidogenic factor 1 (SF1) promoter region was enriched for acetylated H3 and H4 in lesions versus control tissues, correlating with its reported high expression in lesions. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the histone code of lesions and endometrium from patients with endometriosis and provides support for a possible role of histone modification in modulation of gene expression in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice B Monteiro
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ponce, Puerto Rico
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23
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Gann PH, Deaton R, Amatya A, Mohnani M, Rueter EE, Yang Y, Ananthanarayanan V. Development of a nuclear morphometric signature for prostate cancer risk in negative biopsies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69457. [PMID: 23922715 PMCID: PMC3724855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our objective was to develop and validate a multi-feature nuclear score based on image analysis of direct DNA staining, and to test its association with field effects and subsequent detection of prostate cancer (PCa) in benign biopsies. Methods Tissue sections from 39 prostatectomies were Feulgen-stained and digitally scanned (400×), providing maps of DNA content per pixel. PCa and benign epithelial nuclei were randomly selected for measurement of 52 basic morphometric features. Logistic regression models discriminating benign from PCa nuclei, and benign from malignant nuclear populations, were built and cross-validated by AUC analysis. Nuclear populations were randomly collected <1 mm or >5 mm from cancer foci, and from cancer-free prostates, HGPIN, and PCa Gleason grade 3–5. Nuclei also were collected from negative biopsy subjects who had a subsequent diagnosis of PCa and age-matched cancer-free controls (20 pairs). Results A multi-feature nuclear score discriminated cancer from benign cell populations with AUCs of 0.91 and 0.79, respectively, in training and validation sets of patients. In prostatectomy samples, both nuclear- and population-level models revealed cancer-like features in benign nuclei adjacent to PCa, compared to nuclei that were more distant or from PCa-free glands. In negative biopsies, a validated model with 5 variance features yielded significantly higher scores in cases than controls (P = 0.026). Conclusions A multifeature nuclear morphometric score, obtained by automated digital analysis, was validated for discrimination of benign from cancer nuclei. This score demonstrated field effects in benign epithelial nuclei at varying distance from PCa lesions, and was associated with subsequent PCa detection in negative biopsies. Impact This nuclear score shows promise as a risk predictor among men with negative biopsies and as an intermediate biomarker in Phase II chemoprevention trials. The results also suggest that subvisual disturbances in nuclear structure precede the development of pre-neoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Gann
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
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Kumar N, Chornokur G. Molecular Targeted Therapies Using Botanicals for Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (SUNNYVALE, CALIF.) 2012; Suppl 2:005. [PMID: 24527269 PMCID: PMC3920581 DOI: 10.4172/2161-1025.s2-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the large number of botanicals demonstrating promise as potential cancer chemopreventive agents, most have failed to prove effectiveness in clinical trials. Critical requirements for moving botanical agents to recommendation for clinical use include adopting a systematic, molecular-target based approach and utilizing the same ethical and rigorous methods that are used to evaluate other pharmacological agents. Preliminary data on a mechanistic rationale for chemoprevention activity as observed from epidemiological, in vitro and preclinical studies, phase I data of safety in suitable cohorts, duration of intervention based on time to progression of pre-neoplastic disease to cancer and using a valid panel of biomarkers representing the hypothesized carcinogenesis pathway for measuring efficacy must inform the design of clinical trials. Botanicals have been shown to influence multiple biochemical and molecular cascades that inhibit mutagenesis, proliferation, induce apoptosis, suppress the formation and growth of human cancers, thus modulating several hallmarks of carcinogenesis. These agents appear promising in their potential to make a dramatic impact in cancer prevention and treatment, with a significantly superior safety profile than most agents evaluated to date. The goal of this paper is to provide models of translational research based on the current evidence of promising botanicals with a specific focus on targeted therapies for PCa chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagi Kumar
- Department of Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Florida, USA ; University of South Florida College of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Ganna Chornokur
- Department of Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Florida, USA
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25
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Hatzi VI, Terzoudi GI, Pantelias GE, Makropoulos V. Mitochondria malfunctions as mediators of stem-cells' related carcinogenesis: a hypothesis that supports the highly conserved profile of carcinogenesis. Med Hypotheses 2012; 80:70-4. [PMID: 23111201 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer development is an evolutionary process that has been highly conserved among centuries within organisms. Based on this, the interest in cancer research focuses on cells, organelles and genes that possess a genetic conservatism from yeasts to human. Towards this thought, mitochondria, the highly conserved and responsible for the cellular bioenergetic activity organelles, might play crucial role in carcinogenesis. Interestingly, tumors with low bioenergetic signature have worse prognosis and show a decreased expression of ATPase protein. Furthermore, according to the stem-cell theory of carcinogenesis, aggressive tumors are characterized by an increase number of malignant stem-like cell population and their resistance to chemotherapy has been found to be mitochondrially driven. The above considerations triggered us to hypothesize that mitochondrial bioenergetic processes in stem-like cancer cells plays a crucial role in the highly conserved process of carcinogenesis. Specifically, we support that mitochondrial and/or nuclear DNA alterations that control stem cells' ATP production drive stem cells to "immortalization" (Otto Warburg theory) that mediates cancer initiation and progression. Substantiation of our hypothesis requires evidence that: (1) alterations in mitochondria bioenergetic metabolites and enzymes encoded either from the mtDNA or the nuclear DNA are linked to human cancer and (2) mitochondrial functions are regulated by highly conserved genes involved in cancer-related cellular processes such as apoptosis, aging and autophagy. Experimental approach on how this hypothesis might be tested and promising strategies in cancer therapeutics are also discussed. In case the hypothesis of stem-cell bioenergetic malformations' related carcinogenesis proves to be correct, it would contribute to the development of new prognostic, diagnostic and even more effective therapeutic interventions against various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki I Hatzi
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy and Safety, National Centre of Scientific Research (NCSR) "Demokritos", Athens, Greece.
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Marrocco-Tallarigo DL, Centenera MM, Scher HI, Tilley WD, Butler LM. Finding the place of histone deacetylase inhibitors in prostate cancer therapy. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2012; 2:619-30. [PMID: 22112256 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.09.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are showing promise as therapeutic agents for hematological malignancies and solid tumors. In the case of prostate cancer, HDACIs are effective at inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in a range of in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Recent studies have revealed that the actions of HDACIs in prostate cancer cells extend beyond regulation of histone acetylation and affect proteins involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis and tumor progression, including the androgen receptor, p21(WAF1) and VEGF. The broad spectrum of HDACI targets has allowed rational design of combinations with other therapeutic agents to target multiple pathways involved in prostate cancer progression, including angiogenesis and androgen signaling. In particular, synergistic inhibition of prostate cancer cell growth has been demonstrated using HDACIs in combination with radio- and chemo-therapy, Apo2L/TRAIL, angiogenesis inhibitors, heat-shock protein 90 inhibitors and androgen receptor antagonists. This review examines the current understanding of the actions of HDACIs in prostate cancer cells, both in a laboratory and a clinical context and discusses the potential utility of combination strategies for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Marrocco-Tallarigo
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and Hanson Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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27
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Gigek CO, Chen ES, Calcagno DQ, Wisnieski F, Burbano RR, Smith MAC. Epigenetic mechanisms in gastric cancer. Epigenomics 2012; 4:279-94. [PMID: 22690664 DOI: 10.2217/epi.12.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is considered one of the major health issues worldwide, and gastric cancer accounted for 8% of total cases and 10% of total deaths in 2008. Gastric cancer is considered an age-related disease, and the total number of newly diagnosed cases has been increasing as a result of the higher life expectancy. Therefore, the basic mechanisms underlying gastric tumorigenesis is worth investigation. This review provides an overview of the epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling complex and miRNA, involved in gastric cancer. As the studies in gastric cancer continue, the mapping of an epigenome code is not far for this disease. In conclusion, an epigenetic therapy might appear in the not too distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Oliveira Gigek
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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28
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Ye Y, Xiao Y, Wang W, Gao JX, Yearsley K, Yan Q, Barsky SH. Singular v dual inhibition of SNF2L and its isoform, SNF2LT, have similar effects on DNA damage but opposite effects on the DNA damage response, cancer cell growth arrest and apoptosis. Oncotarget 2012; 3:475-89. [PMID: 22577152 PMCID: PMC3380581 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
SNF2L, an ATPase chromatin remodeling gene nearly ubiquitously expressed in diverse tissues, cancers, and derived cell lines, contributes to the chromatin remodeling complex that facilitates transcription. Because of this near ubiquitous expression, it has not been exploited as a cancer therapeutic target. However, in a recent study, we found that highly malignant cancer cells, although expressing SNF2L at similar levels as their normal counterparts, were sensitive to its knockdown. Only the highly malignant (HM) lines showed significant growth inhibition, DNA damage, a DNA damage response, and phosphorylation of checkpoint proteins and marked apoptosis. In studying SNF2L, we discovered a novel truncated isoform, SNF2LT which, when compared to full length SNF2L, lacked three important domains: HAND, SANT and SLIDE. Although truncated isoforms usually have antagonistic functions to their parental molecule, here SNF2LT knockdown had similar effects to the knockdown of its parental molecule, SNF2L, of inducing DNA damage, a DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis selectively in cancer cell lines. However dual SNF2L and SNF2LT knockdown, while inducing DNA damage, did not result in a DNA damage response, a cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In fact HM lines subjected to dual knockdown paradoxically exhibited sustained cell growth. Our findings indicate that the ratio of SNF2L to its isoform tightly regulates the cancer cell's response to DNA damage. Cancer cell lines which endogenously express low levels of both SNF2L and its isoform mimic the situation of dual knockdown and permit DNA damage which is allowed to propagate unchecked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ye
- Department of Pathology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
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Kumar N, Crocker T, Smith T, Connors S, Pow-Sang J, Spiess PE, Egan K, Quinn G, Schell M, Sebti S, Kazi A, Chuang T, Salup R, Helal M, Zagaja G, Trabulsi E, McLarty J, Fazili T, Williams CR, Schreiber F, Anderson K. Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention Targeting Men with High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (HGPIN) and Atypical Small Acinar Proliferation (ASAP): Model for Trial Design and Outcome Measures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 2. [PMID: 24533253 PMCID: PMC3924733 DOI: 10.4172/jctr.1000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the large number of nutrient-derived agents demonstrating promise as potential chemopreventive agents, most have failed to prove effectiveness in clinical trials. Critical requirements for moving nutrient-derived agents to recommendation for clinical use include adopting a systematic, molecular-mechanism based approach and utilizing the same ethical and rigorous methods such as are used to evaluate other pharmacological agents. Preliminary data on a mechanistic rationale for chemoprevention activity as observed from epidemiological, in vitro and preclinical studies, phase I data of safety in suitable cohorts, duration of intervention based on time to progression of preneoplastic disease to cancer and the use of a valid panel of biomarkers representing the hypothesized carcinogenesis pathway for measuring efficacy must inform the design of phase II clinical trials. The goal of this paper is to provide a model for evaluating a well characterized agent- Polyphenon E- in a phase II clinical trial of prostate cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagi Kumar
- Departments of Epidemiology, Health Outcomes and Behavior, Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Florida, USA ; Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa Florida
| | - Theresa Crocker
- Departments of Epidemiology, Health Outcomes and Behavior, Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Tiffany Smith
- Departments of Epidemiology, Health Outcomes and Behavior, Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Shahnjayla Connors
- Departments of Epidemiology, Health Outcomes and Behavior, Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Florida, USA ; Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa Florida
| | - Julio Pow-Sang
- Departments of Epidemiology, Health Outcomes and Behavior, Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Florida, USA ; Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa Florida
| | - Philippe E Spiess
- Departments of Epidemiology, Health Outcomes and Behavior, Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Florida, USA ; Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa Florida
| | - Kathleen Egan
- Departments of Epidemiology, Health Outcomes and Behavior, Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Florida, USA ; Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa Florida
| | - Gwen Quinn
- Departments of Epidemiology, Health Outcomes and Behavior, Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Florida, USA ; Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa Florida
| | - Michael Schell
- Departments of Epidemiology, Health Outcomes and Behavior, Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Florida, USA ; Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa Florida
| | - Said Sebti
- Departments of Epidemiology, Health Outcomes and Behavior, Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Florida, USA ; Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa Florida
| | - Aslam Kazi
- Departments of Epidemiology, Health Outcomes and Behavior, Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Florida, USA ; Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa Florida
| | - Tian Chuang
- Departments of Epidemiology, Health Outcomes and Behavior, Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Florida, USA ; Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa Florida
| | - Raoul Salup
- Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa Florida ; James A. Haley V.A. Hospital, Tampa, FL
| | - Mohamed Helal
- Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa Florida
| | | | | | - Jerry McLarty
- LSUHSC - Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA
| | | | | | - Fred Schreiber
- Watson Clinic - Center for Cancer Care & Research, Lakeland, FL
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Connors SK, Chornokur G, Kumar NB. New insights into the mechanisms of green tea catechins in the chemoprevention of prostate cancer. Nutr Cancer 2011; 64:4-22. [PMID: 22098273 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.630158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second most common cause of cancer deaths in American men. Its long latency, slow progression, and high incidence rate make prostate cancer ideal for targeted chemopreventative therapies. Therefore, chemoprevention studies and clinical trials are essential for reducing the burden of prostate cancer on society. Epidemiological studies suggest that tea consumption has protective effects against a variety of human cancers, including that of the prostate. Laboratory and clinical studies have demonstrated that green tea components, specifically the green tea catechin (GTC) epigallocatechin gallate, can induce apoptosis, suppress progression, and inhibit invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer. Multiple mechanisms are involved in the chemoprevention of prostate cancer with GTCs; understanding and refining models of fundamental molecular pathways by which GTCs modulate prostate carcinogenesis is essential to apply the utilization of green tea for the chemoprevention of prostate cancer in clinical settings. The objective of this article is to review and summarize the most current literature focusing on the major mechanisms of GTC chemopreventative action on prostate cancer from laboratory, in vitro, and in vivo studies, and clinical chemoprevention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnjayla K Connors
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Population Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
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31
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Kumar N, Crocker T, Smith T, Pow-Sang J, Spiess PE, Egan K, Quinn G, Schell M, Sebti S, Kazi A, Chuang T, Salup R, Helal M, Zagaja G, Trabulsi E, McLarty J, Fazili T, Williams CR, Schreiber F, Slaton J, Anderson JK. Challenges and potential solutions to meeting accrual goals in a Phase II chemoprevention trial for prostate cancer. Contemp Clin Trials 2011; 33:279-85. [PMID: 22101219 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this report is to describe the on going strategies, successes, challenges and solutions for recruitment in this multi-center, phase II chemoprevention trial targeting men at high risk for prostate cancer. METHODS We developed and implemented a multi-center clinical trial in institutions with supportive infrastructure, lead by a recruitment team of experienced and committed physicians and clinical trial staff, implementing multi-media and community outreach strategies to meet recruitment goals. Screening logs were reviewed to identify trends as well as patient, protocol and infrastructure -related barriers impacting accrual and revisions to protocol implemented. RESULTS Between January 2008 and February 2011 a total of 3547 individuals were prescreened with 94% (n=3092) determined to be ineligible based on diagnosis of cancer or benign biopsy results. Of these, 216 were considered eligible for further screening with 52% (n=113) declining to participate due to patient related factors and 14% (n=29) eliminated due to protocol-related criteria for exclusion. Ninety-four (94) subjects consented to participate with 34% of these subjects (n=74) meeting all eligibility criteria to be randomized to receive study agent or placebo. Across all sites, 99% of the recruitment of subjects in this clinical trial is via physician recruitment and referral with less than 1% responding to other recruitment strategies. CONCLUSION A contemporary approach to subject recruitment and frequent evaluation is needed to assure responsiveness to emerging challenges to accrual and the evolving scientific literature. A focus on investing on improving systems for physician recruitment may be key to meeting recruitment target in chemoprevention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagi Kumar
- Department of Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute at University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Alkhatib SG, Landry JW. The nucleosome remodeling factor. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:3197-207. [PMID: 21920360 PMCID: PMC4839296 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An essential component of the chromatin remodeling machinery is NURF (Nucleosome Remodeling Factor), the founding member of the ISWI family of chromatin remodeling complexes. In vertebrates and invertebrates alike, NURF has many important functions in chromatin biology including regulating transcription, establishing boundary elements, and promoting higher order chromatin structure. Since NURF is essential to many aspects of chromatin biology, knowledge of its function is required to fully understand how the genome is regulated. This review will summarize what is currently known of its biological functions, conservation in the most prominent model organisms, biochemical functions as a nucleosome remodeling enzyme, and its possible relevance to human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suehyb G. Alkhatib
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Joseph W. Landry
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
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Mazzucchelli R, Scarpelli M, Lopez-Beltran A, Cheng L, Bartels H, Bartels PH, Alberts DS, Montironi R. Global acetylation and methylation changes predict papillary urothelial neoplasia of low malignant potential recurrence: a quantitative analysis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:489-97. [PMID: 21658323 DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillary urothelial neoplasia of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) recurs in approximately 35% of patients. Conventional histopathological assessment does not distinguish non-recurrent from recurrent PUNLMP. The aim of this study is to explore the differences in global histone acetylation and global DNA methylation between non-recurrent and recurrent PUNLMP. Acetylated histone H3 lysine 9 (AcH3K9) and 5-methylcytosine (5MeC) were investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 20 PUNLMP cases (10 non-recurrent and 10 recurrent), in 5 cases of normal urothelium (NU) and in 5 cases of muscle invasive pT2 urothelial carcinoma (UC). The total optical density of the nuclear staining was measured photometrically in at least 40 nuclei separately for the basal, intermediate and luminal positions in each case. Concerning the total optical density values for both acetylation and methylation, a decrease in staining is observed from non-recurrent PUNLMP to recurrent PUNLMP, at all nuclear locations. For acetylation the mean value in non-recurrent PUNLMP, intermediate between NU and UC, is closer to the former than to latter. The mean value in recurrent PUNLMP is closer to UC than to NU. In NU, non-recurrent and recurrent PUNLMP, the acetylation to methylation ratio decreased from the nuclei in basal position to those in the surface, the average for the above groups being 1.491, 1.611 and 1.746, respectively. Setting the observed values for NU at each sampling location to unity, acetylation shows a steady decrease, the percentages of changes in this nuclear location compared to NU being -5% in non-recurrent PUNLMP, -15% in recurrent PUNLMP and -24% in UC. Concerning methylation, there is a slight increase in non-recurrent PUNLMP (+5%), a decrease in recurrent PUNLMP (-19%) followed by a sharp rise for the UC (+61%). In conclusion, there are differences in global histone acetylation and DNA methylation patterns between non-recurrent and recurrent PUNLMP. Further studies are needed to elucidate the complex interplay between chromatin structure, its modifications and recurrence of PUNLMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mazzucchelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
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Yang B, Sun H, Lin W, Hou W, Li H, Zhang L, Li F, Gu Y, Song Y, Li Q, Zhang F. Evaluation of global DNA hypomethylation in human prostate cancer and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm tissues by immunohistochemistry. Urol Oncol 2011; 31:628-34. [PMID: 21704537 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the differences of 5-methylcytosine (5-MC) level between primary prostate cancer tissues (PCTs), prostate cancer-adjacent benign tissues (PCABTs), low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (LGPIN), and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), and further analysis the 5-MC alterations in prostate cancer with pathologic grade and clinical prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry method with a 5-MC monoclonal antibody was used to identify the 5-methylcytosine (5-MC) levels in PCTs, PCABTs, LGPIN, and HGPIN specimens in the present study. Statistical analysis with SPSS software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) was used to compare differences of 5-MC levels in the four groups and evaluate the 5-MC alterations in prostate cancer with pathologic grade and clinical prognosis. RESULTS We found that 38 of 48 (79.1%) patients studied showed a decrease in 5-MC staining of PCTs compared with PCABTs. The difference in the methylation levels for the PCTs and the PCABTs was highly statistically significant (P < 0.001). Spearman correlation showed there was no statistically significant association between the average score of 5-MC staining and Gleason score sum. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patient group with no or weak 5-MC staining compared with group with moderate and strong 5-MC staining was associated with better survival of patients, although there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in predicating prognosis (P = 0.385). The average scores of 5-MC staining for LGPIN, HGPIN, PCABTs, and PCTs groups were 6.91, 1.58, 6.63, and 3.10, respectively. The methylation level of HGPIN group, as well as that of PCTs group, was significantly lower than those of LGPIN (P < 0.001; P < 0.001) and PCABTs groups (P < 0.001; P < 0.001), respectively, with the 5-MC levels of PCABTS group similar to that of LGPIN group (P = 0.476). 5-MC levels of HGPIN group was lower than that PCTs group (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS We found that global DNA methylation was low in most prostate cancer compared with benign regions from the same patient's sections. None of the DNA hypomethylation changes in primary cancers were associated with pathologic grade and clinical prognosis. In addition, immunohistochemistry showed that the global methylation was lower in HGPIN compared with LGPIN and methylcytosine staining in HGPIN was lower than that of PCTs. The results suggest that global DNA hypomethylation might play an important role in the process of prostate cancer initiation rather than progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Shaanxi, 710032, China
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Minardi D, Lucarini G, Filosa A, Zizzi A, Milanese G, Polito M, Polito M, Di Primio R, Montironi R, Muzzonigro G. Do DNA-methylation and histone acetylation play a role in clear cell renal carcinoma? Analysis of radical nephrectomy specimens in a long-term follow-up. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:149-58. [PMID: 21496397 DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated global methylation and histone acetylation in 50 conventional clear cell renal carcinomas (RCC), treated with radical nephrectomy, to assess their possible role as diagnostic biomarkers. The features considered in this study were patient age, tumor size and grade, percentage and intensity of 5-methylcytosine (5mc) and Acetyl-Histone (Lys 9) expression in tumor tissue. All considered parameters were correlated with patient specific survival. The mean percentage of global cellular methylation in tumoral tissue was significantly higher compared to normal peritumoral tissue (p<0.0001), while the intensity of cellular methylation was significantly higher in normal tissue than in tumoral tissue (p=0.001). The mean percentage of histone cellular acetylation in tumoral tissue was significantly lower compared to normal peritumoral tissue (p=0.0005), while the intensity of mean acetylation in neoplastic tissue was similar to the normal tissue. The percentage of global DNA methylation was significantly higher in grades 3 and 4 tumors (p=0.033). Global DNA methylation and histone acetylation in tumoral tissue did not correlate with survival. Fuhrman grade was statistically significant for prognosis (p=0.031). In conclusion, global hypermethylation and histone hypoacetylation play an important role in RCC carcinogenesis; Fuhrman grade is still considered the most important factor for patient survival; 5mc can have a role as markers of aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Minardi
- Department of Clinic and Specialistic Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.
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36
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Ultra-fast processing of gigapixel Tissue MicroArray images using High Performance Computing. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2011; 34:495-507. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-011-0046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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37
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Abstract
Post-translational modification of histones provides an important regulatory platform for processes such as gene expression, DNA replication and repair, chromosome condensation and segregation and apoptosis. Disruption of these processes has been linked to the multistep process of carcinogenesis. We review the aberrant covalent histone modifications observed in cancer, and discuss how these epigenetic changes, caused by alterations in histone-modifying enzymes, can contribute to the development of a variety of human cancers. As a conclusion, a new terminology 'histone onco-modifications' is proposed to describe post-translational modifications of histones, which have been linked to cancer. This new term would take into account the active contribution and importance of these histone modifications in the development and progression of cancer.
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Gigek CO, Lisboa LCF, Leal MF, Silva PNO, Lima EM, Khayat AS, Assumpção PP, Burbano RR, Smith MDAC. SMARCA5 methylation and expression in gastric cancer. Cancer Invest 2011; 29:162-6. [PMID: 21261476 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2010.543365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Here, we first evaluated SMARCA5 expression and promoter DNA methylation in gastric carcinogenesis. Immunohistochemistry and methylation-specific PCR were analyzed in 19 and 48 normal mucosa and in 52 and 92 gastric cancer samples, respectively. We observed higher immunoreactivity of SMARCA5 in gastric cancer samples than in normal mucosa. Moreover, SMARCA5 promoter methylation was associated with the absence of protein expression. Our findings suggest that SMARCA5 has a potential role in proliferation and malignancy in gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Oliveira Gigek
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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39
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Narayan PJ, Dragunow M. High content analysis of histone acetylation in human cells and tissues. J Neurosci Methods 2010; 193:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Bianco-Miotto T, Chiam K, Buchanan G, Jindal S, Day TK, Thomas M, Pickering MA, O'Loughlin MA, Ryan NK, Raymond WA, Horvath LG, Kench JG, Stricker PD, Marshall VR, Sutherland RL, Henshall SM, Gerald WL, Scher HI, Risbridger GP, Clements JA, Butler LM, Tilley WD, Horsfall DJ, Ricciardelli C. Global Levels of Specific Histone Modifications and an Epigenetic Gene Signature Predict Prostate Cancer Progression and Development. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:2611-22. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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41
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Ellinger J, Kahl P, von der Gathen J, Rogenhofer S, Heukamp LC, Gütgemann I, Walter B, Hofstädter F, Büttner R, Müller SC, Bastian PJ, von Ruecker A. Global levels of histone modifications predict prostate cancer recurrence. Prostate 2010; 70:61-9. [PMID: 19739128 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation and histone modifications play important roles in carcinogenesis. It was reported that global histone modification patterns are predictors of cancer recurrence in various tumor entities. Our study was performed to evaluate histone lysine (H(x)K(y)) and histone acetyl (H(x)Ac) modifications in prostate tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS A tissue microarray with 113 prostate cancer (PCA), 23 non-malignant prostate tissues was stained with antibodies against H3K4 mono-(H3K4me1), di-(H3K4me2), tri-(H3K4me3) methylation, H3K9me1, H3K9me2, H3K9me3, H3 and H4 pan-acetylation (H3Ac, H4Ac). We also analyzed H3K4 methylation in patients with advanced PCA (hormone-refractory PCA-HRPC, n = 34; hormone-dependent PCA, n = 30). Sections were scored according the staining intensity and the proportion of epithelial cells showing nuclear staining. RESULTS H3K4me1, H3K9me2, H3K9me3, H3Ac, and H4Ac were significantly reduced in PCA compared to non-malignant prostate tissue. H3Ac and H3K9me2 levels allowed discrimination of PCA and non-malignant prostate tissue highly specifically (>91%) and sensitively (>78%) as determined via ROC analyses (AUC >0.91). Histone lysine methylation and histone acetylation marks were correlated with clinical-pathological parameters (i.e., digital rectal examination, preoperative PSA, pT-stage, lymph node metastasis, Gleason score). In addition, H3K4me1 was a significant predictor of PSA recurrence following radical prostatectomy. H3K4me1, H3K4me2, and H3K4me3 levels were significantly increased in HRPC. CONCLUSIONS Global histone modification levels may help to identify patients with adverse prognosis, and represent a target for the future therapy of PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Ellinger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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42
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Ye Y, Xiao Y, Wang W, Wang Q, Yearsley K, Wani AA, Yan Q, Gao JX, Shetuni BS, Barsky SH. Inhibition of Expression of the Chromatin Remodeling Gene, SNF2L, Selectively Leads to DNA Damage, Growth Inhibition, and Cancer Cell Death. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:1984-99. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Watson JA, Watson CJ, McCrohan AM, Woodfine K, Tosetto M, McDaid J, Gallagher E, Betts D, Baugh J, O'Sullivan J, Murrell A, Watson RWG, McCann A. Generation of an epigenetic signature by chronic hypoxia in prostate cells. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:3594-604. [PMID: 19584087 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing levels of tissue hypoxia have been reported as a natural feature of the aging prostate gland and may be a risk factor for the development of prostate cancer. In this study, we have used PwR-1E benign prostate epithelial cells and an equivalently aged hypoxia-adapted PwR-1E sub-line to identify phenotypic and epigenetic consequences of chronic hypoxia in prostate cells. We have identified a significantly altered cellular phenotype in response to chronic hypoxia as characterized by increased receptor-mediated apoptotic resistance, the induction of cellular senescence, increased invasion and the increased secretion of IL-1 beta, IL6, IL8 and TNFalpha cytokines. In association with these phenotypic changes and the absence of HIF-1 alpha protein expression, we have demonstrated significant increases in global levels of DNA methylation and H3K9 histone acetylation in these cells, concomitant with the increased expression of DNA methyltransferase DMNT3b and gene-specific changes in DNA methylation at key imprinting loci. In conclusion, we have demonstrated a genome-wide adjustment of DNA methylation and histone acetylation under chronic hypoxic conditions in the prostate. These epigenetic signatures may represent an additional mechanism to promote and maintain a hypoxic-adapted cellular phenotype with a potential role in tumour development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny A Watson
- The UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science and The UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Watson JA, McKenna DJ, Maxwell P, Diamond J, Arthur K, McKelvey-Martin VJ, Hamilton PW. Hyperacetylation in prostate cancer induces cell cycle aberrations, chromatin reorganization and altered gene expression profiles. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 14:1668-82. [PMID: 19583812 PMCID: PMC3829029 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation is a fundamental mechanism in the regulation of local chromatin conformation and gene expression. Research has focused on the impact of altered epigenetic environments on the expression of specific genes and their pathways. However, changes in histone acetylation also have a global impact on the cell. In this study we used digital texture analysis to assess global chromatin patterns following treatment with trichostatin A (TSA) and have observed significant alterations in the condensation and distribution of higher-order chromatin, which were associated with altered gene expression profiles in both immortalised normal PNT1A prostate cell line and androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Furthermore, the extent of TSA-induced disruption was both cell cycle and cell line dependent. This was illustrated by the identification of sub-populations of prostate cancer cells expressing high levels of H3K9 acetylation in the G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle that were absent in normal cell populations. In addition, the analysis of enriched populations of G(1) cells showed a global decondensation of chromatin exclusively in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny A Watson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland.
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45
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Suzuki J, Chen YY, Scott GK, Devries S, Chin K, Benz CC, Waldman FM, Hwang ES. Protein acetylation and histone deacetylase expression associated with malignant breast cancer progression. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:3163-71. [PMID: 19383825 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Excess histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity can induce hypoacetylation of histone and nonhistone protein substrates, altering gene expression patterns and cell behavior potentially associated with malignant transformation. However, HDAC expression and protein acetylation have not been studied in the context of breast cancer progression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We assessed expression levels of acetylated histone H4 (ac-H4), ac-H4K12, ac-tubulin, HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC6 in 22 reduction mammoplasties and in 58 specimens with synchronous normal epithelium, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) components. Differences among groups were tested for significance using nonparametric tests. RESULTS From normal epithelium to DCIS, there was a marked reduction in histone acetylation (P < 0.0001). Most cases showed similar levels of acetylation in DCIS and IDC, although some showed further reduction of ac-H4 and ac-H4K12 from DCIS to IDC. Expression of HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC6 was also significantly reduced but by a smaller magnitude. Greater reductions of H4 acetylation and HDAC1 levels were observed from normal to DCIS in estrogen receptor-negative compared with estrogen receptor-positive, and in high-grade compared with non-high-grade tumors. CONCLUSION Overall, there was a global pattern of hypoacetylation associated with progression from normal to DCIS to IDC. These findings suggest that the reversal of this hypoacetylation in DCIS and IDC could be an early measure of HDAC inhibitor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Suzuki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Mohamed M, Greif PA, Diamond J, Sharafeldin O, Maxwell P, Montironi R, O’Brien A, Young M, Hamilton PW. Changes in chromatin phenotype predict the response to hormonal deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer. BJU Int 2009; 103:391-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2008.08063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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Histone modification patterns and epigenetic codes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:863-8. [PMID: 19168116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The eukaryotic DNA is wrapped around histone octamers, which consist of four different histones, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. The N-terminal tail of each histone is post-transcriptionally modified. The modification patterns constitute codes that regulate chromatin organisation and DNA utilization processes, including transcription. Recent progress in technology development has made it possible to perform systematic genome-wide studies of histone modifications. This helps immensely in deciphering the histone codes and their biological influence. In this review, we discuss the histone modification patterns found in genome-wide studies in different biological models and how they influence cell differentiation and carcinogenesis.
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Cho NY, Kim JH, Moon KC, Kang GH. Genomic hypomethylation and CpG island hypermethylation in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm. Virchows Arch 2008; 454:17-23. [PMID: 19048291 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-008-0706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Altered DNA methylation in cancer cells is characterized by focal CpG island hypermethylation and diffuse genomic hypomethylation. Both types of aberrant methylation are frequently found in human prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa). Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm (PIN), a precursor lesion of PCa, has been demonstrated to contain CpG island hypermethylation, but little is known about the role of DNA hypomethylation. We analyzed the methylation status at 12 CpG island loci and at two repetitive DNA elements (LINE-1 and SAT2) from normal prostate (n = 20), PIN (n = 25), and PCa (n = 35) tissues using MethyLight assay or combined bisulfite restriction analysis. The methylation levels in LINE-1 and SAT2 decreased with progression of lesion types from normal prostate to PIN to PCa (P < 0.05), whereas promoter CpG island loci displayed increased methylation. Ten genes were found to be hypermethylated in a cancer-specific manner and were further analyzed in another set of PCa tissues (n = 64). The number of methylated genes was closely associated with TNM stage, Gleason sum, and preoperative serum PSA levels (P = 0.020, 0.073, 0.033, respectively). These results suggest that genomic hypomethylation and CpG island hypermethylation, common among PCas, are early events in prostate carcinogenesis and may be implicated in the development of PIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Yun Cho
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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49
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Eccleston M, Morris G. ValiRx plc. Per Med 2008; 5:441-445. [PMID: 29783450 DOI: 10.2217/17410541.5.5.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ValiRx plc is a therapeutics and diagnostics company developing an integrated approach to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cancer through its two subsidiaries; ValiPharma and ValiBio. Over 95% of cellular DNA is tightly packaged into a complex structure called chromatin, with only 1% available to be read by cell's machinery. ValiRx's two proprietary technology platforms exploit this epigenomic structure. ValiBio is developing low-cost, rapid, high-throughput, noninvasive screening tests for the early detection, differential diagnosis and prognosis of cancer using its patented Hypergenomics™ and Nucleosomics™ technology. Its therapeutics subsidiary, ValiPharma, is developing novel gene-silencing therapeutics based on its GeneICE™ technology platform, which works by repackaging specific open areas of DNA, resulting in targeted gene deactivation. HyperGenomics and GeneICE are synergistic but independent business areas based on the company's core patent portfolio. ValiRx intends to facilitate early, optimal personalized treatment regimes by correlating 'hypersensitive' site profiles within the genome to specific types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Morris
- ValiRx plc, 24 Greville Street, London, EC1N 8SS, UK.
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50
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Minardi D, Lucarini G, Filosa A, Milanese G, Zizzi A, Primio RD, Montironi R, Muzzonigro G. Prognostic role of global DNA-methylation and histone acetylation in pT1a clear cell renal carcinoma in partial nephrectomy specimens. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 13:2115-2121. [PMID: 18752633 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgery is the main treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC); nephron sparing surgery can be performed as a treatment of choice for small peripheral lesions. Epigenetics configures a new entity that regulates gene expression throughout methylation, acetylation and chromatin remodelling. In addition to silencing as a result of mutations, loss of heterozygosity, or classic genetic events, epigenetic modification symbolizes essential events during carcinogenesis and tumour development. We investigated global methylation and histone acetylation expression in a series of small conventional clear cell renal carcinomas (i.e. less than 5 cm) (pT1a) treated with partial nephrectomy, to assess their possible role as diagnostic biomarkers. A total of 54 patients with conventional single RCC were selected and treated with partial nephrectomy; they were followed up to 186 months. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded sections, using anti-5-methylcytosine (5mc) and anti-Acetyl-Histone H3 (Lys 9). Our results confirm that the mean percentage of global cellular methylation in tumoural tissue was significantly higher compared to healthy peritumoural tissue, whereas the mean percentage of histone cellular acetylation in tumoural tissue was significantly lower. The percentage of methylation was significantly higher in grades 3 and 4 (P = 0.033), whereas the percentage of histone acetylation was significantly lower (P = 0.023), suggesting therefore that these markers could correlate with tumour aggressiveness in pT1a RCC. On univariate analysis of patient survival in relation to the different considered factors, Fuhrman grade was the most important survival factor. These epigenetic markers can give us interesting information about chromatin remodelling in RCCs; the percentage of global methylation increases with increasing Fuhrman grade, whereas histone acetylation decreases with increasing grade in small RCC; our results suggest that global hypermethylation and histone hypoacetylation can be assumed to be an early event in RCC and to correlate with tumour aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Minardi
- Institute of Maternal and Children's Sciences-Urology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - G Lucarini
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Innovative Therapies-Histology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Filosa
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - G Milanese
- Institute of Maternal and Children's Sciences-Urology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Zizzi
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Innovative Therapies-Histology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy
| | - R Di Primio
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Innovative Therapies-Histology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy
| | - R Montironi
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - G Muzzonigro
- Institute of Maternal and Children's Sciences-Urology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
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