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Francesconi C, Niebauer J, Haber P, Moser O, Weitgasser R, Lackinger C. [Lifestyle: physical activity and training as prevention and therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus (Update 2023)]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2023; 135:78-83. [PMID: 37101027 PMCID: PMC10133083 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle, in general and particularly regular physical activity, is known to be an important component in the prevention and therapy of type 2 diabetes.To gain substantial health benefits, a minimum of 150 min of moderate or vigorous intense aerobic physical activity and muscle strengthening activities per week should be performed. Additionally, inactivity should be recognized as health hazard and prolonged episodes of sitting should be avoided.Especially exercise is not only efficient in improving glycaemia by lowering insulin resistance and enhance insulin secretion, but to reduce cardiovascular risk. The positive effect of training correlates directly with the amount of fitness gained and lasts only as long as the fitness level is sustained. Exercise training is effective in all age groups and for all genders. It is reversible and reproducible.Standardized, regional and supervised exercise classes are well known to be attractive for adults to reach a sufficient level of health enhancing physical activity. Additionally, based on the large evidence of exercise referral and prescription, the Austrian Diabetes Associations aims to implement the position of a "physical activity adviser" in multi-professional diabetes care. Unfortunately, the implementation of booth-local exercise classes and advisers is missing so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josef Niebauer
- Universitätsinstitut für Präventive und Rehabilitative Sportmedizin, Landeskrankenhaus Salzburg - Universitätsklinikum, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Salzburg, Österreich
| | - Paul Haber
- Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin II, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
| | - Othmar Moser
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsklinik für , Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich.
- Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Deutschland.
| | - Raimund Weitgasser
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin, Privatklinik Wehrle-Diakonissen, Salzburg, Österreich
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Francesconi C, Niebauer J, Haber P, Weitgasser R, Lackinger C. Lebensstil: körperliche Aktivität und Training in der Prävention und Therapie des Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus (Update 2019). Wien Klin Wochenschr 2019; 131:61-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00508-019-1457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Clark JE. The impact of duration on effectiveness of exercise, the implication for periodization of training and goal setting for individuals who are overfat, a meta-analysis. Biol Sport 2017; 33:309-333. [PMID: 28090136 PMCID: PMC5143767 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1212974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the assumption that all methods of exercise, e.g., endurance (ET), resistance (RT), or combination of both (E+R), can induce a beneficial effect size (ES) for changes in body composition and health status of individuals who are overfat. Thus the aim and purpose of this study is to evaluate the current body of knowledge to address the question as to the impact that the duration of exercise has on its relative effectiveness for inducing health and body compositional changes in individuals who are overfat to assist with developing periodized exercise protocols and establishing short and long term goals. A tiered meta-analysis of 92-studies and 200-exercise groupings were used for establishing pooled ES within and between groupings based on the increments of 4-week of duration and study designs of ≤8, 9-16, 17-23, 24-36, and ≥36 weeks. Analysis based on random-effect of response indicates a continuum of effectiveness within and between ET, RT and E+R based on duration. Where beneficial effectiveness is not indicated for any measures until after 8-weeks of continuous training with progressive effectiveness being noted in changes to cardiorespiratory fitness, inflammatory cytokines, and alteration of metabolic status from 12-weeks through 32-weeks of continuous training. Results indicate a greater ES for RT and E+R versus ET early in intervention that equalizes with longer durations. Supporting the use of RT and E+R within a periodized program. And secondarily, goals should be established first on performance gains and second body composition or health status modifications for the individual who is overfat.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Clark
- Division of Mathematics, Science, and Health Careers; Department of Science, Manchester Community College, Manchester, CT, USA
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Francesconi C, Lackinger C, Weitgasser R, Haber P, Niebauer J. [Physical activity and exercise training in the prevention and therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2017; 128 Suppl 2:S141-5. [PMID: 27052239 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-015-0923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lifestyle in general (nutrition, exercise, smoking habits), besides the genetic predisposition, is known to be a strong predictor for the development of diabetes. Exercise in particular is not only useful in improving glycaemia by lowering insulin resistance and positively affect insulin secretion, but to reduce cardiovascular risk.To gain substantial health benefits a minimum of 150 min of moderate or vigorous intense aerobic physical activity and muscle strengthening activities per week are needed. The positive effect of training correlates directly with the amount of fitness gained and lasts only as long as the fitness level is sustained. The effect of exercise is independent of age and gender. It is reversible and reproducible.Based on the large evidence of exercise referral and prescription the Austrian Diabetes Associations aims to implement the position of a "physical activity adviser" in multi-professional diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Lackinger
- Abteilung für Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention, Sportunion Österreich, Wien, Österreich
| | - Raimund Weitgasser
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin, Privatklinik Wehrle-Diakonissen, Salzburg, Österreich.,Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin I, Landeskrankenhaus Salzburg - Universitätsklinikum, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Salzburg, Österreich
| | - Paul Haber
- Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin II, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
| | - Josef Niebauer
- Universitätsinstitut für Präventive und Rehabilitative Sportmedizin, Landeskrankenhaus Salzburg - Universitätsklinikum, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Salzburg, Österreich
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Krośniak M, Francik R, Wojtanowska-Krośniak A, Tedeschi C, Krasoń-Nowak M, Chłopicka J, Gryboś R. Vanadium methyl-bipyridine organoligand and its influence on energy balance and organs mass. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:376-82. [PMID: 25015881 PMCID: PMC4127192 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the treatment of lifestyle diseases, including metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, it is important to lower body mass and fat tissue, and consequently, to increase insulin-sensitivity. Unfortunately, it often happens that low-energy diet which would lower overweight is not observed and, thus, it does not bring the expected effects. This paper discusses the influence of three diets-control, high-fructose, and high-fatty diet-on absorption of energy from food in order to transform it into body mass. The kJ/g ratio which describes this process has been calculated. In the tested diets, the addition of fructose (79.13 ± 2.47 kJ/g) or fat (82.48 ± 2.28 kJ/g) results in higher transformation of energy into body mass than in the case of control diet (89.60 ± 1.86 kJ/g). The addition of Na[VO(O2)2(4,4′-Me2-2,2′-bpy)]•8H2O (where 4,4′-Me2-2,2′-bpy = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine) results in statistical increase of that ratio: fructose diet (86.88 ± 0.44 kJ/g), fat diet (104.68 ± 3.01 kJ/g), and control diet (115.98 ± 0.56 kJ/g), respectively. Fat diet statistically influences the decrease of kidney mass in comparison to the other diets. The application of the tested vanadium compound results also in the statistical decrease of the fatty liver caused by fructose and fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Krośniak
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Francik
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
- State Higher Vocational School, Institute of Health, Staszica 1 Str, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wojtanowska-Krośniak
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Cinzia Tedeschi
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Student at the Faculty of Pharmacy Nutritional and Health Sciences–Calabria University, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; participant of Erasmus Program in the, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Krasoń-Nowak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Chłopicka
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ryszard Gryboś
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena Str, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
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Coyle ME, Francis K, Chapman Y. Self-management activities in diabetes care: a systematic review. AUST HEALTH REV 2014; 37:513-22. [PMID: 24018058 DOI: 10.1071/ah13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the range of self-management activities people diagnosed with diabetes engage in to manage their disease, the frequency of use, and whether self-management practices change over time. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was undertaken. Thirty-two studies identified through electronic databases met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. RESULTS The study found that people living with diabetes undertake regular self-management activities and that compliance with medication regimes is high. Adherence, however, varied with respect to blood glucose testing, diet, physical activity and foot care. Levels of physical activity were not found to change over time. Evidence suggests that some people with diabetes modify their self-management practices in response to factors such as holidays. CONCLUSIONS The review suggests that the majority of people with diabetes self-manage, although there is variation in adherence to key self-management activities. How self-management practices change over time and whether this impacts on health outcomes is an area for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan E Coyle
- RMIT University, Plenty Road, PO Box 71, Bundoora, Vic. 3083, Australia
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Rautio N, Jokelainen J, Pölönen A, Oksa H, Peltonen M, Vanhala M, Puolijoki H, Moilanen L, Tuomilehto J, Uusitupa M, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Saaristo T. Changes in lifestyle modestly reduce the estimated cardiovascular disease risk in one-year follow-up of the Finnish diabetes prevention program (FIN-D2D). Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2014; 14:145-52. [PMID: 24452452 DOI: 10.1177/1474515114521713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to assess whether changes in self-rated physical activity and diet during a type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevention program were associated with changes in estimated 10-year risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and mortality in people at high risk for T2D. METHODS Individuals were identified and offered lifestyle counseling as part of the Finnish diabetes prevention program. Ten-year risk for estimated CVD events and mortality were calculated with Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) formula. FRS was available for 774 men and 1474 women and SCORE for 961 men and 1766 women. RESULTS During the one-year follow-up, 9.6% of the men reported both an increase in physical activity and improved dietary pattern, 4.1% an increase in physical activity, 39.3% an increase in improved dietary pattern, while 47.0% reported no lifestyle changes. Corresponding numbers for women were 14.2%, 3.8%, 39.2% and 42.7%. Estimated 10-year risk for CVD events decreased 3.5% in men and 1.5% in women reporting an increase in physical activity and improvement in diet, compared to an increase of 0.15% in men (p<0.001, between groups) and decrease of 0.43% (p=0.027, between groups) in women with no lifestyle changes after adjustment for age and baseline FRS. Numbers needed to treat to prevent one CVD event by lifestyle changes were 25 for men and 59 for women. Lifestyle changes had no effect on estimated CVD mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle counseling offered in primary health care for one year results in favorable changes in lifestyle, and lowered the estimated 10-year risk for CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jari Jokelainen
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Mauno Vanhala
- Unit of Family Practice, Central Finland Health Care District, Finland Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Hannu Puolijoki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Leena Moilanen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Austria King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
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