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Dzikiti TB, Maney JK, Thorogood J, Segabinazzi L, Peterson E, Dzikiti LN, Escobar A. Sedation with dexmedetomidine-butorphanol or xylazine-butorphanol continuous intravenous infusions during unilateral ovariectomy in standing donkeys. Equine Vet J 2024. [PMID: 38173139 DOI: 10.1111/evj.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous infusions of alpha-2 adrenoceptor sedatives and opioids can potentially facilitate surgery in donkeys while standing. Literature on this subject matter is scant. OBJECTIVES Evaluation of efficacy of sedation from α2 -adrenoceptors (dexmedetomidine or xylazine) and butorphanol during ovariectomy in standing donkeys. STUDY DESIGN Randomised, masked in vivo experiment. METHODS Thirteen female donkeys were sedated with butorphanol (0.05 mg/kg bwt followed by 0.05 mg/kg bwt/h) IV. Concomitantly, 6 of the 13 jennies were sedated with dexmedetomidine 2.5 mcg/kg bwt followed by 2.5 mcg/kg bwt/h (Dex-B group), while seven jennies were sedated with xylazine 0.5 mg/kg bwt followed by 0.5 mg/kg bwt/h (Xyl-B group). A line block of the left flank and an infiltration block around uterine ligament were performed with lidocaine. While the jennies underwent ovariectomies standing, sedation scores and head height above ground were assessed at 2 and 10 min after sedative boluses and every 10 min thereafter. If sedation was too light or too deep, the dose of dexmedetomidine or xylazine was increased or decreased by 25% of the original infusion rate, while butorphanol infusion rate was constant. Physiological parameters were measured. Normally distributed data were compared using the two-sample t test while repeatedly measured data were tested for differences between and within groups using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) by ranks followed by a Wilcoxon test with Tukey Honest Significant Difference for multiple testing. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Both Dex-B and Xyl-B caused moderate to marked sedation adequate for ovariectomy in donkeys. Evident sedation was absent by 60 min of termination of infusions. No adverse physiological effects were observed. MAIN LIMITATIONS Study on ovariectomy cases only, no pharmacokinetic profiling. CONCLUSIONS Dexmedetomidine or xylazine and butorphanol sedation is feasible for ovariectomy in standing donkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarisai B Dzikiti
- Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Jill K Maney
- Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Jemma Thorogood
- Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Lorenzo Segabinazzi
- Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Erik Peterson
- Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Loveness N Dzikiti
- Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - André Escobar
- Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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Taylor SN, Colbath AC, Manfredi JM, Yob CJ, Muñoz KA. A comparison of rectal versus fetlock temperatures in dorsally recumbent horses during general anesthesia. Vet Anaesth Analg 2024; 51:26-34. [PMID: 37839991 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2023.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of isoflurane anesthesia on thermoregulation and peripheral heat loss in dorsally recumbent horses. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, clinical study. ANIMALS Seven adult horses (2.6 ± 1.5 years old, 455 ± 70.2 kg). METHODS Horses underwent elective surgical procedures in dorsal recumbency under general anesthesia (GA) maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Rectal (TR), intranasal (TN) and fetlock surface temperatures (TF) were measured every 10 minutes for the first 80 minutes following induction of GA. Room temperature (TRO) was monitored during the study. Statistical analysis to determine differences between temperature measurement sites and techniques (TR, TN and TF), and differences over time were completed using a mixed-effects model with Tukey's multiple comparison or Dunnett's multiple comparison testing where appropriate. Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Following induction of anesthesia, TF was significantly increased compared with baseline (0 minutes) from 40 to 80 minutes (p < 0.01). No significant differences were detected in TR and TN at any time point compared with baseline (p > 0.05). TF was significantly lower than TN (p < 0.02) at all time points and TR from times 0 to 70 minutes (p < 0.04). There were no significant differences between TR and TN at any time (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In horses undergoing isoflurane GA, TF increased, indicating peripheral heat loss likely because of vasodilation, whereas TR showed a clinically relevant decrease over time. These findings are suggestive of body heat redistribution during GA in horses in dorsal recumbency. Thermographic imaging of the peripheral limbs in combination with TR and TN monitoring allowed for recognition of peripheral heat redistribution in anesthetized horses. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Anesthetized horses experience peripheral heat loss through their extremities as a result of vasodilation. Mitigating peripheral heat loss may improve thermoregulation and reduce hypothermic complications in anesthetized horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N Taylor
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Aimee C Colbath
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jane M Manfredi
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Chelsey J Yob
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kirk A Muñoz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Dupont J, Serteyn D, Sandersen C. Prolonged Recovery From General Anesthesia Possibly Related to Persistent Hypoxemia in a Draft Horse. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:235. [PMID: 30327770 PMCID: PMC6174201 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Horses are susceptible to developing large areas of pulmonary atelectasis during recumbency and anesthesia. The subsequent pulmonary shunt is responsible for significant impairment of oxygenation. Since ventilation perfusion mismatch persists into the post-operative period, hypoxemia remains an important concern in the recovery stall. This case report describes the diagnosis and supportive therapy of persistent hypoxemia in a 914 kg draft horse after isoflurane anesthesia. It highlights how challenging it can be to deal with hypoxemia after disconnection from the anesthesia machine and how life-threatening it can become if refractory to treatment. Furthermore, it stresses the point on the interactions between hypoxemia and other factors, such as residual drug effects and hypothermia, that should also be considered in the case of delayed recovery from general anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dupont
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Equine Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
| | - Didier Serteyn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Equine Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Sandersen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Equine Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
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Abstract
There has been great progress in the understanding of basic neurobiologic mechanisms of pain, but this body of knowledge has not yet translated into new and improved analgesics. Progress has been made regarding pain assessment in horses, but more work is needed until sensitive and accurate pain assessment tools are available for use in clinical practice. This review summarizes and updates the knowledge concerning the cornerstones of pain medicine (understand, assess, prevent, and treat). It highlights the importance of understanding pain mechanisms and expressions to enable a rational approach to pain assessment, prevention, and management in the equine patient.
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Dias BP, Araújo MAD, Deschk M, Trein TA, Pinheiro NC, Perri SHV, Rodrigues CA, Santos PSPD. Effects of a continuous rate infusion of butorphanol in isoflurane-anesthetized horses on cardiorespiratory parameters, recovery quality, gastrointestinal motility and serum cortisol concentrations. Acta Cir Bras 2015; 29:801-6. [PMID: 25517493 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502014001900006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the cardiorespiratory parametes, recovery, gastrointestinal motility and serum cortisol concentrations in horses anesthetized with isoflurane with or without a continuous rate infusion (CRI) of butorphanol for orchiectomy. METHODS Twelve adult, intact, male horses weighing 332 ± 55 kg were included in the study. Xilazine was administered as premedication. Anesthesia was induced with ketamine and midazolam and maintained with isoflurane. Butorphanol (0.025 mg kg-1 bolus) or an equivalent volume of saline (0.9%) was given intravenously followed by a CRI of butorphanol (BG) (13 µg kg-1 hour-1) or saline (CG). Cardiorespiratory variables were recorded before (T0) and every 15 minutes for 75 minutes after the start of infusion. Serum cortisol concentration was measured at T0 and 60 minutes, and 30 minutes and 19 hours after the horse stood up. Recovery from anesthesia was evaluated using a scoring system. Gastrointestinal motility was evaluated before anesthesia and during 24 hours after recovery. RESULTS There were no significant differences between groups in cardiopulmonary variables, or recovery scores or serum cortisol concentrations. A reduction in gastrointestinal motility was recorded for 60 minutes in BG. CONCLUSIONS Continuous rate infusion of butorphanol in horses anesthetized with isoflurane did not adversely affect the cardiopulmonary variables monitored, or recovery scores. A small but statistically significant reduction in gastrointestinal motility occurred in the butorphanol group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Paludeto Dias
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sao Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Augusto de Araújo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Maurício Deschk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Nirmem Carlos Pinheiro
- Department of Clinical, Surgey and Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Acquisition
| | | | - Celso Antônio Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sergio Patto dos Santos
- Department of Clinical, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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Chiavaccini L, Claude AK, Lee JH, Ross MK, Meyer RE, Langston VC. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics comparison between subcutaneous and intravenous butorphanol administration in horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 38:365-74. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Chiavaccini
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Mississippi State University; Mississippi State MS USA
| | - A. K. Claude
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Mississippi State University; Mississippi State MS USA
| | - J. H. Lee
- Department of Basic Sciences; Center for Environmental Health Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Mississippi State University; Mississippi State MS USA
| | - M. K. Ross
- Department of Basic Sciences; Center for Environmental Health Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Mississippi State University; Mississippi State MS USA
| | - R. E. Meyer
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Mississippi State University; Mississippi State MS USA
| | - V. C. Langston
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Mississippi State University; Mississippi State MS USA
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Araújo MAD, Albuquerque VBD, Deschk M, Trein TA, Frazílio FDO, Santos PSPD. Effects of continuous rate infusion of butorphanol in isoflurane-anesthetized calves. Acta Cir Bras 2014; 29:465-71. [PMID: 25054878 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502014000700009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the hemodynamic changes and bispectral index (BIS) following administration of a continuous rate infusion (CRI) of butorphanol in isoflurane-anesthetized calves. METHODS Eight calves weighing 110 ± 12 kg were included in the study. Anesthesia was induced with 5% isoflurane in O2 delivered via face mask and maintained with end-tidal concentration of 1.4%. IPPV was set to a peak inspiratory airway pressure of 15 cmH2O and respiratory rate of six breaths minute-1. Forty minutes after the start of anesthetic maintenance, 0.1 mg kg-1butorphanol was administered intravenously, followed by a CRI of 20 µg kg-1 minute-1. Hemodynamic variables and BIS were recorded before butorphanol administration (T0), and at 10, 20, 40 and 80 minutes following the CRI. Anesthesia was discontinued after the last recording and the calves were allowed to recover. The time to sternal recumbency (SRE) and standing (ST) were evaluated. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the moments in all hemodynamic variables and BIS. The time to SRE and ST was 9 ± 5 and 14 ± 7 minutes, respectively. CONCLUSION The continuous rate infusion did not produce clinically relevant changes in hemodynamic or bispectral index values compared to baseline in mechanically ventilated and unstimulated calves anesthetized at 1.4% isoflurane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Augusto de Araújo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Deschk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício de Oliveira Frazílio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sergio Patto dos Santos
- Department of Clinical, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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ISHIZUKA T, ITAMI T, TAMURA J, SAITOH Y, SAITOH M, UMAR MA, MIYOSHI K, YAMASHITA K, MUIR WW. Anesthetic and Cardiorespiratory Effects of Propofol, Medetomidine, Lidocaine and Butorphanol Total Intravenous Anesthesia in Horses. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:165-72. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito ISHIZUKA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069–8501, Japan
| | - Takaharu ITAMI
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069–8501, Japan
| | - Jun TAMURA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069–8501, Japan
| | - Yasuo SAITOH
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069–8501, Japan
| | - Motoaki SAITOH
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069–8501, Japan
| | - Mohammed A. UMAR
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069–8501, Japan
| | - Kenjirou MIYOSHI
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069–8501, Japan
| | - Kazuto YAMASHITA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069–8501, Japan
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Raffa RB, Burmeister JJ, Yuvasheva E, Pergolizzi JV. QTc interval prolongation byd-propoxyphene: what about other analgesics? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012; 13:1397-409. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2012.682150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Bettschart-Wolfensberger R, Dicht S, Vullo C, Frotzler A, Kuemmerle JM, Ringer SK. A clinical study on the effect in horses during medetomidine–isoflurane anaesthesia, of butorphanol constant rate infusion on isoflurane requirements, on cardiopulmonary function and on recovery characteristics. Vet Anaesth Analg 2011; 38:186-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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