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Pasupathi M, Booker J, Ell M, Follmer Greenhoot A, McLean KC, Wainryb C, Fivush R. College, Interrupted: Profiles in First-Year College Students Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic Across One Year. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2022; 10:1574-1590. [PMID: 38603297 PMCID: PMC9535459 DOI: 10.1177/21676968221119945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
First-year college students in the 2019-2020 academic year are at risk of having their mental health, identity work, and college careers derailed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. To assess emerging and evolving impacts of the pandemic on mental health/well-being, identity development, and academic resilience, we collected data from a racially, ethnically, geographically, and economically diverse group of 629 students at four universities across the US within weeks of lockdown, and then followed up on these students' self-reported mental health, identity, and academic resilience three times over the following year. Our findings suggest that: 1) students' mental health, identity development, and academic resilience were largely negatively impacted compared to pre-pandemic samples; 2) these alterations persisted and, in some cases, worsened as the pandemic wore on; and 3) patterns of change were often worse for students indicating more baseline COVID-related stressors.
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The Challenges of the Experimental Paradigm in Narrative Identity Research. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Branje S, de Moor EL, Spitzer J, Becht AI. Dynamics of Identity Development in Adolescence: A Decade in Review. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:908-927. [PMID: 34820948 PMCID: PMC9298910 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the key developmental tasks in adolescence is to develop a coherent identity. The current review addresses progress in the field of identity research between the years 2010 and 2020. Synthesizing research on the development of identity, we show that identity development during adolescence and early adulthood is characterized by both systematic maturation and substantial stability. This review discusses the role of life events and transitions for identity and the role of micro-processes and narrative processes as a potential mechanisms of personal identity development change. It provides an overview of the linkages between identity development and developmental outcomes, specifically paying attention to within-person processes. It additionally discusses how identity development takes place in the context of close relationships.
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Blagov PS, Singer JA, Oost KM, Goodman JA. Self-defining memories-Narrative features in relation to adaptive and maladaptive personality traits (replication and extension of Blagov & Singer, 2004). J Pers 2021; 90:457-475. [PMID: 34601722 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-defining memories (SDMs) are units of life-story analysis, whose features resemble elements from narrative identity's factorial structure. To bridge narrative-identity and personality-trait domains, we conducted a replication and extension of prior research. METHOD We linked four SDM features - affect, specificity, meaning making, and content - to the Big Three trait domains of personality and psychopathology in a small sample that was well-powered for multilevel modeling (133 participants, 1330 SDMs). RESULTS Affect SDM affect correlated with indices of Positive Emotionality and Negative Emotionality, and narrative themes of contamination were associated with Negative Emotionality. Specificity SDM specificity vs. overgenerality related to Constraint and Negative Emotionality indices, lending support to the executive dysfunction and emotional disorder theories of overgeneral autobiographical memory. (Tests of the avoidance thesis of overgeneral memory were inconclusive.) Meaning making Explicit meaning making in SDMs reflected adaptive personality. It moderated (or buffered) the link between SDMs' affect and chronic emotional distress. Content The links between SDM content and traits suggest that SDMs reflect personal goals, whose fulfillment or frustration relate to psychological health. CONCLUSIONS This research serves replication purposes as well as the purpose of connecting two major domains of personality: narrative identity and adaptive and maladaptive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S Blagov
- Psychology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington, USA
| | - Jefferson A Singer
- Psychology Department, Connecticut College, New London, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kathryn M Oost
- Psychology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington, USA
| | - Joshua A Goodman
- Department of Psychology, Rhodes College, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Prinzing M, De Freitas J, Fredrickson BL. The Ordinary Concept of a Meaningful Life: The Role of Subjective and Objective Factors in Third-Person Attributions of Meaning. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2021.1897866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Prinzing
- Department of Philosophy, University of North Carolina – Caldwell Hall, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Julian De Freitas
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University – William James Hall, MA USA
| | - Barbara L. Fredrickson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC USA
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van Doeselaar L, McLean KC, Meeus W, Denissen JJA, Klimstra TA. Adolescents' Identity Formation: Linking the Narrative and the Dual-Cycle Approach. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 49:818-835. [PMID: 31407186 PMCID: PMC7105420 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The narrative and dual-cycle approach conceptualize and operationalize adolescents' identity formation in different ways. While the narrative approach focuses on the construction of an autobiographical life story, the dual-cycle approach focuses on the formation of identity commitments. Although these approaches have different emphases, they are conceptually complementary. Yet, their empirical links and distinctions have only scarcely been investigated. Empirical knowledge on these links in adolescence and across time has been especially lacking. In the present research, it was therefore examined whether key characteristics of adolescents' narration (autobiographical reasoning and agency) were concurrently and prospectively related to engagement in the dual-cycle processes of commitment making, identification with commitment, exploration in breadth, exploration in depth, and ruminative exploration. The findings from a cross-sectional sample of 1,580 Dutch adolescents (Mage = 14.7 years, 56% female) demonstrated that autobiographical reasoning was significantly positively associated with the commitment and more adaptive exploration processes (i.e., in breadth and in depth). In addition, agency was significantly positively associated with the commitment processes and exploration in depth. Yet, these associations between the narrative characteristics and dual-cycle processes were only weak. Subsequently, the findings from a two-year longitudinal subsample (n = 242, Mage = 14.7 years, 62% female) indicated that on average commitment strength remained stable but exploration increased across middle adolescence. A stronger increase in identification with commitment and adaptive exploration (i.e., in breadth and in depth) was predicted by a higher degree of agency in adolescents' narratives. Overall, these findings indicate that both approaches to identity formation are associated, but the small size of these associations suggests that they predominantly capture unique aspects of identity formation. Both approaches could thus complement and inform each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte van Doeselaar
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Kate C McLean
- Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Wim Meeus
- Research Centre Adolescent Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap J A Denissen
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Theo A Klimstra
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Schachter E, Ben Hur A. The Varieties of Religious Significance: An Idiographic Approach to Study Religion's Role in Adolescent Development. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2019; 29:291-307. [PMID: 31206878 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a rationale and method for taking an idiographic approach to study the role religion plays in adolescent development. We theorize that adolescents harness qualitatively different aspects of religion to address idiosyncratic developmental needs. Therefore, analyzing religion's role in adolescent development necessitates a case-by-case holistic analysis. We introduce a systematic method using narratives to identify the personal ways that individuals attribute meaning in general and regarding religion in particular. We present three detailed case studies from a sample of 20 religious Israeli Jewish Orthodox emerging-adult women who provided retrospective narrative accounts of their general and religious development through adolescence. Systematic analysis reveals that religion was significant to these women in diverse and personal ways, addressing markedly different adolescent developmental needs.
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Pasupathi M, Wainryb C, Oldroyd K, Bourne S. Storied Lessons: Learning from Anger in Childhood by Narrating. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 43:553-562. [PMID: 31798196 DOI: 10.1177/0165025419844023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated whether narrating anger-provoking events promoted learning from those events, as compared with other responses to anger, and whether the effectiveness of narrative depended on age. In addition, we tested relations between anger-reduction and learning and in a subset of participants, between narrative quality and learning. 248 youth (8 to 17 years old) recalled an anger-provoking experience, and were randomly assigned to one of four activities: recalling the event a second time, narrating the event, and distraction (via video game play or conversation). Youth then recalled the event one last time, and rated the extent to which they had learned from that event. Younger children reported more learning when they had narrated their experience. Older youth reported more learning when they had narrated the event more frequently prior to participation. Stronger reductions in anger following regulation were associated with greater self-reported learning. Finally, more elaborative and less resolved narratives were associated with greater self-reported learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pasupathi
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah
| | - C Wainryb
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah
| | - K Oldroyd
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah
| | - S Bourne
- Youth Learning Institute, Clemson University
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Ganzin M, Islam G, Suddaby R. Spirituality and Entrepreneurship: The Role of Magical Thinking in Future-Oriented Sensemaking. ORGANIZATION STUDIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0170840618819035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drawing from a qualitative empirical study of Canadian entrepreneurs, we seek to understand the nature of entrepreneurial thinking. More specifically, we analyse entrepreneurs’ cognitive capacity to mitigate the risk inherent in an uncertain future and overcome low community expectations of entrepreneurial success. We introduce the notion of ‘magical thinking’, an emergent construct that refers to a cluster of beliefs that maintain the motivation and focus of entrepreneurs by transmuting agency from a rational-scientific context in which the entrepreneur imposes his or her will on the environment, to a spiritual context in which the entrepreneur perseveres by remaining true to trust in a wider cosmological belief system. We identify three key elements of magical thinking – finding one’s path, obtaining the answers and being at peace.
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of the role of language in autobiographical memory, that is barely considered in studies on autobiographical memories and narratives. As a matter of fact, most of the current studies on autobiographical memory confounded memory and narrative together. The present paper focuses on two main issues. Firstly, it debates how narratives contribute to the construction of autobiographical memories through self-other communication. Secondly, it reflects on how language and communication should be manipulated in studies about autobiographical memory. This paper is made of three sections: the first section discusses the role of language, particularly in the form of narrative, as a social tool by which autobiographical memories can be organised in a life story; the second section examines previous methods of investigation used in the study of autobiographical memories; finally, the third section proposes different methodological alternatives to overcome the problems emerging from our analysis of literature.
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McLean KC, Pasupathi M, Greenhoot AF, Fivush R. Does intra-individual variability in narration matter and for what? JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Järvenpää P, Hänninen V. Stability of Repeated Work-Related Life Stories. JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIVIST PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10720537.2017.1304299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pirkko Järvenpää
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vilma Hänninen
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Khechuashvili L. Investigation of Psychometric Properties of the Georgian Version of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2016.1157409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pasupathi M, Wainryb C, Mansfield CD, Bourne S. The feeling of the story: Narrating to regulate anger and sadness. Cogn Emot 2016; 31:444-461. [PMID: 26745208 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2015.1127214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Admonitions to tell one's story in order to feel better reflect the belief that narrative is an effective emotion regulation tool. The present studies evaluate the effectiveness of narrative for regulating sadness and anger, and provide quantitative comparisons of narrative with distraction, reappraisal, and reexposure. The results for sadness (n = 93) and anger (n = 89) reveal that narrative is effective at down-regulating negative emotions, particularly when narratives place events in the past tense and include positive emotions. The results suggest that if people tell the "right" kind of story about their experiences, narrative reduces emotional distress linked to those experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisha Pasupathi
- a Department of Psychology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Cecilia Wainryb
- a Department of Psychology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Cade D Mansfield
- a Department of Psychology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Stacia Bourne
- a Department of Psychology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
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Hammack PL, Toolis E. Narrative and the social construction of adulthood. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2015; 2014:43-56. [PMID: 25251509 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This chapter develops three points of elaboration and theoretical expansion upon Cohler's (1982) treatise on personal narrative and life course. First, we highlight Cohler's emphasis on an interpretive, idiographic approach to the study of lives and reveal the radicalism of this approach, particularly in its ability to interrogate the lived experience of social categorization. Second, we link Cohler's position directly to cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) and consider the link between inner and social speech through the idea of narrative engagement. Finally, following Cohler's life course perspective on human development, we suggest that adulthood is best conceived as a cultural discourse to which individuals orient their personal narratives through a dynamic process of narrative engagement rather than a clearly demarcated life stage. Emerging adulthood is linked to cultural and economic processes of globalization in the 21st century and challenges static notions of social roles traditionally associated with compulsory heterosexuality (e.g., marriage and parenthood). Narrative processes in emerging adulthood occur through both situated storytelling and the formation of a life story that provides coherence and social meaning, both of which have key implications for social stasis and change.
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Pasupathi M, Oldroyd K. Telling and Remembering: Complexities in Long-term Effects of Listeners on Autobiographical Memory. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Oldroyd
- Department of Psychology; University of Utah; Salt Lake City USA
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Is narrating growth in stories of personal transgressions associated with increased well-being, self-compassion, and forgiveness of others? JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pasupathi M, Billitteri J, Mansfield CD, Wainryb C, Hanley GE, Taheri K. Regulating Emotion and Identity by Narrating Harm. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2015; 58:127-136. [PMID: 26392641 PMCID: PMC4573455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined how narration of harm experiences can regulate self and emotions in ways relevant to well-being. Participants (n = 88, 65% female) were asked to provide 6 narratives about instances when they were victims of harm and 6 narratives about instances when they were perpetrators of harm. Narratives were coded for extent of exploration, growth, damage conclusions and resolution. Participants drew damage conclusions more frequently in victim narratives and growth conclusions more frequently in perpetrator narratives. Both the type of experience (victim or perpetrator) and the way the experience was narrated (references to damage conclusions and resolution) predicted emotion and identity implications, which were, in turn, related to well-being. Implications for narrative approaches to self-regulation are discussed.
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Pasupathi M, Billitteri J. Being and Becoming through Being Heard: Listener Effects on Stories and Selves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10904018.2015.1029363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Recchia HE, Wainryb C, Bourne S, Pasupathi M. Children's and Adolescents' Accounts of Helping and Hurting Others: Lessons About the Development of Moral Agency. Child Dev 2015; 86:864-76. [DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Narrative identity is a person’s internalized and evolving life story, integrating the reconstructed past and imagined future to provide life with some degree of unity and purpose. In recent studies on narrative identity, researchers have paid a great deal of attention to (a) psychological adaptation and (b) development. Research into the relation between life stories and adaptation shows that narrators who find redemptive meanings in suffering and adversity, and who construct life stories that feature themes of personal agency and exploration, tend to enjoy higher levels of mental health, well-being, and maturity. Researchers have tracked the development of narrative identity from its origins in conversations between parents and their young children to the articulation of sophisticated meaning-making strategies in the personal stories told in adolescence and the emerging adulthood years. Future researchers need to (a) disentangle causal relations between features of life stories and positive psychological adaptation and (b) explore further the role of broad cultural contexts in the development of narrative identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan P. McAdams
- Department of Psychology and School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University
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Jennings LE, Pasupathi M, McLean KC. “Intricate Lettings Out and Lettings In”: Listener Scaffolding of Narrative Identity in Newly Dating Romantic Partners. SELF AND IDENTITY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2013.786203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Singer JA, Blagov P, Berry M, Oost KM. Self-Defining Memories, Scripts, and the Life Story: Narrative Identity in Personality and Psychotherapy. J Pers 2013; 81:569-82. [DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Dunlop WL, Tracy JL. The autobiography of addiction: autobiographical reasoning and psychological adjustment in abstinent alcoholics. Memory 2012; 21:64-78. [PMID: 22943450 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2012.713970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The narration of drinking experiences plays a central role in many alcohol rehabilitation programmes, yet few researchers have considered whether alcoholics' stories about such experiences relate to their psychological adjustment. Here we examine the extent to which drinking stories of abstinent alcoholics reflect autobiographical reasoning processes denoting self-change and self-stability, and whether these processes are associated with adjustment. Participants who revealed a positive self-change in their narratives about drinking demonstrated higher levels of self-esteem, authentic pride, and mental health compared to those who did not. In contrast, those who implied a sense of self-stability in their narratives demonstrated higher levels of hubristic pride and aggression, and poorer mental health. These results suggest that narrating positive self-change in the wake of substance abuse may underlie psychological adjustment, whereas establishing self-stability in these experiences may impede adjustment. More broadly, these findings underscore the importance of recognising the multi-dimensional nature of autobiographical reasoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Dunlop
- Department of Psychology , The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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McLean KC, Pasupathi M. Processes of Identity Development: Where I Am and How I Got There. IDENTITY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2011.632363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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