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ISHIBASHI M, MORIGUCHI Y. DOES CHILDREN’S SCALE ERROR RELATE TO A FAILURE TO DETECT SIZE CHANGE? PSYCHOLOGIA 2019. [DOI: 10.2117/psysoc.2019-a010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Vanmarcke S, Noens I, Steyaert J, Wagemans J. Change detection of meaningful objects in real-world scenes in adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2017; 22:728-739. [PMID: 28686039 DOI: 10.1177/1362361317702559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggested that adolescents with autism spectrum disorder are better than typically developing children in detecting local, non-social details within complex visual scenes. To better understand these differences, we used the image database by Sareen et al., containing the size and on-screen location information of all changes in the images, in a change blindness paradigm. In this task, an original and a modified real-world scene, separated by a gray blank, alternate repeatedly until observers detect the change. Our results indicated that participants with and without autism spectrum disorder performed similarly when scenes were presented upright, but that only the performance of the typically developing adolescents became worse in the inverted scene condition. In this condition, the correlation between performance and both image difficulty and change predictability was significantly weaker in autism spectrum disorder than in typically developing participants. We suggest that these findings result from a more locally biased search strategy in people with autism spectrum disorder, compared to typically developing participants, in tasks in which the rapid processing of global information does not help to improve change detection performance. Finally, although we found change location, change size, and age to influence participant performance, none of these was directly linked to the observed group-level differences.
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Burack JA, Russo N, Kovshoff H, Palma Fernandes T, Ringo J, Landry O, Iarocci G. How I Attend—Not How Well Do I Attend: Rethinking Developmental Frameworks of Attention and Cognition in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typical Development. JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2016.1197226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Türkan BN, Amado S, Ercan ES, Perçinel I. Comparison of change detection performance and visual search patterns among children with/without ADHD: Evidence from eye movements. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2016; 49-50:205-215. [PMID: 26707929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADHD participants showed poorer change detection performance compared to participants without any diagnosis. The difficulty to detect changes in ADHD children might be due to their voluntary eye movement control and attentional deficits. AIMS To evaluate change detection performance and visual search patterns of children with ADHD and compare their performances with typically developing (TD) children. METHODS AND PROCEDURES 48 children (nADHD=24, nTD=24) participated (Mage=8 years, 10 months). Flicker paradigm was used to evaluate change detection performance, while eye movements were recorded during the experiment. RESULTS Change detection accuracies of TD children were higher compared to ADHD children. TD groups made longer fixations on the changed area and their first fixation duration was also longer than ADHD children which showed that TD children had longer fixation maintenance than ADHD children. CONCLUSIONS The change detection performance, which is associated with visual attention and memory, was found to be worse in ADHD children than TD children and these children made shorter fixations on the changed area than TD children. The findings were found to be in line with the difficulty to sustain attention in ADHD children that is necessary for encoding the scene properties and goal-oriented behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Amado
- Ege University, Department of Psychology, 35400 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Eyüp Sabri Ercan
- Ege University, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ipek Perçinel
- Osmaniye Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Osmaniye, Turkey
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Matusz PJ, Broadbent H, Ferrari J, Forrest B, Merkley R, Scerif G. Multi-modal distraction: Insights from children’s limited attention. Cognition 2015; 136:156-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
The field of attentional development has recently undergone a quiet revolution. Attention is no longer being studied as a static gatekeeper of consciousness and action; instead, it is being reconceptualized as a dynamic system that both influences and is influenced by the interactions between individuals and their environments. In this review, we first revisit the conventional understanding of attentional development, showing that a large body of research conducted using a handful of laboratory tasks failed to deliver deep theoretical insights. We then trace the revolution to show how investigators have been changing their research questions in response to this impasse. Finally, we speculate on what the future of attentional development research might look like from this emerging dynamic perspective.
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VanWormer LA, Senkbeil SK, Kass SJ. Comparison of interstimulus intervals on change detection in nondriving and driving scenarios. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 127:489-500. [PMID: 25603584 DOI: 10.5406/amerjpsyc.127.4.0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Change detection across disruptions of visual scenes is typically studied using brief durations of the interstimulus interval (ISI) (i.e., up to 300 ms). We investigated change detection across durations that approximate longer, voluntary glances away from a visual scene (i.e., 500-2,000 ms), which are often actualized in driving situations. Experiment 1 found that in nondriving scenarios, change detection performance, as measured by accuracy and response time, decreased as ISI increased. Experiment 2 found that in driving scenarios, change detection for plausible changes also decreased as the ISI increased, but there was no similar decrease in performance for implausible changes. Both Experiments 1 and 2 showed that the necessary number of exposures to the change decreased as ISIs approximated voluntary glances, suggesting that change detection strategies may be modified at longer ISI durations.
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Visual Search and Emotion: How Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Scan Emotional Scenes. J Autism Dev Disord 2014; 44:2871-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-014-2148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sauerland M, Sagana A, Otgaar H, Broers NJ. Self-relevance does not moderate choice blindness in adolescents and children. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98563. [PMID: 24887431 PMCID: PMC4041888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In two experiments we tested the choice blindness phenomenon in adolescents aged 11-16 years (Experiment 1, N = 87) and children aged 7-10 years (Experiment 2, N = 117) for the first time. Analogous to previously reported findings with adult participants, we expected to replicate the robust effect in these age groups. Furthermore, we investigated the hypothesis that self-relevance of choices, defined as the extent to which the self is implicated in a choice, moderates the choice blindness effect in adolescents and children. To this end, we directly compared high and low self-relevance conditions. As expected, the choice blindness effect was robust across age groups. Little support was found for the idea that self-relevance moderates the choice blindness effect. Specifically, no effect of self-relevance on choice blindness was found in adolescents, while the findings in the child sample were inconsistent. Different possible interpretations of the results as well as the possible role of ambiguity for the choice blindness effect are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Sauerland
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Sagana
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Otgaar
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nick J. Broers
- Department of Statistics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Maccari L, Casagrande M, Martella D, Anolfo M, Rosa C, Fuentes LJ, Pasini A. Change blindness in children with ADHD: a selective impairment in visual search? J Atten Disord 2013; 17:620-7. [PMID: 22334620 DOI: 10.1177/1087054711433294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated change blindness and visual search efficiency in children with ADHD in searching for central and marginal changes. METHOD A total of 36 drug-naïve children (18 ADHD/18 controls) performed a flicker task that included changes in objects of central or marginal interest. The task required observers to search for a change until they detected it. RESULTS Children with ADHD performed more slowly and less accurately than did typically developing children, specifically in detecting marginal-interest changes. CONCLUSION In contrast to more standard visual search tasks, flicker tasks seem to be more sensitive to highlight focused attention deficits in children diagnosed with ADHD. Concretely, ADHD attentional deficits were more apparent when the task involved serial top-down strategies.
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Krishnan S, Leech R, Aydelott J, Dick F. School-age children's environmental object identification in natural auditory scenes: Effects of masking and contextual congruence. Hear Res 2013; 300:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sheth BR, Liu J, Olagbaju O, Varghese L, Mansour R, Reddoch S, Pearson DA, Loveland KA. Detecting social and non-social changes in natural scenes: performance of children with and without autism spectrum disorders and typical adults. J Autism Dev Disord 2011; 41:434-46. [PMID: 20614172 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-010-1062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We probed differences in the ability to detect and interpret social cues in adults and in children and young adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorders (ASD) by investigating the effect of various social and non-social contexts on the visual exploration of pictures of natural scenes. Children and adolescents relied more on social referencing cues in the scene as compared to adults, and in the presence of such cues, were less able to use other kinds of cues. Typically developing children and adolescents were no better than those with ASD at detecting changes within the various social contexts. Results suggest children and adolescents with ASD use relevant social cues while searching a scene just as typical children do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavin R Sheth
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Center for NeuroEngineering and Cognitive Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-4005, USA.
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Fletcher-Watson S, Leekam SR, Connolly B, Collis JM, Findlay JM, McConachie H, Rodgers J. Attenuation of change blindness in children with autism spectrum disorders. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 30:446-58. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-835x.2011.02054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Farzin F, Rivera SM, Whitney D. Time crawls: the temporal resolution of infants' visual attention. Psychol Sci 2011; 22:1004-10. [PMID: 21712505 DOI: 10.1177/0956797611413291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conscious visual perception of the constantly changing environment is one of the brain's most critical functions. In virtually every moment of every daily activity, the visual system is confronted with the task of accurately representing and interpreting scenes that change rapidly over time. Adults can judge the identity and order of changing images presented at a rate of up to 10 Hz (~50 ms per image); this limit reflects a finite temporal resolution of attention. In the research reported here, although 6- to 15-month-old infants could detect the presence of rapid flicker without difficulty, their ability to segment individual alternating states within the flicker was severely limited: Fifteen-month-old infants had a temporal resolution of attention approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of adults (~1 Hz). Coarse temporal resolution constrains how infants perceive and utilize dynamic visual information and may play a role in the visual processing deficits found in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Farzin
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Jordan Hall, Building 420, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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O'Hearn K, Lakusta L, Schroer E, Minshew N, Luna B. Deficits in adults with autism spectrum disorders when processing multiple objects in dynamic scenes. Autism Res 2011; 4:132-42. [PMID: 21254449 DOI: 10.1002/aur.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
People with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) process visual information in a manner that is distinct from typically developing individuals. They may be less sensitive to people's goals and, more generally, focus on visual details instead of the entire scene. To examine these differences, people with and without ASD were asked to detect changes in dynamic scenes with multiple elements. Participants viewed a brief video of a person or an inanimate object (the "figure") moving from one object to another; after a delay, they reported whether a second video was the same or different. Possible changes included the figure, the object the figure was moving from, or the object the figure was moving toward (the "goal"). We hypothesized that individuals with ASD would be less sensitive to changes in scenes with people, particularly elements that might be the person's goal. Alternately, people with ASD might attend to fewer elements regardless of whether the scene included a person. Our results indicate that, like controls, people with ASD noticed a change in the "goal" object at the end of a person's movement more often than the object at the start. However, the group with ASD did not undergo the developmental improvement that was evident typically when detecting changes in both the start and end objects. This atypical development led to deficits in adults with ASD that were not specific to scenes with people or to "goals." Improvements in visual processing that underlie mature representation of scenes may not occur in ASD, suggesting that late developing brain processes are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten O'Hearn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Scerif G. Attention trajectories, mechanisms and outcomes: at the interface between developing cognition and environment. Dev Sci 2010; 13:805-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.01013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ames C, Fletcher-Watson S. A review of methods in the study of attention in autism. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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