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Buneeva O, Medvedev A. Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolase L1 and Its Role in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1303. [PMID: 38279302 PMCID: PMC10816476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), also known as Parkinson's disease protein 5, is a highly expressed protein in the brain. It plays an important role in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), where it acts as a deubiquitinase (DUB) enzyme. Being the smallest member of the UCH family of DUBs, it catalyzes the reaction of ubiquitin precursor processing and the cleavage of ubiquitinated protein remnants, thus maintaining the level of ubiquitin monomers in the brain cells. UCHL1 mutants, containing amino acid substitutions, influence catalytic activity and its aggregability. Some of them protect cells and transgenic mice in toxin-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) models. Studies of putative protein partners of UCHL1 revealed about sixty individual proteins located in all major compartments of the cell: nucleus, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. These include proteins related to the development of PD, such as alpha-synuclein, amyloid-beta precursor protein, ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin, and heat shock proteins. In the context of the catalytic paradigm, the importance of these interactions is not clear. However, there is increasing understanding that UCHL1 exhibits various effects in a catalytically independent manner through protein-protein interactions. Since this protein represents up to 5% of the soluble protein in the brain, PD-related changes in its structure will have profound effects on the proteomes/interactomes in which it is involved. Growing evidence is accumulating that the role of UCHL1 in PD is obviously determined by a balance of canonic catalytic activity and numerous activity-independent protein-protein interactions, which still need better characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexei Medvedev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya Street, Moscow 119121, Russia;
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2
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Pan B, Lu X, Han X, Huan J, Gao D, Cui S, Ju X, Zhang Y, Xu S, Song J, Wang L, Zhang H, Niu Q. Mechanism by Which Aluminum Regulates the Abnormal Phosphorylation of the Tau Protein in Different Cell Lines. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:31782-31796. [PMID: 34870001 PMCID: PMC8637959 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is an environmental neurotoxin to which humans are extensively exposed; however, the molecular mechanism of aluminum toxicity is unclear. Several studies have indicated that exposure to aluminum can cause abnormal phosphorylation of the tau protein. The purpose of this study was to investigate respectively the special molecular mechanism of abnormal regulation on synthesis and degradation of the tau protein induced by AlCl3 in cells of different species. The results of tau protein showed that the sites of abnormal tau phosphorylation induced by AlCl3 are Thr231, Ser262, and Ser396 in N2a cells. Meanwhile, the expressions of Thr181, Thr231, and Ser262 increased abnormally in SH-SY5Y cells. The result of the study showed that PP2A expression was high in N2a cells, while GSK-3β and PP2A in SH-SY5Y cells were involved in the synthesis process of abnormal tau phosphorylation induced by AlCl3. In N2a cells, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) mainly regulated tau phosphorylation at Ser262 and Ser396. Meanwhile, in SH-SY5Y cells, the UPP mainly regulated tau phosphorylation at Thr231 and Ser396. In summary, the UPP is involved in the degradation of Tau that is abnormally phosphorylated induced by AlCl3, but this process is site-specific and differs in cells of different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Pan
- Department
of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Sixth
Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (General Hospital of Tisco), Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiaoting Lu
- Department
of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department
of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jiaping Huan
- Department
of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Dan Gao
- Department
of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Shuangjie Cui
- Department
of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiaofen Ju
- Department
of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- Department
of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Shimeng Xu
- Department
of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department
of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Linping Wang
- Department
of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Department
of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department
of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Lázaro DF, Outeiro TF. The Interplay Between Proteostasis Systems and Parkinson’s Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1233:223-236. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38266-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Moon HE, Paek SH. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Exp Neurobiol 2015; 24:103-16. [PMID: 26113789 PMCID: PMC4479806 DOI: 10.5607/en.2015.24.2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) with motor and nonmotor symptoms. Defective mitochondrial function and increased oxidative stress (OS) have been demonstrated as having an important role in PD pathogenesis, although the underlying mechanism is not clear. The etiopathogenesis of sporadic PD is complex with variable contributions of environmental factors and genetic susceptibility. Both these factors influence various mitochondrial aspects, including their life cycle, bioenergetic capacity, quality control, dynamic changes of morphology and connectivity (fusion, fission), subcellular distribution (transport), and the regulation of cell death pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction has mainly been reported in various non-dopaminergic cells and tissue samples from human patients as well as transgenic mouse and fruit fly models of PD. Thus, the mitochondria represent a highly promising target for the development of PD biomarkers. However, the limited amount of dopaminergic neurons prevented investigation of their detailed study. For the first time, we established human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-immortalized wild type, idiopathic and Parkin deficient mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from the adipose tissues of PD patients, which could be used as a good cellular model to evaluate mitochondrial dysfunction for the better understanding of PD pathology and for the development of early diagnostic markers and effective therapy targets of PD. In this review, we examine evidence for the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and increased OS in the neuronal loss that leads to PD and discuss how this knowledge further improve the treatment for patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Eun Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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5
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Association between ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1 S18Y variant and risk of Parkinson's disease: the impact of ethnicity and onset age. Neurol Sci 2014; 36:179-88. [PMID: 25370916 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-1987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCHL1) is a candidate risk gene for Parkinson' disease (PD), and a function SNP (rs5030732) in the coding region of this gene has been studied for the association with the disease extensively among worldwide populations, but the results were inconsistent and controversial. Here, to estimate the association between UCHL1 S18Y polymorphism and risk of PD in general population, we conducted a systematic meta-analysis by combining all available case-control subjects in Asian, European, and American populations, with a total of 7742 PD cases and 8850 healthy controls, and the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for UCHL1 S18Y polymorphism and PD were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel method with a fixed- or random-effects model. Subgroup analysis was also performed in different onset age-matched groups. Among high-quality studies, UCHL1 S18Y polymorphism was moderately associated with the risk of PD (allele contrasts, OR = 1.063, 95% CI 1.008-1.122; p = 0.024; regressive genetic model, OR = 1.078, 95% CI 1.005-1.157; p = 0.035). When stratifying for ethnicity, none association were observed in subgroups. Analysis of early-onset PD (EOPD) and late-onset PD (LOPD) revealed that the polymorphism was not associated with the risk of PD. In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggests that UCHL1 S18Y polymorphism is moderately associated with susceptibility to PD, and more studies are needed to confirm our conclusion.
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CSF α-synuclein and UCH-L1 levels in Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian disorders. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 20:382-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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7
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Lee MJ, Lee JH, Rubinsztein DC. Tau degradation: the ubiquitin-proteasome system versus the autophagy-lysosome system. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 105:49-59. [PMID: 23528736 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosome system are two major protein quality control mechanisms in eukaryotic cells. While the UPS has been considered for decades as the critical regulator in the degradation of various aggregate-prone proteins, autophagy has more recently been shown to be an important pathway implicated in neuronal health and disease. The two hallmark lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are extracellular β-amyloid plaques and intracellular tau tangles. It has been suggested that tau accumulation is pathologically more relevant to the development of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD patients than β-amyloid plaques. Here, we review the UPS and autophagy-mediated tau clearance mechanisms and outline the biochemical connections between these two processes. In addition, we discuss pharmacological methods that target these degradation systems for the treatment and prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jae Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Miyake Y, Tanaka K, Fukushima W, Kiyohara C, Sasaki S, Tsuboi Y, Yamada T, Oeda T, Shimada H, Kawamura N, Sakae N, Fukuyama H, Hirota Y, Nagai M. UCHL1 S18Y variant is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease in Japan. BMC Neurol 2012; 12:62. [PMID: 22839974 PMCID: PMC3488468 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-12-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A recent meta-analysis on the UCHL1 S18Y variant and Parkinson’s disease (PD) showed a significant inverse association between the Y allele and PD; the individual studies included in that meta-analysis, however, have produced conflicting results. We examined the relationship between UCHL1 S18Y single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and sporadic PD in Japan. Methods Included were 229 cases within 6 years of onset of PD, defined according to the UK PD Society Brain Bank clinical diagnostic criteria. Controls were 357 inpatients and outpatients without neurodegenerative disease. Adjustment was made for sex, age, region of residence, smoking, and caffeine intake. Results Compared with subjects with the CC or CA genotype of UCHL1 S18Y SNP, those with the AA genotype had a significantly increased risk of sporadic PD: the adjusted OR was 1.57 (95 % CI: 1.06 − 2.31). Compared with subjects with the CC or CA genotype of UCHL1 S18Y and the CC or CT genotype of SNCA SNP rs356220, those with the AA genotype of UCHL1 S18Y and the TT genotype of SNP rs356220 had a significantly increased risk of sporadic PD; the interaction, however, was not significant. Our previous investigation found significant inverse relationships between smoking and caffeine intake and PD in this population. There were no significant interactions between UCHL1 S18Y and smoking or caffeine intake affecting sporadic PD. Conclusions This study reveals that the UCHL1 S18Y variant is a risk factor for sporadic PD. We could not find evidence for interactions affecting sporadic PD between UCHL1 S18Y and SNCA SNP rs356220, smoking, or caffeine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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9
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Cartier AE, Ubhi K, Spencer B, Vazquez-Roque RA, Kosberg KA, Fourgeaud L, Kanayson P, Patrick C, Rockenstein E, Patrick GN, Masliah E. Differential effects of UCHL1 modulation on alpha-synuclein in PD-like models of alpha-synucleinopathy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34713. [PMID: 22514658 PMCID: PMC3326048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by genetic and environmental factors. Abnormal accumulation and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (a-syn) within neurons, and mutations in the a-syn and UCH-L1 genes have been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of PD. In light of recent reports suggesting an interaction between a-synuclein and UCH-L1, we investigated the effects of UCH-L1 inhibition on a-syn distribution and expression levels in primary neurons and hippocampal tissues derived from non transgenic (non tg) and a-syn over expressing tg mice. We show that suppression of UCH-L1 activity increased a-syn levels in control, non tg neurons, and resulted in a concomitant accumulation of presynaptic a-syn in these neurons. In contrast, blocking UCH-L1 activity in a-syn over expressing neurons decreased a-syn levels, and enhanced its synaptic clearance. In vitro studies verified the LDN-induced inhibition of UCH-L1 had minimal effect on LC3 (a marker of autophagy) in control cells, in cells over expressing a-syn UCH-L1 inhibition resulted in increased LC3 activity. These findings suggest a possible differential role of UCH-L1 function under normal and pathological conditions. Furthermore, in the context of a-syn-induced pathology, modulation of UCH-L1 activity could serve as a therapeutic tool to enhance the autophagy pathway and induce clearance of the observed accumulated/aggregated a-syn species in the PD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Cartier
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Neurobiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kiren Ubhi
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Brian Spencer
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ruben A. Vazquez-Roque
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Kori Ann Kosberg
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Fourgeaud
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Priya Kanayson
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Christina Patrick
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gentry N. Patrick
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Neurobiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Schulte C, Gasser T. Genetic basis of Parkinson's disease: inheritance, penetrance, and expression. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2011; 4:67-80. [PMID: 23776368 PMCID: PMC3681179 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s11639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease can be caused by rare familial genetic mutations, but in most cases it is likely to result from an interaction between multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. Over recent years, many variants in a growing number of genes involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease have been identified. Mutations in several genes have been shown to cause familial parkinsonism. In this review, we discuss 12 of them (SNCA, LRRK2, Parkin, PINK1, DJ1, ATP13A2, PLA2G6, FBXO7, UCHL1, GIGYF2, HTRA2, and EIF4G1). Additionally, six genes have been shown conclusively to be risk factors for sporadic Parkinson’s disease, and are also discussed (GBA, MAPT, BST1, PARK16, GAK, and HLA). Many more genes and genetic loci have been suggested, but need confirmation. There is evidence that pathways involved in the rare familial forms also play a role in the sporadic form, and that the respective genes might also be risk factors for sporadic Parkinson’s disease. The identification of genes involved in the development of Parkinson’s disease will improve our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, and will hopefully lead to new drug targets and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schulte
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
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Xiromerisiou G, Kyratzi E, Dardiotis E, Bozi M, Tsimourtou V, Stamboulis E, Ralli S, Vassilatis D, Gourbali V, Kountra PM, Fountas K, Papadimitriou A, Stefanis L, Hadjigeorgiou GM. Lack of association of the UCHL-1
gene with Parkinson's disease in a greek cohort: A haplotype-tagging approach. Mov Disord 2011; 26:1955-7. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.23694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Larsen K, Madsen LB, Bendixen C. Porcine UCHL1: genomic organization, chromosome localization and expression analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1095-103. [PMID: 21567194 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The human UCHL1 gene encodes the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase UCHL1, which comprises more than 2% of total brain protein. UCHL1 is a component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which degrades overexpressed and damaged proteins. Mutations in the UCHL1 gene are associated with susceptibility to and protection from Parkinson's disease. Here we report cloning, characterization, expression analysis and mapping of porcine UCHL1. The UCHL1 cDNA was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using oligonucleotide primers derived from in silico sequences. The porcine cDNA codes for a protein of 223 amino acids which shows a very high similarity to human (98%) and to mouse (97%) UCHL1. In addition, the genomic organization of the porcine UCHL1 gene was determined. The porcine UCHL1 gene was mapped to chromosome 8(½p21)-p23. Three SNPs were found in the porcine UCHL1 sequence. Expression analysis by quantitative real time RT-PCR demonstrated that porcine UCHL1 mRNA is differentially expressed in various organs and tissues and similar to its human counterpart. UCHL1 transcript is most abundant in brain tissues and in the spinal cord. The UCHL1 mRNA expression was also investigated in developing porcine embryos. UCHL1 transcript was detected as early as 40 days of gestation. A significant decrease in UCHL1 transcript was detected in basal ganglia from day 60 to day 115 of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knud Larsen
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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Wang L, Guo JF, Nie LL, Luo L, Zuo X, Shen L, Jiang H, Yan XX, Xia K, Pan Q, Tang BS. Case-control study of the UCH-L1 S18Y variant in sporadic Parkinson's disease in the Chinese population. J Clin Neurosci 2011; 18:541-4. [PMID: 21315600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2010.07.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 gene (UCH-L1) has been implicated in the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). In several previous studies, an S18Y (C54A) polymorphism in exon 3 of the UCH-L1 gene has been found to be protective against PD. We performed polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for DNA samples from 408 Chinese patients with PD and 398 Chinese healthy controls. For the S18Y variant, there was no significant difference either in the individual allele or genotype frequencies between cases and control subjects. Possession of the S18Y variant did not alter the risk of developing PD (odds ratio: 0.827; 95% confidence interval=0.596-1.147). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of age or sex distribution between the patients and controls (p>0.05). Overall, considering our present results together with those of our previous studies, we now have access to data from more than 1000 patients from different regions of China, supporting the conclusion that the S18Y polymorphism may not have a protective effect against PD in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Wang R, Zhang M, Zhou W, Ly PTT, Cai F, Song W. NF-κB signaling inhibits ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 gene expression. J Neurochem 2011; 116:1160-70. [PMID: 21210816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that plays a regulatory role in targeting proteins for proteasomal degradation. UCH-L1 is highly expressed in neurons and has been demonstrated to promote cell viability and maintain neuronal integrity. Reduced UCH-L1 levels have been observed in various neurodegenerative diseases, and expression of UCH-L1 can rescue synaptic dysfunction and memory deficits in Alzheimer's Disease model mice. However, the mechanisms regulating UCH-L1 expression have not been determined. In this study, we cloned a 1782 bp of the 5' flanking region of the human UCH-L1 gene and identified a 43 bp fragment containing the transcription start site as the minimal region necessary for promoter activity. Sequence analysis revealed several putative regulatory elements including NF-κB, NFAT, CREB, NRSF, YY1, AP1, and STAT in the UCH-L1 promoter. A functional NF-κB response element was identified in the UCH-L1 promoter region. Expression of NF-κB suppressed UCH-L1 gene transcription. In the RelA knockout system where NF-κB activity is ablated, UCH-L1 expression was significantly increased. Furthermore, activation of NF-κB signaling by the inflammatory stimulator lipopolysaccharide and TNFα resulted in a decrease of UCH-L1 gene expression by inhibiting its transcription. As NF-κB is an important signaling module in inflammatory response, our study suggests a possibility that inflammation might compromise neuronal functions via the interaction of NF-κB and UCH-L1. A better understanding of the NF-κB-regulated UCH-L1 transcription will provide insights to the role of inflammatory responses in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruitao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Center, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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15
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Rudolph T, Sjölander A, Palmér MS, Minthon L, Wallin A, Andreasen N, Tasa G, Juronen E, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Zetterberg M. Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 (UCHL1) S18Y polymorphism in patients with cataracts. Ophthalmic Genet 2011; 32:75-9. [PMID: 21268678 PMCID: PMC3116718 DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2010.544360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Cataract is characterized by light-scattering protein aggregates. The ubiquitin-proteasome system has been proposed a role in proteolytic removal of these protein aggregates. Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 (UCHL1) is a de-ubiquitinating enzyme with important functions in recycling of ubiquitin. A protective role of the p.S18Y polymorphism of the UCHL1 gene has been shown in Parkinson's disease. The current study aimed to examine possible effects on cataract formation. Methods: Patients with cataract (n = 493) and controls (n = 142) were analyzed for the UCHL1 p.S18Y polymorphism using dynamic allele-specific hybridization. Results: Significant differences were observed in allele and genotype frequencies of the p.S18Y polymorphism between controls and cataract patients, where a positive UCHL1 allele A carrier status was associated with the cataract diagnosis (adjusted OR 1.7 [95% CI = 1.1-2.6] p = 0.02). No significant differences were seen in genotype distribution when stratifying for type of cataract. Nor did the mean age at cataract surgery differ between genotypes. Conclusion: The current study does not support a protective role for the UCHL1 S18Y polymorphism in cataract development, but may instead suggest a disease-promoting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiemo Rudolph
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section of Ophthalmology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
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Schapira AHV. Challenges to the development of disease-modifying therapies in Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Neurol 2011; 18 Suppl 1:16-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03324.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Zetterberg M, Sjölander A, von Otter M, Palmér MS, Landgren S, Minthon L, Wallin A, Andreasen N, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) S18Y polymorphism in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2010; 5:11. [PMID: 20302621 PMCID: PMC2848225 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-5-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by protein aggregates, i.e. senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The ubiquitin-proteasome system has been proposed a role in proteolytic removal of these protein aggregates. Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is a de-ubiquitinating enzyme with important functions in recycling of ubiquitin. The S18Y polymorphism of the UCHL1 gene confers protection against Parkinson's disease. In this study, the genotype and allele frequencies of the UCHL1 S18Y polymorphism were investigated in 452 AD patients and 234 control subjects, recruited from four memory clinics in Sweden. Using a binary logistic regression model including UCHL1 allele A and APOE ε4 allele positivity, age and sex as covariates with AD diagnosis as dependent variable, an adjusted OR of 0.82 ([95% CI 0.55-1.24], P = 0.35) was obtained for a positive UCHL1 allele A carrier status. The present study thus do not support a protective effect of the UCHL1 S18Y polymorphism against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Ophthalmology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
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18
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Wu YR, Chen CM, Chen YC, Chao CY, Ro LS, Fung HC, Hsiao YC, Hu FJ, Lee-Chen GJ. Ubiquitin specific proteases USP24 and USP40 and ubiquitin thiolesterase UCHL1 polymorphisms have synergic effect on the risk of Parkinson's disease among Taiwanese. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:955-8. [PMID: 20302855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Revised: 02/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired ubiquitin-proteasome system function may contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS We conducted a case-control study in a cohort of 517 PD cases and 518 ethnically matched controls to investigate the association of ubiquitin specific proteases USP24 rs487230 C>T, USP40 rs1048603 C>T, and ubiquitin thiolesterase UCHL1 rs5030732 A>C polymorphisms with the risk of PD. RESULTS No significant difference in the genotype or allele distribution was found between PD and controls. After stratification by age, the genotype and allele frequencies of USP24 rs487230 are significantly different between PD and controls >or=60 years of age (P=0.035 and 0.013, respectively). Multivariable logistic regression with adjusting for onset age and sex showed that, in a dominant model, USP24 T-carrying genotype was associated with risk reduction in developing PD in individuals >or=60 years of age (OR=0.61; 95% CI=0.41-0.90, P=0.010). This is also true for T allele (OR=0.64; 95% CI=0.44-0.91, P=0.023). When examining the interaction between genes on PD risk without age stratification, the protective effect of USP24 CT/TT genotype on PD risks was strengthened by the USP40 T-carrying genotype (OR=0.42; 95% CI=0.22-0.81, P=0.009) and UCHL1 C-carrying genotype (OR=0.67; 95% CI=0.47-0.97, P=0.032). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that USP24 alone plays a role in PD susceptibility among Taiwanese people >or=60 years of age, or acting synergistically with USP40 and UCHL1 in the total subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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19
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Ragland M, Hutter C, Zabetian C, Edwards K. Association between the ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 gene (UCHL1) S18Y variant and Parkinson's Disease: a HuGE review and meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2009; 170:1344-57. [PMID: 19864305 PMCID: PMC2778765 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwp288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 gene, UCHL1, located on chromosome 4p14, has been studied as a potential candidate gene for Parkinson's disease risk. The authors conducted a Human Genome Epidemiology review and meta-analysis of published case-control studies of the UCHL1 S18Y variant and Parkinson's disease in Asian and Caucasian samples. The meta-analysis of studies in populations of Asian ancestry showed a statistically significant association between the Y allele and reduced risk of Parkinson's disease under a recessive model (odds ratio (OR) for YY vs. SY + SS = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67, 0.94; P = 0.006). For a dominant model, the association was not significant in Asian populations (OR for YY + SY vs. SS = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.68, 1.14; P = 0.33). For populations of European ancestry, the meta-analysis showed a significant association between the Y allele and decreased risk of Parkinson's disease under a dominant model (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81, 0.98; P = 0.02) but not under a recessive model (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.66, 1.30; P = 0.65). Using the Venice criteria, developed by the Human Genome Epidemiology Network Working Group on the assessment of cumulative evidence, the authors concluded that moderate evidence exists for an association between the S18Y variant and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karen Edwards
- Correspondence to Dr. Karen Edwards, University of Washington, Center for Genomics and Public Health, Box 354921, 6200 NE 74th Street, Building 29, Suite 250, Seattle, WA 98115 (e-mail: )
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20
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Tan EK, Lu CS, Peng R, Teo YY, Wu-Chou YH, Chen RS, Weng YH, Chen CM, Fung HC, Tan LC, Zhang ZJ, An XK, Lee-Chen GJ, Lee MC, Fook-Chong S, Burgunder JM, Wu RM, Wu YR. Analysis of the UCHL1 genetic variant in Parkinson's disease among Chinese. Neurobiol Aging 2009; 31:2194-6. [PMID: 19329225 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The inverse association of the functional ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) S18Y variant with Parkinson's disease (PD) among Caucasian populations has been debated. We conducted a large-scale analysis to investigate the age-of-onset effect of the UCHL1 variant in PD among ethnic Chinese. Individual data sets from 5 centers comprising a total of 4088 study subjects were analyzed. In the univariate analysis, only data from 1 center showed a trend towards a protective effect among young subjects. However, in the combined analysis, no significant association between the UCHL1 variant and PD was detected (A allele frequency 0.531 vs. 0.528, p=0.87, OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.92-1.1). Among subjects less than 60 years old, the OR is 0.99 (95% CI 0.84-1.16, p=0.88). A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that family history, UCHL1 variant and the interaction of UCHL1 variant and age at onset (p=0.816) were not significantly associated with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Tan
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore.
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21
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Zhang ZJ, Burgunder JM, An XK, Wu Y, Chen WJ, Zhang JH, Wang YC, Xu YM, Gou YR, Yuan GG, Mao XY, Peng R. Lack of evidence for association of a UCH-L1 S18Y polymorphism with Parkinson's disease in a Han-Chinese population. Neurosci Lett 2008; 442:200-2. [PMID: 18638528 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/06/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mutation in UCH-L1 has been reported as a rare cause of autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD). A S18Y polymorphism in the same gene has been associated with sporadic PD. We investigated the frequency of this polymorphism among the Han-Chinese ethnic population in a case-control study. A total of 600 patients with PD and 334 unrelated healthy controls were genotyped using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. We did not observe any difference in allele or genotype frequencies between the cases and the controls (P>0.05). Our results do not support a role for this variant in sporadic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-J Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Chengdu, China
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Douglas DS, Popko B. Mouse forward genetics in the study of the peripheral nervous system and human peripheral neuropathy. Neurochem Res 2008; 34:124-37. [PMID: 18481175 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-008-9719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Forward genetics, the phenotype-driven approach to investigating gene identity and function, has a long history in mouse genetics. Random mutations in the mouse transcend bias about gene function and provide avenues towards unique discoveries. The study of the peripheral nervous system is no exception; from historical strains such as the trembler mouse, which led to the identification of PMP22 as a human disease gene causing multiple forms of peripheral neuropathy, to the more recent identification of the claw paw and sprawling mutations, forward genetics has long been a tool for probing the physiology, pathogenesis, and genetics of the PNS. Even as spontaneous and mutagenized mice continue to enable the identification of novel genes, provide allelic series for detailed functional studies, and generate models useful for clinical research, new methods, such as the piggyBac transposon, are being developed to further harness the power of forward genetics.
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McCulloch CC, Kay DM, Factor SA, Samii A, Nutt JG, Higgins DS, Griffith A, Roberts JW, Leis BC, Montimurro JS, Zabetian CP, Payami H. Exploring gene-environment interactions in Parkinson's disease. Hum Genet 2008; 123:257-65. [PMID: 18210157 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-008-0466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore combined effects of four candidate susceptibility genes and two exposures on Parkinson's disease (PD) risk; namely, alpha-synuclein (SNCA) promoter polymorphism REP1, microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) H1/H2 haplotypes, apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon2/epsilon3/epsilon4 polymorphism, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal esterase L1 (UCHL1) S18Y variant, cigarette smoking and caffeinated coffee consumption. 932 PD patients and 664 control subjects from the NeuroGenetics Research Consortium, with complete data on all six factors, were studied. Uniform protocols were used for diagnosis, recruitment, data collection and genotyping. A logistic regression model which included gene-exposure interactions was applied. Likelihood ratio tests (LRTs) were used for significance testing and Bayesian inference was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs). MAPT (P = 0.007), SNCA REP1 (P = 0.012), smoking (P = 0.001), and coffee (P = 0.011) were associated with PD risk. Two novel interactions were detected: APOE with coffee (P = 0.005), and REP1 with smoking (P = 0.021). While the individual main effects were modest, each yielding OR < 1.6, the effects were cumulative, with some combinations reaching OR = 12.6 (95% CI: 5.9-26.8). This study provides evidence for the long-held notion that PD risk is modulated by cumulative and interactive effects of genes and exposures. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that while interaction studies are useful for exploring risk relationships that might otherwise go undetected, results should be interpreted with caution because of the inherent loss of power due to multiple testing. The novel findings of this study that warrant replication are the evidence for interaction of coffee with APOE, and of smoking with REP1 on PD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin C McCulloch
- Applied Statistics Laboratory, General Electric Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, USA
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