1
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German A, Jukic J, Laner A, Arnold P, Socher E, Mennecke A, Schmidt MA, Winkler J, Abicht A, Regensburger M. Novel Homozygous FA2H Variant Causing the Full Spectrum of Fatty Acid Hydroxylase-Associated Neurodegeneration (SPG35). Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:14. [PMID: 38275596 PMCID: PMC10815826 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration (FAHN/SPG35) is caused by pathogenic variants in FA2H and has been linked to a continuum of specific motor and non-motor neurological symptoms, leading to progressive disability. As an ultra-rare disease, its mutational spectrum has not been fully elucidated. Here, we present the prototypical workup of a novel FA2H variant, including clinical and in silico validation. An 18-year-old male patient presented with a history of childhood-onset progressive cognitive impairment, as well as progressive gait disturbance and lower extremity muscle cramps from the age of 15. Additional symptoms included exotropia, dystonia, and limb ataxia. Trio exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous c.75C>G (p.Cys25Trp) missense variant in the FA2H gene, which was located in the cytochrome b5 heme-binding domain. Evolutionary conservation, prediction models, and structural protein modeling indicated a pathogenic loss of function. Brain imaging showed characteristic features, thus fulfilling the complete multisystem neurodegenerative phenotype of FAHN/SPG35. In summary, we here present a novel FA2H variant and provide prototypical clinical findings and structural analyses underpinning its pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander German
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jelena Jukic
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Laner
- MGZ—Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, 80335 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eileen Socher
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angelika Mennecke
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel A. Schmidt
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angela Abicht
- MGZ—Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, 80335 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Regensburger
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Identification of novel mutations by targeted NGS in Moroccan families clinically diagnosed with a neuromuscular disorder. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 524:51-58. [PMID: 34852264 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The identification of underlying genes of genetic conditions has expanded greatly in the past decades, which has broadened the field of genes responsible for inherited neuromuscular diseases. We aimed to investigate mutations associated with neuromuscular disorders phenotypes in 2 Moroccan families. MATERIAL AND METHODS Next-generation sequencing combined with Sanger sequencing could assist with understanding the hereditary variety and underlying disease mechanisms in these disorders. RESULTS Two novel homozygous mutations were described in this study. The SIL1 mutation is the first identified in the Moroccan population, the mutation was identified as the main cause of Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome in one patient. While the second mutation identified in the fatty acid 2-hydroxylase gene (FA2H) was associated with the Spastic paraplegia 35 in another patient, both transmitted in an autosomal recessive pattern. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These conditions are extremely rare in the North African population and may be underdiagnosed due to overlapping clinical characteristics and heterogeneity of these diseases. We have reported in this study mutations associated with the diseases found in the patients. In addition, we have narrowed the phenotypic spectrum, as well as the diagnostic orientation of patients with neuromuscular disorders, who might have very similar symptoms to other disease groups.
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3
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Two novel biallelic variants in
TECPR2
and
FA2H
genes causing complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia in Iranian families from Lur ethnicity: Case series. Clin Case Rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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4
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Dosi C, Pasquariello R, Ticci C, Astrea G, Trovato R, Rubegni A, Tessa A, Cioni G, Santorelli FM, Battini R. Neuroimaging patterns in paediatric onset hereditary spastic paraplegias. J Neurol Sci 2021; 425:117441. [PMID: 33866115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs with a notable phenotypic variation and an autosomal recessive (AR), autosomal dominant (AD), and X-linked inheritance pattern. The recent clinical use of next generation sequencing methods has facilitated the diagnostic approach to HSPs, but the diagnosis remains quite challenging considering its wide clinical and genetic heterogeneity. In this scenario, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) emerges as a valuable tool in helping to exclude mimicking disorders and to guide genetic testing. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of possible patterns of morphostructural MRI findings that may provide relevant clues for a specific genetic HSP subtype. In our cohort, for example, white matter abnormalities were the most common finding followed by the thinning of the corpus callosum, which, interestingly, presented different thinning characteristics depending on the HSP subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Dosi
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Ticci
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Guja Astrea
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosanna Trovato
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Rubegni
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Cioni
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56125 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Battini
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56125 Pisa, Italy.
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5
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FA2H Mutations in a Young Adult Presenting as an Isolated Cognitive Impairment Syndrome. Can J Neurol Sci 2020; 47:858-860. [PMID: 32624042 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2020.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Rattay TW, Lindig T, Baets J, Smets K, Deconinck T, Söhn AS, Hörtnagel K, Eckstein KN, Wiethoff S, Reichbauer J, Döbler-Neumann M, Krägeloh-Mann I, Auer-Grumbach M, Plecko B, Münchau A, Wilken B, Janauschek M, Giese AK, De Bleecker JL, Ortibus E, Debyser M, Lopez de Munain A, Pujol A, Bassi MT, D'Angelo MG, De Jonghe P, Züchner S, Bauer P, Schöls L, Schüle R. FAHN/SPG35: a narrow phenotypic spectrum across disease classifications. Brain 2020; 142:1561-1572. [PMID: 31135052 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum enzyme fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H) plays a major role in the formation of 2-hydroxy glycosphingolipids, main components of myelin. FA2H deficiency in mice leads to severe central demyelination and axon loss. In humans it has been associated with phenotypes from the neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration, FAHN), hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP type SPG35) and leukodystrophy (leukodystrophy with spasticity and dystonia) spectrum. We performed an in-depth clinical and retrospective neurophysiological and imaging study in a cohort of 19 cases with biallelic FA2H mutations. FAHN/SPG35 manifests with early childhood onset predominantly lower limb spastic tetraparesis and truncal instability, dysarthria, dysphagia, cerebellar ataxia, and cognitive deficits, often accompanied by exotropia and movement disorders. The disease is rapidly progressive with loss of ambulation after a median of 7 years after disease onset and demonstrates little interindividual variability. The hair of FAHN/SPG35 patients shows a bristle-like appearance; scanning electron microscopy of patient hair shafts reveals deformities (longitudinal grooves) as well as plaque-like adhesions to the hair, likely caused by an abnormal sebum composition also described in a mouse model of FA2H deficiency. Characteristic imaging features of FAHN/SPG35 can be summarized by the 'WHAT' acronym: white matter changes, hypointensity of the globus pallidus, ponto-cerebellar atrophy, and thin corpus callosum. At least three of four imaging features are present in 85% of FA2H mutation carriers. Here, we report the first systematic, large cohort study in FAHN/SPG35 and determine the phenotypic spectrum, define the disease course and identify clinical and imaging biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim W Rattay
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and Center for Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Lindig
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Katrien Smets
- Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tine Deconinck
- Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anne S Söhn
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin N Eckstein
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and Center for Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Wiethoff
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and Center for Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Reichbauer
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and Center for Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marion Döbler-Neumann
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Michaela Auer-Grumbach
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma-Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Division of Child Neurology, University Childrens Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Münchau
- Department of Pediatric and Adult Movement Disorders and Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bernd Wilken
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Klinikum Kassel, Germany
| | - Marc Janauschek
- Department for Social Pediatrics, Kinderhospital Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Giese
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Els Ortibus
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martine Debyser
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adolfo Lopez de Munain
- CIBERNED, Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain.,Neuroscience Area, Institute Biodonostia, and Department of Neurosciences, University of Basque Country EHU-UPV, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, 08908, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Bassi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia D'Angelo
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Neuromuscular Unit, 23842 Bosisio Parini , Lecco, Italy
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stephan Züchner
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL33136 Miami, USA.,Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, FL33136 Miami, USA
| | - Peter Bauer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,CENTOGENE AG, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and Center for Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schüle
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and Center for Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
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7
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Incecik F, Besen S, Bozdogan ST. Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Type 35 with a Novel Mutation in Fatty Acid 2-Hydroxylase Gene and Literature Review of the Clinical Features. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2018; 21:335-339. [PMID: 30532373 PMCID: PMC6238570 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_106_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Incecik
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Seyda Besen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sevcan Tug Bozdogan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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8
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Mari F, Berti B, Romano A, Baldacci J, Rizzi R, Grazia Alessandrì M, Tessa A, Procopio E, Rubegni A, Lourenḉo CM, Simonati A, Guerrini R, Santorelli FM. Clinical and neuroimaging features of autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia 35 (SPG35): case reports, new mutations, and brief literature review. Neurogenetics 2018; 19:123-130. [DOI: 10.1007/s10048-018-0538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Pavese N, Tai YF. Genetic and degenerative disorders primarily causing other movement disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2016; 135:507-523. [PMID: 27432681 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53485-9.00025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we will discuss the contributions of structural and functional imaging to the diagnosis and management of genetic and degenerative diseases that lead to the occurrence of movement disorders. We will mainly focus on Huntington's disease, Wilson's disease, dystonia, and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, as they are the more commonly encountered clinical conditions within this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pavese
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK; Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - Yen F Tai
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
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10
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Marelli C, Salih MA, Nguyen K, Mallaret M, Leboucq N, Hassan HH, Drouot N, Labauge P, Koenig M. Cerebral Iron Accumulation Is Not a Major Feature of FA2H/SPG35. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2015; 2:56-60. [PMID: 30713878 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the fatty-acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H) gene cause an autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia (SPG35), often associating with cerebellar ataxia; cerebral MRI may show iron accumulation in the basal ganglia, leading to the inclusion of SPG35 among the causes of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. This finding was initially considered strongly relevant for diagnosis, although its frequency is not yet established. We found 5 novel patients (from two families) with mutations in the FA2H gene: none of them showed cerebral iron accumulation (T2-weighted images performed in all; T2 gradient-echo in 2); notably, in 1 case, iron accumulation was absent even after 18 years from disease onset on both T2 gradient-echo and susceptibility-weight MRI sequences. Cerebral iron accumulation is not a prominent feature in SPG35 and is not always dependent on disease duration; its absence should not discourage from evoking this diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Marelli
- Department of Neurology University Hospital Gui de Chauliac Montpellier France
| | - Mustafa A Salih
- Division of Pediatric Neurology Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Karine Nguyen
- Department of Medical Genetics University Hospital "Timone Enfants" Marseille France
| | - Martial Mallaret
- Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology INSERM U964 CNRS UMR7104 University of Strasbourg Illkirch France.,Department of Neurology Strasbourg University Hospital Strasbourg France
| | - Nicolas Leboucq
- Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital Gui de Chauliac Montpellier France
| | - Hamdy H Hassan
- Department of Radiology King Khalid University Hospital and College of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Nathalie Drouot
- Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology INSERM U964 CNRS UMR7104 University of Strasbourg Illkirch France
| | - Pierre Labauge
- Department of Neurology University Hospital Gui de Chauliac Montpellier France
| | - Michel Koenig
- Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology INSERM U964 CNRS UMR7104 University of Strasbourg Illkirch France.,University Institute of Clinical Research INSERM UMR_S 827 and Laboratoire de Genetique Moleculaire University Hospital Montpellier France
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11
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Astudillo L, Sabourdy F, Therville N, Bode H, Ségui B, Andrieu-Abadie N, Hornemann T, Levade T. Human genetic disorders of sphingolipid biosynthesis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:65-76. [PMID: 25141825 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Monogenic defects of sphingolipid biosynthesis have been recently identified in human patients. These enzyme deficiencies affect the synthesis of sphingolipid precursors, ceramides or complex glycosphingolipids. They are transmitted as autosomal recessive or dominant traits, and their resulting phenotypes often replicate the abnormalities seen in murine models deficient for the corresponding enzymes. In quite good agreement with the known critical roles of sphingolipids in cells from the nervous system and the epidermis, these genetic defects clinically manifest as neurological disorders, including paraplegia, epilepsy or peripheral neuropathies, or present with ichthyosis. The present review summarizes the genetic alterations, biochemical changes and clinical symptoms of this new group of inherited metabolic disorders. Hypotheses regarding the molecular pathophysiology and potential treatments of these diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Astudillo
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Team n 4, CHU Rangueil, BP, 84225, 31432, Toulouse, France
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12
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Rukova B, Staneva R, Hadjidekova S, Stamenov G, Milanova V, Toncheva D. Whole genome methylation analyses of schizophrenia patients before and after treatment. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:518-524. [PMID: 26019538 PMCID: PMC4434134 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.933501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aetiology of schizophrenia is still unknown but it involves both heritable and non-heritable factors. DNA methylation is an inheritable epigenetic modification that stably alters gene expression. It takes part in the regulation of neurodevelopment and may be a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of brain diseases. It was found that many of the antipsychotic drugs may lead to epigenetic modifications. We have performed 42 high-resolution genome-wide methylation array analyses to determine the methylation status of 27,627 CpG islands. Differentially methylated regions were studied with samples from 20 Bulgarian individuals divided in four groups according to their gender (12 males/8 females) and their treatment response (6 in complete/14 in incomplete remission). They were compared to two age and sex matched control pools (110 females in female pool/110 males in male pool) before and after treatment. We found significant differences in the methylation profiles between male schizophrenia patients with complete remission and control male pool before treatment (C16orf70, CST3, DDRGK1, FA2H, FLJ30058, MFSD2B, RFX4, UBE2J1, ZNF311) and male schizophrenia patients with complete remission and control male pool after treatment (AP1S3, C16orf59, KCNK15, LOC146336, MGC16384, XRN2) that potentially could be used as target genes for new therapeutic strategies as well as markers for good treatment response. Our data revealed major differences in methylation profiles between male schizophrenia patients in complete remission before and after treatment and healthy controls which supports the hypothesis that antipsychotic drugs may play a role in epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaga Rukova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Sofia , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Rada Staneva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Sofia , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Savina Hadjidekova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Sofia , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | | | - Vihra Milanova
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Sofia , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Draga Toncheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Sofia , Sofia , Bulgaria
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13
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Pensato V, Castellotti B, Gellera C, Pareyson D, Ciano C, Nanetti L, Salsano E, Piscosquito G, Sarto E, Eoli M, Moroni I, Soliveri P, Lamperti E, Chiapparini L, Di Bella D, Taroni F, Mariotti C. Overlapping phenotypes in complex spastic paraplegias SPG11, SPG15, SPG35 and SPG48. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:1907-20. [PMID: 24833714 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders, clinically classified in pure and complex forms. Genetically, more than 70 different forms of spastic paraplegias have been characterized. A subgroup of complicate recessive forms has been distinguished for the presence of thin corpus callosum and white matter lesions at brain imaging. This group includes several genetic entities, but most of the cases are caused by mutations in the KIAA1840 (SPG11) and ZFYVE26 genes (SPG15). We studied a cohort of 61 consecutive patients with complicated spastic paraplegias, presenting at least one of the following features: mental retardation, thin corpus callosum and/or white matter lesions. DNA samples were screened for mutations in the SPG11/KIAA1840, SPG15/ZFYVE26, SPG21/ACP33, SPG35/FA2H, SPG48/AP5Z1 and SPG54/DDHD2 genes by direct sequencing. Sequence variants were found in 30 of 61 cases: 16 patients carried SPG11/KIAA1840 gene variants (26.2%), nine patients carried SPG15/ZFYVE26 variants (14.8%), three patients SPG35/FA2H (5%), and two patients carried SPG48/AP5Z1 gene variants (3%). Mean age at onset was similar in patients with SPG11 and with SPG15 (range 11-36), and the phenotype was mostly indistinguishable. Extrapyramidal signs were observed only in patients with SPG15, and epilepsy in three subjects with SPG11. Motor axonal neuropathy was found in 60% of cases with SPG11 and 70% of cases with SPG15. Subjects with SPG35 had intellectual impairment, spastic paraplegia, thin corpus callosum, white matter hyperintensities, and cerebellar atrophy. Two families had a late-onset presentation, and none had signs of brain iron accumulation. The patients with SPG48 were a 5-year-old child, homozygous for a missense SPG48/AP5Z1 variant, and a 51-year-old female, carrying two different nonsense variants. Both patients had intellectual deficits, thin corpus callosum and white matter lesions. None of the cases in our cohort carried mutations in the SPG21/ACP33 and SPG54/DDH2H genes. Our study confirms that the phenotype of patients with SPG11 and with SPG15 is homogeneous, whereas cases with SPG35 and with SPG48 cases present overlapping features, and a broader clinical spectrum. The large group of non-diagnosed subjects (51%) suggests further genetic heterogeneity. The observation of common clinical features in association with defects in different causative genes, suggest a general vulnerability of the corticospinal tract axons to a wide spectrum of cellular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Pensato
- 1 Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Castellotti
- 1 Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- 1 Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Pareyson
- 2 Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Ciano
- 3 Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nanetti
- 1 Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Salsano
- 2 Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piscosquito
- 2 Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Sarto
- 1 Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marica Eoli
- 4 Molecular Neuro-Oncology Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Moroni
- 5 Paediatric Neurology Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Soliveri
- 6 Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Lamperti
- 7 Neuro-Oncology Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Chiapparini
- 8 Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Bella
- 1 Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Taroni
- 1 Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- 1 Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
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14
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Liao X, Luo Y, Zhan Z, Du J, Hu Z, Wang J, Guo J, Hu Z, Yan X, Pan Q, Xia K, Tang B, Shen L. SPG35 contributes to the second common subtype of AR-HSP in China: frequency analysis and functional characterization of FA2H gene mutations. Clin Genet 2014; 87:85-9. [PMID: 24359114 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) encompass a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, mutations in fatty acid 2-hydroxylase gene (FA2H) have been identified responsible for HSPs type 35 (SPG35). This study aims to define the contribution of FA2H to Chinese autosomal recessive HSP (AR-HSP) patients and provide insights into the enzymatic functions of the novel mutations. Direct sequencing of FA2H was conducted in 31 AR-HSP families and 55 sporadic cases without SPG11, SPG15, SPG5 and SPG7 gene mutations. Enzymatic activity of the mutated proteins was further examined. Three novel mutations were found in two Chinese families, including two compound heterozygous mutations (c.388C>T/p.L130F and c.506+6C>G) and one homozygous mutation (c.230T>G/p.L77R). The c.506+6C>G splice-site mutation led to the deletion of exon 3. Measurement of enzymatic functions revealed a significant reduction in the enzymatic activity of FA2H associated with p.L130F and p.L77R. Overall, our data widens the spectrum of the mutations on FA2H, and functional analyses indicate that these mutations severely impair the enzymatic activity of FA2H. Furthermore, frequency analysis shows that SPG35 is the second most common subtype of AR-HSP in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Scheid I, Maruani A, Huguet G, Leblond CS, Nygren G, Anckarsäter H, Beggiato A, Rastam M, Amsellem F, Gillberg IC, Elmaleh M, Leboyer M, Gillberg C, Betancur C, Coleman M, Hama H, Cook EH, Bourgeron T, Delorme R. Heterozygous FA2H mutations in autism spectrum disorders. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 14:124. [PMID: 24299421 PMCID: PMC4219428 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread abnormalities in white matter development are frequently reported in cases of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and could be involved in the disconnectivity suggested in these disorders. Homozygous mutations in the gene coding for fatty-acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H), an enzyme involved in myelin synthesis, are associated with complex leukodystrophies, but little is known about the functional impact of heterozygous FA2H mutations. We hypothesized that rare deleterious heterozygous mutations of FA2H might constitute risk factors for ASD. METHODS We searched deleterious mutations affecting FA2H, by genotyping 1256 independent patients with ASD genotyped using Genome Wide SNP arrays, and also by sequencing in independent set of 186 subjects with ASD and 353 controls. We then explored the impact of the identified mutations by measuring FA2H enzymatic activity and expression, in transfected COS7 cells. RESULTS One heterozygous deletion within 16q22.3-q23.1 including FA2H was observed in two siblings who share symptoms of autism and severe cognitive impairment, axial T2-FLAIR weighted MRI posterior periventricular white matter lesions. Also, two rare non-synonymous mutations (R113W and R113Q) were reported. Although predictive models suggested that R113W should be a deleterious, we did not find that FA2H activity was affected by expression of the R113W mutation in cultured COS cells. CONCLUSIONS While our results do not support a major role for FA2H coding variants in ASD, a screening of other genes related to myelin synthesis would allow us to better understand the role of non-neuronal elements in ASD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Scheid
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA2182, Paris, France
- APHP, Robert Debré Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
| | - Anna Maruani
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA2182, Paris, France
- APHP, Robert Debré Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA2182, Paris, France
| | - Claire S Leblond
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA2182, Paris, France
| | - Gudrun Nygren
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Anita Beggiato
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA2182, Paris, France
- APHP, Robert Debré Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
- Fondation FondaMental, French National Science Foundation, Creteil, France
| | - Maria Rastam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fréderique Amsellem
- APHP, Robert Debré Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
- INSERM U955, Psychiatry Genetics, Créteil, France
| | - I Carina Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Monique Elmaleh
- APHP, Robert Debré Hospital Paediatric Imaging, Paris, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Fondation FondaMental, French National Science Foundation, Creteil, France
- INSERM U955, Psychiatry Genetics, Créteil, France
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Catalina Betancur
- INSERM U952, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR7224, Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Mary Coleman
- Foundation for Autism Research, Sarasota, Florida 34235-7117, USA
| | - Hiroko Hama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Edwin H Cook
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA2182, Paris, France
- University Denis Diderot Paris 7, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA2182, Paris, France
- APHP, Robert Debré Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
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16
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Kota V, Hama H. 2'-Hydroxy ceramide in membrane homeostasis and cell signaling. Adv Biol Regul 2013; 54:223-30. [PMID: 24139861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide is a precursor of complex sphingolipids and also plays important roles in cell signaling. With the advances in lipid analytical technologies, the structural diversity of ceramide species have become evident, and the complexity of cellular metabolism and function associated with distinct ceramide species is beginning to be revealed. One of the common structural variations of ceramide is 2'-hydroxylation of the N-acyl chain. Fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H) is one of the enzymes that introduce the hydroxyl group during de novo synthesis of ceramide. FA2H is essential for the normal functioning of the nervous system, as evidenced by demyelinating disorder associated with FA2H mutations in humans and mice. Studies of Fa2h mutant mice indicate that lack of 2'-hydroxy galactosylceramide in the myelin membrane results in loss of long-term stability of myelin and eventual demyelination. FA2H also regulates differentiation of various cell types (epidermal keratinocytes, schwannoma cells, adipocytes). When provided exogenously, ceramide induces apoptosis in many cell types. Interestingly, the effective concentration of 2'-hydroxy ceramide that induces apoptosis is significantly lower compared to non-hydroxy ceramide, and cells die much more rapidly, suggesting that 2'-hydroxy ceramide can mediate proapoptotic signaling distinct from non-hydroxy ceramide. Collectively, current evidence clearly shows that 2'-hydroxy ceramide and 2'-hydroxy complex sphingolipids have unique functions in membrane homeostasis and cell signaling that could not be substituted by non-hydroxy counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Kota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hiroko Hama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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17
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Donkervoort S, Dastgir J, Hu Y, Zein WM, Marks H, Blackstone C, Bönnemann CG. Phenotypic variability of a likely FA2H founder mutation in a family with complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia. Clin Genet 2013; 85:393-5. [PMID: 23745665 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Donkervoort
- Neurogenetics Branch, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
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18
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Cao L, Huang XJ, Chen CJ, Chen SD. A rare family with Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Type 35 due to novel FA2H mutations: A case report with literature review. J Neurol Sci 2013; 329:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Schneider SA, Bhatia KP. Excess iron harms the brain: the syndromes of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 120:695-703. [PMID: 23212724 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of iron metabolism is crucial: both iron deficiency and iron overload can cause disease. In recent years, our understanding of the syndromes of Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA) continues to grow considerably. These are characterized by excessive iron deposition in the brain, mainly the basal ganglia. Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN, NBIA1) and PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN, NBIA2) are the core syndromes, but several other genetic causes have been identified (including FA2H, C19orf12, ATP13A2, CP and FTL). These conditions show a wide clinical and pathological spectrum, with clinical overlap between the different NBIA disorders and other diseases including spastic paraplegias, leukodystrophies, and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Lewy body pathology was confirmed in some clinical subtypes (C19orf12-associated neurodegeneration and PLAN). Research aims at disentangling the various NBIA genes and their related pathways to move towards pathogenesis-targeted therapies. Until then treatment remains symptomatic. Here we will introduce the group of NBIA syndromes and review the main clinical features and investigational findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne A Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University Kiel, Arnold Heller Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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