1
|
Rawlings AV. 'Targeted dry skin treatment using a multifunctional moisturizer'. Int J Cosmet Sci 2021; 43:269-271. [PMID: 33598921 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
2
|
Keshavarzi F, Zajforoushan Moghaddam S, Barré Pedersen M, Østergaard Knudsen N, Jafarzadeh S, Thormann E. Water vapor permeation through topical films on a moisture‐releasing skin Model. Skin Res Technol 2020; 27:153-162. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Keshavarzi
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
- Riemann A/S Orkla Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Esben Thormann
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nisbet SJ, Targett D, Rawlings AV, Qian K, Wang X, Lin CB, Thompson MA, Bulsara PA, Moore DJ. Clinical and in vitro evaluation of new anti-redness cosmetic products in subjects with winter xerosis and sensitive skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2020; 41:534-547. [PMID: 31309600 PMCID: PMC6899962 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective To demonstrate the in vitro activities of panthenol, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), and niacinamide (NAM) and determine the biophysical properties, clinical safety, tolerability together with efficacy of two developmental anti‐redness (AR) formulations containing these ingredients, in alleviating facial redness associated with winter xerosis in healthy volunteers with sensitive skin. Methods The anti‐inflammatory and skin protective properties of panthenol, PEA and NAM were evaluated in vitro. The physical properties of the AR formulations were analysed using measurement of water vapour transport rate (WVTR) and infrared spectroscopy. Clinical studies were performed between the months of December and April (2014–2015) with efficacy assessed during the winter. Facial redness, irritation, sensitization potential, photo‐irritation, and photo‐sensitization were evaluated. Self‐assessed adverse reactions were reported in diaries of use. Results Panthenol and PEA reduced prostaglandin E2, interleukin‐6, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin levels in vitro, while NAM induced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels and the keratinocyte differentiation markers: filaggrin (2‐fold increase, P < 0.001), loricrin (2‐fold increase, P < 0.05), involucrin (2 fold increase, P < 0.001) & peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor‐alpha (1.5 fold increase, P < 0.05). The two AR products exhibited low WVTR vs. no treatment (P < 0.001) and displayed an ordered lipid structure. The day cream formulation protected against ultraviolet B radiation in vitro. A total of 382 participants were included in clinical studies which showed the AR formulations significantly improved facial redness associated with winter xerosis (Day 29 mean change from baseline: AR day cream 0.77 (P < 0.001); AR serum 0.67 (P < 0.001)). No irritation, sensitization, photo‐irritation, photo‐sensitization or product‐related adverse reactions were observed or reported in the clinical studies. Conclusion The new products significantly improved skin redness associated with winter xerosis in participants with self‐perceived sensitive skin. Both products were well tolerated with a suitable safety profile for topical use in subjects with sensitive skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Nisbet
- Skin Health Research & Development at GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Weybridge, Surrey, UK
| | - D Targett
- Primoris Contract Solutions Ltd., Ascot, Berkshire, UK
| | | | - K Qian
- Thomas J. Stephens & Associates, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - X Wang
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - C B Lin
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - M A Thompson
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Warren, NJ, USA
| | - P A Bulsara
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Warren, NJ, USA
| | - D J Moore
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Warren, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang A, Moore TC, Iacovella CR, Thompson M, Moore DJ, McCabe C. Examining Tail and Headgroup Effects on Binary and Ternary Gel-Phase Lipid Bilayer Structure. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:3043-3053. [PMID: 32196346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The structural properties of two- and three-component gel-phase bilayers were studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The bilayers contain distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) phospholipids mixed with alcohols and/or fatty acids of varying tail lengths, with carbon chain lengths of 12, 16, and 24 studied. Changes in both headgroup chemistry and tail length are found to affect the balance between steric repulsion and van der Waals attraction within the bilayers, manifesting in different bilayer structural properties. Lipid components are found to be located at different depths within the bilayer depending on both chain length and headgroup chemistry. The highest bilayer ordering and lowest area per tail are found in systems with medium-length tails. While longer tails can enhance van der Waals attractions, the increased tail-length asymmetry is found to induce disorder and reduce tail packing. Bulkier headgroups further increase steric repulsion, as reflected in increased component offsets and reduced tail packing. These findings help explain how bilayer composition affects the structure of gel-phase bilayers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States.,Multiscale Modeling and Simulation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Timothy C Moore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States.,Multiscale Modeling and Simulation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Christopher R Iacovella
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States.,Multiscale Modeling and Simulation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Michael Thompson
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Health Care, 184 Liberty Corner Road, Suite 200, Warren, New Jersey 07059, United States
| | - David J Moore
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Health Care, 184 Liberty Corner Road, Suite 200, Warren, New Jersey 07059, United States
| | - Clare McCabe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States.,Multiscale Modeling and Simulation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gledovic A, Janosevic Lezaic A, Krstonosic V, Djokovic J, Nikolic I, Bajuk-Bogdanovic D, Antic Stankovic J, Randjelovic D, Savic SM, Filipovic M, Tamburic S, Savic SD. Low-energy nanoemulsions as carriers for red raspberry seed oil: Formulation approach based on Raman spectroscopy and textural analysis, physicochemical properties, stability and in vitro antioxidant/ biological activity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230993. [PMID: 32298275 PMCID: PMC7161953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering a growing demand for medicinal/cosmetic products with natural actives, this study focuses on the low-energy nanoemulsions (LE-NEs) prepared via the Phase inversion composition (PIC) method at room temperature as potential carriers for natural oil. Four different red raspberry seed oils (ROs) were tested, as follows: cold-pressed vs. CO2-extracted, organic vs. non-organic, refined vs. unrefined. The oil phase was optimized with Tocopheryl acetate and Isostearyl isostearate, while water phase was adjusted with either glycerol or an antioxidant hydro-glycolic extract. This study has used a combined approach to formulation development, employing both conventional methods (pseudo-ternary phase diagram - PTPD, electrical conductivity, particle size measurements, microscopical analysis, and rheological measurements) and the methods novel to this area, such as textural analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy has detected fine differences in chemical composition among ROs, and it detected the interactions within nanoemulsions. It was shown that the cold-pressed, unrefined, organic grade oil (RO2) with 6.62% saturated fatty acids and 92.25% unsaturated fatty acids, was optimal for the LE-NEs. Textural analysis confirmed the existence of cubic gel-like phase as a crucial step in the formation of stable RO2-loaded LE-NEs, with droplets in the narrow nano-range (125 to 135 nm; PDI ≤ 0.1). The DPPH test in methanol and ABTS in aqueous medium have revealed a synergistic free radical scavenging effect between lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants in LE-NEs. The nanoemulsion carrier has improved the biological effect of raw materials on HeLa cervical adenocarcinoma cells, while exhibiting good safety profile, as confirmed on MRC-5 normal human lung fibroblasts. Overall, this study has shown that low-energy nanoemulsions present very promising carriers for topical delivery of natural bioactives. Raman spectroscopy and textural analysis have proven to be a useful addition to the arsenal of methods used in the formulation and characterization of nanoemulsion systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gledovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Janosevic Lezaic
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Instrumental Methods, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Veljko Krstonosic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Djokovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ines Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Jelena Antic Stankovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Randjelovic
- Department of Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Mila Filipovic
- Higher Education School of Professional Health Studies, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodanka Tamburic
- London College of Fashion, University of the Arts London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Snezana D. Savic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
3-O-ethyl l-ascorbic acid (EA), an ether derivative of Vitamin C, is widely used in skincare formulations. Previously, we reported the effects of neat solvents on EA percutaneous absorption and observed that 0.6–7.5% of the applied EA was delivered through the skin over 24 h. In this work, we designed complex formulations using combinations of solvents that may act synergistically and examined their impact on EA permeation in porcine skin in vitro under finite dose conditions. Binary combinations of propylene glycol (PG) with propylene glycol monolaurate (PGML) were effective in enhancing skin permeation of EA compared with individual solvents (p < 0.05). Combining PGML with 1,2-hexanediol (HEX) did not result in significantly higher EA permeation compared with the neat solvents (p > 0.05). Addition of the volatile solvent isopropyl alcohol (IPA) to PG solutions also did not improve EA skin delivery compared with neat PG. Ternary solvent systems containing PG:PGML were subsequently prepared by the addition of a lipophilic solvent, either isopropyl myristate (IPM), medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) or isostearyl isostearate (ISIS). The optimum vehicle, PG:PGML:IPM, promoted up to 70.9% skin delivery of EA. The PG:PGML:ISIS vehicles also promoted EA permeation across the skin, but to a significantly lesser extent than the IPM-containing vehicles. No enhancement of EA delivery was noted for the PG:PGML:MCT mixtures. These results will inform the development of targeted formulations for EA in the future.
Collapse
|
7
|
Dou J, Zeng J, Wu K, Tan W, Gao L, Lu J. Microbiosis in pathogenesis and intervention of atopic dermatitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 69:263-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
8
|
Hartkamp R, Moore TC, Iacovella CR, Thompson MA, Bulsara PA, Moore DJ, McCabe C. Composition Dependence of Water Permeation Across Multicomponent Gel-Phase Bilayers. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:3113-3123. [PMID: 29504755 PMCID: PMC6028149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The permeability
of multicomponent phospholipid bilayers in the
gel phase is investigated via molecular dynamics simulation. The physical
role of the different molecules is probed by comparing multiple mixed-component
bilayers containing distearylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) with varying
amounts of either the emollient isostearyl isostearate or long-chain
alcohol (dodecanol, octadecanol, or tetracosanol) molecules. Permeability
is found to depend on both the tail packing density and hydrogen bonding
between lipid headgroups and water. Whereas the addition of emollient
or alcohol molecules to a gel-phase DSPC bilayer can increase the
tail packing density, it also disturbed the hydrogen-bonding network,
which in turn can increase interfacial water dynamics. These phenomena
have opposing effects on bilayer permeability, which is found to depend
on the balance between enhanced tail packing and decreased hydrogen
bonding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remco Hartkamp
- Process & Energy Department , Delft University of Technology , Leeghwaterstraat 39 , 2628 CB Delft , The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Michael A Thompson
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare , 184 Liberty Corner Road , Suite 200, Warren , New Jersey 07059 , United States
| | - Pallav A Bulsara
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare , 184 Liberty Corner Road , Suite 200, Warren , New Jersey 07059 , United States
| | - David J Moore
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare , 184 Liberty Corner Road , Suite 200, Warren , New Jersey 07059 , United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pérez B, Hansen BS, Bulsara PA, Rawlings AV, Clarke MJ, Guo Z. Fractionated aliphatic alcohols as synthetic precursors of ultra long-chain monoacylglycerols for cosmetic applications. Int J Cosmet Sci 2017; 39:511-517. [PMID: 28493610 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xerosis is an abnormally dry and flaky skin condition that is associated with a change in the packing behaviour of the lipid matrix in the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the skin. This skin condition can lead to an increase in transepidermal water loss (TEWL). As ultralong-chain fatty acids have a positive effect on maintaining the packing behaviour of the SC lipid matrix, a moisturizer which contains glycerides of ultralong-chain fatty acids could act as a semi-occlusive layer on the surface of the skin. This will lower the rate of water evaporation through the epidermis and consequently help prevent or improve skin xerosis. OBJECTIVE To identify a novel source of ultralong-chain lipids and develop monoacylglycerols with mixed fatty acyl chain lengths that have occlusive properties superior to petrolatum. METHODS Initially, Performacol 425, a mixture of very long-chain fatty alcohols, was fractionated using short path distillation to yield a fraction enriched with C22:0-C26:0 fatty alcohols. The fatty alcohol fraction was then oxidized using Jones reagent, and the resulting fatty acids were esterified with glycerol to yield the corresponding monoglycerides using Novozym 435. These were then evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and water vapour transmission rate measurements. RESULTS The monoacylglycerols enriched with C22:0-C26:0 displayed a melting point of 80°C and orthorhombic packing; packing behaviour mainly present in healthy SC. In addition, a phospholipid-structured emulsion containing 3% of the monoglycerides displayed occlusive properties superior to the vehicle containing 3% petrolatum jelly. CONCLUSIONS Performacol 425 can be a potential source of fatty alcohols to synthesize monoacylglycerols that can improve the occlusive behaviour of phospholipid-structured emulsions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Pérez
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - B S Hansen
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - P A Bulsara
- Skin Health Innovation, GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Warren, 07059, NJ, USA
| | - A V Rawlings
- AVR Consulting Ltd, Northwich, Cheshire, CW9 8FH, UK
| | - M J Clarke
- Skin Health Innovation, GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Warren, 07059, NJ, USA
| | - Z Guo
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hartkamp R, Moore TC, Iacovella CR, Thompson MA, Bulsara PA, Moore DJ, McCabe C. Investigating the Structure of Multicomponent Gel-Phase Lipid Bilayers. Biophys J 2017; 111:813-823. [PMID: 27558724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Single- and multicomponent lipid bilayers of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DSPC), isostearyl isostearate, and heptadecanoyl heptadecanoate in the gel phase are studied via molecular dynamics simulations. It is shown that the structural properties of multicomponent bilayers can deviate strongly from the structures of their single-component counterparts. Specifically, the lipid mixtures are shown to adopt a compact packing by offsetting the positioning depths at which different lipid species are located in the bilayer. This packing mechanism affects the area per lipid, the bilayer height, and the chain tilt angles and has important consequences for other bilayer properties, such as interfacial hydrogen bonding and bilayer permeability. In particular, the simulations suggest that bilayers containing isostearyl isostearate or heptadecanoyl heptadecanoate are less permeable than pure 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine or DSPC bilayers. Furthermore, hydrogen-bond analysis shows that the residence times of lipid-water hydrogen bonds depend strongly on the bilayer composition, with longer residence times for bilayers that have a higher DSPC content. The findings illustrate and explain the fundamental differences between the properties of single- and multicomponent bilayers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remco Hartkamp
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Multiscale Modeling and Simulation (MuMS) Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Timothy C Moore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Multiscale Modeling and Simulation (MuMS) Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christopher R Iacovella
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Multiscale Modeling and Simulation (MuMS) Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - David J Moore
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Warren, New Jersey
| | - Clare McCabe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Multiscale Modeling and Simulation (MuMS) Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pérez B, Dahlgaard S, Bulsara P, Rawlings A, Jensen M, Dong M, Glasius M, Clarke M, Guo Z. Synthesis and characterization of O-acylated-ω-hydroxy fatty acids as skin-protecting barrier lipids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 490:137-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
12
|
Fiume MM, Heldreth BA, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Andersen FA. Safety Assessment of Alkyl Esters as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2016; 34:5S-69S. [PMID: 26362120 DOI: 10.1177/1091581815594027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) assessed the safety of 237 alkyl esters for use in cosmetics. The alkyl esters included in this assessment have a variety of reported functions in cosmetics, with skin-conditioning agent being the most common function. The Panel reviewed available animal and clinical data in making its determination of safety on these ingredients, and where there were data gaps, similarity in structure, properties, functions, and uses of these ingredients allowed for extrapolation of the available toxicological data to assess the safety of the entire group. The Panel concluded that these ingredients are safe in cosmetic formulations in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monice M Fiume
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Senior Scientific Analyst/Writer, Washington, DC, WA, USA
| | | | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V Belsito
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A Hill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Daniel C Liebler
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G Marks
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - F Alan Andersen
- Former Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Czarnowicki T, Malajian D, Khattri S, Correa da Rosa J, Dutt R, Finney R, Dhingra N, Xiangyu P, Xu H, Estrada YD, Zheng X, Gilleaudeau P, Sullivan-Whalen M, Suaréz-Fariñas M, Shemer A, Krueger JG, Guttman-Yassky E. Petrolatum: Barrier repair and antimicrobial responses underlying this "inert" moisturizer. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:1091-1102.e7. [PMID: 26431582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Petrolatum is a common moisturizer often used in the prevention of skin infections after ambulatory surgeries and as a maintenance therapy of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the molecular responses induced by petrolatum in the skin have never been assessed. OBJECTIVE We sought to define the cutaneous molecular and structural effects induced by petrolatum. METHODS Thirty-six healthy subjects and 13 patients with moderate AD (mean SCORAD score, 39) were studied by using RT-PCR, gene arrays, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence performed on control skin, petrolatum-occluded skin, and skin occluded with a Finn chamber only. RESULTS Significant upregulations of antimicrobial peptides (S100A8/fold change [FCH], 13.04; S100A9/FCH, 11.28; CCL20/FCH, 8.36; PI3 [elafin]/FCH, 15.40; lipocalin 2/FCH, 6.94, human β-defensin 2 [DEFB4A]/FCH, 4.96; P < .001 for all) and innate immune genes (IL6, IL8, and IL1B; P < .01) were observed in petrolatum-occluded skin compared with expression in both control and occluded-only skin. Application of petrolatum also induced expression of key barrier differentiation markers (filaggrin and loricrin), increased stratum corneum thickness, and significantly reduced T-cell infiltrates in the setting of "normal-appearing" or nonlesional AD skin, which is known to harbor barrier and immune defects. CONCLUSIONS Petrolatum robustly modulates antimicrobials and epidermal differentiation barrier measures. These data shed light on the beneficial molecular responses of petrolatum in barrier-defective states, such as AD and postoperative wound care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tali Czarnowicki
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Dana Malajian
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Saakshi Khattri
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Joel Correa da Rosa
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Riana Dutt
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Robert Finney
- Department of Dermatology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Nikhil Dhingra
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Peng Xiangyu
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Hui Xu
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Yeriel D Estrada
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Xiuzhong Zheng
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Patricia Gilleaudeau
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Mary Sullivan-Whalen
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Mayte Suaréz-Fariñas
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Genetics and Genomics Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Avner Shemer
- Department of Dermatology, Tel-Hashomer Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Eberting CL, Blickenstaff N, Goldenberg A. Pathophysiologic Treatment Approach to Irritant Contact Dermatitis. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-014-0030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
15
|
Semisolid formulations containing cetirizine: human skin permeation and topical antihistaminic evaluation in a rabbit model. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 306:711-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
16
|
Dederen JC, Chavan B, Rawlings AV. Emollients are more than sensory ingredients: the case of isostearyl isostearate. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013; 34:502-10. [PMID: 22913650 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00744.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand the skin benefits of emollient oil ingredients in topical skin moisturizers, one single highly popular in vivo method (corneometry), even when executed to perfection, does not suffice. A systematical exploration using a combination of bioengineering techniques shows how a previously unaccounted for mechanism of moisturization by internal occlusion was discovered. As a result, Isostearyl Isostearate turns out to be a highly functional moisturizer when several methodologies are used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Dederen
- Croda Consumer Care Europe, Dorpsstraat 144a, B-3078, Meerbeek, Belgium.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sandig AG, Campmany ACC, Campos FF, Villena MJM, Naveros BC. Transdermal delivery of imipramine and doxepin from newly oil-in-water nanoemulsions for an analgesic and anti-allodynic activity: development, characterization and in vivo evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 103:558-65. [PMID: 23261580 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressants have been considered by their analgesic activity in numerous studies, and specifically tricyclic antidepressants to possess the greatest efficacy. Imipramine and doxepin have been reported to exhibit local anaesthetic properties. In order to investigate their cutaneous analgesic effect after topical application a nanoemulsion vehicle was developed. This nanoemulsion is composed of propilenglicol, Transcutol, water, Labrasol, Plurol Oleique, isostearyl isostearate, oleic acid, and d-limonene. The final concentration of imipramine or doxepin in the nanoemulsion system was 3% (w/w). The nanoemulsions were characterized by pH, viscosity, droplet size, polydispersity index and finally, a morphological and structural examination was carried out by using transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the present work also reports stability studies on the nanoemulsion formulations to evaluate the integrity of the formulation; these indicate that formulations are stable for a period of three months. Moreover ex vivo studies were performed to evaluate permeation behaviour through human skin and predict plasma concentrations concluding that topically applied imipramine and doxepin loaded nanoemulsions were safe for a local effect. Similarly, the in vivo analgesic and anti-allodynic activity in rats was evaluated being stronger for the doxepin loaded nanoemulsion. This study demonstrated that nanoemulsion containing doxepin could be promising as an alternative analgesic therapy with a potential clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gimeno Sandig
- Animal Facility, Bellvitge Health Sciences Campus, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pennick G, Chavan B, Summers B, Rawlings AV. The effect of an amphiphilic self-assembled lipid lamellar phase on the relief of dry skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2012; 34:567-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00749.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - B. Chavan
- Croda Consumer Care Europe; Goole; U.K
| | - B. Summers
- Photobiology Laboratory; Medunsa Campus; Medunsa; South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bouwstra JA, Nahmoed N, Groenink HWW, Ponec M. Human skin equivalents are an excellent tool to study the effect of moisturizers on the water distribution in the stratum corneum. Int J Cosmet Sci 2012; 34:560-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Bouwstra
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research; Leiden University; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - N. Nahmoed
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research; Leiden University; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - H. W. W. Groenink
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research; Leiden University; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - M. Ponec
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research; Leiden University; Leiden; The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Evans RL, Marriott RE, Harker M. Axillary skin: biology and care. Int J Cosmet Sci 2012; 34:389-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. L. Evans
- Port Sunlight Laboratory; Unilever Research and Development; Quarry Road East; Bebington; Wirral; CH63 3JW; U.K
| | - R. E. Marriott
- Port Sunlight Laboratory; Unilever Research and Development; Quarry Road East; Bebington; Wirral; CH63 3JW; U.K
| | - M. Harker
- Port Sunlight Laboratory; Unilever Research and Development; Quarry Road East; Bebington; Wirral; CH63 3JW; U.K
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Voegeli R, Doppler S, Joller P, Breternitz M, Fluhr JW, Rawlings AV. Increased mass levels of certain serine proteases in the stratum corneum in acute eczematous atopic skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2011; 33:560-5. [PMID: 21699549 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2011.00671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute eczematous atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with increases in stratum corneum (SC) serine protease activity. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the increased SC protease activities in acute eczematous atopic dermatitis were associated with increased mass levels of SC proteases. Six subjects with healthy skin and six patients with AD each with non-lesional skin or lesional acute eczematous skin had the mass levels of their extractable SC kallikreins (KLK), plasmin and urokinase quantified using Luminex multiplex bead-based assays from SC tape strippings. The mass levels of KLK5 and KLK14 together with urokinase were not elevated in the SC in atopic skin. However, the mass levels of KLK7 and KLK11 together with plasmin were greatly elevated compared with the extracts from the non-lesional and the healthy skin and correlated with the corresponding enzymatic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Voegeli
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|