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Donato L, Cecchi R, Dagoli S, Treglia M, Pallocci M, Zanovello C, Ubelaker DH, Marsella LT. Facial age progression: Review of scientific literature and value for missing person identification in forensic medicine. J Forensic Leg Med 2023; 100:102614. [PMID: 37976962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Douglas H Ubelaker
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.
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Szczegielniak J, Bogacz K, Łuniewski J, Krajczy M, Pilis W, Majorczyk E. Excessive Facial Wrinkling Is Associated with COPD Occurrence-Does COPD Damage Skin Beauty and Quality? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1991. [PMID: 36767357 PMCID: PMC9915040 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate facial wrinkling in COPD patients, its relationship with lung function parameters, and the differences in wrinkling between COPD patients and smokers without COPD. The study included 56 patients with COPD with smoking history and 84 controls. Wrinkle intensity was measured and classified using Daniell's grading system, and the total length of wrinkles was also estimated. The predominant grades of Daniell's scale were IV-V for COPD patients (89.3% of current and 75.0% of former smokers), III-V for controls who currently smoke (89.2%), and II-III for former (92.9%) and never smokers (100%) controls. These distributions were statistically significantly different, but current and former smokers with COPD and COPD former smokers and control current smokers did not differ. In terms of the total length of wrinkles, the COPD patients possessed significantly longer wrinkles than the control subgroups (all p-values were <0.004). Negative correlations between wrinkle length and lung parameters were found. This phenomenon seems to be independent of smoking, but the length of wrinkles is related to lung function parameters. It seems that not only smoking but also COPD damages skin beauty and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Szczegielniak
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska Street 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogacz
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska Street 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland
| | - Jacek Łuniewski
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska Street 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland
| | - Marcin Krajczy
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska Street 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland
| | - Wiesław Pilis
- Department of Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej Street 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Edyta Majorczyk
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska Street 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland
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Abstract
SUMMARY Exposure to air pollutants has been now associated with detrimental effects on a variety of organs, including the heart, lungs, GI tract, and brain. However, recently it has become clear that pollutant exposure can also promote the development/exacerbation of a variety of skin conditions, including premature aging, psoriasis, acne, and atopic dermatitis. Although the molecular mechanisms by which pollutant exposure results in these cutaneous pathological manifestations, it has been noticed that an inflammatory status is a common denominator of all those skin conditions. For this reason, recently, the activation of a cytosolic multiprotein complex involved in inflammatory responses (the inflammasome) that could promote the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 has been hypothesized to play a key role in pollution-induced skin damage. In this review, we summarize and propose the cutaneous inflammasome as a novel target of pollutant exposure and the eventual usage of inflammasome inhibitor as new technologies to counteract pollution-induced skin damage. Possibly, the ability to inhibit the inflammasome activation could prevent cutaneous inflammaging and ameliorate the health and appearance of the skin.
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Betz-Stablein B, Llewellyn S, Bearzi P, Grochulska K, Rutjes C, Aitken JF, Janda M, O'Rouke P, Soyer HP, Green AC. High variability in anatomic patterns of cutaneous photodamage: a population-based study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1896-1903. [PMID: 33991136 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cancer is strongly associated with photodamaged skin, but body sites are often referred to as 'exposed' or 'unexposed' to sun without recognizing extent of site-specific variation. OBJECTIVES To assess whole-body patterns of photodamage in an Australian population. METHODS A random sample of adult residents of Queensland underwent imaging across 10 body sites. Photodamage was graded from images using an ordinal photonumeric scale. We used cluster analysis to identify whole-body photodamage patterns and prevalence proportion ratios (PPRs) to assess associated factors. RESULTS Of 190 adults (median age 52; 58% males), 58% showed severe or moderate-to-severe photodamage on most body sites. A higher proportion of woman had severe photodamage on the arms (upper: P = 0.002, lower: P = 0.034). A higher proportion of men had moderate or severe photodamage on the lower back (P = 0.004). We identified four photodamage patterns: 'severe general' (n = 24, 13%), 'moderate-severe general' (n = 86, 45%), 'moderate-severe v-neck' (n = 40, 21%) and 'mild-moderate upper body' (n = 12, 6%). All participants with 'severe-general' photodamage were >50 years and more likely to have past skin cancer (PPR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.44-4.49) than those with 'moderate-severe v-neck' photodamage. Those with 'moderate-severe general' photodamage showed similar associations and were more likely female (PPR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.04-1.69). Past or current smoking was associated with having higher levels of photodamage, with no smokers in those with 'mild-moderate upper body' photodamage. CONCLUSIONS Moderate-to-severe photodamage across much of the body is common in Queensland adults and associated with age, sex, past skin cancer and smoking. Assuming a universal pattern of site-specific sun exposure could lead to spurious correlations, while accurate and objective assessment of site-specific photodamage can add to understanding of the development of sun-associated skin cancers, in particular site-specific skin carcinogenesis. Additionally, degree of site-specific photodamage has the potential to assist skin cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Betz-Stablein
- Cancer and Population Studies, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Llewellyn
- Cancer and Population Studies, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - P Bearzi
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Lombardy, Italy
| | - K Grochulska
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - C Rutjes
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J F Aitken
- Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Janda
- Centre of Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - P O'Rouke
- Cancer and Population Studies, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - H P Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre of Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Dermatology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Skin and Skin Cancer Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - A C Green
- Cancer and Population Studies, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Skin and Skin Cancer Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,CRUK Manchester Institute and University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
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Puri P, Nandar SK, Kathuria S, Ramesh V. Effects of air pollution on the skin: A review. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2018; 83:415-423. [PMID: 28195077 DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.199579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The increase in air pollution over the years has had major effects on the human skin. Various air pollutants such as ultraviolet radiation, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, oxides, particulate matter, ozone and cigarette smoke affect the skin as it is the outermost barrier. Air pollutants damage the skin by inducing oxidative stress. Although human skin acts as a biological shield against pro-oxidative chemicals and physical air pollutants, prolonged or repetitive exposure to high levels of these pollutants may have profound negative effects on the skin. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation has been associated with extrinsic skin aging and skin cancers. Cigarette smoke contributes to premature aging and an increase in the incidence of psoriasis, acne and skin cancers. It is also implicated in allergic skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis and eczema. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons are associated with extrinsic skin aging, pigmentation, cancers and acneiform eruptions. Volatile organic compounds have been associated with atopic dermatitis. Given the increasing levels of air pollution and its detrimental effects on the skin, it is advisable to use strategies to decrease air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Puri
- Department of Skin and STD, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Kumar Nandar
- Department of Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, National Institute of Pathology-ICMR, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushruta Kathuria
- Department of Skin and STD, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - V Ramesh
- Department of Skin and STD, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoking is the single biggest preventable cause of death and disability in developed countries and is a significant public health concern. While known to be strongly associated with a number of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and cancers, smoking also leads to a variety of cutaneous manifestations. Objective: This article reviews the effects of cigarette smoking on the skin and its appendages. Methods: A literature review was based on a MEDLINE search (1966–2004) for English-language articles using the MeSH terms cutaneous, dermatology, tobacco, skin, and smoking. An additional search was subsequently undertaken for articles related to smoking and associated mucocutanous diseases, with the focus on pathogenesis and epidemiologic data. Articles presenting the highest level of evidence and latest reports were preferentially selected. Results: Smoking is strongly associated with numerous dermatologic conditions including poor wound healing, wrinkling and premature skin aging, squamous cell carcinoma, psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, hair loss, oral cancers, and other oral conditions. In addition, it has an impact on the skin lesions observed in diabetes, lupus, and AIDS. The evidence linking smoking and melanoma, eczema, and acne is inconclusive. Anecdotal data exist on the possible protective effects of smoking in oral/genital aphthosis of Behçet's disease, herpes labialis, pyoderma gangrenosum, acral melanoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS patients. Conclusions: An appreciation of the adverse cutaneous consequences of smoking is important. Dermatologists can play an integral role in promoting smoking cessation by providing expert opinion and educating the public on the deleterious effects of smoking on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoli Freiman
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Garrett Bird
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Benjamin Barankin
- Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gilles J. Lauzon
- Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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7
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Facial soft tissue thicknesses in the present Czech Population. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 260:106.e1-106.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dobos G, Lichterfeld A, Blume-Peytavi U, Kottner J. Evaluation of skin ageing: a systematic review of clinical scales. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:1249-61. [PMID: 25363020 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Clinical scales are widely used in anti-ageing research and practice. More than 100 skin ageing scales exist, which makes it difficult to choose outcome measures and to compare study results. The objectives were to assess and evaluate the quality of measurement properties of available clinical skin ageing scales. A systematic review was conducted. Electronic databases including Medline (1970 to June 2013) and EMBASE (1974 to June 2013) were searched via Ovid SP. To enhance the sensitivity forward searches were conducted in Scopus and Web of Science. We identified 111 scales in 52 included publications. Thirty studies had good methodology for at least one measurement property. Forty-two scales were evaluated for their test-retest or interrater reliability. Nineteen showed high reliability coefficients. A further 15 instruments were partly supported by content and/or structural and/or criterion validity and/or hypotheses-testing evidence. The majority of existing clinical skin ageing scales were developed for evaluating facial characteristics. Many scales quantify similar constructs. In contrast to the high number of available scales there is limited evidence supporting their measurement properties. Recommendations for the use of specific skin ageing scales for clinical studies must be made with caution because of the high number of studies with poor methodology. Development of new instruments should be justified, and existing ones investigated for scale behaviour using appropriate methods. Future research should aim to select and/or adapt existing scales to identify the 'best' to improve clinical research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dobos
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Lichterfeld
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - U Blume-Peytavi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Kottner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Abstract
Research studies indicate that smoking cigarettes is related to a premature development of facial wrinkles. Given that facial wrinkles may act as motivation for people to quit smoking, it is crucial that smoking cessation professionals be able to accurately inform clients about research concerning smoking and wrinkles. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide an updated overview of the literature which can be used by cessation clinicians as a practical reference on smoking and facial wrinkles. Databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles that study the association with smoking and wrinkles. In all, 17 articles were located and reviewed for research methods and results. Although facial wrinkles and smoking were measured inconsistently between studies, the overall literature indicates that those who smoke have a higher risk of developing premature facial wrinkles as compared to those who do not smoke. The implications of this review for smoking cessation professionals are described.
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Ekiz Ö, Yüce G, Ulaşli SS, Ekiz F, Yüce S, Başar Ö. Factors influencing skin ageing in a Mediterranean population from Turkey. Clin Exp Dermatol 2012; 37:492-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2012.04386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Suppa M, Elliott F, Mikeljevic JS, Mukasa Y, Chan M, Leake S, Karpavicius B, Haynes S, Bakker E, Peris K, Barrett JH, Bishop DT, Newton Bishop JA. The determinants of periorbital skin ageing in participants of a melanoma case-control study in the U.K. Br J Dermatol 2012; 165:1011-21. [PMID: 21787368 PMCID: PMC3202027 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin ageing is said to be caused by multiple factors. The relationship with sun exposure is of particular interest because the detrimental cutaneous effects of the sun may be a strong motivator to sun protection. We report a study of skin ageing in participants of an epidemiological study of melanoma. OBJECTIVES To determine the predictors of periorbital cutaneous ageing and whether it could be used as an objective marker of sun exposure. METHODS Photographs of the periorbital skin in 1341 participants were graded for wrinkles, degree of vascularity and blotchy pigmentation and the resultant data assessed in relation to reported sun exposure, sunscreen use, body mass index (BMI), smoking and the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene status. Data were analysed using proportional odds regression. RESULTS Wrinkling was associated with age and heavy smoking. Use of higher sun-protection factor sunscreen was protective (P = 0·01). Age, male sex, MC1R variants ('r', P=0·01; 'R', P=0·02), higher reported daily sun exposure (P=0·02), increased BMI (P=0·01) and smoking (P=0·02) were risk factors for hypervascularity. Blotchy pigmentation was associated with age, male sex, higher education and higher weekday sun exposure (P=0·03). More frequent sunscreen use (P=0·02) and MC1R variants ('r', P=0·03; 'R', P=0·001) were protective. CONCLUSIONS Periorbital wrinkling is a poor biomarker of reported sun exposure. Vascularity is a better biomarker as is blotchy pigmentation, the latter in darker-skinned individuals. In summary, male sex, sun exposure, smoking, obesity and MC1R variants were associated with measures of cutaneous ageing. Sunscreen use showed some evidence of being protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suppa
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Cancer Research UK.
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12
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Kim JN, Kim HJ, Jeong SH, Kye YC, Son SW. Cigarette smoke-induced early growth response-1 regulates the expression of the cysteine-rich 61 in human skin dermal fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:992-7. [PMID: 21995436 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01380.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke is known to be an element contributing to accelerate premature skin ageing. Cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61) is a member of the connective tissue factor CCN (Cyr61, CTGF and Nov) family, and early growth response-1 (Egr-1) is a generally expressed member of the zinc-finger family of transcription factors. To investigate the regulatory potential of Egr-1 on expression of Cyr61 by smoking, this study examined the hypothesis that cigarette smoke-induced Egr-1 induces expression of Cyr61 in human skin dermal fibroblasts (HSDF). HSDF were exposed to different concentrations of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for 24 h; a cytotoxicity assay was then performed for the detection of cell proliferation. Results of Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that CSE induces a transient synthesis of Egr-1 in HSDF. Cyr61 mRNA and protein levels showed a marked increase in a time-dependent manner after CSE exposure. Following transfection with an Egr-1 overexpression vector, HSDF showed increased activity of the Cyr61 promoter in a dose-dependent manner. Using Egr-1 interfering RNA, we confirmed that CSE-induced Cyr61 expression was dependent on Egr-1 expression. Findings of this study indicate that Egr-1-dependent induction of Cyr61 may contribute to premature skin ageing by smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Na Kim
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Nanomedicine, Division of Brain Korea 21 Project for Biomedical Science and Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Raduan APP, Luiz RR, Manela-Azulay M. Association between smoking and cutaneous ageing in a Brazilian population. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2008; 22:1312-8. [PMID: 18624854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02804.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the relationship between smoking and cutaneous ageing. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on 301 subjects (191 women and 110 men, aged between 25 and 86 years), of which 165 were non-smokers and 136 were smokers and ex-smokers. The association between tabagism and cutaneous ageing was controlled for other variables (solar exposure, age, skin phototype, sex, sunscreen use, alcohol consumption, coffee consumption, sports participation, body mass index, and history of relatives with precocious ageing). RESULTS Analysis revealed that age, chronic solar exposure, skin phototype and tobacco load significantly contributed to the formation of facial wrinkles. The larger the tobacco load, the larger was the amount of facial wrinkling, with an odds ratio of 3.92 in 'heavy' smokers (> 40 packs/year) in relation to non-smokers. CONCLUSION The results of this study point to smoking as one of the main factors involved in facial wrinkling. The relationship between smoking and cutaneous ageing is an important element in educational campaigns against tabagism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P P Raduan
- Department of Dermatology, Federal University of Rio de Janiro, Brazil.
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Müller KC, Paasch K, Feindt B, Welker L, Watz H, Weise M, Schmid RA, Nakashima M, Branscheid D, Magnussen H, Jörres RA, Holz O. In contrast to lung fibroblasts--no signs of senescence in skin fibroblasts of patients with emphysema. Exp Gerontol 2008; 43:623-628. [PMID: 18295997 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2007.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is known to be linked to skin ageing and there is evidence for premature senescence of parenchymal lung fibroblasts in emphysema. To reveal whether the emphysema-related changes in cellular phenotype extend beyond the lung, we compared the proliferation characteristics of lung and skin fibroblasts between patients with and without emphysema. Parenchymal lung fibroblasts and skin fibroblasts from the upper torso (thus limiting sun exposure bias) were obtained from patients without, or with mild, or with moderate to severe emphysema undergoing lung surgery. We analysed proliferation rate, population doublings (PD), staining for senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) and gene expression of IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-rP1. Population doubling time of lung fibroblasts differed between control, mild, and moderate to severe emphysema (median (IQR) 29.7(10.0), 33.4(6.1), 44.4(21.2) h; p=0.012) and staining for beta-gal was elevated in moderate to severe emphysema. Compared to control subjects, skin fibroblasts from patients with emphysema did not differ with respect to proliferation rate, PD and beta-gal staining, and showed a lower abundance of mRNA for IGFBP-3 and -rP1 (p<0.05, each). These results suggest that the induction of a senescent fibroblast phenotype by cigarette smoke, as observed in emphysema, primarily occurs in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Christian Müller
- Hospital Grosshansdorf, Centre for Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery, Woehrendamm 80, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany.
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Albert AM, Ricanek K, Patterson E. A review of the literature on the aging adult skull and face: implications for forensic science research and applications. Forensic Sci Int 2007; 172:1-9. [PMID: 17434276 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2005] [Revised: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper is a summary of findings of adult age-related craniofacial morphological changes. Our aims are two-fold: (1) through a review of the literature we address the factors influencing craniofacial aging, and (2) the general ways in which a head and face age in adulthood. We present findings on environmental and innate influences on face aging, facial soft tissue age changes, and bony changes in the craniofacial and dentoalveolar skeleton. We then briefly address the relevance of this information to forensic science research and applications, such as the development of computer facial age-progression and face recognition technologies, and contributions to forensic sketch artistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Midori Albert
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC 28403-5907, United States.
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18
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Humbert P. Quel est l’effet de la fumée de cigarette sur le tégument ? Ann Dermatol Venereol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(07)92820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Monestier S, Gaudy C, Gouvernet J, Richard MA, Grob JJ. Multiple senile lentigos of the face, a skin ageing pattern resulting from a life excess of intermittent sun exposure in dark-skinned caucasians: a case-control study. Br J Dermatol 2005; 154:438-44. [PMID: 16445772 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different patterns of skin ageing can be described depending on the predominant lesions, i.e. wrinkles, laxity, atrophy, senile lentigos (SLs), etc. They may correspond to different epidemiological contexts. OBJECTIVES To identify and assess the epidemiological factors for a skin ageing pattern characterized by a high density of SLs on the face, or 'lentigo ageing pattern' (LAP). METHODS An age- and sex-matched case-control study was conducted in individuals aged between 60 and 80 years, comparing cases (n = 118) with a very high number of SLs on the face for their age, and controls (n = 118) with no or very few SLs for their age. The cases and controls were recruited in two hospitals. RESULTS In univariate and multivariate analysis, LAP was associated with skin types III and IV, with frequent sunburns, and with the part of the lifetime cumulative sun exposure which was received during vacations. Conversely, there was no link with the occupational and everyday exposures and the total cumulative exposure. LAP was associated with multiple solar lentigos of the upper back. No relationship was found with postmenopausal hormonal therapy, number of naevi, or freckles. CONCLUSIONS Different epidemiological factors may account for the different skin ageing patterns. LAP seems to develop preferentially in dark-skinned caucasians who have repeatedly received intermittent and intense sun irradiations throughout their life, and have often developed solar lentigos on the upper back earlier in life, whereas the 'prominent wrinkling' pattern is known to affect light-skinned people and smokers with a life excess of continuous exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Monestier
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Ste Marguerite, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille and Research Unit LIMP EA 3291, Université de la Méditerranée, France
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is the single biggest preventable cause of death and disability in developed countries and is a significant public health concern. While known to be strongly associated with a number of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and cancers, smoking also leads to a variety of cutaneous manifestations. OBJECTIVE This article reviews the effects of cigarette smoking on the skin and its appendages. METHODS A literature review was based on a MEDLINE search (1966-2004) for English-language articles using the MeSH terms cutaneous, dermatology, tobacco, skin, and smoking. An additional search was subsequently undertaken for articles related to smoking and associated mucocutanous diseases, with the focus on pathogenesis and epidemiologic data. Articles presenting the highest level of evidence and latest reports were preferentially selected. RESULTS Smoking is strongly associated with numerous dermatologic conditions including poor wound healing, wrinkling and premature skin aging, squamous cell carcinoma, psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, hair loss, oral cancers, and other oral conditions. In addition, it has an impact on the skin lesions observed in diabetes, lupus, and AIDS. The evidence linking smoking and melanoma, eczema, and acne is inconclusive. Anecdotal data exist on the possible protective effects of smoking in oral/genital aphthosis of Behçet's disease, herpes labialis, pyoderma gangrenosum, acral melanoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS patients. CONCLUSIONS An appreciation of the adverse cutaneous consequences of smoking is important. Dermatologists can play an integral role in promoting smoking cessation by providing expert opinion and educating the public on the deleterious effects of smoking on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoli Freiman
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Just M, Ribera M, Monsó E, Ferrándiz C. Alteraciones de las fibras elásticas de la piel en pacientes fumadores y su relación con el deterioro de la función pulmonar. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-7310(04)76895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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