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Ahaik I, Nunez-Rodríguez JC, Abrini J, Bouhdid S, Gabaldón T. Assessing Diagnosis of Candida Infections: A Study on Species Prevalence and Antifungal Resistance in Northern Morocco. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:373. [PMID: 38921360 PMCID: PMC11204772 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Candida infections has increased in the last decade, posing a serious threat to public health. Appropriately facing this challenge requires precise epidemiological data on species and antimicrobial resistance incidence, but many countries lack appropriate surveillance programs. This study aims to bridge this gap for Morocco by identifying and phenotyping a year-long collection of clinical isolates (n = 93) from four clinics in Tetouan. We compared the current standard in species identification with molecular methods and assessed susceptibility to fluconazole and anidulafungin. Our results identified limitations in currently used diagnostics approaches, and revealed that C. albicans ranks as the most prevalent species with 60 strains (64.52%), followed by C. glabrata with 14 (15.05%), C. parapsilosis with 6 (6.45%), and C. tropicalis with 4 (4.30%). In addition, we report the first identification of C. metapsilosis in Morocco. Susceptibility results for fluconazole revealed that some isolates were approaching MICs resistance breakpoints in C. albicans (2), and C. glabrata (1). Our study also identified anidulafungin resistant strains in C. albicans (1), C. tropicalis (1), and C. krusei (2), rendering the two strains from the latter species multidrug-resistant due to their innate resistance to fluconazole. These results raise concerns about species identification and antifungal resistance in Morocco and highlight the urgent need for more accurate methods and preventive strategies to combat fungal infections in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Ahaik
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Microbiologie Appliquées et Biotechnologies, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tétouan 93000, Morocco; (I.A.); (S.B.)
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Nunez-Rodríguez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS), Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jamal Abrini
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Microbiologie Appliquées et Biotechnologies, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tétouan 93000, Morocco; (I.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Samira Bouhdid
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Microbiologie Appliquées et Biotechnologies, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tétouan 93000, Morocco; (I.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS), Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Radhamanalan G, Dharumadurai D. Anticandidal Efficacy of Oral Probiont Limosilactobacillus fermentum Against Dental Caries Pathogens in Children, Tamil Nadu, India. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:244-253. [PMID: 38468734 PMCID: PMC10924868 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental caries remains a prevalent concern among children globally and is associated with Candida sp. Some researchers have suggested probiotic supplements as a possible solution for reducing dental caries. A study conducted in Tamil Nadu focused on collecting 80 dental caries samples from both males and females, obtained from two different locations. The samples underwent processing using the spread plate technique, followed by anticandidal activity assessments. Through ITS sequence analysis, candida strains were identified, including C. albicans (DDGRPO1, DDGRPO2). The study specifically investigated the ability of the probiotic bacterial strain Lb. fermentum cell-free filtrate to inhibit C. albicans. The research revealed that Lb. fermentum probiotics effectively inhibited the growth of C. albicans DDGRP01, displaying strong antifungal activity against Candida sp. (98%). While these results are promising, it is worth mentioning the increasing interest in exploring innovative alternatives to probiotic-based treatments. This avenue of research offers potential for a more comprehensive approach to addressing this issue. Notably, Lb. fermentum, derived from the human oral cavity, emerges as a significant postbiotic candidate for dental prophylaxis, indicating a hopeful direction for future studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-023-01175-5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhanasekaran Dharumadurai
- Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 600024 India
- National Repository for Microalgae and Cyanobacteria-Freshwater (NRMC-F), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
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Gómez-Gaviria M, García-Carnero LC, Baruch-Martínez DA, Mora-Montes HM. The Emerging Pathogen Candida metapsilosis: Biological Aspects, Virulence Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:171-185. [PMID: 38268929 PMCID: PMC10807450 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s448213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections represent a constant and growing menace to public health. This concern is due to the emergence of new fungal species and the increase in antifungal drug resistance. Mycoses caused by Candida species are among the most common nosocomial infections and are associated with high mortality rates when the infection affects deep-seated organs. Candida metapsilosis is part of the Candida parapsilosis complex and has been described as part of the oral microbiota of healthy individuals. Within the complex, this species is considered the least virulent; however, the prevalence has been increasing in recent years, as well as an increment in the resistance to some antifungal drugs. One of the main concerns of candidiasis caused by this species is the wide range of clinical manifestations, ranging from tissue colonization to superficial infections, and in more severe cases it can spread, which makes diagnosis and treatment difficult. The study of virulence factors of this species is limited, however, proteomic comparisons between species indicate that virulence factors in this species could be similar to those already described for C. albicans. However, differences may exist, taking into account changes in the lifestyle of the species. Here, we provide a detailed review of the current literature about this organism, the caused disease, and some sharing aspects with other members of the complex, focusing on its biology, virulence factors, the host-fungus interaction, the identification, diagnosis, and treatment of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gómez-Gaviria
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto., México
| | - Laura C García-Carnero
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto., México
| | - Dario A Baruch-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto., México
| | - Héctor M Mora-Montes
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto., México
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Al-Manei K, Sobkowiak MJ, Nagadia RH, Heymann R, Sällberg Chen M, Özenci V. Mycobiota profile of oral fungal infections in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy: A 6-year retrospective MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry study. Oral Oncol 2023; 146:106556. [PMID: 37611433 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Head and neck cancer (HNC) impairs patient immunity and increases susceptibility to oral fungal infections (OFIs). Effectively treating such infections requires accurate identification of the causative pathogens. This study aimed to characterize the mycobiota profile of OFIs in HNC patients undergoing radiation treatment (RT). MATERIALS AND METHODS A 6-year retrospective analysis of oral mucosal samples from HNC patients with a history of RT and OFIs between 2014 and 2019 was conducted using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiling. Samples from the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory at Karolinska University Hospital were evaluated for mycobiota diversity and species co-occurrence patterns in the ongoing-RT and post-RT groups. RESULTS A total of 190 oral fungi (88% Candida, 5% Pichia) were isolated from 162 HNC patients receiving RT. In the ongoing-RT group, the emergent non-albicans Candida (NAC) species; F. solani and C. jadinii, were detected for the first time. The dominant pathogens in both ongoing and post-RT groups were C. albicans, C. glabrata, P. kudriavzevii, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis, as shown by Venn analysis. Network analysis revealed greater fungi diversity and multi-species co-occurrence in the ongoing-RT group. C. albicans commonly co-occurred with C. glabrata in both ongoing-RT (21%) and post-RT groups (30%). CONCLUSION MALDI-TOF MS identified a wide range of oral fungal species in HNC patients receiving RT. While C. albicans remains the most prevalent OFIs pathogen, multi-species co-occurrence and novel NACs were noted. Understanding the ecological interactions among these causative pathogens could significantly advance the development of effective therapeutics for treating OFIs in HNC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Al-Manei
- Unit of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14104, Sweden; Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michał Jacek Sobkowiak
- Unit of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14104, Sweden
| | - Rahul Harshad Nagadia
- Unit of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14104, Sweden; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Centre Singapore, and Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert Heymann
- Unit of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14104, Sweden; Medical Unit for Reconstructive Plastic- and Craniofacial Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margaret Sällberg Chen
- Unit of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14104, Sweden.
| | - Volkan Özenci
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14104, Sweden; Department of Clinical Microbiology F72, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge 14104, Sweden.
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What Is Candida Doing in My Food? A Review and Safety Alert on Its Use as Starter Cultures in Fermented Foods. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091855. [PMID: 36144457 PMCID: PMC9502980 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of yeasts as starter cultures was boosted with the emergence of large-scale fermentations in the 20th century. Since then, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been the most common and widely used microorganism in the food industry. However, Candida species have also been used as an adjuvant in cheese production or as starters for coffee, cocoa, vegetable, meat, beer, and wine fermentations. A thorough screening of candidate Candida is sometimes performed to obtain the best performing strains to enhance specific features. Some commonly selected species include C. pulcherrima (teleomorph Metschnikowia pulcherrima) (wine), C. parapsilosis (teleomorph Monilia parapsilosis) (coffee), C. famata (teleomorph Debaryomyces hansenii) (cheese), and C. zeylanoides (teleomorph Kurtzmaniella zeylanoides) and C. norvegensis (teleomorph Pichia norvegensis) (cocoa). These species are associated with the production of key metabolites (food aroma formation) and different enzymes. However, safety-associated selection criteria are often neglected. It is widely known that some Candida species are opportunistic human pathogens, with important clinical relevance. Here, the physiology and metabolism of Candida species are addressed, initially emphasizing their clinical aspects and potential pathogenicity. Then, Candida species used in food fermentations and their functional roles are reported. We recommended that Candida not be used as food cultures if safety assessments are not performed. Some safety features are highlighted to help researchers choose methods and selection criteria.
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Barantsevich N, Barantsevich E. Diagnosis and Treatment of Invasive Candidiasis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060718. [PMID: 35740125 PMCID: PMC9219674 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida species, belonging to commensal microbial communities in humans, cause opportunistic infections in individuals with impaired immunity. Pathogens encountered in more than 90% cases of invasive candidiasis include C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis. The most frequently diagnosed invasive infection is candidemia. About 50% of candidemia cases result in deep-seated infection due to hematogenous spread. The sensitivity of blood cultures in autopsy-proven invasive candidiasis ranges from 21% to 71%. Non-cultural methods (beta-D-glucan, T2Candida assays), especially beta-D-glucan in combination with procalcitonin, appear promising in the exclusion of invasive candidiasis with high sensitivity (98%) and negative predictive value (95%). There is currently a clear deficiency in approved sensitive and precise diagnostic techniques. Omics technologies seem promising, though require further development and study. Therapeutic options for invasive candidiasis are generally limited to four classes of systemic antifungals (polyenes, antimetabolite 5-fluorocytosine, azoles, echinocandins) with the two latter being highly effective and well-tolerated and hence the most widely used. Principles and methods of treatment are discussed in this review. The emergence of pan-drug-resistant C. auris strains indicates an insufficient choice of available medications. Further surveillance, alongside the development of diagnostic and therapeutic methods, is essential.
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Karajacob AS, Goh JPE, Kallarakkal TG, Tay ST. First isolation and identification of Cystobasidium calyptogenae from the oral samples of an elderly patient presenting with angular cheilitis. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:48. [PMID: 35346364 PMCID: PMC8958801 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angular cheilitis, an infection mainly caused by Candida yeasts, is featured by the appearance of inflammatory lesions at the bilateral corners of the mouth, particularly in patients with poor oral hygiene, ill-fitting dentures and old age. The first isolation of an atypical yeast, Cystobasidium calyptogenae, from oral samples of a patient presenting with angular cheilitis is discussed in this study. Case presentation Angular cheilitis was diagnosed in a 60-year-old denture-wearing woman who presented with an irritation fibroma on her right lower buccal sulcus over the premolar region. Primary cultures of her oral swab and oral rinse samples grew a pure culture of an uncommon yeast strain resembling Rhodotorula sp. Sequence analysis of the yeast internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene region and D1D2 domain showed highest similarity (99.6% and 100%, respectively) to C. calyptogenae CBS 9125 type strain. Following 2 weeks of treatment with miconazole/fusidic acid and mouthwash, the oral lesion showed improvement with less erythema. C. calyptogenae was not isolated from the patient’s oral samples upon repeat sampling. Conclusion This is the first report on the isolation of C. calyptogenae from human oral samples. The ability of C. calyptogenae to grow at 37 °C and the fact that it was the only yeast species isolated from the patient’s oral samples suggests its pathogenic potential and possible involvement in angular cheilitis. The ubiquitous nature of the Cystobasidium yeast is believed to increase the likelihood of opportunistic infections among immunocompromised individuals. As Cystobasidium is phenotypically indistinguishable from Rhodotorula, an emerging opportunistic pathogen, surveillance using molecular identification in clinical settings is essential in providing accurate diagnosis and treatment of uncommon yeast infections.
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Xia XJ, Zhong Y, Sang B, Li QP, Zhi HL, Lv WW, Shen H, Liu ZH. Violet colonies of Talaromyces marneffei produce on CHROMagar candida medium. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 101:115533. [PMID: 34587571 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present report, we describe an unusual case of mixed infection of Candida albicans and Talaromyces marneffei in the oral cavity and oropharynx with cutaneous involvement. On the CHROMagar Candida plate, green colonies (identified as C. albicans) and tiny violet colonies (identified as T. marneffei) grew from the throat swab after incubation for 96 hours. 10 clinical isolates of T. marneffei were used to verify their color production on CHROMagar Candida. All colonies were violet on the fourth, seventh and ninth day incubated at 37 °C. T. marneffei appears violet on the CHROMagar Candida plate, but it may be easily ignored because of its slow growth and small colony size, especially after incubation for 48 hours. Therefore, when using CHROMagar Candida plate to detect specimens in AIDS patients, special attention must be paid to detect non-yeasts such as T. marneffei for up to 96 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Jiao Xia
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bo Sang
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Ping Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Lin Zhi
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Lv
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Ze-Hu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
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Lephart P, LeBar W, Newton D. Behind Every Great Infection Prevention Program is a Great Microbiology Laboratory: Key Components and Strategies for an Effective Partnership. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2021; 35:789-802. [PMID: 34362544 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A great clinical microbiology laboratory supporting a great infection prevention program requires focusing on the following services: rapid and accurate identification of pathogens associated with health care-associated infections; asymptomatic surveillance for health care-acquired pathogens before infections arise; routine use of broad and flexible antimicrobial susceptibility testing to direct optimal therapy; implementation of epidemiologic tracking tools to identify outbreaks; development of clear result communication with interpretative comments for clinicians. These goals are best realized in a collaborative relationship with the infection prevention program so that both can benefit from the shared priorities of providing the best patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lephart
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Road Building 36-1221-52, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, USA.
| | - William LeBar
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Road Building 36-1221-52, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, USA
| | - Duane Newton
- NaviDx Consulting, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Road Building 36-1221-52, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, USA
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Hashim Mohammed T, Hashim Risan M, Kadhom M, Yousif E. Role of Candida glabrata as nosocomial pathogen and its susceptibility to Fluconazole, Voriconazole, Caspofungin, Micafungin and Amphotericin B. BIONATURA 2021. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2021.06.03.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida has different types that could cause bloodstream infections. A total number of 150 samples were collected from candidemia patients and examined. The Candida spp. Species isolated from blood samples were analysed. These were identified by culturing the species using different media, namely the chromogenic agar test. Then, the virulence factors of all samples were tested. The Candida glabrata isolates were tested with six commercial antifungal drugs. C. glabrata 67 (44.6%), C. albicans 34 (22.6%), C. krusei 18 (12%), C. tropicalis 17 (11.3%), and C. parasilosis 14 (9.3%). the production of phospholipase ranged between 0.63-0.99 mm. It was found that 96% of the species showed phospholipase activity in aerobic conditions. The protease activities of Candida spp. Isolates were experimentally tested by area of inhibition around the colonies, where 59.3% had the double (++) protease activity, 31.4% with (+) grade, and 9.3% had (–) grade or clear zone around the colony. The hemolytic capacity ranged from 0.69-0.89 in the optimum aerobic environments. Finally, 38.33% of the isolated Candida spp. were positive and 61.67% negative for biofilm formation. Out of the total positive Candida spp. for biofilm formation, 21.73% were strong biofilm producers, and 78.27% were weak. Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of Fluconazole for C. glabrata isolates was not appropriate (NA) due to the occurrence of low inhibition tested for species. Micafungin exhibited the lowest fungicidal activity against C. glabrata ranging from 0.03 - 0.125, while Fluconazole showed the highest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammed Kadhom
- Department of Renewable Energy, College of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Alkarkh University of Science, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Emad Yousif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Amarasinghe A, Muhandiram M, Kodithuwakku S, Thilakumara I, Jayatilake J. Identification, genotyping and invasive enzyme production of oral Candida species from denture induced stomatitis patients and healthy careers. JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY, MEDICINE, AND PATHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Shokoohi G, Javidnia J, Mirhendi H, Rasekh-Jahromi A, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Ansari S, Maryami F, Goodarzi S, Romeo O. Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida dubliniensis and Candida africana isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis: A single-centre experience in Iran. Mycoses 2021; 64:771-779. [PMID: 33811780 PMCID: PMC8251901 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common and debilitating long‐term illness affecting million women worldwide. This disease is caused mainly by Candida albicans and a lesser extent by other species, including the two phylogenetically closely related pathogens Candida africana and Candida dubliniensis. Objectives In this study, we report detailed molecular epidemiological data about the occurrence of these two pathogenic yeasts in Iranian patients affected by VVC, or its chronic recurrent form (RVVC), and provide, for the first time, data on the antifungal activity of two new drugs, efinaconazole (EFN) and luliconazole (LUL). Methods A total of 133 vaginal yeast isolates, presumptively identified as Calbicans by phenotypic and restriction analysis of rDNA, were further analysed by using a specific molecular method targeting the HWP1 gene. All Cafricana and Cdubliniensis isolates were also tested for their in vitro susceptibility to a panel of modern and classical antifungal drugs. Results and Conclusions Based on the molecular results, among 133 germ‐tube positive isolates, we identify 119 Calbicans (89.47%), 11 Cafricana (8.27%) and 3 Cdubliniensis (2.26%) isolates. Cafricana and Cdubliniensis showed low MIC values for most of the antifungal drugs tested, especially for EFN and LUL, which exhibited a remarkable antifungal activity. High MIC values were observed only for nystatin and terbinafine. Although Calbicans remains the most common Candida species recovered from Iranian VVC/RVVC patients, our data show that its prevalence may be slightly overestimated due to the presence of difficult‐to‐identify closely related yeast, especially Cafricana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Shokoohi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Zoonosis Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Javad Javidnia
- Student Research Committee Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Athar Rasekh-Jahromi
- Department of Obstetrician and Gynecology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saham Ansari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faeze Maryami
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Zoonosis Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Sahand Goodarzi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Zoonosis Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Orazio Romeo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Lu JJ, Lo HJ, Lee CH, Chen MJ, Lin CC, Chen YZ, Tsai MH, Wang SH. The Use of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry to Analyze Commensal Oral Yeasts in Nursing Home Residents. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010142. [PMID: 33435490 PMCID: PMC7828027 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a rapid and accurate method to identify microorganisms in clinical laboratories. This study isolates yeast-like microorganisms in the oral washes that are collected from non-bedridden nursing home residents, using CHROMagar Candida plates, and identifies them using Bruker MALDI-TOF MS. The ribosomal DNA sequences of the isolates are then examined. Three hundred and twenty yeast isolates are isolated from the oral washes. Candida species form the majority (78.1%), followed by Trichosporon/Cutaneotrichosporon species (8.8%). Bruker MALDI-TOF MS gives a high-level confidence, with a log(score) value of ≥1.8, and identifies 96.9% of the isolates. There are six inconclusive results (1.9%), and those sequences are verified as rare clinical species, including Candida ethanolica, Cutaneotrichosporon jirovecii, Exophiala dermatitidis, and Fereydounia khargensis. Almost all of the isolates have a regular color on the CHROMagar Candida plates. If the colonies are grouped by color on the plates, a specific dominant yeast species is present in each color group, except for purple or orange isolates. In conclusion, MALDI-TOF MS is verified as a fast, accurate and practical method to analyze oral yeasts in elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (J.-J.L.); (C.-H.L.); (M.-J.C.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Jung Lo
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (C.-C.L.); (Y.-Z.C.)
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hua Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (J.-J.L.); (C.-H.L.); (M.-J.C.)
| | - Mei-Jun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (J.-J.L.); (C.-H.L.); (M.-J.C.)
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin County 638, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Chao Lin
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (C.-C.L.); (Y.-Z.C.)
| | - Yin-Zhi Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (C.-C.L.); (Y.-Z.C.)
| | - Ming-Horng Tsai
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin County 638, Taiwan;
| | - Shao-Hung Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-5-2717225; Fax: +886-5-2717831
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Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Clinically Relevant Candida Species in Postmenopausal Women with Diabetes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7042490. [PMID: 33294451 PMCID: PMC7714583 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7042490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus has increased in Saudi Arabia, which has raised the risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). This study highlights the prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of Candida species among postmenopausal women with diabetes with symptoms of VVC in Taif, a city in Saudi Arabia. Several diagnostic tools were used to differentiate the yeast isolates, including microscopic examination, culture morphology on CHROM agar, further confirmation with the VITEK 2 system, and ITS1 and ITS4 region sequencing. Antifungal susceptibility of the selected Candida species was determined using the VITEK 2 system (bioMérieux Inc., USA). Out of the 550 high vaginal swabs investigated, 86 specimens were Candida species positive (15.6%) with a significant difference according to age; the positivity in the 45–50 years' age group (12%) was higher than that in the 51–55 years' age group (3.6%). Candida albicans was the most common causative agent in 51 samples (59.3%), followed by C. glabrata in 21 samples (24.41%) and C. krusei in 14 samples (16.27%), with no significant differences between the age groups. Three isolates, including two C. albicans and one C. krusei, exhibited resistance against all the tested antifungal agents. CHROM agar and VITEK 2 were accurate phenotypic tools to identify Candida species with 100% sensitivity and specificity and were consistent with the phylogenetic characterization. The data emphasized the importance of identifying Candida species and their antifungal susceptibility among postmenopausal women with diabetes, highlighting the potential risk posed by diabetes in this age group.
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Perez G, Debernardis F, Boido E, Carrau F. Simultaneous identification to monitor consortia strain dynamics of four biofuel yeast species during fermentation. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 47:1133-1140. [PMID: 32965544 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-020-02310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mixed strain dynamics are still not well or easily monitored although recently molecular identification methods have improved our knowledge. This study used a chromogenic differential plating medium that allows the discrimination of four of the main selected biofuel strains that are currently under development for ethanol production from cellulosic hydrolysates. Complete fermentation of hexoses and xylose was obtained with a yeast consortium composed of Spathaspora passalidarum, Scheffersomyces stipitis, Candida akabanensis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results showed that C.akabanensis excessively dominated consortium balance. Reducing its inoculum from 33 to 4.8% improved population strain balance and fermentation efficiency. Comparison of the consortia with single strain fermentations showed that it optimize sugar consumption and ethanol yields. This simple and cheap method also has advantages compared with molecular methods, as the yeast strains do not need to be genetically marked and identified cell proportions are probably active in the fermentation system as compared to DNA determination methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Perez
- Área Enología y Biotecnología de la Fermentación, Departamento Ciencia y Tecnología Alimentos, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de la Republica, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Debernardis
- Área Enología y Biotecnología de la Fermentación, Departamento Ciencia y Tecnología Alimentos, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de la Republica, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Boido
- Área Enología y Biotecnología de la Fermentación, Departamento Ciencia y Tecnología Alimentos, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de la Republica, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francisco Carrau
- Área Enología y Biotecnología de la Fermentación, Departamento Ciencia y Tecnología Alimentos, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de la Republica, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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16
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Phylogenetic characterization of biofilm forming multidrug resistant Candida albicans and Non albicans Candida causing vulvovaginal candidiasis. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Tarapan S, Matangkasombut O, Trachootham D, Sattabanasuk V, Talungchit S, Paemuang W, Phonyiam T, Chokchaitam O, Mungkung OO, Lam-Ubol A. Oral Candida colonization in xerostomic postradiotherapy head and neck cancer patients. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1798-1808. [PMID: 31257663 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate (a) oral colonization of Candida species, especially for non-albicans Candida species (NACS), in xerostomic postradiotherapy head and neck cancer patients and (b) risk factors affecting their colonization. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjective and objective dry mouth scores, stimulated salivary flow rates, pH and buffering capacity were measured in 72 xerostomic postradiotherapy head and neck cancer patients. Candida counts and species identification were performed using oral rinse samples cultured in Candida Chromagar, followed by polymerase chain reaction and API 20C AUX system. RESULTS Candida colonization was observed in 87.5% of subjects, with 80.6% and 48.6% of study population colonized by C. albicans and NACS, respectively. NACS was associated with high objective dry mouth scores, denture use, and females (p = .006, .009, and .036, respectively). In addition, Candida glabrata was detected more in females (p = .018) and denture wearers (p = .026), while Candida tropicalis was associated with high objective dry mouth scores (p = .022) and females (p = .027). Quantity of Candida colonization correlated positively with objective dry mouth scores (r = 0.599, p < .001) and negatively with salivary flow rates (r = -0.258, p = .041) and pH (r = -0.290, p = .022). CONCLUSION NACS colonization was common in xerostomic head and neck cancer patients. Increased signs of dry mouth, female and dental prostheses may promote NACS colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supanat Tarapan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Oranart Matangkasombut
- Department of Microbiology and Research Unit on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | - Tawaree Phonyiam
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | | | - Aroonwan Lam-Ubol
- Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
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18
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Keene S, Sarao MS, McDonald PJ, Veltman J. Cutaneous geotrichosis due to Geotrichum candidum in a burn patient. Access Microbiol 2019; 1:e000001. [PMID: 32974489 PMCID: PMC7470357 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Geotrichum candidum is a saprophytic yeast known to colonize the human skin, respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract. It can cause local or disseminated disease (geotrichosis), mainly in the immunocompromised host. Trauma, indwelling catheter use, prolonged broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment and critical illness have also been implicated as risk factors. Here we report the first case, to our knowledge, of cutaneous G. candidum infection in a burn patient. The isolate had a high amphotericin B minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the patient experienced concomitant Candidaorthopsilosis fungaemia, and so was treated with a combination of voriconazole and micafungin. This case highlights the importance of source control, rapid identification of G. candidum infection and MIC determination to guide antifungal therapy, which typically consists of amphotericin B with or without flucytosine or voriconazole alone. Clinicians should be aware of geotrichosis as a clinical entity in burn patients as well as in the immunocompromised. Antifungal resistance and breakthrough disease are an ongoing concern due to the increasing number of immunocompromised at-risk patients and the use of routine mould prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Keene
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Philip J. McDonald
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- *Correspondence: Philip J. McDonald,
| | - Jennifer Veltman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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19
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Bachtiar BM, Srisawat C, Bachtiar EW. RNA aptamers selected against yeast cells inhibit Candida albicans biofilm formation in vitro. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e00812. [PMID: 30779315 PMCID: PMC6692556 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers that bind live bacterial cells have been widely investigated, but their potential to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm formation needs to be further explored. The aims of this study were to evaluate the binding of C. albicans to RNA aptamers and to examine the potential of aptamers to inhibit C. albicans biofilm formation in vitro. In this study, RNA aptamers selected against yeast cells of C. albicans ATCC 10231 were developed using the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technique. The binding affinity of the resulting aptamers was then determined by an aptamer‐linked immobilized sorbent assay (ALISA), and a colorimetric (MTT) assay was used to measure the metabolic activity of Candida biofilms. After 11 rounds of SELEX, two candidate aptamers, Ca‐apt‐1 and Ca‐apt‐12, were identified. The Ca‐apt‐1 aptamer also recognized C. albicans isolated from clinical specimens but did not recognize other oral microorganisms (i.e., Streptococcus mutans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The ALISA results showed that the binding affinity of these aptamers was comparable to that of an anti‐C. albicans monoclonal antibody. In addition, Ca‐apt‐1 could inhibit biofilm and hyphal formation of C. albicans in vitro, as demonstrated using biofilm assays. This study shows that RNA aptamers could potentially be used in diagnostic and therapeutic applications for C. albicans‐related disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boy M Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Oral Research Science Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Chatchawan Srisawat
- Department of Biochemistry and NANOTEC-Mahidol University Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Endang W Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Oral Research Science Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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20
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Egue LAN, N'guessan FK, Aka-Gbezo S, Bouatenin JPKM, Koussemon-Camara M. Candida species in tchapalo and bangui, two traditional alcoholic beverages from Côte d'Ivoire. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:283-292. [PMID: 29665954 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The increase of infections due to non-Candida albicans species made it very necessary to conduct adequate characterization to be able to identify the species of Candida isolated from traditional fermented foods. In this study, based on their hue on Candida Chromogenic Agar medium, a total of 136 yeast strains were isolated from tchapalo and bangui. Molecular identification based on PCR-RFLP of internal transcribed spacers of rDNA (ITS) and sequencing of the ITS and the D1/D2 regions allowed us to assign these isolates to seven species: Candida tropicalis, Candida inconspicua, Candida rugosa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Hanseniaspora guilliermondii, Trichosporon asahii. With the respect to each beverage, six species were found among with four species are regarded as opportunistic pathogens. From these, C. tropicalis, C. inconspicua and K. marxianus were the most commonly encountered. The enzyme activities of the potential pathogens assessed using API ZYM system showed that almost strains had esterase, esterase lipase, valine and cystine arylamidase, alpha chymotrypsin, alkaline phosphatase and naphthol phosphohydrolase activities. The activity of α-glucosidase was found only in C. tropicalis and C. inconspicua strains isolated from tchapalo while β-glucosidase activity was found in all strains from tchapalo and only in C. inconspicua isolated from bangui.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence A N Egue
- Nangui Abrogoua University, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology (UFR-STA), 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Cote d'Ivoire.
| | - Florent K N'guessan
- Nangui Abrogoua University, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology (UFR-STA), 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Solange Aka-Gbezo
- Nangui Abrogoua University, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology (UFR-STA), 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Cote d'Ivoire; Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire (CSRS), 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Jean-Paul K M Bouatenin
- Nangui Abrogoua University, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology (UFR-STA), 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Marina Koussemon-Camara
- Nangui Abrogoua University, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology (UFR-STA), 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Cote d'Ivoire
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21
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Yeasts. Microbiol Spectr 2017; 4. [PMID: 27726781 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.dmih2-0030-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeasts are unicellular organisms that reproduce mostly by budding and less often by fission. Most medically important yeasts originate from Ascomycota or Basidiomycota. Here, we review taxonomy, epidemiology, disease spectrum, antifungal drug susceptibility patterns of medically important yeast, laboratory diagnosis, and diagnostic strategies.
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22
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Vecchione A, Florio W, Celandroni F, Barnini S, Lupetti A, Ghelardi E. Comparative evaluation of six chromogenic media for presumptive yeast identification. J Clin Pathol 2017; 70:1074-1078. [PMID: 28663328 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study was undertaken to evaluate the discrimination ability of six chromogenic media in presumptive yeast identification. METHODS We analysed 108 clinical isolates and reference strains belonging to eight different species: Candida albicans,Candida dubliniensis, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis,Candida lusitaniae and Trichosporon mucoides. RESULTS C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. krusei could be distinguished from one another in all the tested chromogenic media, as predicted by the manufacturers. In addition, C. albicans could be distinguished from C. dubliniensis on BBL CHROMagar Candida, Kima CHROMagar Candida and Brilliance Candida, and C. parapsilosis could be identified on CHROMATIC Candida agar, CHROMOGENIC Candida agar, and Brilliance Candida agar. CONCLUSIONS Brilliance Candida provided the widest discrimination ability, being able to discriminate five out of the seven Candida species tested. Interestingly, C. tropicalis and C. krusei could be already distinguished from each other after 24 hours of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Vecchione
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Walter Florio
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Celandroni
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Lupetti
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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23
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Methods of Candida dubliniensis identification and its occurrence in human clinical material. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2017; 62:401-408. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-017-0510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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24
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Gokbolat E, Oz Y, Metintas S. Evaluation of three different bottles in BACTEC 9240 automated blood culture system and direct identification of Candida species to shorten the turnaround time of blood culture. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:470-476. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Egemen Gokbolat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Present address: Department of Microbiology, Burdur State Hospital, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Oz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Selma Metintas
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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25
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Niessen L. Current state and future perspectives of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based diagnosis of filamentous fungi and yeasts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:553-74. [PMID: 25492418 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification is a rather novel method of enzymatic deoxyribonucleic acid amplification which can be applied for the diagnosis of viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Although firmly established in viral and bacterial diagnosis, the technology has only recently been applied to a noteworthy number of species in the filamentous fungi and yeasts. The current review gives an overview of the literature so far published on the topic by discussing the different groups of fungal organisms to which the method has been applied. Moreover, the method is described in detail as well as the different possibilities available for signal detection and quantification and sample preparation. Future perspective of loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based assays is discussed in the light of applicability for fungal diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Niessen
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354, Freising, Germany,
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26
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Thanyasrisung P, Kesakomol P, Pipattanagovit P, Youngnak-Piboonratanakit P, Pitiphat W, Matangkasombut O. Oral Candida carriage and immune status in Thai human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:753-759. [PMID: 24591706 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.069773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, with growing concerns about the emergence of non-albicans species with resistance to antifungal agents. This cross-sectional study determined the prevalence of oral Candida species in Thai HIV-infected adults and factors affecting their colonization. Candida species were identified from oral rinse samples of 60 HIV-infected participants of the MTCT-Plus initiative and 49 healthy controls by culture-based and molecular assays. The prevalence of oral Candida carriage was similar in HIV-infected patients (56.6 %) and in controls (55.1 %, P = 0.87). Candida albicans was the most predominant species in both groups (94.1 % of Candida carriers in HIV, 88.9 % in control). Interestingly, Candida dubliniensis was the second most common species in controls (29.6 %) and the third in HIV-infected patients (11.8 %, P = 0.08). Multivariate analysis showed that, amongst HIV-infected individuals, CD4 count <200 cells mm(-3) was associated with increased prevalence of oral carriage of both C. albicans (P = 0.03) and non-albicans species (P = 0.03). Moreover, patients with tuberculosis infection had a higher prevalence of the non-albicans species than those without (P = 0.03). Intriguingly, contraceptive use was also associated positively with non-albicans and multi-species carriage (P = 0.04 for both). However, use of antiretroviral drugs protected the patients from Candida carriage (P = 0.03), especially from C. albicans (P = 0.02). In conclusion, while HIV-infected individuals had a similar prevalence of oral Candida carriage to that of the control group, host immune status, tuberculosis infection, and contraceptive use may influence oral colonization of Candida, especially of the non-albicans species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panida Thanyasrisung
- Department of Microbiology and DRU on Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyanate Kesakomol
- Interdepartmental Program in Medical Microbiology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patchara Pipattanagovit
- Department of Microbiology and DRU on Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Waranuch Pitiphat
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Oranart Matangkasombut
- Department of Microbiology and DRU on Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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27
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Pence MA, McElvania TeKippe E, Burnham CAD. Diagnostic Assays for Identification of Microorganisms and Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants Directly from Positive Blood Culture Broth. Clin Lab Med 2013; 33:651-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Advances in identification of clinical yeast isolates by use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:1359-66. [PMID: 23426924 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.03105-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based identification is being adopted by clinical laboratories for routine identification of microorganisms. To date, the majority of studies have focused on the performance and optimization of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of bacterial isolates. We review recent literature describing the use of MALDI-TOF MS for the routine identification of a variety of yeasts and yeast-like isolates. Specific topics include the effect of optimized or streamlined extraction methods, modified scoring thresholds, expanded reference libraries, and the possibility of conducting antifungal susceptibility testing using MALDI-TOF MS.
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Abstract
Fungi and yeasts are critical causes of acute infection. As such, the detection and identification of these organisms are crucial in the diagnosis of affected patient populations. There is a vast array of commercial tests currently available for diagnostic purposes. These vary from traditional culture and biochemical methods to advanced multiparameter molecular tests. Recent technological advances have driven the development of rapid tests which are complementing and in some cases replacing the more traditional methods of detection. Irrespective of the method used the ultimate goal is timely detection of the infectious agent allowing appropriate treatment and improved outcome for the patient.
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Farah CS, Lynch N, McCullough MJ. Oral fungal infections: an update for the general practitioner. Aust Dent J 2010; 55 Suppl 1:48-54. [PMID: 20553244 DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oral candidosis is the most common fungal infection encountered in general dental practice. It manifests in a variety of clinical presentations which may mimic more sinister diseases, and can occasionally be refractory to treatment requiring the attention of an oral medicine specialist. Management of oral candidosis should always include a thorough investigation of underlying predisposing conditions, as the disease often presents when the patient is systemically compromised. This update highlights the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management strategies of oral Candidal lesions commonly encountered in dental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Farah
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane.
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Ozcan K, Ilkit M, Ates A, Turac-Bicer A, Demirhindi H. Performance of Chromogenic Candida agar and CHROMagar Candida in recovery and presumptive identification of monofungal and polyfungal vaginal isolates. Med Mycol 2010; 48:29-34. [PMID: 19191167 DOI: 10.3109/13693780802713224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromogenic Candida agar (OCCA) is a novel medium facilitating isolation and identification of Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei, as well as indicating polyfungal population in clinical samples. We compare the performance of OCCA, to CHROMagar Candida (CAC) and Sabouraud chloramphenicol agar (SCA). Vaginal swab samples from 392 women were simultaneously inoculated onto three study media. A total of 161 (41.1%) were found to be positive for fungi of which 140 (87%) were monofungal, and 21 (13%) polyfungal. One-hundred and fifty-seven samples (97.5%) were positive on CAC, 156 (96.9%) on OCCA, 148 (91.9%) on SCA and 144 (89.4%) samples were positive on all three media. The yeasts were identified by conventional methods including germ tube test, microscopic morphology on cornmeal-Tween 80 agar, and the commercial API 20C AUX. The 182 isolates were C. albicans (n = 104), C. glabrata (n = 51), C. krusei (n = 7), C. tropicalis (n = 5), C. famata (n = 3), C. kefyr (n = 3), C. zeylanoides (n = 3), C. colliculosa (n = 2), and other species of Candida (n = 4). Among the 21 polyfungal populations, 20 (95.2%) were detected in OCCA, 14 (66.7%) in CAC, and 13 (61.9%) in CAC and OCCA (P <0.05). Most polyfungal populations (47.6%) yielded C. albicans + C. glabrata. The efficiency of both chromogenic media for C. albicans was >or=92.9% at 72 h. OCCA is more efficient and reliable for rapidly identifying C. albicans and polyfungal populations than CAC. However, CAC is more efficient for identifying C. krusei and C. tropicalis. A chromogenic agar with a higher isolation rate of yeasts and better detection of polyfungal populations than SCA, is suggested as a medium of first choice when available.
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Alfonso C, López M, Arechavala A, Perrone MDC, Guelfand L, Bianchi M. [Presumptive identification of Candida spp. and other clinically important yeasts: usefulness of Brilliance Candida Agar]. Rev Iberoam Micol 2010; 27:90-3. [PMID: 20346288 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections caused by yeasts have increased during the last decades and invasive forms represent a serious problem for human health. Candida albicans is the species most frequently isolated from clinical samples. However, other emerging yeast pathogens are increasingly responsible for mycotic infections, and some of them are resistant to some antifungal drugs. Consequently, it is necessary to have methods that can provide a rapid presumptive identification at species level. Numerous chromogenic agar media have been shown to be of value as diagnostic tools. We have compared a chromogenic medium, Brilliance Candida Agar, with CHROMagar Candida, the chromogenic medium most used in our country. A multicentre study was conducted in 16 Hospitals belonging to the Mycology Net of Buenos Aires City Government. A total of 240 yeast isolates were included in this research. The new chromogenic agar showed results very similar to those obtained with CHROMagar Candida.
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