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Primorac D, Šarac J, Havaš Auguštin D, Novokmet N, Bego T, Pinhasi R, Šlaus M, Novak M, Marjanović D. Y Chromosome Story-Ancient Genetic Data as a Supplementary Tool for the Analysis of Modern Croatian Genetic Pool. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:748. [PMID: 38927684 PMCID: PMC11202852 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to its turbulent demographic history, marked by extensive settlement and gene flow from diverse regions of Eurasia, Southeastern Europe (SEE) has consistently served as a genetic crossroads between East and West and a junction for the migrations that reshaped Europe's population. SEE, including modern Croatian territory, was a crucial passage from the Near East and even more distant regions and human populations in this region, as almost any other European population represents a remarkable genetic mixture. Modern humans have continuously occupied this region since the Upper Paleolithic era, and different (pre)historical events have left a distinctive genetic signature on the historical narrative of this region. Our views of its history have been mostly renewed in the last few decades by extraordinary data obtained from Y-chromosome studies. In recent times, the international research community, bringing together geneticists and archaeologists, has steadily released a growing number of ancient genomes from this region, shedding more light on its complex past population dynamics and shaping the genetic pool in Croatia and this part of Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Primorac
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
- The Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Regiomed Kliniken, 96450 Coburg, Germany
- Medical School, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar 382007, India
| | - Jelena Šarac
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Gajeva 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Havaš Auguštin
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Gajeva 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Natalija Novokmet
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Gajeva 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamer Bego
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ron Pinhasi
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences (HEAS), University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Šlaus
- Anthropological Center, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Novak
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Gajeva 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage, Faculty of Humanities, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Damir Marjanović
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Gajeva 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- International Burch University, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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2
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Lazaridis I, Alpaslan-Roodenberg S, Acar A, Açıkkol A, Agelarakis A, Aghikyan L, Akyüz U, Andreeva D, Andrijašević G, Antonović D, Armit I, Atmaca A, Avetisyan P, Aytek Aİ, Bacvarov K, Badalyan R, Bakardzhiev S, Balen J, Bejko L, Bernardos R, Bertsatos A, Biber H, Bilir A, Bodružić M, Bonogofsky M, Bonsall C, Borić D, Borovinić N, Bravo Morante G, Buttinger K, Callan K, Candilio F, Carić M, Cheronet O, Chohadzhiev S, Chovalopoulou ME, Chryssoulaki S, Ciobanu I, Čondić N, Constantinescu M, Cristiani E, Culleton BJ, Curtis E, Davis J, Demcenco TI, Dergachev V, Derin Z, Deskaj S, Devejyan S, Djordjević V, Duffett Carlson KS, Eccles LR, Elenski N, Engin A, Erdoğan N, Erir-Pazarcı S, Fernandes DM, Ferry M, Freilich S, Frînculeasa A, Galaty ML, Gamarra B, Gasparyan B, Gaydarska B, Genç E, Gültekin T, Gündüz S, Hajdu T, Heyd V, Hobosyan S, Hovhannisyan N, Iliev I, Iliev L, Iliev S, İvgin İ, Janković I, Jovanova L, Karkanas P, Kavaz-Kındığılı B, Kaya EH, Keating D, Kennett DJ, Deniz Kesici S, Khudaverdyan A, Kiss K, Kılıç S, Klostermann P, Kostak Boca Negra Valdes S, Kovačević S, Krenz-Niedbała M, Krznarić Škrivanko M, Kurti R, Kuzman P, Lawson AM, Lazar C, Leshtakov K, Levy TE, Liritzis I, Lorentz KO, Łukasik S, Mah M, Mallick S, Mandl K, Martirosyan-Olshansky K, Matthews R, Matthews W, McSweeney K, Melikyan V, Micco A, Michel M, Milašinović L, Mittnik A, Monge JM, Nekhrizov G, Nicholls R, Nikitin AG, Nikolov V, Novak M, Olalde I, Oppenheimer J, Osterholtz A, Özdemir C, Özdoğan KT, Öztürk N, Papadimitriou N, Papakonstantinou N, Papathanasiou A, Paraman L, Paskary EG, Patterson N, Petrakiev I, Petrosyan L, Petrova V, Philippa-Touchais A, Piliposyan A, Pocuca Kuzman N, Potrebica H, Preda-Bălănică B, Premužić Z, Price TD, Qiu L, Radović S, Raeuf Aziz K, Rajić Šikanjić P, Rasheed Raheem K, Razumov S, Richardson A, Roodenberg J, Ruka R, Russeva V, Şahin M, Şarbak A, Savaş E, Schattke C, Schepartz L, Selçuk T, Sevim-Erol A, Shamoon-Pour M, Shephard HM, Sideris A, Simalcsik A, Simonyan H, Sinika V, Sirak K, Sirbu G, Šlaus M, Soficaru A, Söğüt B, Sołtysiak A, Sönmez-Sözer Ç, Stathi M, Steskal M, Stewardson K, Stocker S, Suata-Alpaslan F, Suvorov A, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Szeniczey T, Telnov N, Temov S, Todorova N, Tota U, Touchais G, Triantaphyllou S, Türker A, Ugarković M, Valchev T, Veljanovska F, Videvski Z, Virag C, Wagner A, Walsh S, Włodarczak P, Workman JN, Yardumian A, Yarovoy E, Yavuz AY, Yılmaz H, Zalzala F, Zettl A, Zhang Z, Çavuşoğlu R, Rohland N, Pinhasi R, Reich D. The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe. Science 2022; 377:eabm4247. [PMID: 36007055 PMCID: PMC10064553 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm4247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in Southeastern Europe and West Asia) over 10,000 years, we contextualize its Chalcolithic period and Bronze Age (about 5000 to 1000 BCE), when extensive gene flow entangled it with the Eurasian steppe. Two streams of migration transmitted Caucasus and Anatolian/Levantine ancestry northward, and the Yamnaya pastoralists, formed on the steppe, then spread southward into the Balkans and across the Caucasus into Armenia, where they left numerous patrilineal descendants. Anatolia was transformed by intra-West Asian gene flow, with negligible impact of the later Yamnaya migrations. This contrasts with all other regions where Indo-European languages were spoken, suggesting that the homeland of the Indo-Anatolian language family was in West Asia, with only secondary dispersals of non-Anatolian Indo-Europeans from the steppe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iosif Lazaridis
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ayşe Acar
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Letters, Mardin Artuklu University, 47510 Artuklu, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Ayşen Açıkkol
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Letters, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | | | - Levon Aghikyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Uğur Akyüz
- Samsun Museum of Archeology and Ethnography, Kale Mahallesi, Merkez, İlkadım, 55030 Samsun, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Ian Armit
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, York YO1 7EP, UK
| | - Alper Atmaca
- Amasya Archaeology Museum, Mustafa Kemal Paşa Caddesi, 05000 Amasya, Turkey
| | - Pavel Avetisyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ahmet İhsan Aytek
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Burdur Mehmet Akif University, 15100 Burdur, Turkey
| | - Krum Bacvarov
- National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ruben Badalyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | | | - Lorenc Bejko
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Tirana, 1010 Tirana, Albania
| | - Rebecca Bernardos
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andreas Bertsatos
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
| | - Hanifi Biber
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65090 Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bilir
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Düzce University, 81620 Düzce, Turkey
| | | | | | - Clive Bonsall
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Dušan Borić
- The Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nikola Borovinić
- Center for Conservation and Archaeology of Montenegro, 81250 Cetinje, Montenegro
| | | | - Katharina Buttinger
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kim Callan
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Mario Carić
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olivia Cheronet
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Chohadzhiev
- Department of Archaeology, University of Veliko Tarnovo "St. Cyril and St. Methodius," 5003 Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria
| | - Maria-Eleni Chovalopoulou
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
| | - Stella Chryssoulaki
- Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports, Ephorate of Antiquities of Piraeus and the Islands, 10682 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Ion Ciobanu
- "Orheiul Vechi" Cultural-Natural Reserve, Institute of Bioarchaeological and Ethnocultural Research, 3552 Butuceni, Moldova.,National Archaeological Agency, 2012 Chișinău, Moldova
| | | | | | - Emanuela Cristiani
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Brendan J Culleton
- Institutes of Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Elizabeth Curtis
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jack Davis
- Department of Classics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | | | - Valentin Dergachev
- Center of Archaeology, Institute of Cultural Heritage, Academy of Science of Moldova, 2001 Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Zafer Derin
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Letters, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sylvia Deskaj
- Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Seda Devejyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | | | - Laurie R Eccles
- Human Paleoecology and Isotope Geochemistry Lab, Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nedko Elenski
- Regional Museum of History - Veliko Tarnovo, 5000 Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria
| | - Atilla Engin
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Nihat Erdoğan
- Mardin Archaeological Museum, Şar, Cumhuriyet Meydanı üstü, 47100 Artuklu, Mardin, Turkey
| | | | - Daniel M Fernandes
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.,Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Matthew Ferry
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Suzanne Freilich
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alin Frînculeasa
- Prahova County Museum of History and Archaeology, 100042 Ploiești, Romania
| | - Michael L Galaty
- Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Beatriz Gamarra
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament d'Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain.,School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Boris Gasparyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Elif Genç
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Çukurova University, 01330 Balçalı-Sarıçam-Adana, Turkey
| | - Timur Gültekin
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities, Ankara University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serkan Gündüz
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Bursa Uludağ University, 16059 Görükle, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Tamás Hajdu
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Volker Heyd
- Department of Cultures, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suren Hobosyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Nelli Hovhannisyan
- Department of Ecology and Nature Protection, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Iliya Iliev
- Yambol Regional Historical Museum, 8600 Yambol, Bulgaria
| | - Lora Iliev
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - İlkay İvgin
- Ministry of Culture and Tourism, İsmet İnönü Bulvarı, 06100 Emek, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ivor Janković
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lence Jovanova
- Museum of the City of Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Panagiotis Karkanas
- Malcolm H. Wiener Laboratory, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Berna Kavaz-Kındığılı
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Letters, Atatürk University, 25100 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Esra Hilal Kaya
- Muğla Archaeological Museum and Yatağan Thermal Power Generation Company, Rescue Excavations, 48000 Muğla, Turkey
| | - Denise Keating
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Douglas J Kennett
- Institutes of Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Seda Deniz Kesici
- Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archeology, Çarşı Neighbourhood, 48400 Bodrum, Muğla, Turkey
| | | | - Krisztián Kiss
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sinan Kılıç
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65090 Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Paul Klostermann
- Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Rovena Kurti
- Prehistory Department, Albanian Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Albanian Studies, 1000 Tirana, Albania
| | - Pasko Kuzman
- National Museum in Ohrid, 6000 Ohrid, North Macedonia
| | - Ann Marie Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Catalin Lazar
- ArchaeoSciences Division, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Krassimir Leshtakov
- Department of Archaeology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Thomas E Levy
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ioannis Liritzis
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development and the Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Laboratory of Yellow River Cultural Heritage, Henan University, 475001 Kaifeng, China.,European Academy of Sciences and Arts, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kirsi O Lorentz
- Science and Technology in Archaeology and Culture Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 2121 Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sylwia Łukasik
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Matthew Mah
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Swapan Mallick
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kirsten Mandl
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Roger Matthews
- Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Wendy Matthews
- Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Kathleen McSweeney
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Varduhi Melikyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Adam Micco
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Megan Michel
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Alissa Mittnik
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janet M Monge
- University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Georgi Nekhrizov
- National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rebecca Nicholls
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Alexey G Nikitin
- Department of Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401, USA
| | - Vassil Nikolov
- National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mario Novak
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iñigo Olalde
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jonas Oppenheimer
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Osterholtz
- Department of Anthropology and Middle Eastern Cultures, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Celal Özdemir
- Amasya Archaeology Museum, Mustafa Kemal Paşa Caddesi, 05000 Amasya, Turkey
| | - Kadir Toykan Özdoğan
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nurettin Öztürk
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Letters, Atatürk University, 25100 Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Niki Papakonstantinou
- Faculty of Philosophy, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Papathanasiou
- Ephorate of Paleoantropology and Speleology, Greek Ministry of Culture, 11636 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Nick Patterson
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ilian Petrakiev
- Regional Museum of History - Veliko Tarnovo, 5000 Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria
| | - Levon Petrosyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Vanya Petrova
- Department of Archaeology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Ashot Piliposyan
- Department of Armenian History, Armenian State Pedagogical University After Khachatur Abovyan, 0010 Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Hrvoje Potrebica
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - T Douglas Price
- Laboratory for Archaeological Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lijun Qiu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Siniša Radović
- Institute for Quaternary Paleontology and Geology, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kamal Raeuf Aziz
- Sulaymaniyah Directorate of Antiquities and Heritage, 46010 Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Petra Rajić Šikanjić
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Sergei Razumov
- Pridnestrovian University named after Taras Shevchenko, 3300 Tiraspol, Moldova
| | - Amy Richardson
- Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Jacob Roodenberg
- The Netherlands Institute for the Near East, 2311 Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rudenc Ruka
- Prehistory Department, Albanian Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Albanian Studies, 1000 Tirana, Albania
| | - Victoria Russeva
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Archeology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mustafa Şahin
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Bursa Uludağ University, 16059 Görükle, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Şarbak
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Hitit University, 19040 Çorum, Turkey
| | - Emre Savaş
- Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archeology, Çarşı Neighbourhood, 48400 Bodrum, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Constanze Schattke
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lynne Schepartz
- School of Anatomical Sciences, The University of the Witwatersrand, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tayfun Selçuk
- Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archeology, Çarşı Neighbourhood, 48400 Bodrum, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Ayla Sevim-Erol
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Language and History - Geography, Ankara University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michel Shamoon-Pour
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | | | - Athanasios Sideris
- Institute of Classical Archaeology, Charles University, 11636 Prague, Czechia
| | - Angela Simalcsik
- "Orheiul Vechi" Cultural-Natural Reserve, Institute of Bioarchaeological and Ethnocultural Research, 3552 Butuceni, Moldova.,"Olga Necrasov" Centre of Anthropological Research, Romanian Academy Iași Branch, 2012 Iaşi Romania
| | - Hakob Simonyan
- Scientific Research Center of the Historical and Cultural Heritage, 0010 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Vitalij Sinika
- Pridnestrovian University named after Taras Shevchenko, 3300 Tiraspol, Moldova
| | - Kendra Sirak
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ghenadie Sirbu
- Thracology Scientific Research Laboratory of the State University of Moldova, Department of Academic Management, Academy of Science of Moldova, 2009 Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Mario Šlaus
- Anthropological Center of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrei Soficaru
- "Francisc I. Rainer" Institute of Anthropology, 050711 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bilal Söğüt
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Pamukkale University, 20070 Denizli, Turkey
| | | | - Çilem Sönmez-Sözer
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Language and History - Geography, Ankara University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maria Stathi
- Ephorate of Antiquities of East Attica, Ministry of Culture and Sports, 10682 Athens, Greece
| | - Martin Steskal
- Austrian Archaeological Institute at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristin Stewardson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sharon Stocker
- Department of Classics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Fadime Suata-Alpaslan
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Letters, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alexander Suvorov
- Department of Cultures, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Szécsényi-Nagy
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szeniczey
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolai Telnov
- Pridnestrovian University named after Taras Shevchenko, 3300 Tiraspol, Moldova
| | - Strahil Temov
- Archaeology Museum of North Macedonia, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Nadezhda Todorova
- Department of Archaeology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ulsi Tota
- Prehistory Department, Albanian Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Albanian Studies, 1000 Tirana, Albania.,Culture and Patrimony Department, University of Avignon, F-84029 Avignon, France
| | - Gilles Touchais
- Department of the History of Art and Archaeology, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Sevi Triantaphyllou
- Faculty of Philosophy, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Atila Türker
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Atakum-Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - Todor Valchev
- Yambol Regional Historical Museum, 8600 Yambol, Bulgaria
| | | | - Zlatko Videvski
- Archaeology Museum of North Macedonia, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | - Anna Wagner
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sam Walsh
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Piotr Włodarczak
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-016 Kraków, Poland
| | - J Noah Workman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aram Yardumian
- Department of History and Social Sciences, Bryn Athyn College, Bryn Athyn, PA 19009, USA.,Penn Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Evgenii Yarovoy
- History of the Ancient World and Middle Ages Department, Moscow Region State University, Moscow Region, 141014 Mytishi, Russia
| | - Alper Yener Yavuz
- Department of Anthropology, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Istiklal Campus, 15100 Burdur, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yılmaz
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65090 Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Fatma Zalzala
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Zettl
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rafet Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65090 Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Nadin Rohland
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ron Pinhasi
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.,Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Reich
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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3
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Mitochondrial DNA Profiles of Individuals from a 12th Century Necropolis in Feldioara (Transylvania). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030436. [PMID: 33808521 PMCID: PMC8003334 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic signature of modern Europeans is the cumulated result of millennia of discrete small-scale exchanges between multiple distinct population groups that performed a repeated cycle of movement, settlement, and interactions with each other. In this study we aimed to highlight one such minute genetic cycle in a sea of genetic interactions by reconstructing part of the genetic story of the migration, settlement, interaction, and legacy of what is today the Transylvanian Saxon. The analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region of 13 medieval individuals from Feldioara necropolis (Transylvania region, Romania) reveals a genetically heterogeneous group where all identified haplotypes are different. Most of the perceived maternal lineages are of Western Eurasian origin, except for the Central Asiatic haplogroup C seen in only one sample. Comparisons with historical and modern populations describe the contribution of the investigated Saxon settlers to the genetic history of this part of Europe.
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4
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Mitochondrial DNA (hypervariable region I) diversity in Basrah population - Iraq. Genomics 2020; 112:3560-3564. [PMID: 32289467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In attempt to investigate the origin of Basrah, we examined the mitochondrial DNA(mt-DNA) variations by hypervariable segment 1(HVS1) Sequencing and determination of specific site haplogroups. In Basrah, no significant differences diversity among Iraqis' HVS1 compared with other countries. The values were within the range of gene diversity across the Middle East and exhibited the unimodal pattern of differences in the pairwise sequence. Given the small genetic differences between people living in this area, phylogenetic analysis showed a large variability of the communities of Basrah; they didn't cluster on the phylogenetic tree.
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5
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Allen KG, Mills RD, Knudson KJ, von Cramon-Taubadel N. Biological diversity in an Islamic archaeological population: A radiogenic strontium isotope and craniometric analysis of affinity in Ottoman Romania. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 171:569-583. [PMID: 31903549 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Written accounts, as well as a previous craniometric study, indicate that migrations of non-Europeans and conversions of Europeans to Islam define Ottoman communities in Early Modern Europe. What is less clear are the roles of migration and admixture in generating intra-communal variation. This study combines craniometric with strontium isotope data to compare the cranial affinities of locally born and immigrant individuals. We predict that locally born individuals are more likely than non-locals to show evidence of admixture. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radiogenic strontium isotope data for 21 Ottomans were compared against archaeological faunal values. Sixteen individuals with intact crania were also measured and compared against two comparative source populations from Anatolia and Europe. Discriminant function analysis assigned unclassified Ottoans to either comparative group based on typicality probabilities, with potential admixture established via intermediate morphology between the two source populations. RESULTS Strontium isotope values revealed relatively high proportions of non-locals, consistent with high mobility documented historically. The sexes differed, with more males classifying as "typically Anatolian" than females. Locals and non-locals also had different cranial affinity patterns, with most classifying either as "typically Anatolian" or "typically European." Contrary to expectation, none of the locals were identified as intermediate, suggesting admixture rates were relatively low. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with historical records, the results revealed high levels of extra-regional migration, with most individuals identifiable as either typically Anatolian or European. Moreover, locals and non-locals differed craniometrically, with no signs of admixture between Anatolian migrants and European converts in locals. This suggests intra-communal divisions were maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Grow Allen
- Buffalo Human Evolutionary Morphology Lab, Department of Anthropology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Ryan D Mills
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kelly J Knudson
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Noreen von Cramon-Taubadel
- Buffalo Human Evolutionary Morphology Lab, Department of Anthropology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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6
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Barbarić L, Lipovac K, Sukser V, Rožić S, Korolija M, Zimmermann B, Parson W. Maternal perspective of Croatian genetic diversity. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 44:102190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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7
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Distinct genetic variation and heterogeneity of the Iranian population. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008385. [PMID: 31550250 PMCID: PMC6759149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iran, despite its size, geographic location and past cultural influence, has largely been a blind spot for human population genetic studies. With only sparse genetic information on the Iranian population available, we pursued its genome-wide and geographic characterization based on 1021 samples from eleven ethnic groups. We show that Iranians, while close to neighboring populations, present distinct genetic variation consistent with long-standing genetic continuity, harbor high heterogeneity and different levels of consanguinity, fall apart into a cluster of similar groups and several admixed ones and have experienced numerous language adoption events in the past. Our findings render Iran an important source for human genetic variation in Western and Central Asia, will guide adequate study sampling and assist the interpretation of putative disease-implicated genetic variation. Given Iran's internal genetic heterogeneity, future studies will have to consider ethnic affiliations and possible admixture.
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Ralf A, van Oven M, Montiel González D, de Knijff P, van der Beek K, Wootton S, Lagacé R, Kayser M. Forensic Y-SNP analysis beyond SNaPshot: High-resolution Y-chromosomal haplogrouping from low quality and quantity DNA using Ion AmpliSeq and targeted massively parallel sequencing. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 41:93-106. [PMID: 31063905 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Y-chromosomal haplogroups assigned from male-specific Y-chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) allow paternal lineage identification and paternal bio-geographic ancestry inference, both being relevant in forensic genetics. However, most previously developed forensic Y-SNP tools did not provide Y haplogroup resolution on the high level needed in forensic applications, because the limited multiplex capacity of the DNA technologies used only allowed the inclusion of a relatively small number of Y-SNPs. In a proof-of-principle study, we recently demonstrated that high-resolution Y haplogrouping is feasible via two AmpliSeq PCR analyses and simultaneous massively parallel sequencing (MPS) of 530 Y-SNPs allowing the inference of 432 Y-haplogroups. With the current study, we present a largely improved Y-SNP MPS lab tool that we specifically designed for the analysis of low quality and quantity DNA often confronted with in forensic DNA analysis. Improvements include i) Y-SNP marker selection based on the "minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome" (PhyloTree Y), ii) strong increase of the number of targeted Y-SNPs allowing many more Y haplogroups to be inferred, iii) focus on short amplicon length enabling successful analysis of degraded DNA, and iv) combination of all amplicons in a single AmpliSeq PCR and simultaneous sequencing allowing single DNA aliquot use. This new MPS tool simultaneously analyses 859 Y-SNPs and allows inferring 640 Y haplogroups. Preliminary forensic developmental validation testing revealed that this tool performs highly accurate, is sensitive and robust. We also provide a revised software tool for analysing the sequencing data produced by the new MPS lab tool including final Y haplogroup assignment. We envision the tools introduced here for high-resolution Y-chromosomal haplogrouping to determine a man's paternal lineage and/or paternal bio-geographic ancestry to become widely used in forensic Y-chromosome DNA analysis and other applications were Y haplogroup information from low quality / quantity DNA samples is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwin Ralf
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mannis van Oven
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diego Montiel González
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter de Knijff
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kees van der Beek
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, Laan van Ypenburg 6, 2497 GB, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Sharon Wootton
- Human Identification Group, Thermo Fisher Scientific, 180 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Robert Lagacé
- Human Identification Group, Thermo Fisher Scientific, 180 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Manfred Kayser
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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9
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De Angelis F, Scorrano G, Martínez-Labarga C, Scano G, Macciardi F, Rickards O. Mitochondrial variability in the Mediterranean area: a complex stage for human migrations. Ann Hum Biol 2018; 45:5-19. [PMID: 29382277 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2017.1416172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The Mediterranean area has always played a significant role in human dispersal due to the large number of migratory events contributing to shape the cultural features and the genetic pool of its populations. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to review and diachronically describe the mitogenome variability in the Mediterranean population and the main demic diffusions that occurred in this area over time. METHODS Frequency distributions of the leading mitochondrial haplogroups have been geographically and chronologically evaluated. The variability of U5b and K lineages has been focussed to broaden the knowledge of their genetic histories. RESULTS The mitochondrial genetic makeup of Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers is poorly defined within the extant Mediterranean populations, since only a few traces of their genetic contribution are still detectable. The Neolithic lineages are more represented, suggesting that the Neolithic revolution had a marked effect on the peopling of the Mediterranean area. The largest effect, however, was provided by historical migrations. CONCLUSION Although the mitogenome variability has been widely used to try and clarify the evolution of the Mediterranean genetic makeup throughout almost 50 000 years, it is necessary to collect whole genome data on both extinct and extant populations from this area to fully reconstruct and interpret the impact of multiple migratory waves and their cultural and genetic consequences on the structure of the Mediterranean populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio De Angelis
- a Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Gabriele Scorrano
- a Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Cristina Martínez-Labarga
- a Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Giuseppina Scano
- a Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- b Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior , University of California , Irvine , CA , USA
| | - Olga Rickards
- a Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
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10
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Rusu I, Modi A, Vai S, Pilli E, Mircea C, Radu C, Urduzia C, Pinter ZK, Bodolică V, Dobrinescu C, Hervella M, Popescu O, Lari M, Caramelli D, Kelemen B. Maternal DNA lineages at the gate of Europe in the 10th century AD. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29538439 PMCID: PMC5851556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the paucity of archaeogenetic data available for medieval European populations in comparison to other historical periods, the genetic landscape of this age appears as a puzzle of dispersed, small, known pieces. In particular, Southeastern Europe has been scarcely investigated to date. In this paper, we report the study of mitochondrial DNA in 10th century AD human samples from Capidava necropolis, located in Dobruja (Southeastern Romania, Southeastern Europe). This geographical region is particularly interesting because of the extensive population flux following diverse migration routes, and the complex interactions between distinct population groups during the medieval period. We successfully amplified and typed the mitochondrial control region of 10 individuals. For five of them, we also reconstructed the complete mitochondrial genomes using hybridization-based DNA capture combined with Next Generation Sequencing. We have portrayed the genetic structure of the Capidava medieval population, represented by 10 individuals displaying 8 haplotypes (U5a1c2a, V1a, R0a2’3, H1, U3a, N9a9, H5e1a1, and H13a1a3). Remarkable for this site is the presence of both Central Asiatic (N9a) and common European mtDNA haplotypes, establishing Capidava as a point of convergence between East and West. The distribution of mtDNA lineages in the necropolis highlighted the existence of two groups of two individuals with close maternal relationships as they share the same haplotypes. We also sketch, using comparative statistical and population genetic analyses, the genetic relationships between the investigated dataset and other medieval and modern Eurasian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Rusu
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- * E-mail: (IR); (AM)
| | - Alessandra Modi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
- * E-mail: (IR); (AM)
| | - Stefania Vai
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Pilli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Mircea
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudia Radu
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of History and Philosophy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Zeno Karl Pinter
- Department of History, Heritage and Protestant Theology, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
- Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities, Romanian Academy, Sibiu, Romania
| | - Vitalie Bodolică
- Department of Research-Development and Projects, Museum of National History and Archeology, Constanța, Romania
| | - Cătălin Dobrinescu
- Department of Research-Development and Projects, Museum of National History and Archeology, Constanța, Romania
| | - Montserrat Hervella
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Octavian Popescu
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Martina Lari
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - David Caramelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Beatrice Kelemen
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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11
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Šebest L, Baldovič M, Frtús A, Bognár C, Kyselicová K, Kádasi Ľ, Beňuš R. Detection of mitochondrial haplogroups in a small avar-slavic population from the eigth-ninth century AD. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 165:536-553. [PMID: 29345305 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the sixth century AD, Avars came to Central Europe from middle Eurasian steppes and founded a strong Empire called the Avar Khagante (568-799/803 AD) in the Pannonian basin. During the existence of this empire, they undertook many military and pugnacious campaigns. In the seventh century, they conquered the northern territory inhabited by Slavs, who were further recruited in Avar military and were commissioned with obtaining food supplies. During almost 200 years of Avar domination, a significant influence by the Avar culture (especially on the burial rite) and assimilation with indigenous population (occurrence of "East Asian"cranial features) could be noticed in this mixed area, which is supported by achaeological and anthropologcal research. Therefore we expected higher incidence of east Eurasian haplogroups (introduced by Avars) than the frequencies detected in present-day central European populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mitochondrial DNA from 62 human skeletal remains excavated from the Avar-Slavic burial site Cífer-Pác (Slovakia) dated to the eighth and ninth century was analyzed by the sequencing of hypervariable region I and selected parts of coding region. Obtained haplotypes were compared with other present-day and historical populations and genetic distances were calculated using standard statistical method. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In total, the detection of mitochondrial haplogroups was possible in 46 individuals. Our results prooved a higher frequency of east Eurasian haplogroups in our analyzed population (6.52%) than in present-day central European populations. However, it is almost three times lower than the frequency of east Eurasian haplogroups detected in other medieval Avar populations. The statistical analysis showed a greater similarity and the lowest genetic distances between the Avar-Slavic burial site Cifer-Pac and medieval European populations than the South Siberian, East and Central Asian populations. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the transfer of Avar genetic variation through their mtDNA was rather weak in the analyzed mixed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Šebest
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovak Republic
| | - Marian Baldovič
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovak Republic
| | - Adam Frtús
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovak Republic
| | - Csaba Bognár
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovak Republic
| | - Klaudia Kyselicová
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, Bratislava 813 72, Slovak Republic.,Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľudevít Kádasi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovak Republic.,Biomedical Research Center Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Radoslav Beňuš
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovak Republic
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12
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Heraclides A, Bashiardes E, Fernández-Domínguez E, Bertoncini S, Chimonas M, Christofi V, King J, Budowle B, Manoli P, Cariolou MA. Y-chromosomal analysis of Greek Cypriots reveals a primarily common pre-Ottoman paternal ancestry with Turkish Cypriots. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179474. [PMID: 28622394 PMCID: PMC5473566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetics can provide invaluable information on the ancestry of the current inhabitants of Cyprus. A Y-chromosome analysis was performed to (i) determine paternal ancestry among the Greek Cypriot (GCy) community in the context of the Central and Eastern Mediterranean and the Near East; and (ii) identify genetic similarities and differences between Greek Cypriots (GCy) and Turkish Cypriots (TCy). Our haplotype-based analysis has revealed that GCy and TCy patrilineages derive primarily from a single gene pool and show very close genetic affinity (low genetic differentiation) to Calabrian Italian and Lebanese patrilineages. In terms of more recent (past millennium) ancestry, as indicated by Y-haplotype sharing, GCy and TCy share much more haplotypes between them than with any surrounding population (7-8% of total haplotypes shared), while TCy also share around 3% of haplotypes with mainland Turks, and to a lesser extent with North Africans. In terms of Y-haplogroup frequencies, again GCy and TCy show very similar distributions, with the predominant haplogroups in both being J2a-M410, E-M78, and G2-P287. Overall, GCy also have a similar Y-haplogroup distribution to non-Turkic Anatolian and Southwest Caucasian populations, as well as Cretan Greeks. TCy show a slight shift towards Turkish populations, due to the presence of Eastern Eurasian (some of which of possible Ottoman origin) Y-haplogroups. Overall, the Y-chromosome analysis performed, using both Y-STR haplotype and binary Y-haplogroup data puts Cypriot in the middle of a genetic continuum stretching from the Levant to Southeast Europe and reveals that despite some differences in haplotype sharing and haplogroup structure, Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots share primarily a common pre-Ottoman paternal ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Heraclides
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics and The Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Evy Bashiardes
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics and The Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Marios Chimonas
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics and The Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vasilis Christofi
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics and The Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jonathan King
- Center for Human Identification, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bruce Budowle
- Center for Human Identification, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Panayiotis Manoli
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics and The Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marios A. Cariolou
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics and The Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
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13
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Ehler E, Vanek D. Forensic genetic analyses in isolated populations with examples of central European Valachs and Roma. J Forensic Leg Med 2017; 48:46-52. [PMID: 28454050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Isolated populations present a constant threat to the correctness of forensic genetic casework. In this review article we present several examples of how analyzing samples from isolated populations can bias the results of the forensic statistics and analyses. We select our examples from isolated populations from central and southeastern Europe, namely the Valachs and the European Roma. We also provide the reader with general strategies and principles to improve the laboratory practice (best practice) and reporting of samples from supposedly isolated populations. These include reporting the precise population data used for computing the forensic statistics, using the appropriate θ correction factor for calculating allele frequencies, typing ancestry informative markers in samples of unknown or uncertain ethnicity and establishing ethnic-specific forensic databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvard Ehler
- Department of Biology and Environmental Studies, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Education, Magdaleny Rettigove 4, Prague, 116 39, Czech Republic; Institute of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Daniel Vanek
- Forensic DNA Service, Janovskeho 18, Prague 7, 170 00, Czech Republic; Charles University in Prague, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, V Uvalu 84, Prague, 150 06, Czech Republic; Nemocnice Na Bulovce, Institute of Legal Medicine, Budinova 2, Prague, 180 81, Czech Republic.
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14
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Cocoş R, Schipor S, Hervella M, Cianga P, Popescu R, Bănescu C, Constantinescu M, Martinescu A, Raicu F. Genetic affinities among the historical provinces of Romania and Central Europe as revealed by an mtDNA analysis. BMC Genet 2017; 18:20. [PMID: 28270115 PMCID: PMC5341396 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a major crossroads between Asia and Europe, Romania has experienced continuous migration and invasion episodes. The precise routes may have been shaped by the topology of the territory and had diverse impacts on the genetic structure of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in historical Romanian provinces. We studied 714 Romanians from all historical provinces, Wallachia, Dobrudja, Moldavia, and Transylvania, by analyzing the mtDNA control region and coding markers to encompass the complete landscape of mtDNA haplogroups. Results We observed a homogenous distribution of the majority of haplogroups among the Romanian provinces and a clear association with the European populations. A principal component analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis supported the genetic similarity of the Wallachia, Moldavia, and Dobrudja groups with the Balkans, while the Transylvania population was closely related to Central European groups. These findings could be explained by the topology of the Romanian territory, where the Carpathian Arch played an important role in migration patterns. Signals of Asian maternal lineages were observed in all Romanian historical provinces, indicating gene flow along the migration routes through East Asia and Europe. Conclusions Our current findings based on the mtDNA analysis of populations in historical provinces of Romania suggest similarity between populations in Transylvania and Central Europe, supported both by the observed clines in haplogroup frequencies for several European and Asian maternal lineages and MDS analyses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-017-0487-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Relu Cocoş
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chair of Medical Genetics, 19-21, Prof. dr. Dimitrie Gerota St., 020032, Bucharest, Romania.,Genome Life Research Center, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorina Schipor
- National Institute of Endocrinology "C. I. Parhon", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Montserrat Hervella
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Petru Cianga
- Department of Immunology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Roxana Popescu
- "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Claudia Bănescu
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tîrgu Mureş, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Mihai Constantinescu
- "Francisc I. Rainer" Institute of Anthropology, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Martinescu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ovidius University, Faculty of Medicine, Constanța, Romania
| | - Florina Raicu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chair of Medical Genetics, 19-21, Prof. dr. Dimitrie Gerota St., 020032, Bucharest, Romania. .,"Francisc I. Rainer" Institute of Anthropology, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania.
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15
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Balanovsky O, Gurianov V, Zaporozhchenko V, Balaganskaya O, Urasin V, Zhabagin M, Grugni V, Canada R, Al-Zahery N, Raveane A, Wen SQ, Yan S, Wang X, Zalloua P, Marafi A, Koshel S, Semino O, Tyler-Smith C, Balanovska E. Phylogeography of human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q3-L275 from an academic/citizen science collaboration. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:18. [PMID: 28251872 PMCID: PMC5333174 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0870-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Y-chromosome haplogroup Q has three major branches: Q1, Q2, and Q3. Q1 is found in both Asia and the Americas where it accounts for about 90% of indigenous Native American Y-chromosomes; Q2 is found in North and Central Asia; but little is known about the third branch, Q3, also named Q1b-L275. Here, we combined the efforts of population geneticists and genetic genealogists to use the potential of full Y-chromosome sequencing for reconstructing haplogroup Q3 phylogeography and suggest possible linkages to events in population history. Results We analyzed 47 fully sequenced Y-chromosomes and reconstructed the haplogroup Q3 phylogenetic tree in detail. Haplogroup Q3-L275, derived from the oldest known split within Eurasian/American haplogroup Q, most likely occurred in West or Central Asia in the Upper Paleolithic period. During the Mesolithic and Neolithic epochs, Q3 remained a minor component of the West Asian Y-chromosome pool and gave rise to five branches (Q3a to Q3e), which spread across West, Central and parts of South Asia. Around 3–4 millennia ago (Bronze Age), the Q3a branch underwent a rapid expansion, splitting into seven branches, some of which entered Europe. One of these branches, Q3a1, was acquired by a population ancestral to Ashkenazi Jews and grew within this population during the 1st millennium AD, reaching up to 5% in present day Ashkenazi. Conclusions This study dataset was generated by a massive Y-chromosome genotyping effort in the genetic genealogy community, and phylogeographic patterns were revealed by a collaboration of population geneticists and genetic genealogists. This positive experience of collaboration between academic and citizen science provides a model for further joint projects. Merging data and skills of academic and citizen science promises to combine, respectively, quality and quantity, generalization and specialization, and achieve a well-balanced and careful interpretation of the paternal-side history of human populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0870-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Balanovsky
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russia. .,Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Valery Zaporozhchenko
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Maxat Zhabagin
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Viola Grugni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Al-Zahery
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Raveane
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Shao-Qing Wen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianpin Wang
- Department of Criminal Investigation, Xuanwei Public Security Bureau, Xuanwei, China
| | | | | | - Sergey Koshel
- Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ornella Semino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chris Tyler-Smith
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Elena Balanovska
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Overcoming the dichotomy between open and isolated populations using genomic data from a large European dataset. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41614. [PMID: 28145502 PMCID: PMC5286425 DOI: 10.1038/srep41614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human populations are often dichotomized into “isolated” and “open” categories using cultural and/or geographical barriers to gene flow as differential criteria. Although widespread, the use of these alternative categories could obscure further heterogeneity due to inter-population differences in effective size, growth rate, and timing or amount of gene flow. We compared intra and inter-population variation measures combining novel and literature data relative to 87,818 autosomal SNPs in 14 open populations and 10 geographic and/or linguistic European isolates. Patterns of intra-population diversity were found to vary considerably more among isolates, probably due to differential levels of drift and inbreeding. The relatively large effective size estimated for some population isolates challenges the generalized view that they originate from small founding groups. Principal component scores based on measures of intra-population variation of isolated and open populations were found to be distributed along a continuum, with an area of intersection between the two groups. Patterns of inter-population diversity were even closer, as we were able to detect some differences between population groups only for a few multidimensional scaling dimensions. Therefore, different lines of evidence suggest that dichotomizing human populations into open and isolated groups fails to capture the actual relations among their genomic features.
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17
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Turchi C, Stanciu F, Paselli G, Buscemi L, Parson W, Tagliabracci A. The mitochondrial DNA makeup of Romanians: A forensic mtDNA control region database and phylogenetic characterization. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2016; 24:136-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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18
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Simón M, Díaz N, Solórzano E, Montiel R, Francalacci P, Malgosa A. Dissecting mitochondrial dna variability of balearic populations from the bronze age to the current era. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 29. [PMID: 27292871 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine ancient population influences on ancient and current Balearic populations and to reconstruct their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene pool evolution. METHODS We analyzed 239 individuals belonging to five archaeological populations from Majorca and Minorca, four dating to the transition between the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, and one Late Roman Majorcan population. Six additional individuals from Santa Teresa di Gallura from the Nuragic period were characterized and added to the existing samples from that culture to make comparisons with Talaiotic populations. RESULTS We characterized the haplogroups of 138 individuals and obtained 69 sequences from mtDNA hypervariable region I. In the intra-island study, the apparent differences in social and funerary rites between two contiguous Majorcan necropolises were correlated with genetic characteristics. Also, the likely occurrence of consanguinity in a population with a very particular burial pattern was supported by genetic data. Despite the uniqueness of each necropolis, the global comparison of the five necropolises revealed no significant differences between them, or between ancient and modern populations from the islands. Ancient Balearics showed a similar mtDNA gene pool to Ancient Catalans, had a Near Eastern component, and showed continuity with European populations since at least the Bronze Age. CONCLUSION We characterized five Balearic necropolises in the context of their geographic and cultural characteristics. The similarity between ancient Balearic and ancient Catalan gene pools reinforces their known historic interactions, while the lack of a consistent genetic continuity with Ancient Sardinians suggests that Talaiotic and Nuragic cultures arose in differentiated populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 29:e22883, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Simón
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament BABVE, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Nancy Díaz
- Universidad de los Andes. Avenida 3, Independencia. Edificio el Rectorado, Mérida, 5101, Venezuela
| | - Eduvigis Solórzano
- Universidad de los Andes. Avenida 3, Independencia. Edificio el Rectorado, Mérida, 5101, Venezuela
| | - Rafael Montiel
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, CINVESTAV-IPN. Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato, Irapuato, 36821, Mexico
| | - Paolo Francalacci
- Universitá di Sassari, Piazza D'Armi, 17, Sassari, SS, 07100, Italia
| | - Assumpció Malgosa
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament BABVE, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
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19
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Anagnostou P, Capocasa M, Dominici V, Montinaro F, Coia V, Destro-Bisol G. Evaluating mtDNA patterns of genetic isolation using a re-sampling procedure: A case study on Italian populations. Ann Hum Biol 2016; 44:140-148. [PMID: 27109644 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2016.1181784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of studies which have investigated isolation patterns in human populations rely on the analysis of intra- and inter-population genetic statistics of mtDNA polymorphisms. However, this approach makes it difficult to differentiate between the effects of long-term genetic isolation and the random fluctuations of statistics due to reduced sample size. AIM To overcome the confounding effect of sample size when detecting signatures of genetic isolation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A re-sampling based procedure was employed to evaluate reduction in intra-population diversity, departure from surrounding genetic background and demographic stationarity in 34 Italian populations subject to isolation factors. RESULTS Signatures of genetic isolation were detected for all three statistics in seven populations: Pusteria valley, Sappada, Sauris, Timau settled in the eastern Italian Alps and Cappadocia, Filettino and Vallepietra settled in the Appenines. However, this study was unable to find signals for any of the statistics analysed in 19 populations. Finally, eight populations showing signals of isolation were found for one or two statistics. CONCLUSION The analysis revealed that the use of population genetic statistics combined with re-sampling procedure can help detect signatures of genetic isolation in human populations, even using a single, although highly informative, locus like mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Anagnostou
- a Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.,b Istituto Italiano di Antropologia , Rome , Italy
| | - Marco Capocasa
- b Istituto Italiano di Antropologia , Rome , Italy.,c Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin' , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Valentina Dominici
- a Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Valentina Coia
- e Istituto per le Mummie e l'Iceman, Accademia Europea di Bolzano (EURAC-Research) , Bolzano , Italy
| | - Giovanni Destro-Bisol
- a Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.,b Istituto Italiano di Antropologia , Rome , Italy
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20
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Messina F, Scano G, Contini I, Martínez-Labarga C, De Stefano GF, Rickards O. Linking between genetic structure and geographical distance: Study of the maternal gene pool in the Ethiopian population. Ann Hum Biol 2016; 44:53-69. [PMID: 26883569 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2016.1155646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background The correlation between genetics and geographical distance has already been examined through the study of the dispersion of human populations, especially in terms of uniparental genetic markers. Aim The present work characterises, at the level of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), two new samples of Amhara and Oromo populations from Ethiopia to evaluate the possible pattern of distribution for mtDNA variation and to test the hypothesis of the Isolation-by-Distance (IBD) model among African, European and Middle-Eastern populations. Subjects and methods This study analysed 173 individuals belonging to two ethnic groups of Ethiopia, Amhara and Oromo, by assaying HVS-I and HVS-II of mtDNA D-loop and informative coding region SNPs of mtDNA. Results The analysis suggests a relationship between genetic and geographic distances, affirming that the mtDNA pool of Africa, Europe and the Middle East might be coherent with the IBD model. Moreover, the mtDNA gene pools of the Sub-Saharan African and Mediterranean populations were very different. Conclusion In this study the pattern of mtDNA distribution, beginning with the Ethiopian plateau, was tested in the IBD model. It could be affirmed that, on a continent scale, the mtDNA pool of Africa, Europe and the Middle East might fall under the IBD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Messina
- a Center of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Study, Department of Biology , University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' , Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Giuseppina Scano
- a Center of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Study, Department of Biology , University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' , Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Irene Contini
- a Center of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Study, Department of Biology , University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' , Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Cristina Martínez-Labarga
- a Center of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Study, Department of Biology , University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' , Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Gian Franco De Stefano
- a Center of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Study, Department of Biology , University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' , Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Olga Rickards
- a Center of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Study, Department of Biology , University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' , Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
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21
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Messina F, Finocchio A, Rolfo MF, De Angelis F, Rapone C, Coletta M, Martínez-Labarga C, Biondi G, Berti A, Rickards O. Traces of forgotten historical events in mountain communities in Central Italy: A genetic insight. Am J Hum Biol 2015; 27:508-19. [PMID: 25728801 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Analysis of human genetic variation in mountain communities can shed light on the peopling of mountainous regions, perhaps revealing whether the remote geographic location spared them from outside invasion and preserved their gene pool from admixture. In this study, we created a model to assess genetic traces of historical events by reconstructing the paternal and maternal genetic history of seven small mountain villages in inland valleys of Central Italy. METHODS The communities were selected for their geographic isolation, attested biodemographic stability, and documented history prior to the Roman conquest. We studied the genetic structure by analyzing two hypervariable segments (HVS-I and HVS-II) of the mtDNA D-loop and several informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the mtDNA coding region in 346 individuals, in addition to 17 short tandem repeats (STRs) and Y-chromosome SNPs in 237 male individuals. RESULTS For both uniparental markers, most of the haplogroups originated in Western Europe while some Near Eastern haplogroups were identified at low frequencies. However, there was an evident genetic similarity between the Central Italian samples and Near Eastern populations mainly in the male genetic pool. CONCLUSIONS The samples highlight an overall European genetic pattern both for mtDNA and Y chromosome. Notwithstanding this scenario, Y chromosome haplogroup Q, a common paternal lineage in Central/Western Asia but almost Europe-wide absent, was found, suggesting that Central Italy could have hosted a settlement from Anatolia that might be supported by cultural, topographic and genetic evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Messina
- Department of Biology, Center of Molecular Anthropology for ancient DNA study, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Finocchio
- Department of Biology, Center of Molecular Anthropology for ancient DNA study, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Federico Rolfo
- Department of Historical, Philosophical and Social Sciences, Cultural and Territory Heritage, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via Columbia n. 1, 00173, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio De Angelis
- Department of Biology, Center of Molecular Anthropology for ancient DNA study, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Rapone
- Carabinieri, Scientific Investigation Department, Viale di Tor di Quinto 151, 00191, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Coletta
- Department of Biology, Center of Molecular Anthropology for ancient DNA study, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Martínez-Labarga
- Department of Biology, Center of Molecular Anthropology for ancient DNA study, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Biondi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67010, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Berti
- Carabinieri, Scientific Investigation Department, Viale di Tor di Quinto 151, 00191, Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Rickards
- Department of Biology, Center of Molecular Anthropology for ancient DNA study, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
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22
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Balaresque P, Poulet N, Cussat-Blanc S, Gerard P, Quintana-Murci L, Heyer E, Jobling MA. Y-chromosome descent clusters and male differential reproductive success: young lineage expansions dominate Asian pastoral nomadic populations. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1413-22. [PMID: 25585703 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High-frequency microsatellite haplotypes of the male-specific Y-chromosome can signal past episodes of high reproductive success of particular men and their patrilineal descendants. Previously, two examples of such successful Y-lineages have been described in Asia, both associated with Altaic-speaking pastoral nomadic societies, and putatively linked to dynasties descending, respectively, from Genghis Khan and Giocangga. Here we surveyed a total of 5321 Y-chromosomes from 127 Asian populations, including novel Y-SNP and microsatellite data on 461 Central Asian males, to ask whether additional lineage expansions could be identified. Based on the most frequent eight-microsatellite haplotypes, we objectively defined 11 descent clusters (DCs), each within a specific haplogroup, that represent likely past instances of high male reproductive success, including the two previously identified cases. Analysis of the geographical patterns and ages of these DCs and their associated cultural characteristics showed that the most successful lineages are found both among sedentary agriculturalists and pastoral nomads, and expanded between 2100 BCE and 1100 CE. However, those with recent origins in the historical period are almost exclusively found in Altaic-speaking pastoral nomadic populations, which may reflect a shift in political organisation in pastoralist economies and a greater ease of transmission of Y-chromosomes through time and space facilitated by the use of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Balaresque
- UMR 5288, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nicolas Poulet
- Onema, Direction de l'Action Scientifique et Technique, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Patrice Gerard
- UMR 5288, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Lluis Quintana-Murci
- CNRS URA3012, Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Evelyne Heyer
- Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, UMR 7206 CNRS, MNHN, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Mark A Jobling
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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23
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Balaresque P, King TE, Parkin EJ, Heyer E, Carvalho-Silva D, Kraaijenbrink T, de Knijff P, Tyler-Smith C, Jobling MA. Gene conversion violates the stepwise mutation model for microsatellites in y-chromosomal palindromic repeats. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:609-17. [PMID: 24610746 PMCID: PMC4233959 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The male-specific region of the human Y chromosome (MSY) contains eight large inverted repeats (palindromes), in which high-sequence similarity between repeat arms is maintained by gene conversion. These palindromes also harbor microsatellites, considered to evolve via a stepwise mutation model (SMM). Here, we ask whether gene conversion between palindrome microsatellites contributes to their mutational dynamics. First, we study the duplicated tetranucleotide microsatellite DYS385a,b lying in palindrome P4. We show, by comparing observed data with simulated data under a SMM within haplogroups, that observed heteroallelic combinations in which the modal repeat number difference between copies was large, can give rise to homoallelic combinations with zero-repeats difference, equivalent to many single-step mutations. These are unlikely to be generated under a strict SMM, suggesting the action of gene conversion. Second, we show that the intercopy repeat number difference for a large set of duplicated microsatellites in all palindromes in the MSY reference sequence is significantly reduced compared with that for nonpalindrome-duplicated microsatellites, suggesting that the former are characterized by unusual evolutionary dynamics. These observations indicate that gene conversion violates the SMM for microsatellites in palindromes, homogenizing copies within individual Y chromosomes, but increasing overall haplotype diversity among chromosomes within related groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Balaresque
- UMR5288 CNRS/UPS-AMIS-Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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24
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Davidovic S, Malyarchuk B, Aleksic JM, Derenko M, Topalovic V, Litvinov A, Stevanovic M, Kovacevic-Grujicic N. Mitochondrial DNA perspective of Serbian genetic diversity. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 156:449-65. [PMID: 25418795 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although south-Slavic populations have been studied to date from various aspects, the population of Serbia, occupying the central part of the Balkan Peninsula, is still genetically understudied at least at the level of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation. We analyzed polymorphisms of the first and the second mtDNA hypervariable segments (HVS-I and HVS-II) and informative coding-region markers in 139 Serbians to shed more light on their mtDNA variability, and used available data on other Slavic and neighboring non-Slavic populations to assess their interrelations in a broader European context. The contemporary Serbian mtDNA profile is consistent with the general European maternal landscape having a substantial proportion of shared haplotypes with eastern, central, and southern European populations. Serbian population was characterized as an important link between easternmost and westernmost south-Slavic populations due to the observed lack of genetic differentiation with all other south-Slavic populations and its geographical positioning within the Balkan Peninsula. An increased heterogeneity of south Slavs, most likely mirroring turbulent demographic events within the Balkan Peninsula over time (i.e., frequent admixture and differential introgression of various gene pools), and a marked geographical stratification of Slavs to south-, east-, and west-Slavic groups, were also found. A phylogeographic analyses of 20 completely sequenced Serbian mitochondrial genomes revealed not only the presence of mtDNA lineages predominantly found within the Slavic gene pool (U4a2a*, U4a2a1, U4a2c, U4a2g, HV10), supporting a common Slavic origin, but also lineages that may have originated within the southern Europe (H5*, H5e1, H5a1v) and the Balkan Peninsula in particular (H6a2b and L2a1k).
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Affiliation(s)
- Slobodan Davidovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11010, Belgrade, Serbia
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Nováčková J, Dreslerová D, Černý V, Poloni ES. The place of Slovakian paternal diversity in the clinal European landscape. Ann Hum Biol 2014; 42:511-22. [PMID: 25374405 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2014.974668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several demographic events have been postulated to explain the contemporaneous structure of European genetic diversity. First, an initial settlement of the continent by anatomically modern humans; second, the re-settlement of northern latitudes after the Last Glacial Maximum; third, the demic diffusion of Neolithic farmers from the Near East; and, fourth, several historical events such as the Slavic migration. AIM The aim of this study was to provide a more integrated picture of male-specific genetic relationships of Slovakia within the broader pan-European genetic landscape. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study analysed a new Y-chromosome data-set (156 individuals) for both SNP and STR polymorphisms in population samples from five different Slovakian localities. RESULTS It was found that the male diversity of Slovakia is embedded in the clinal pattern of the major R1a and R1b clades extending over the continent and a similar pattern of population structure is found with Y-specific SNP or STR variation. CONCLUSION The highly significant correlation between the results based on fast evolving STRs on one hand and slow evolving SNPs on the other hand suggests a recent timeframe for the settlement of the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Nováčková
- a Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Dreslerová
- b Department of the Archaeology of Landscape and Archaeobiology , Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Černý
- c Archaeogenetics Laboratory, Department of the Archaeology of Landscape and Archaeobiology, Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Czech Republic , and
| | - Estella S Poloni
- d Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, Department of Genetics and Evolution , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
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Marks SJ, Montinaro F, Levy H, Brisighelli F, Ferri G, Bertoncini S, Batini C, Busby GBJ, Arthur C, Mitchell P, Stewart BA, Oosthuizen O, Oosthuizen E, D'Amato ME, Davison S, Pascali V, Capelli C. Static and moving frontiers: the genetic landscape of Southern African Bantu-speaking populations. Mol Biol Evol 2014; 32:29-43. [PMID: 25223418 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A consensus on Bantu-speaking populations being genetically similar has emerged in the last few years, but the demographic scenarios associated with their dispersal are still a matter of debate. The frontier model proposed by archeologists postulates different degrees of interaction among incoming agropastoralist and resident foraging groups in the presence of "static" and "moving" frontiers. By combining mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome data collected from several southern African populations, we show that Bantu-speaking populations from regions characterized by a moving frontier developing after a long-term static frontier have larger hunter-gatherer contributions than groups from areas where a static frontier was not followed by further spatial expansion. Differences in the female and male components suggest that the process of assimilation of the long-term resident groups into agropastoralist societies was gender biased. Our results show that the diffusion of Bantu languages and culture in Southern Africa was a process more complex than previously described and suggest that the admixture dynamics between farmers and foragers played an important role in shaping the current patterns of genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Marks
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Montinaro
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Institute of Legal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Hila Levy
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gianmarco Ferri
- Dipartimento ad Attività Integrata di Laboratori, Anatomia Patologica, Medicina Legale, U.O. Struttura Complessa di Medicina Legale, Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Batini
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - George B J Busby
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Arthur
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Mitchell
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Maria Eugenia D'Amato
- Biotechnology Department, Forensic DNA Laboratory, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Sean Davison
- Biotechnology Department, Forensic DNA Laboratory, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | | | - Cristian Capelli
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Kovacevic L, Tambets K, Ilumäe AM, Kushniarevich A, Yunusbayev B, Solnik A, Bego T, Primorac D, Skaro V, Leskovac A, Jakovski Z, Drobnic K, Tolk HV, Kovacevic S, Rudan P, Metspalu E, Marjanovic D. Standing at the gateway to Europe--the genetic structure of Western balkan populations based on autosomal and haploid markers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105090. [PMID: 25148043 PMCID: PMC4141785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary inhabitants of the Balkan Peninsula belong to several ethnic groups of diverse cultural background. In this study, three ethnic groups from Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosniacs, Bosnian Croats and Bosnian Serbs - as well as the populations of Serbians, Croatians, Macedonians from the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegrins and Kosovars have been characterized for the genetic variation of 660 000 genome-wide autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms and for haploid markers. New autosomal data of the 70 individuals together with previously published data of 20 individuals from the populations of the Western Balkan region in a context of 695 samples of global range have been analysed. Comparison of the variation data of autosomal and haploid lineages of the studied Western Balkan populations reveals a concordance of the data in both sets and the genetic uniformity of the studied populations, especially of Western South-Slavic speakers. The genetic variation of Western Balkan populations reveals the continuity between the Middle East and Europe via the Balkan region and supports the scenario that one of the major routes of ancient gene flows and admixture went through the Balkan Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejla Kovacevic
- Estonian Biocentre and Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, RAS, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Kristiina Tambets
- Estonian Biocentre and Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anne-Mai Ilumäe
- Estonian Biocentre and Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alena Kushniarevich
- Estonian Biocentre and Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Bayazit Yunusbayev
- Estonian Biocentre and Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, RAS, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia
| | - Anu Solnik
- Estonian Biocentre and Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tamer Bego
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo; Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | | | - Andreja Leskovac
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zlatko Jakovski
- Institute for forensic medicine, criminology and and medical deontology, Medical Faculty, University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, F.Y.R of Macedonia
| | - Katja Drobnic
- National forensic laboratory, Ministry of the Interior, Slovenia
| | - Helle-Viivi Tolk
- Estonian Biocentre and Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Pavao Rudan
- Croatian Academy of Science and Art, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ene Metspalu
- Estonian Biocentre and Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Damir Marjanovic
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- University Center of Forensic Science, Split, Croatia
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Hervella M, Izagirre N, Alonso S, Ioana M, Netea MG, de-la-Rua C. The Carpathian range represents a weak genetic barrier in South-East Europe. BMC Genet 2014; 15:56. [PMID: 24885208 PMCID: PMC4050216 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-15-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the present study we have assessed whether the Carpathian Mountains represent a genetic barrier in East Europe. Therefore, we have analyzed the mtDNA of 128 native individuals of Romania: 62 of them from the North of Romania, and 66 from South Romania. Results We have analyzed their mtDNA variability in the context of other European and Near Eastern populations through multivariate analyses. The results show that regarding the mtDNA haplogroup and haplotype distributions the Romanian groups living outside the Carpathian range (South Romania) displayed some degree of genetic differentiation compared to those living within the Carpahian range (North Romania). Conclusion The main differentiation between the mtDNA variability of the groups from North and South Romania can be attributed to the demographic movements from East to West (prehistoric or historic) that differently affected in these regions, suggesting that the Carpathian mountain range represents a weak genetic barrier in South-East Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Concepción de-la-Rua
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena s/n 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Sarac J, Sarić T, Auguštin DH, Jeran N, Kovačević L, Cvjetan S, Lewis AP, Metspalu E, Reidla M, Novokmet N, Vidovič M, Nevajda B, Glasnović A, Marjanović D, Missoni S, Villems R, Rudan P. Maternal genetic heritage of Southeastern Europe reveals a new Croatian isolate and a novel, local sub-branching in the x2 haplogroup. Ann Hum Genet 2014; 78:178-94. [PMID: 24621318 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High mtDNA variation in Southeastern Europe (SEE) is a reflection of the turbulent and complex demographic history of this area, influenced by gene flow from various parts of Eurasia and a long history of intermixing. Our results of 1035 samples (488 from Croatia, 239 from Bosnia and 130 from Herzegovina, reported earlier, and 97 Slovenians and 81 individuals from Žumberak, reported here for the first time) show that the SEE maternal genetic diversity fits within a broader European maternal genetic landscape. The study also shows that the population of Žumberak, located in the continental part of Croatia, developed some unique mtDNA haplotypes and elevated haplogroup frequencies due to distinctive demographic history and can be considered a moderate genetic isolate. We also report seven samples from the Bosnian population and one Herzegovinian sample designated as X2* individuals that could not be assigned to any of its sublineages (X2a'o) according to the existing X2 phylogeny. In an attempt to clarify the phylogeny of our X2 samples, their mitochondrial DNA has been completely sequenced. We suppose that these lineages are signs of local microdifferentiation processes that occurred in the recent demographic past in this area and could possibly be marked as SEE-specific X2 sublineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Sarac
- Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Investigating the prehistory of Tungusic peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri region with complete mtDNA genome sequences and Y-chromosomal markers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83570. [PMID: 24349531 PMCID: PMC3861515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Evenks and Evens, Tungusic-speaking reindeer herders and hunter-gatherers, are spread over a wide area of northern Asia, whereas their linguistic relatives the Udegey, sedentary fishermen and hunter-gatherers, are settled to the south of the lower Amur River. The prehistory and relationships of these Tungusic peoples are as yet poorly investigated, especially with respect to their interactions with neighbouring populations. In this study, we analyse over 500 complete mtDNA genome sequences from nine different Evenk and even subgroups as well as their geographic neighbours from Siberia and their linguistic relatives the Udegey from the Amur-Ussuri region in order to investigate the prehistory of the Tungusic populations. These data are supplemented with analyses of Y-chromosomal haplogroups and STR haplotypes in the Evenks, Evens, and neighbouring Siberian populations. We demonstrate that whereas the North Tungusic Evenks and Evens show evidence of shared ancestry both in the maternal and in the paternal line, this signal has been attenuated by genetic drift and differential gene flow with neighbouring populations, with isolation by distance further shaping the maternal genepool of the Evens. The Udegey, in contrast, appear quite divergent from their linguistic relatives in the maternal line, with a mtDNA haplogroup composition characteristic of populations of the Amur-Ussuri region. Nevertheless, they show affinities with the Evenks, indicating that they might be the result of admixture between local Amur-Ussuri populations and Tungusic populations from the north.
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Zupan A, Vrabec K, Glavač D. The paternal perspective of the Slovenian population and its relationship with other populations. Ann Hum Biol 2013; 40:515-26. [PMID: 23879710 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2013.813584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Slovenian territory is geographically positioned between the Alps, the Adriatic Sea, the Pannonian basin and the Dinaric Mountains and, as such, has served as a passageway for different populations over different periods of time. Turbulent historic events and the diverse geography of the region have produced a diverse contemporary population whose genetic analysis could provide insight into past demographic events. AIM The aim of this study was to analyse Y-chromosome biallelic and STR markers in a Slovenian population from five different regions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 42 Y-chromosomal biallelic markers and 17 Y-STRs were genotyped in 399 individuals from five different Slovenian regions. RESULTS The analysis of Y-chromosome markers revealed 29 different haplogroups in the Slovenian population, with the most common being R1a1a, R1b, I2a1 and I1. Analysis of the genetic affiliations between different populations revealed strong affiliations of the Slovenian gene pool with West Slavic populations. CONCLUSION Analysis of Y-chromosomal markers in five Slovenian regions revealed a diverse genetic landscape. Slovenian population display close genetic affiliations with West Slavic populations. The homogenous genetic strata of the West Slavic populations and the Slovenian population suggest the existence of a common ancestral Slavic population in central European region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Zupan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana , 1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
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Roewer L, Nothnagel M, Gusmão L, Gomes V, González M, Corach D, Sala A, Alechine E, Palha T, Santos N, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos A, Geppert M, Willuweit S, Nagy M, Zweynert S, Baeta M, Núñez C, Martínez-Jarreta B, González-Andrade F, Fagundes de Carvalho E, da Silva DA, Builes JJ, Turbón D, Lopez Parra AM, Arroyo-Pardo E, Toscanini U, Borjas L, Barletta C, Ewart E, Santos S, Krawczak M. Continent-wide decoupling of Y-chromosomal genetic variation from language and geography in native South Americans. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003460. [PMID: 23593040 PMCID: PMC3623769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies of human populations in Europe and Asia have revealed a concordance between their extant genetic structure and the prevailing regional pattern of geography and language. For native South Americans, however, such evidence has been lacking so far. Therefore, we examined the relationship between Y-chromosomal genotype on the one hand, and male geographic origin and linguistic affiliation on the other, in the largest study of South American natives to date in terms of sampled individuals and populations. A total of 1,011 individuals, representing 50 tribal populations from 81 settlements, were genotyped for up to 17 short tandem repeat (STR) markers and 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs), the latter resolving phylogenetic lineages Q and C. Virtually no structure became apparent for the extant Y-chromosomal genetic variation of South American males that could sensibly be related to their inter-tribal geographic and linguistic relationships. This continent-wide decoupling is consistent with a rapid peopling of the continent followed by long periods of isolation in small groups. Furthermore, for the first time, we identified a distinct geographical cluster of Y-SNP lineages C-M217 (C3*) in South America. Such haplotypes are virtually absent from North and Central America, but occur at high frequency in Asia. Together with the locally confined Y-STR autocorrelation observed in our study as a whole, the available data therefore suggest a late introduction of C3* into South America no more than 6,000 years ago, perhaps via coastal or trans-Pacific routes. Extensive simulations revealed that the observed lack of haplogroup C3* among extant North and Central American natives is only compatible with low levels of migration between the ancestor populations of C3* carriers and non-carriers. In summary, our data highlight the fact that a pronounced correlation between genetic and geographic/cultural structure can only be expected under very specific conditions, most of which are likely not to have been met by the ancestors of native South Americans. In the largest population genetic study of South Americans to date, we analyzed the Y-chromosomal makeup of more than 1,000 male natives. We found that the male-specific genetic variation of Native Americans lacks any clear structure that could sensibly be related to their geographic and/or linguistic relationships. This finding is consistent with a rapid initial peopling of South America, followed by long periods of isolation in small tribal groups. The observed continent-wide decoupling of geography, spoken language, and genetics contrasts strikingly with previous reports of such correlation from many parts of Europe and Asia. Moreover, we identified a cluster of Native American founding lineages of Y chromosomes, called C-M217 (C3*), within a restricted area of Ecuador in North-Western South America. The same haplogroup occurs at high frequency in Central, East, and North East Asia, but is virtually absent from North (except Alaska) and Central America. Possible scenarios for the introduction of C-M217 (C3*) into Ecuador may thus include a coastal or trans-Pacific route, an idea also supported by occasional archeological evidence and the recent coalescence of the C3* haplotypes, estimated from our data to have occurred some 6,000 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Roewer
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Department of Forensic Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Stathias V, Sotiris GR, Karagiannidis I, Bourikas G, Martinis G, Papazoglou D, Tavridou A, Papanas N, Maltezos E, Theodoridis M, Vargemezis V, Manolopoulos VG, Speed WC, Kidd JR, Kidd KK, Drineas P, Paschou P. Exploring genomic structure differences and similarities between the Greek and European HapMap populations: implications for association studies. Ann Hum Genet 2013; 76:472-83. [PMID: 23061745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2012.00730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the genomic structure of the Greek population and Southeastern Europe are limited, despite the central position of the area as a gateway for human migrations into Europe. HapMap has provided a unique tool for the analysis of human genetic variation. Europe is represented by the CEU (Northwestern Europe) and the TSI populations (Tuscan Italians from Southern Europe), which serve as reference for the design of genetic association studies. Furthermore, genetic association findings are often transferred to unstudied populations. Although initial studies support the fact that the CEU can, in general, be used as reference for the selection of tagging SNPs in European populations, this has not been extensively studied across Europe. We set out to explore the genomic structure of the Greek population (56 individuals) and compare it to the HapMap TSI and CEU populations. We studied 1112 SNPs (27 regions, 13 chromosomes). Although the HapMap European populations are, in general, a good reference for the Greek population, regions of population differentiation do exist and results should not be light-heartedly generalized. We conclude that, perhaps due to the individual evolutionary history of each genomic region, geographic proximity is not always a perfect guide for selecting a reference population for an unstudied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Stathias
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
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Capocasa M, Battaggia C, Anagnostou P, Montinaro F, Boschi I, Ferri G, Alù M, Coia V, Crivellaro F, Bisol GD. Detecting genetic isolation in human populations: a study of European language minorities. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56371. [PMID: 23418562 PMCID: PMC3572090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of isolation signatures is fundamental to better understand the genetic structure of human populations and to test the relations between cultural factors and genetic variation. However, with current approaches, it is not possible to distinguish between the consequences of long-term isolation and the effects of reduced sample size, selection and differential gene flow. To overcome these limitations, we have integrated the analysis of classical genetic diversity measures with a Bayesian method to estimate gene flow and have carried out simulations based on the coalescent. Combining these approaches, we first tested whether the relatively short history of cultural and geographical isolation of four “linguistic islands” of the Eastern Alps (Lessinia, Sauris, Sappada and Timau) had left detectable signatures in their genetic structure. We then compared our findings to previous studies of European population isolates. Finally, we explored the importance of demographic and cultural factors in shaping genetic diversity among the groups under study. A combination of small initial effective size and continued genetic isolation from surrounding populations seems to provide a coherent explanation for the diversity observed among Sauris, Sappada and Timau, which was found to be substantially greater than in other groups of European isolated populations. Simulations of micro-evolutionary scenarios indicate that ethnicity might have been important in increasing genetic diversity among these culturally related and spatially close populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Capocasa
- Dipartimento Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin”, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Antropologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Battaggia
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Anagnostou
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Antropologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Montinaro
- Facolta di Medicina, Istituto di Medicina Legale, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Boschi
- Facolta di Medicina, Istituto di Medicina Legale, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Ferri
- Dipartimento ad Attività Integrata di Laboratori, Anatomia Patologica, Medicina Legale, Struttura Complessa di Medicina Legale, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Milena Alù
- Dipartimento ad Attività Integrata di Laboratori, Anatomia Patologica, Medicina Legale, Struttura Complessa di Medicina Legale, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Coia
- Dipartimento di Filosofia, Storia e Beni culturali, Universita degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Federica Crivellaro
- Division of Biological Anthropology, Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Destro Bisol
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin”, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Badro DA, Douaihy B, Haber M, Youhanna SC, Salloum A, Ghassibe-Sabbagh M, Johnsrud B, Khazen G, Matisoo-Smith E, Soria-Hernanz DF, Wells RS, Tyler-Smith C, Platt DE, Zalloua PA. Y-chromosome and mtDNA genetics reveal significant contrasts in affinities of modern Middle Eastern populations with European and African populations. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54616. [PMID: 23382925 PMCID: PMC3559847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Middle East was a funnel of human expansion out of Africa, a staging area for the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution, and the home to some of the earliest world empires. Post LGM expansions into the region and subsequent population movements created a striking genetic mosaic with distinct sex-based genetic differentiation. While prior studies have examined the mtDNA and Y-chromosome contrast in focal populations in the Middle East, none have undertaken a broad-spectrum survey including North and sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, and Middle Eastern populations. In this study 5,174 mtDNA and 4,658 Y-chromosome samples were investigated using PCA, MDS, mean-linkage clustering, AMOVA, and Fisher exact tests of FST's, RST's, and haplogroup frequencies. Geographic differentiation in affinities of Middle Eastern populations with Africa and Europe showed distinct contrasts between mtDNA and Y-chromosome data. Specifically, Lebanon's mtDNA shows a very strong association to Europe, while Yemen shows very strong affinity with Egypt and North and East Africa. Previous Y-chromosome results showed a Levantine coastal-inland contrast marked by J1 and J2, and a very strong North African component was evident throughout the Middle East. Neither of these patterns were observed in the mtDNA. While J2 has penetrated into Europe, the pattern of Y-chromosome diversity in Lebanon does not show the widespread affinities with Europe indicated by the mtDNA data. Lastly, while each population shows evidence of connections with expansions that now define the Middle East, Africa, and Europe, many of the populations in the Middle East show distinctive mtDNA and Y-haplogroup characteristics that indicate long standing settlement with relatively little impact from and movement into other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Haber
- The Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Brian Johnsrud
- Modern Thought and Literature, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Georges Khazen
- The Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elizabeth Matisoo-Smith
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David F. Soria-Hernanz
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- The Genographic Project, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - R. Spencer Wells
- The Genographic Project, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Chris Tyler-Smith
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel E. Platt
- Computational Biology Centre, IBM TJ Watson Research Centre, Yorktown Heights, New York, United States of America
| | - Pierre A. Zalloua
- The Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Paleo-Balkan and Slavic contributions to the genetic pool of Moldavians: insights from the Y chromosome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53731. [PMID: 23341985 PMCID: PMC3547065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Moldova has a rich historical and cultural heritage, which may be reflected in the current genetic makeup of its population. To date, no comprehensive studies exist about the population genetic structure of modern Moldavians. To bridge this gap with respect to paternal lineages, we analyzed 37 binary and 17 multiallelic (STRs) polymorphisms on the non-recombining portion of the Y chromosome in 125 Moldavian males. In addition, 53 Ukrainians from eastern Moldova and 54 Romanians from the neighboring eastern Romania were typed using the same set of markers. In Moldavians, 19 Y chromosome haplogroups were identified, the most common being I-M423 (20.8%), R-M17* (17.6%), R-M458 (12.8%), E-v13 (8.8%), R-M269* and R-M412* (both 7.2%). In Romanians, 14 haplogroups were found including I-M423 (40.7%), R-M17* (16.7%), R-M405 (7.4%), E-v13 and R-M412* (both 5.6%). In Ukrainians, 13 haplogroups were identified including R-M17 (34.0%), I-M423 (20.8%), R-M269* (9.4%), N-M178, R-M458 and R-M73 (each 5.7%). Our results show that a significant majority of the Moldavian paternal gene pool belongs to eastern/central European and Balkan/eastern Mediterranean Y lineages. Phylogenetic and AMOVA analyses based on Y-STR loci also revealed that Moldavians are close to both eastern/central European and Balkan-Carpathian populations. The data correlate well with historical accounts and geographical location of the region and thus allow to hypothesize that extant Moldavian paternal genetic lineages arose from extensive recent admixture between genetically autochthonous populations of the Balkan-Carpathian zone and neighboring Slavic groups.
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Barbieri C, Butthof A, Bostoen K, Pakendorf B. Genetic perspectives on the origin of clicks in Bantu languages from southwestern Zambia. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 21:430-6. [PMID: 22929022 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Some Bantu languages spoken in southwestern Zambia and neighboring regions of Botswana, Namibia, and Angola are characterized by the presence of click consonants, whereas their closest linguistic relatives lack such clicks. As clicks are a typical feature not of the Bantu language family, but of Khoisan languages, it is highly probable that the Bantu languages in question borrowed the clicks from Khoisan languages. In this paper, we combine complete mitochondrial genome sequences from a representative sample of populations from the Western Province of Zambia speaking Bantu languages with and without clicks, with fine-scaled analyses of Y-chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms and short tandem repeats to investigate the prehistoric contact that led to this borrowing of click consonants. Our results reveal complex population-specific histories, with female-biased admixture from Khoisan-speaking groups associated with the incorporation of click sounds in one Bantu-speaking population, while concomitant levels of potential Khoisan admixture did not result in sound change in another. Furthermore, the lack of sequence sharing between the Bantu-speaking groups from southwestern Zambia investigated here and extant Khoisan populations provides an indication that there must have been genetic substructure in the Khoisan-speaking indigenous groups of southern Africa that did not survive until the present or has been substantially reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Barbieri
- Max Planck Research Group on Comparative Population Linguistics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
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Martinez-Cruz B, Ioana M, Calafell F, Arauna LR, Sanz P, Ionescu R, Boengiu S, Kalaydjieva L, Pamjav H, Makukh H, Plantinga T, van der Meer JWM, Comas D, Netea MG. Y-chromosome analysis in individuals bearing the Basarab name of the first dynasty of Wallachian kings. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41803. [PMID: 22848614 PMCID: PMC3404992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vlad III The Impaler, also known as Dracula, descended from the dynasty of Basarab, the first rulers of independent Wallachia, in present Romania. Whether this dynasty is of Cuman (an admixed Turkic people that reached Wallachia from the East in the 11th century) or of local Romanian (Vlach) origin is debated among historians. Earlier studies have demonstrated the value of investigating the Y chromosome of men bearing a historical name, in order to identify their genetic origin. We sampled 29 Romanian men carrying the surname Basarab, in addition to four Romanian populations (from counties Dolj, N = 38; Mehedinti, N = 11; Cluj, N = 50; and Brasov, N = 50), and compared the data with the surrounding populations. We typed 131 SNPs and 19 STRs in the non-recombinant part of the Y-chromosome in all the individuals. We computed a PCA to situate the Basarab individuals in the context of Romania and its neighboring populations. Different Y-chromosome haplogroups were found within the individuals bearing the Basarab name. All haplogroups are common in Romania and other Central and Eastern European populations. In a PCA, the Basarab group clusters within other Romanian populations. We found several clusters of Basarab individuals having a common ancestor within the period of the last 600 years. The diversity of haplogroups found shows that not all individuals carrying the surname Basarab can be direct biological descendants of the Basarab dynasty. The absence of Eastern Asian lineages in the Basarab men can be interpreted as a lack of evidence for a Cuman origin of the Basarab dynasty, although it cannot be positively ruled out. It can be therefore concluded that the Basarab dynasty was successful in spreading its name beyond the spread of its genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Martinez-Cruz
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mihai Ioana
- Department of Medicine and Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Francesc Calafell
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara R. Arauna
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Sanz
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramona Ionescu
- Infectious Diseases Hospital and Clinic County Hospital, Braşov, Romania
| | - Sandu Boengiu
- Faculty of Geography, University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Luba Kalaydjieva
- Western Australian Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Horolma Pamjav
- DNA Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Network of Forensic Science Institutes, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Halyna Makukh
- Institute of Hereditary Pathology of the Ukrainian Academy of Medical Sciences, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Theo Plantinga
- Department of Medicine and Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos W. M. van der Meer
- Department of Medicine and Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David Comas
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (DC); (MGN)
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Medicine and Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (DC); (MGN)
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Haber M, Platt DE, Ashrafian Bonab M, Youhanna SC, Soria-Hernanz DF, Martínez-Cruz B, Douaihy B, Ghassibe-Sabbagh M, Rafatpanah H, Ghanbari M, Whale J, Balanovsky O, Wells RS, Comas D, Tyler-Smith C, Zalloua PA. Afghanistan's ethnic groups share a Y-chromosomal heritage structured by historical events. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34288. [PMID: 22470552 PMCID: PMC3314501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Afghanistan has held a strategic position throughout history. It has been inhabited since the Paleolithic and later became a crossroad for expanding civilizations and empires. Afghanistan's location, history, and diverse ethnic groups present a unique opportunity to explore how nations and ethnic groups emerged, and how major cultural evolutions and technological developments in human history have influenced modern population structures. In this study we have analyzed, for the first time, the four major ethnic groups in present-day Afghanistan: Hazara, Pashtun, Tajik, and Uzbek, using 52 binary markers and 19 short tandem repeats on the non-recombinant segment of the Y-chromosome. A total of 204 Afghan samples were investigated along with more than 8,500 samples from surrounding populations important to Afghanistan's history through migrations and conquests, including Iranians, Greeks, Indians, Middle Easterners, East Europeans, and East Asians. Our results suggest that all current Afghans largely share a heritage derived from a common unstructured ancestral population that could have emerged during the Neolithic revolution and the formation of the first farming communities. Our results also indicate that inter-Afghan differentiation started during the Bronze Age, probably driven by the formation of the first civilizations in the region. Later migrations and invasions into the region have been assimilated differentially among the ethnic groups, increasing inter-population genetic differences, and giving the Afghans a unique genetic diversity in Central Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Haber
- The Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon
- Evolutionary Biology Institute, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel E. Platt
- Bioinformatics and Pattern Discovery, IBM T. J. Watson Research Centre, Yorktown Heights, New York, United States of America
| | - Maziar Ashrafian Bonab
- Biological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | | | - David F. Soria-Hernanz
- Evolutionary Biology Institute, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- The Genographic Project, National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John Whale
- Biological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Oleg Balanovsky
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - R. Spencer Wells
- The Genographic Project, National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - David Comas
- Evolutionary Biology Institute, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chris Tyler-Smith
- Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre A. Zalloua
- The Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon
- Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Evidence of high genetic variation among linguistically diverse populations on a micro-geographic scale: a case study of the Italian Alps. J Hum Genet 2012; 57:254-60. [PMID: 22418692 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2012.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although essential for the fine-scale reconstruction of genetic structure, only a few micro-geographic studies have been carried out in European populations. This study analyzes mitochondrial variation (651 bp of the hypervariable region plus 17 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) in 393 samples from nine populations from Trentino (Eastern Italian Alps), a small area characterized by a complex geography and high linguistic diversity. A high level of genetic variation, comparable to geographically dispersed European groups, was observed. We found a difference in the intensity of peopling processes between two longitudinal areas, as populations from the west-central part of the region show stronger signatures of expansion, whereas those from the eastern area are closer to the expectations of a stationary demographic state. This may be explained by geomorphological factors and is also supported by archeological data. Finally, our results reveal a striking difference in the way in which the two linguistically isolated populations are genetically related to the neighboring groups. The Ladin speakers were found to be genetically close to the Italian-speaking populations and differentiated from the other Dolomitic Ladins, whereas the German-speaking Cimbri behave as an outlier, showing signatures of founder effects and low growth rate.
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Croatian national reference Y-STR haplotype database. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:7727-41. [PMID: 22391654 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A reference Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) haplotype database is needed for Y-STR match interpretation as well as for national and regional characterization of populations. The aim of this study was to create a comprehensive Y-STR haplotype database of the Croatian contemporary population and to analyze substructure between the five Croatian regions. We carried out a statistical analysis of the data from previously performed genetic analyses collected during routine forensic work by the Forensic Science Centre "Ivan Vučetić". A total of 1,100 unrelated men from eastern, western, northern, southern and central Croatia were selected for the purpose of this study. Y-STRs were typed using the AmpFISTR Yfiler PCR amplification kit. Analysis of molecular variance calculated with the Y chromosome haplotype reference database online analysis tool included 16 population samples with 20,247 haplotypes. A total of 947 haplotypes were recorded, 848 of which were unique (89.5%). Haplotype diversity was 0.998, with the most frequent haplotype found in 9 of 1,100 men (0.82%). Locus diversity varied from 0.266 for DYS392 to 0.868 for DYS385. Discrimination capacity was 86.1%. Our results suggested high level of similarity among regional subpopulations within Croatia, except for mildly different southern Croatia. Relative resemblance was found with Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. Whit Atheys' Haplogroup Predictor was used to estimate the frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroups. I2a, R1a, E1b1b and R1b haplogroups were most frequent in all Croatian regions. These results are important in forensics and contribute to the population genetics and genetic background of the contemporary Croatian population.
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A comparative phylogenetic study of genetics and folk music. Mol Genet Genomics 2012; 287:337-49. [PMID: 22392540 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-012-0683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Computer-aided comparison of folk music from different nations is one of the newest research areas. We were intrigued to have identified some important similarities between phylogenetic studies and modern folk music. First of all, both of them use similar concepts and representation tools such as multidimensional scaling for modelling relationship between populations. This gave us the idea to investigate whether these connections are merely accidental or if they mirror population migrations from the past. We raised the question; does the complex structure of musical connections display a clear picture and can this system be interpreted by the genetic analysis? This study is the first to systematically investigate the incidental genetic background of the folk music context between different populations. Paternal (42 populations) and maternal lineages (56 populations) were compared based on Fst genetic distances of the Y chromosomal and mtDNA haplogroup frequencies. To test this hypothesis, the corresponding musical cultures were also compared using an automatic overlap analysis of parallel melody styles for 31 Eurasian nations. We found that close musical relations of populations indicate close genetic distances (<0.05) with a probability of 82%. It was observed that there is a significant correlation between population genetics and folk music; maternal lineages have a more important role in folk music traditions than paternal lineages. Furthermore, the combination of these disciplines establishing a new interdisciplinary research field of "music-genetics" can be an efficient tool to get a more comprehensive picture on the complex behaviour of populations in prehistoric time.
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Balanovsky OP, Koshel SM, Zaporozhchenko VV, Pshenichnov AS, Frolova SA, Kuznetsova MA, Baranova EE, Teuchezh IE, Kuznetsova AA, Romashkina MV, Utevska OM, Churnosov ML, Villems R, Balanovska EV. Genetic ecological monitoring in human populations: Heterozygosity, mtDNA haplotype variation, and genetic load. RUSS J GENET+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795411110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Simms TM, Martinez E, Herrera KJ, Wright MR, Perez OA, Hernandez M, Ramirez EC, McCartney Q, Herrera RJ. Paternal lineages signal distinct genetic contributions from British Loyalists and continental Africans among different Bahamian islands. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 146:594-608. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ehler E, Vane D, Stenzl V, Vancata V. Y-chromosomal diversity of the Valachs from the Czech Republic: model for isolated population in Central Europe. Croat Med J 2011; 52:358-67. [PMID: 21674832 PMCID: PMC3131682 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2011.52.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate Y-chromosomal diversity of the Moravian Valachs of the Czech Republic and compare them with a Czech population sample and other samples from Central and South-Eastern Europe, and to evaluate the effects of genetic isolation and sampling. Methods The first sample set of the Valachs consisted of 94 unrelated male donors from the Valach region in northeastern Czech Republic border-area. The second sample set of the Valachs consisted of 79 men who originated from 7 paternal lineages defined by surname. No close relatives were sampled. The third sample set consisted of 273 unrelated men from the whole of the Czech Republic and was used for comparison, as well as published data for other 27 populations. The total number of samples was 3244. Y-short tandem repeat (STR) markers were typed by standard methods using PowerPlex® Y System (Promega) and Yfiler® Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems) kits. Y-chromosomal haplogroups were estimated from the haplotype information. Haplotype diversity and other intra- and inter-population statistics were computed. Results The Moravian Valachs showed a lower genetic variability of Y-STR markers than other Central European populations, resembling more to the isolated Balkan populations (Aromuns, Csango, Bulgarian, and Macedonian Roma) than the surrounding populations (Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Saxons). We illustrated the effect of sampling on Valach paternal lineages, which includes reduction of discrimination capacity and variability inside Y-chromosomal haplogroups. Valach modal haplotype belongs to R1a haplogroup and it was not detected in the Czech population. Conclusion The Moravian Valachs display strong substructure and isolation in their Y chromosomal markers. They represent a unique Central European population model for population genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvard Ehler
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Lacau H, Bukhari A, Gayden T, La Salvia J, Regueiro M, Stojkovic O, Herrera RJ. Y-STR profiling in two Afghanistan populations. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2011; 13:103-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Terreros MC, Rowold DJ, Mirabal S, Herrera RJ. Mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomal stratification in Iran: relationship between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. J Hum Genet 2011; 56:235-46. [PMID: 21326310 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2010.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Modern day Iran is strategically located in the tri-continental corridor uniting Africa, Europe and Asia. Several ethnic groups belonging to distinct religions, speaking different languages and claiming divergent ancestries inhabit the region, generating a potentially diverse genetic reservoir. In addition, past pre-historical and historical events such as the out-of-Africa migrations, the Neolithic expansion from the Fertile Crescent, the Indo-Aryan treks from the Central Asian steppes, the westward Mongol expansions and the Muslim invasions may have chiseled their genetic fingerprints within the genealogical substrata of the Persians. On the other hand, the Iranian perimeter is bounded by the Zagros and Albrez mountain ranges, and the Dasht-e Kavir and Dash-e Lut deserts, which may have restricted gene flow from neighboring regions. By utilizing high-resolution mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers and reanalyzing our previously published Y-chromosomal data, we have found a previously unexplored, genetic connection between Iranian populations and the Arabian Peninsula, likely the result of both ancient and recent gene flow. Furthermore, the regional distribution of mtDNA haplogroups J, I, U2 and U7 also provides evidence of barriers to gene flow posed by the two major Iranian deserts and the Zagros mountain range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Terreros
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL FL 33199, USA
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Fadhlaoui-Zid K, Rodríguez-Botigué L, Naoui N, Benammar-Elgaaied A, Calafell F, Comas D. Mitochondrial DNA structure in North Africa reveals a genetic discontinuity in the Nile Valley. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 145:107-17. [PMID: 21312180 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human population movements in North Africa have been mostly restricted to an east-west direction due to the geographical barriers imposed by the Sahara Desert and the Mediterranean Sea. Although these barriers have not completely impeded human migrations, genetic studies have shown that an east-west genetic gradient exists. However, the lack of genetic information of certain geographical areas and the focus of some studies in parts of the North African landscape have limited the global view of the genetic pool of North African populations. To provide a global view of the North African genetic landscape and population structure, we have analyzed ∼2,300 North African mitochondrial DNA lineages (including 269 new sequences from Libya, in the first mtDNA study of the general Libyan population). Our results show a clinal distribution of certain haplogroups, some of them more frequent in Western (H, HV0, L1b, L3b, U6) or Eastern populations (L0a, R0a, N1b, I, J) that might be the result of human migrations from the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa, and Europe. Despite this clinal pattern, a genetic discontinuity is found in the Libyan/Egyptian border, suggesting a differential gene flow in the Nile River Valley. Finally, frequency of the post-LGM subclades H1 and H3 is predominant in Libya within the H sequences, highlighting the magnitude of the LGM expansion in North Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Fadhlaoui-Zid
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology, and Human Pathology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
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Bembea M, Patocs A, Kozma K, Jurca C, Skrypnyk C. Y-chromosome STR haplotype diversity in three ethnically isolated population from North-Western Romania. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2011; 5:e99-100. [PMID: 21269904 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mendizabal I, Valente C, Gusmão A, Alves C, Gomes V, Goios A, Parson W, Calafell F, Alvarez L, Amorim A, Gusmão L, Comas D, Prata MJ. Reconstructing the Indian origin and dispersal of the European Roma: a maternal genetic perspective. PLoS One 2011; 6:e15988. [PMID: 21264345 PMCID: PMC3018485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous genetic, anthropological and linguistic studies have shown that Roma (Gypsies) constitute a founder population dispersed throughout Europe whose origins might be traced to the Indian subcontinent. Linguistic and anthropological evidence point to Indo-Aryan ethnic groups from North-western India as the ancestral parental population of Roma. Recently, a strong genetic hint supporting this theory came from a study of a private mutation causing primary congenital glaucoma. In the present study, complete mitochondrial control sequences of Iberian Roma and previously published maternal lineages of other European Roma were analyzed in order to establish the genetic affinities among Roma groups, determine the degree of admixture with neighbouring populations, infer the migration routes followed since the first arrival to Europe, and survey the origin of Roma within the Indian subcontinent. Our results show that the maternal lineage composition in the Roma groups follows a pattern of different migration routes, with several founder effects, and low effective population sizes along their dispersal. Our data allowed the confirmation of a North/West migration route shared by Polish, Lithuanian and Iberian Roma. Additionally, eleven Roma founder lineages were identified and degrees of admixture with host populations were estimated. Finally, the comparison with an extensive database of Indian sequences allowed us to identify the Punjab state, in North-western India, as the putative ancestral homeland of the European Roma, in agreement with previous linguistic and anthropological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Mendizabal
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), CEXS-UPF-PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Valente
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Gusmão
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Cíntia Alves
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Verónica Gomes
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Goios
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Francesc Calafell
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), CEXS-UPF-PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Alvarez
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - António Amorim
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Leonor Gusmão
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - David Comas
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), CEXS-UPF-PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria João Prata
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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