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Pokeerbux MR, Mavingui P, Gérardin P, Agrinier N, Gokalsing E, Meilhac O, Cournot M. A Holistic Approach to Cardiometabolic and Infectious Health in the General Population of Reunion Island: The REUNION Study. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2024:10.1007/s44197-024-00221-9. [PMID: 38564109 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-024-00221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reunion Island is a French overseas department in the South West Indian Ocean with a unique multi-ethnic population. Cardiovascular diseases are the most common chronic conditions with higher prevalences of hypertension and diabetes compared to mainland France. Moreover, Reunion Island is particularly exposed to vector-borne diseases such as chikungunya and dengue. Our objective is to describe the prevalence of cardiometabolic and infectious diseases in Reunion Island and explore causal mechanisms linking these diseases. METHODS The REUNION study is an ongoing French prospective study. From January 2022, 2,000 consenting participants (18-68 years old) are being recruited from the general population according to polling lists and random generation of cellphone number. Baseline examination consists of (i) general health examination, assessment of cardiovascular risk factors, markers of subclinical atherosclerosis, bronchial obstruction, neuropathic and autonomic dysfunction, (ii) questionnaires to determine sociodemographic characteristics, diet, exposure to vector-borne diseases, mental health and cognitive functions, social inequalities in health and ethnic origins, (iii) biological sampling for determination of cardiovascular risk factors, seroprevalence of infectious diseases, innovative lipid biomarkers, advanced omics, composition of intestinal, periodontal and skin microbiota, and biobanking. CONCLUSIONS The REUNION study should provide new insights into the prevalence of cardiometabolic and infectious diseases, as well as their potential associations through the examination of various environmental pathways and a wide range of health aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ryadh Pokeerbux
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Diabète Athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), INSERM U1188, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, 97410, France.
| | - Patrick Mavingui
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire et Tropical (PIMIT), CNRS 9192, INSERM U1187, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, 97490, France
| | - Patrick Gérardin
- Plateforme de Recherche Clinique et Translationnelle, INSERM CIC1410, CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, 97400, France
| | - Nelly Agrinier
- CHRU-Nancy, Université de Lorraine, CIC, Epidémiologie clinique, Inserm, Nancy, F-54000, France
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, INSPIIRE, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Erick Gokalsing
- Etablissement Public de Santé Mentale de La Réunion, 42 chemin du Grand Pourpier, 97866, Saint-Paul Cedex, France
- Laboratoire IRISSE (IngéniéRIe de la Santé, du Sport et de l'Environnement), Université de La Réunion, UFR SHE, Saint Pierre, EA, 4075, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Diabète Athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), INSERM U1188, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, 97410, France
- Plateforme de Recherche Clinique et Translationnelle, INSERM CIC1410, CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, 97400, France
| | - Maxime Cournot
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Diabète Athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), INSERM U1188, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, 97410, France
- Groupe de santé Clinifutur, Clinique Les Orchidées, Le Port, La Réunion, 97420, France
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Origins, admixture and founder lineages in European Roma. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 24:937-43. [PMID: 26374132 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Roma, also known as 'Gypsies', represent the largest and the most widespread ethnic minority of Europe. There is increasing evidence, based on linguistic, anthropological and genetic data, to suggest that they originated from the Indian subcontinent, with subsequent bottlenecks and undetermined gene flow from/to hosting populations during their diaspora. Further support comes from the presence of Indian uniparentally inherited lineages, such as mitochondrial DNA M and Y-chromosome H haplogroups, in a significant number of Roma individuals. However, the limited resolution of most genetic studies so far, together with the restriction of the samples used, have prevented the detection of other non-Indian founder lineages that might have been present in the proto-Roma population. We performed a high-resolution study of the uniparental genomes of 753 Roma and 984 non-Roma hosting European individuals. Roma groups show lower genetic diversity and high heterogeneity compared with non-Roma samples as a result of lower effective population size and extensive drift, consistent with a series of bottlenecks during their diaspora. We found a set of founder lineages, present in the Roma and virtually absent in the non-Roma, for the maternal (H7, J1b3, J1c1, M18, M35b, M5a1, U3, and X2d) and paternal (I-P259, J-M92, and J-M67) genomes. This lineage classification allows us to identify extensive gene flow from non-Roma to Roma groups, whereas the opposite pattern, although not negligible, is substantially lower (up to 6.3%). Finally, the exact haplotype matching analysis of both uniparental lineages consistently points to a Northwestern origin of the proto-Roma population within the Indian subcontinent.
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Fregel R, Seetah K, Betancor E, Suárez NM, Calaon D, Čaval S, Janoo A, Pestano J. Multiple ethnic origins of mitochondrial DNA lineages for the population of Mauritius. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93294. [PMID: 24676463 PMCID: PMC3968120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports on the first genetic assessment of the contemporary Mauritian population. Small island nodes such as Mauritius played a critical role in historic globalization processes and revealing high-resolution details of labour sourcing is crucial in order to better understand early-modern diaspora events. Mauritius is a particularly interesting case given detailed historic accounts attesting to European (Dutch, French and British), African and Asian points of origin. Ninety-seven samples were analysed for mitochondrial DNA to begin unravelling the complex dynamics of the island's modern population. In corroboration with general demographic information, the majority of maternal lineages were derived from South Asia (58.76%), with Malagasy (16.60%), East/Southeast Asian (11.34%) and Sub-Saharan African (10.21%) also making significant contributions. This study pinpoints specific regional origins for the South Asian genetic contribution, showing a greater influence on the contemporary population from northern and southeast India. Moreover, the analysis of lineages related to the slave trade demonstrated that Madagascar and East Asia were the main centres of origin, with less influence from West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fregel
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
- Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Krish Seetah
- Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Eva Betancor
- Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine of Las Palmas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Nicolás M. Suárez
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Diego Calaon
- Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- IDEAS Interdepartmental Centre, Ca'Foscari University, Venice, Italy
| | - Saša Čaval
- Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Anwar Janoo
- Department of History, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Jose Pestano
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
- Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine of Las Palmas, Las Palmas, Spain
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Ranaweera L, Kaewsutthi S, Win Tun A, Boonyarit H, Poolsuwan S, Lertrit P. Mitochondrial DNA history of Sri Lankan ethnic people: their relations within the island and with the Indian subcontinental populations. J Hum Genet 2013; 59:28-36. [PMID: 24196378 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Located only a short distance off the southernmost shore of the Greater Indian subcontinent, the island of Sri Lanka has long been inhabited by various ethnic populations. Mainly comprising the Vedda, Sinhalese (Up- and Low-country) and Tamil (Sri Lankan and Indian); their history of settlements on the island and the biological relationships among them have remained obscure. It has been hypothesized that the Vedda was probably the earliest inhabitants of the area, followed by Sinhalese and Tamil from the Indian mainland. This study, in which 271 individuals, representing the Sri Lankan ethnic populations mentioned, were typed for their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hypervariable segment 1 (HVS-1) and part of hypervariable segment 2 (HVS-2), provides implications for their settlement history on the island. From the phylogenetic, principal coordinate and analysis of molecular variance results, the Vedda occupied a position separated from all other ethnic people of the island, who formed relatively close affiliations among themselves, suggesting a separate origin of the former. The haplotypes and analysis of molecular variance revealed that Vedda people's mitochondrial sequences are more related to the Sinhalese and Sri Lankan Tamils' than the Indian Tamils' sequences. MtDNA haplogroup analysis revealed that several West Eurasian haplogroups as well as Indian-specific mtDNA clades were found amongst the Sri Lankan populations. Through a comparison with the mtDNA HVS-1 and part of HVS-2 of Indian database, both Tamils and Sinhalese clusters were affiliated with Indian subcontinent populations than Vedda people who are believed to be the native population of the island of Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanka Ranaweera
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supannee Kaewsutthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aung Win Tun
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hathaichanoke Boonyarit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Samerchai Poolsuwan
- Faculty of Sociology and Anthropology, Thammasat University, PraChan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patcharee Lertrit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Indian signatures in the westernmost edge of the European Romani diaspora: new insight from mitogenomes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75397. [PMID: 24143169 PMCID: PMC3797067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In agreement with historical documentation, several genetic studies have revealed ancestral links between the European Romani and India. The entire mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 27 Spanish Romani was sequenced in order to shed further light on the origins of this population. The data were analyzed together with a large published dataset (mainly hypervariable region I [HVS-I] haplotypes) of Romani (N=1,353) and non-Romani worldwide populations (N>150,000). Analysis of mitogenomes allowed the characterization of various Romani-specific clades. M5a1b1a1 is the most distinctive European Romani haplogroup; it is present in all Romani groups at variable frequencies (with only sporadic findings in non-Romani) and represents 18% of their mtDNA pool. Its phylogeographic features indicate that M5a1b1a1 originated 1.5 thousand years ago (kya; 95% CI: 1.3-1.8) in a proto-Romani population living in Northwest India. U3 represents the most characteristic Romani haplogroup of European/Near Eastern origin (12.4%); it appears at dissimilar frequencies across the continent (Iberia: ≈ 31%; Eastern/Central Europe: ≈ 13%). All U3 mitogenomes of our Iberian Romani sample fall within a new sub-clade, U3b1c, which can be dated to 0.5 kya (95% CI: 0.3-0.7); therefore, signaling a lower bound for the founder event that followed admixture in Europe/Near East. Other minor European/Near Eastern haplogroups (e.g. H24, H88a) were also assimilated into the Romani by introgression with neighboring populations during their diaspora into Europe; yet some show a differentiation from the phylogenetically closest non-Romani counterpart. The phylogeny of Romani mitogenomes shows clear signatures of low effective population sizes and founder effects. Overall, these results are in good agreement with historical documentation, suggesting that cultural identity and relative isolation have allowed the Romani to preserve a distinctive mtDNA heritage, with some features linking them unequivocally to their ancestral Indian homeland.
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Congenital heart defects in La Réunion Island: a 6-year survey within a EUROCAT-affiliated congenital anomalies registry. Cardiol Young 2012; 22:547-57. [PMID: 22325463 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951112000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compares the prevalence and perinatal mortality of congenital heart defects on La Réunion with European (EUROCAT) standards. METHODS AND RESULTS Data were extracted from a EUROCAT-affiliated congenital malformations registry, covering 88,025 births during the period 2002-2007, on the whole island territory. A total of 512 congenital heart defects were registered, including 424 live births, 18 foetal deaths from 16 weeks of gestation, and 70 terminations of pregnancy. The total prevalence of congenital heart defects was 5.8 per 1000 births and live birth prevalence was 4.8 per 1000. The total prevalence of non-chromosomal congenital heart defects was 5.1 per 1000 births, of which 3% were perinatal deaths, 33.3% prenatally diagnosed, and 11.6% termination of pregnancy. Severe non-chromosomal congenital heart defects - excluding ventricular septal defects, atrial septal defects, and pulmonary valve stenosis - occurred in 2.1 per 1000 births, of which 10.3% were perinatal deaths, 59.1% prenatally diagnosed, and 24.3% termination of pregnancy. Of the severe congenital heart defects, the rates of single ventricle (0.20‰), Ebstein anomaly (0.11‰), common arterial trunk (0.25‰), and atrioventricular septal defect (0.62‰) exceeded averages found in Europe, although coarctation of the aorta was infrequent. Conversely, rates of ventricular septal defects, atrial septal defects, and pulmonary valve stenosis were inferior to European standards. Slightly less than half of the congenital heart defects of chromosomal origin were associated with Down syndrome. CONCLUSION In La Réunion, the total prevalence of congenital heart defects is far inferior to that found in Europe. The difference can be attributable to lower prevalences of mild congenital heart defects.
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Capredon M, Sanchez-Mazas A, Guitard E, Razafindrazaka H, Chiaroni J, Champion B, Dugoujon JM. The Arabo-Islamic migrations in Madagascar: first genetic study of the GM system in three Malagasy populations. Int J Immunogenet 2011; 39:161-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2011.01069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Mendizabal I, Valente C, Gusmão A, Alves C, Gomes V, Goios A, Parson W, Calafell F, Alvarez L, Amorim A, Gusmão L, Comas D, Prata MJ. Reconstructing the Indian origin and dispersal of the European Roma: a maternal genetic perspective. PLoS One 2011; 6:e15988. [PMID: 21264345 PMCID: PMC3018485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous genetic, anthropological and linguistic studies have shown that Roma (Gypsies) constitute a founder population dispersed throughout Europe whose origins might be traced to the Indian subcontinent. Linguistic and anthropological evidence point to Indo-Aryan ethnic groups from North-western India as the ancestral parental population of Roma. Recently, a strong genetic hint supporting this theory came from a study of a private mutation causing primary congenital glaucoma. In the present study, complete mitochondrial control sequences of Iberian Roma and previously published maternal lineages of other European Roma were analyzed in order to establish the genetic affinities among Roma groups, determine the degree of admixture with neighbouring populations, infer the migration routes followed since the first arrival to Europe, and survey the origin of Roma within the Indian subcontinent. Our results show that the maternal lineage composition in the Roma groups follows a pattern of different migration routes, with several founder effects, and low effective population sizes along their dispersal. Our data allowed the confirmation of a North/West migration route shared by Polish, Lithuanian and Iberian Roma. Additionally, eleven Roma founder lineages were identified and degrees of admixture with host populations were estimated. Finally, the comparison with an extensive database of Indian sequences allowed us to identify the Punjab state, in North-western India, as the putative ancestral homeland of the European Roma, in agreement with previous linguistic and anthropological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Mendizabal
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), CEXS-UPF-PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Valente
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Gusmão
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Cíntia Alves
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Verónica Gomes
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Goios
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Francesc Calafell
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), CEXS-UPF-PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Alvarez
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - António Amorim
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Leonor Gusmão
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - David Comas
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), CEXS-UPF-PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria João Prata
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Deguilloux MF, Pemonge MH, Dubut V, Hughes S, Hänni C, Chollet L, Conte E, Murail P. Human ancient and extant mtDNA from the Gambier Islands (French polynesia): Evidence for an early Melanesian maternal contribution and new perspectives into the settlement of Easternmost Polynesia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2010; 144:248-57. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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