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Affiliation(s)
- William C. Denison
- Department of Botany Swarthmore College Swarthmore, Pennsylvania and Department of Botany University of Texas Austin, Texas
| | - George C. Carroll
- Department of Botany Swarthmore College Swarthmore, Pennsylvania and Department of Botany University of Texas Austin, Texas
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- W. M. Hess
- Department of Botany, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84601
| | - M. M. A. Sassen
- Department of Botany, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Holland
| | - C. C. Remsen
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543
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3
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Rudolph ED, Giesy RM. Electron Microscope Studies of Lichen Reproductive Structures in Physcia Aipolia. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1966.12018370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel D. Rudolph
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio
| | - Robert M. Giesy
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio
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4
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Stocks DL, Hess WM. Ultrastructure of Dormant and Germinated Basidiospores of a Species of Psilocybe. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1970.12018952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. L. Stocks
- Department of Botany, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84601
| | - W. M. Hess
- Department of Botany, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84601
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Bracker
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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6
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de Faria AF, de Moraes ACM, Alves OL. Toxicity of Nanomaterials to Microorganisms: Mechanisms, Methods, and New Perspectives. Nanotoxicology 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8993-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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7
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9
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Bull AT, Chesters CG. The biochemistry of laminarin and the nature of laminarinase. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 28:325-64. [PMID: 5334063 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122730.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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10
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Klomparens KL. The development and application of ultrastructural research in mycology. Mycopathologia 1990; 109:139-48. [PMID: 2183064 DOI: 10.1007/bf00436793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Electron microscopy has contributed a great deal to the field of mycology. Fungal ultrastructure has been, and continues to be, a key research element in the study of spore development and germination, host-pathogen interactions, nuclear behavior, and studies of subcellular organelles and organization linking structure and function. Since the earliest research in transmission electron microscopy in the 1950s, mycologists have kept pace with the developments in all areas of electron microscopy and have used them to great advantage in generating fine structural information on fungi. These recent developments include the use of scanning electron microscopy in the 1960s, X-ray microanalysis, cryopreservation and immunoelectron microscopy in the 1970s and 1980s. All of these techniques will continue to provide mycologists with the means to gain morphological and analytical data at the ultrastructural level.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Klomparens
- Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1311
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11
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12
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13
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Ohkawa A, Aoki J. Fine structure of resting spore formation and germination in Entomophthora virulenta. J Invertebr Pathol 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(80)90163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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15
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Sun SH, Sekhon SS, Huppert M. Electron microscopic studies of saprobic and parasitic forms of Coccidioides immitis. SABOURAUDIA 1979; 17:265-73. [PMID: 531717 DOI: 10.1080/00362177985380391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During studies of both saprobic and parasitic cycles of Coccidioides immitis, we found that the hyphae contained septa with simple pores, Woronin bodies, pinocytotic vesicles and/or lomasomes. The alternating thallic arthroconidia were released by fracturing of the adjacent sterile cells. The endospores were formed by progressive cleavage of the spherules. The taxonomic classification of C. immitis still remains obscure.
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16
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Smith S, Lyon A. Effect of paraquat on fine structure of Aspergillus niger and Mucor hiemalis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0007-1536(77)80094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Berg B, Hofsten AV. The ultrastructure of the fungus Trichoderma viride and investigation of its growth on cellulose. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1976; 41:395-9. [PMID: 1035213 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1976.tb00651.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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18
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19
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Abu-Zinada AA, Cobb A, Boulter D. An electron-microscopic study of the effects of parasite interaction between Vicia faba L. and Uromyces fabae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(75)90014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Abstract
The ultrastructure and mode of formation of septa of Geotrichum candidum were investigated by light and electron microscopy. The invaginations of the lateral membrane and wall appear to initiate at multiple points around the circumference of the cell; the immature septum subsequently assumes a cart-wheel shape, with branched spokes radiating from the center of the septum. Each face of the septum is covered with a membrane possessing hitherto undescribed structural differentiation; the membrane substructures are comprised of two central subunits encircled by 12 identical subunits. The diameter of the entire 12 plus 2 structure is 24 to 25 nm, and the diameter of each individual subunit is approximately 4 nm. The maturation of the septum appears to occur by further deposition of material along the branched skeletal regions. Numerous small openings (micropores), formed as a result of incomplete deposition, ultimately give rise to plasmodesmata. During arthrospore formation, the plasmodesmal canals and associated micropores are occluded by electron-dense materials, rendering each segment of the hyphae completely independent of the rest of the hyphae.
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21
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Oláh GM. The fine structure of Psilocybe quebecensis. MYCOPATHOLOGIA ET MYCOLOGIA APPLICATA 1973; 49:321-38. [PMID: 4122667 DOI: 10.1007/bf02050725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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22
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Cole GT. Microfibrils in the cytoplasm of fertile hyphae of the imperfect fungus, Drechslera sorokiniana. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1972; 41:563-71. [PMID: 4640553 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(72)90057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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Dieleman-Van Zaayen A. Intracellular appearance of mushroom virus in fruiting bodies and basidiospores of Agaricus bisporus. Virology 1972; 47:94-104. [PMID: 4110129 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(72)90242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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Keddie FM, Barajas L. Quantitative ultrastructural variations between Pityrosporum ovale and P. orbiculare based on serial section electron microscopy. Int J Dermatol 1972; 11:40-8. [PMID: 5062018 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1972.tb01720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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25
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26
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Winkle WBV, Biesele JJ, Wagner RP. THE MITOTIC SPINDLE APPARATUS OF NEUROSPORA CRASSA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1139/g71-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Electron microscopic studies of the sl-327 mutant of Neurospora crassa reveal that somatic nuclear division in hyphlet somatic cells involves a definite spindle apparatus consisting of spindle microtubules terminating at specific loci on the external surface of the nuclear envelope. These loci, termed spindle plaques, have been observed in a variety of other fungal species and seem to play a role in the initiation of spindle microtubule growth during mitosis. The development of the various spindle components and their possible functions in nuclear division in this strain of Neurospora are discussed.
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27
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Heyn AN. Observations on the exocytosis of secretory vesicles and their products in coleoptiles of Avena. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1971; 37:69-81. [PMID: 4329672 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(71)80041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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28
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29
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Blyth W. Modifications in the ultrastructure ofAspergillus fumigatusdue to the presence of living cells ofPseudomonas aeruginosa. Med Mycol 1971. [DOI: 10.1080/00362177185190541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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31
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Licht-und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an meiotischen Basidien von Coprinus radiatus (Bolt) Fr. Arch Microbiol 1971. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00425034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Garrison RG, Lane JW, Field MF. Ultrastructural changes during the yeastlike to mycelial-phase conversion of Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum. J Bacteriol 1970; 101:628-35. [PMID: 5413831 PMCID: PMC284950 DOI: 10.1128/jb.101.2.628-635.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine details of the sequential anatomical events occurring during yeast to mold morphogenesis of the dimorphic fungal pathogens Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum as seen in ultrathin sections are described and illustrated by electron micrographs. Discrete intracytoplasmic membrane systems intimately associated with the plasma membrane were observed to be formed within 6 to 8 hr after induction of the conversion process. Within 12 to 18 hr, an intermediate or transitional cell with Woronin bodies at the septum was formed from the converting yeastlike cell. Both cells were noted to contain increased numbers of mitochondria. At approximately 48 hr from the initial induction of the conversion stimuli, the newly forming hyphal cells were observed to produce postconversional intracytoplasmic membrane systems seen normally in the ultrastructural organization of the fully established mycelial-phase cell. These membrane systems appear to be associated with normal septal formation. Although minor variations of time were observed in the occurrence of the sequential events, it is suggested that yeastlike to mycelial-phase conversion of these two fungal pathogens proceeds via a similar mechanism of ultrastructural reorganization.
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33
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Carbonell LM, Kanetsuna F, Gil F. Chemical morphology of glucan and chitin in the cell wall of the yeast phase of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. J Bacteriol 1970; 101:636-42. [PMID: 5413832 PMCID: PMC284951 DOI: 10.1128/jb.101.2.636-642.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Short and thick fibers were observed on the outer surface of the yeast phase of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and long and thin fibers were seen on the inner surface. The long fibers disappear with chitinase treatment and are composed of chitin. The short fibers disappear under alkali treatment and are composed of alpha-glucan. Comparisons with alpha-(1 --> 3)-glucan isolated from Aspergillus niger and Polyporus betulinus and with chitin from fungal origin support our point of view.
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34
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Fine structure of the fungus Metarrhizium anisopliae infecting three species of larval Elateridae (Coleoptera). J Invertebr Pathol 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(70)90100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Old K, Robertson W. Examination of conidia of Cochliobolus sativus recovered from natural soil using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/s0007-1536(69)80055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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37
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Calonge FD. Ultrastructure of the haustoria or intracellular hyphae in four different fungi. Arch Microbiol 1969. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00411257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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38
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Brown RM, Wilson R. ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THE LICHEN PHYSCZA AZPOLIA (EHRH.) NYL.(1,2). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 1968; 4:230-240. [PMID: 27068081 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.1968.tb04720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ultrastructure of the lichen Physcia aipolia was studied in the desiccated and hydrated states. No significant structural variation between these 2 states was noted for the fungus. The fungus contains unusual ellipsoidal structures heretofore unobserved. Their possible role in the formation of membrane is discussed. The plasmalemma of the fungus is convoluted while that of the alga is smooth. The convoluted projections have a "double-unit membrane" structure similar to fingerlike projections of the ellipsoidal bodies. With Os O4 fixation crystals are pre-served, enclosed in unit membrane sacs which extend to the convoluted surface. The pyrenoid of the associated alga does not produce starch in the desiccated condition, and electron-dense granules are present in the matrix associated with chloroplast lamellae which enter this area. In the hydrated condition, the alga contains abundant starch in the pyrenoid region, and the electron-dense granules are displaced to the preriphery of the pyrenoid starch. Mitochondria, endo-plasmic reticulum, and ribosomes are not clearly defined in the desiccated state while they are more so in the hydrated condition. Golgi bodies were not observed in the either lichen component. Finally, no fine structural basis for indicating an exchanged of materials between the alga and fungus was observed except, possibly, the convoluted plasmalemma of the fungus and the smooth plasmalemma of the alga.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Brown
- Department of Botany, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - R Wilson
- Department of Botany, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas
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40
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Carbonell LM, Rodriguez J. Mycelial phase of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Blastomyces dermatitidis: an electron microscope study. J Bacteriol 1968; 96:533-43. [PMID: 5674059 PMCID: PMC252327 DOI: 10.1128/jb.96.2.533-543.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A comparative study of the mycelial phase of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Blastomyces dermatitidis reveals that both fungi are very much alike, containing multiple nuclei and nuclear pores, mitochondria, ribosomes, scarce endoplasmic reticulum, intracytoplasmic membrane systems, glycogen, and vacuoles. Shadowed cell walls show fine fibrillar surfaces that contrast with those in the yeast phase. The intracytoplasmic membrane system is continuous with the plasma membrane and is similar to bacterial mesosomes. Granules with light cores and dark rims are observed in the plasma membrane. Live hyphae growing inside a dead hypha are found much more frequently in immersed cultures than in solid-medium cultures, suggesting that breakage of the hypha could elicit this phenomenon.
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41
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Buckley PM, Sommer NF, Matsumoto TT. Ultrastructural details in germinating sporangiospores of Rhizopus stolonifer and Rhizopus arrhizus. J Bacteriol 1968; 95:2365-73. [PMID: 4876136 PMCID: PMC315172 DOI: 10.1128/jb.95.6.2365-2373.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Electron microscope examination of sporangiospore sections from Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb. ex Fr.) Lind. and R. arrhizus Fischer revealed details on intracellular organization not previously reported. Aldehyde fixation followed by chromeosmium postfixation permitted clear depiction of ribosomes hitherto unrevealed in these cells. Mitochondria were diversiform. Spore wall structures in the two species were generally similar, but outer contours differed sufficiently to permit easy species identification in examination of sections. The spores of both species abounded in cytosomes, corresponding in size, shape, and heavy-metal "stain" affinities to spherosomes in cells of higher plants. The osmiophilic response of these spherosome-like inclusions was intensified by treatment of sections with thiocarbohydrazide solution and subsequent application of aqueous osmium tetroxide, which strengthens an assumption that they are lipid-rich. The margins of the spherosome-like inclusions in lead citrate-stained sections included dense particles, about 60 A across, whose crystalline-like arrangements suggested that protein as well as lipid was present. Frequent and close associations between the spherosome-like inclusions and various cell membranes suggested that such bodies participate in membrane elaboration during germination.
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42
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Niederpruem DJ, Jersild RA. Nuclear behavior in multinucleate Schizophyllum commune Germlings. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1968; 61:223-31. [PMID: 4884198 DOI: 10.1007/bf00446608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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43
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Keddie FM. Further investigations of the electron micsoscopic examination of human hair naturally infected byMicrosporum gypseum. Med Mycol 1968. [DOI: 10.1080/00362176885190021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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44
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Smith DG, Marchant R. Lipid inclusions in the vacuoles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1968; 60:340-7. [PMID: 5706417 DOI: 10.1007/bf00408554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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45
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Marchant R, Smith DG. A serological investigation of hyphal growth in Fusarium culmorum. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1968; 63:85-94. [PMID: 4974588 DOI: 10.1007/bf00407067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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46
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Thornton RM. The fine structure of Phycomyces. 1. Autophagic vesicles. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1967; 21:269-80. [PMID: 5587788 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(67)80096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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47
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Mahadevan PR, Tatum EL. Localization of structural polymers in the cell wall of Neurospora crassa. J Cell Biol 1967; 35:295-302. [PMID: 6055990 PMCID: PMC2107141 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.35.2.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution and localization of structural polymers in the cell wall of Neurospora crassa has been studied by selective removal and light and electron microscope examination. Observations with the light microscope indicated that each polymer by itself can provide structural integrity to the cell wall. Examination by electron microscopy showed that the cell wall consists of an outer layer of thick fibrils, identified chemically as a glucan-peptide-galactosamine complex, and an inner layer made up of beta-1,3 glucan and thin fibrils of chitin.
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48
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Abstract
Fine details of the internal and external morphology of Cryptococcus neoformans as seen in ultrathin sections are described and illustrated with electron micrographs. The capsule characteristic of this species contained microfibrils (30 to 40 A in diameter) that appeared to radiate from the cell wall and to coil and intertwine in various directions. These thin, uniformly structured, electron-dense filaments are believed to represent complex polysaccharide molecules. The internal morphology of C. neoformans was in many ways similar to that of yeasts studied by other authors. The cell was uninucleate with a single nucleolus. The nuclear envelope, a pair of unit membranes interrupted by pores, was typical of that found in eucaryotic organisms. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, vacuoles, storage granules, and ribosomes were consistent features of the cytoplasm. In addition, C. neoformans presented membranous organelles derived from the plasma membrane and comparable to bacterial mesosomes and mitochondria of an annulate type.
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49
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Watson K, Smith JE. Oxidative phosphorylation and respiratory control in mitochondria from Aspergillus niger. Biochem J 1967; 104:332-9. [PMID: 4292772 PMCID: PMC1270592 DOI: 10.1042/bj1040332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
1. Tightly coupled mitochondria were isolated from Aspergillus niger by using an all-glass homogenizer followed by differential centrifugation. 2. The mitochondria oxidized the common intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, NADH(2) and the ascorbate-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine system. 3. High P/O ratios and control of respiration by ADP were obtained with all substrates tested. The average P/O ratios observed were: 1.5-1.8 with succinate as substrate [respiratory control ratio (RC) 2-4]; 0.8-1.0 with ascorbate-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (RC 1.2-1.5); 1.4-1.8 with NADH(2) (RC 2-3); 2.4-2.8 with alpha-oxoglutarate (RC 3-5). 4. Bovine serum albumin (0.05-0.2%) was essential for tightly coupled respiration to be observed. 5. Coupled oxidation of exogenous NADH(2) was relatively insensitive to rotenone and Amytal. 6. The mitochondria responded to specific inhibitors and uncoupling agents in a manner similar to that of mammalian mitochondria. 7. It was concluded that the isolated mitochondria from A. niger show respiratory properties similar to those reported for intact yeast and mammalian mitochondria.
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50
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Carbonell LM. Cell wall changes during the budding process of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Blastomyces dermatitidis. J Bacteriol 1967; 94:213-23. [PMID: 6027991 PMCID: PMC251892 DOI: 10.1128/jb.94.1.213-223.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The difference between the budding process of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Blastomyces dermatitidis is reported herein. A characteristic feature in P. brasiliensis is that the optical density of the cell wall increases at the site where budding begins and at the neck of the dividing cell, whereas B. dermatitidis does not undergo this alteration. The neck which is formed between the mother and daughter cell at the site of division is much wider in B. dermatitidis than in P. brasiliensis. The bud scar in P. brasiliensis appears as a truncated cone, the top of which is covered only by the inner layer of the cell wall; in comparison, in B. dermatitidis the bud scar exhibits a flattened surface covered by the cell wall. Both fungi show an increase in the number of mitochondria and infoldings of the cytoplasmic membrane at the site of separation, which indicates that at this site there is an increase of metabolic activity.
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