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Ferrater JB, Gómez-Marco F, Yoshimoto AK, Greene TD, Simmons GS, Daugherty MP, Rugman-Jones PF. Development of a sterile insect technique as a control strategy for the Asian citrus psyllid: establishing the effect of sterilizing X-rays on fecundity, fertility, and survival. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024:toae098. [PMID: 38728437 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is a major pest of citrus due to its role as the vector of the bacterium that causes huanglongbing. In commercial citrus, ACP control currently relies on the application of insecticides, which may not be sustainable long-term, nor practical in urban areas. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an alternative strategy in which large numbers of pests are reared, sterilized using radiation, and then released into the field to compete with wild individuals for matings, suppressing population growth. As a fundamental step toward the development of SIT for ACP, this study sought to identify the optimum radiation dose required to sterilize ACP without affecting their survival and mating capacity. Virgin adult ACP of both sexes were subjected to doses of X-ray irradiation ranging from 40 to 480 Gy, then paired with a nonirradiated mate and allowed to produce offspring. Fecundity was estimated as the number of eggs laid, and fertility as the proportion of those eggs that hatched. Females were more radio-sensitive than males, exhibiting a major drop in fecundity at even the lowest dose and 100% sterility at 80 Gy. In contrast, a fivefold higher dose (400 Gy) did not achieve complete sterility in males, with around 5% offspring survival. However, F1 progeny of males exposed to 320 Gy or higher were subsequently found to be 100% sterile. This confirmation of inherited sterility suggests that balancing the sterilizing effects of radiation against its mortality-inducing effects may warrant further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedeliza B Ferrater
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Francesc Gómez-Marco
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Andrew K Yoshimoto
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Thomas D Greene
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Science and Technology, California Station, 1636 E. Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905, USA
| | - Gregory S Simmons
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Science and Technology, California Station, 1636 E. Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905, USA
| | - Matthew P Daugherty
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Paul F Rugman-Jones
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Saveer AM, Hu J, Strickland J, Krueger R, Clafford S, Zhang A. Reproductive Behavior and Development of the Global Insect Pest, Cotton Seed Bug Oxycarenus hyalinipennis. INSECTS 2024; 15:65. [PMID: 38249071 PMCID: PMC10816881 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the fundamental life cycle and reproductive behavior of a pest insect is essential for developing efficient control strategies; however, much of this knowledge remains elusive for a multitude of insects, including the cotton seed bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis. Here, we report the results of our comprehensive study on the cotton seed bug's life cycle, including mating behavior, adult lifespan, and egg-to-adulthood development. Our findings showed that adult males and females began mating as early as three days after emerging (75%), and the frequency of mating increased to 100% by the fifth day. Mated females commenced oviposition on cotton seeds as early as two days after mating, with a cumulative mean number of 151 fertile eggs oviposited during the first oviposition cycle. Furthermore, around 10% of eggs from both mated and unmated females remained unfertilized. The first instar nymphs began emerging approximately seven days following oviposition. To track their development, we monitored the newly hatched nymphs daily until they reached adulthood. There were five nymphal stages, which cumulatively took roughly 28 to 30 days. Notably, mating positively influenced the survivorship and lifespan of adult O. hyalinipennis. Mated males and females exhibited median lifespans of 28 and 25 days, respectively. In contrast, unmated males and females only lived for a median lifespan of 9.5 days, about one-third that of the mated O. hyalinipennis. Our study provides key insights into the O. hyalinipennis life history for new IPM strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Saveer
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (J.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Jing Hu
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (J.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Jaime Strickland
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (J.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Robert Krueger
- National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus & Date, USDA-ARS, Riverside, CA 92507, USA;
| | - Shannon Clafford
- Orange County Agricultural Commissioner’s Office, Orange, CA 92865, USA;
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (J.H.); (J.S.)
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Papach A, Beaurepaire A, Yañez O, Huwiler M, Williams GR, Neumann P. Multiple mating by both sexes in an invasive insect species, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:517-529. [PMID: 36097706 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple mating by both sexes is common among sexually reproducing animals. Small hive beetles (SHB), Aethina tumida, are parasites of bee nests endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and have become a widespread invasive species. Despite the considerable economic damages they can cause, their basic biology remains poorly understood. Here we show that male and female small hive beetles can mate multiple times, suggesting that costs for mating are low in this species. In an invasive A. tumida population in the United States, a combination of laboratory experiments for males and paternity analysis with eight polymorphic DNA microsatellite markers for field-caught females were used to estimate the number of mating by both sexes. The data show that females and males can mate multiple times-females mated with up to eight males, whereas males mated with at least seven females. The results also showed that A. tumida displayed a skewed paternity, although this was not consistent among the tested females. Thus, first or last male advantage seem to be unlikely in A. tumida. Our observations that individuals of both sexes of A. tumida can mate multiple times opens new research avenues for examining drivers of multiple mating and determining the role it may play in promoting biological invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Papach
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexis Beaurepaire
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Orlando Yañez
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Meret Huwiler
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Geoffrey R Williams
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Peter Neumann
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland
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4
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Sexual selection in females and the evolution of polyandry. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3001916. [PMID: 36626380 PMCID: PMC9831318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, the field of sexual selection underwent a paradigm shift from sexual-stereotype thinking of "eager" males and "coy" females towards a more nuanced perspective acknowledging that not only males but also females can benefit from multiple mating and compete for mating partners. Yet, sexual selection in females is still considered a peculiarity, and the evolution of polyandry is often viewed to result from a higher mating interest of males. Here, we present meta-analytic evidence from 77 species across a broad range of animal taxa to demonstrate that female reproductive success is overall positively correlated with mating success, suggesting that females typically benefit from multiple mating. Importantly, we found that these fitness gains likely promote the evolution of polyandry. Our findings offer support for the idea that sexual selection is widespread in females and to play a key role for the evolution of animal mating systems. Thereby, our results extend our understanding of the evolutionary consequences of sexual reproduction and contribute to a more balanced view of how sexual selection operates in males and females.
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Liu Y, Francis RA, Wooster MJ, Grosvenor MJ, Yan S, Roberts G. Systematic Mapping and Review of Landscape Fire Smoke (LFS) Exposure Impacts on Insects. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:871-884. [PMID: 36130330 PMCID: PMC9585373 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Landscape fire activity is changing in many regions because of climate change. Smoke emissions from landscape fires contain many harmful air pollutants, and beyond the potential hazard posed to human health, these also have ecological impacts. Insects play essential roles in most ecosystems worldwide, and some work suggests they may also be sensitive to smoke exposure. There is therefore a need for a comprehensive review of smoke impacts on insects. We systematically reviewed the scientific literature from 1930 to 2022 to synthesize the current state of knowledge of the impacts of smoke exposure from landscape fires on the development, behavior, and mortality of insects. We found: (1) 42 relevant studies that met our criteria, with 29% focused on the United States of America and 19% on Canada; (2) of these, 40 insect species were discussed, all of which were sensitive to smoke pollution; (3) most of the existing research focuses on how insect behavior responds to landscape fire smoke (LFS); (4) species react differently to smoke exposure, with for example some species being attracted to the smoke (e.g., some beetles) while others are repelled (e.g., some bees). This review consolidates the current state of knowledge on how smoke impacts insects and highlights areas that may need further investigation. This is particularly relevant since smoke impacts on insect communities will likely worsen in some areas due to increasing levels of biomass burning resulting from the joint pressures of climate change, land use change, and more intense land management involving fire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Department of Geography, King’s College London, Bush House, 40 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment and Society, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Robert A Francis
- Department of Geography, King’s College London, Bush House, 40 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
| | - Martin J Wooster
- Department of Geography, King’s College London, Bush House, 40 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment and Society, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- NERC National Centre for Earth Observation, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Mark J Grosvenor
- Department of Geography, King’s College London, Bush House, 40 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment and Society, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- NERC National Centre for Earth Observation, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Su Yan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial CollegeLondon, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Gareth Roberts
- Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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6
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Fisher AM, Knell RJ, Price TAR, Bonsall MB. The impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the epidemiology of male‐killing bacteria. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Fisher
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary Univ. of London London UK
| | - Robert J. Knell
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary Univ. of London London UK
| | - Tom A. R. Price
- Dept of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Univ. of Liverpool Liverpool UK
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7
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Pimid M, Krishnan KT, Ahmad AH, Mohd Naim D, Chambers GK, Mohd Nor SA, Ab Majid AH. Parentage Assignment Using Microsatellites Reveals Multiple Mating in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): Implications for Mating Dynamics. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:1525-1533. [PMID: 35733165 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of the dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya viruses. Evidence shows that Ae. aegypti males are polyandrous whereas Ae. aegypti females are monandrous in mating. However, the degree to which Ae. aegypti males and females can mate with different partners has not been rigorously tested. Therefore, this study examined the rates of polyandry via parentage assignment in three sets of competitive mating experiments using wild-type male and female Ae. aegypti. Parentage assignment was monitored using nine microsatellite DNA markers. All Ae. aegypti offspring were successfully assigned to parents with 80% or 95% confidence using CERVUS software. The results showed that both male and female Ae. aegypti mated with up to 3-4 different partners. Adults contributed differentially to the emergent offspring, with reproductive outputs ranging from 1 to 25 viable progeny. This study demonstrates a new perspective on the capabilities of male and female Ae. aegypti in mating. These findings are significant because successful deployment of reproductive control methods using genetic modification or sterile Ae. aegypti must consider the following criteria regarding their mating fitness: 1) choosing Ae. aegypti males that can mate with many different females; 2) testing how transformed Ae. aegypti male perform with polyandrous females; and 3) prioritizing the selection of polyandrous males and/or females Ae. aegypti that have the most offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Pimid
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Kelantan, Malaysia
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kumara Thevan Krishnan
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abu Hassan Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Darlina Mohd Naim
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Geoffrey K Chambers
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, 6140 Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Siti Azizah Mohd Nor
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid
- Household & Structural Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
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8
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Holditch ZG, Ochoa KN, Greene S, Allred S, Baranowski J, Shuster SM. Sperm Limitation Produces Male Biased Offspring Sex Ratios in the Wasp, Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:17. [PMID: 35763315 PMCID: PMC9239221 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Haplo-diploid sex determination in the parasitoid wasp, Nasonia vitripennis (Walker), allows females to adjust their brood sex ratios. Females influence whether ova are fertilized, producing diploid females, or remain unfertilized, producing haploid males. Females appear to adjust their brood sex ratios to minimize 'local mate competition,' i.e., competition among sons for mates. Because mating occurs between siblings, females may optimize mating opportunities for their offspring by producing only enough sons to inseminate daughters when ovipositing alone, and producing more sons when superparasitism is likely. Although widely accepted, this hypothesis makes no assumptions about gamete limitation in either sex. Because sperm are used to produce daughters, repeated oviposition could reduce sperm supplies, causing females to produce more sons. In contrast, if egg-limited females produce smaller broods, they might use fewer sperm, making sperm limitation less likely. To investigate whether repeated oviposition and female fertility influence gamete limitation within females, we created two treatments of six mated female wasps, which each received a series of six hosts at intervals of 24 or 48 h. All females produced at least one mixed-sex brood (63 total broods; 3,696 offspring). As expected, if females became sperm-limited, in both treatments, brood sex ratios became increasingly male-biased with increasing host number. Interhost interval did not affect brood size, total offspring number, or sex ratio, indicating females did not become egg limited. Our results support earlier studies showing sperm depletion affects sex allocation in N. vitripennis¸ and could limit adaptive sex ratio manipulation in these parasitoid wasps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z G Holditch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - K N Ochoa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - S Greene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - S Allred
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - J Baranowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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9
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Lu Q, Lv J, Wang E, Xu X. Impact of starvation on paternal reproductive investment in Neoseiulus californicus. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2022; 87:1-18. [PMID: 35653071 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neoseiulus californicus is an important biological control agent of small arthropod pests, widely used in preventive releases at low prey densities. Therefore, it is important to study reproductive investment of this species, both females and males, under environmental pressure of limited prey availability. Laboratory experiments were performed to investigate N. californicus male reproductive investment after short-time fasting or long-term starvation. When fasted for 36 h, males are still able to complete a single mating with no significant change in reproductive parameters of its mate. But the total mating duration became 24% longer, especially timing for the male to fill the first spermatheca of its mate increased by 35%. If daily food availability was less than 20% of demand, males were still able to mate until the end of life, but their fertility reduced after ca. the seventh mating. Mating of some males at the end of their lives are invalid, with their mates failing to oviposit. Overall, we summarized that reproductive investment demand for a single mating was low in N. californicus males, but its priority in energy allocation was high. When starved, males tried to guarantee their mating capability, but their fertility decreased gradually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Lu
- Lab of Predatory Mites, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiale Lv
- Lab of Predatory Mites, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Endong Wang
- Lab of Predatory Mites, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xuenong Xu
- Lab of Predatory Mites, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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10
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Ramadan MM, Wang X. Male Impact on Female Reproductive Performance of the Larval Tephritid Parasitoid Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:1117-1127. [PMID: 33900398 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a larval parasitoid that has been mass-reared for augmentative biological control against the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii and other regions. To improve performance of female wasps in biological control programs, we conducted a series of experiments to investigate male wasp reproductive performance and its role in female reproductive success. The results showed that D. tryoni males remained close to the emergence (release) site following release. Males emerged earlier than females and male's capacity to inseminate females reached the highest level (inseminated 9.2 ± 0.4 females/day) on the second day after eclosion in synchronization with female emergence peak; allowing males encountering most receptive females to enhance their mating success. Mating rates under normal rearing conditions (200 pairs per cage) reached optimum 100% insemination after 5 d. However, oviposition experience prior to mating impaired female's receptivity as a percentage of inseminated females reduced to 17.5 ± 4.8%, while 70.0 ± 4.1% females without prior oviposition experience accepted mating. Mating reduced male's survivorship and the potential lifetime fecundity of females, although multiple mating increased percentage of female offspring. Overall, influence of male density on the female oviposition rate and offspring sex ratio was not detected under captive rearing conditions. These results suggest that local and early mating is important for male's reproductive success and females must be allowed to mate before they are exposed to hosts or released in the field to achieve their full reproductive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen M Ramadan
- State of Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Xingeng Wang
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, Newark, DE, USA
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11
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Zytynska SE, Tighiouart K, Frago E. Benefits and costs of hosting facultative symbionts in plant-sucking insects: A meta-analysis. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:2483-2494. [PMID: 33756029 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Many animals have evolved associations with symbiotic microbes that benefit the host through increased growth, lifespan, and survival. Some interactions are obligate (essential for survival) while others are facultative (usually beneficial but not essential). Not all individuals host all facultative symbionts in a population, and thus there is probably a trade-off between the cost of hosting these symbionts and the benefits they confer to the host. Plant-sucking insects have been one of the most important models to test these costs and benefits experimentally. This research is now moving beyond the description of symbiont effects towards understanding the mechanisms of action, and their role in the wider ecological community. We present a quantitative and systematic analysis of the published evidence exploring this question. We found that whitefly and true bugs experience benefits through increased growth and fecundity, whereas aphids experience costs to their fecundity but benefits through increased resistance to natural enemies. We also report the lack of data in some plant-sucking groups, and explore variation in effect strengths and directions across aphid host, symbiont and plant species thus highlighting the importance of considering the context dependency of these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Zytynska
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Enric Frago
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT - Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France.,CIRAD, CBGP, Montpellier, France.,CBGP, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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12
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Jigisha, Iglesias-Carrasco M, Vincent A, Head ML. Disentangling the costs of mating and harassment across different environments. Anim Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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14
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De Simone GA, Pompilio L, Manrique G. Females of a blood‐sucking bug may adjust their mating decisions according to the risk of ovipositing infertile eggs. Ethology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A. De Simone
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Laboratorio de Fisiología de Insectos IBBEA, CONICET‐UBA Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Lorena Pompilio
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Laboratorio de Ecología y Comportamiento Animal IEGEBA, CONICET‐UBA Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gabriel Manrique
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Laboratorio de Fisiología de Insectos IBBEA, CONICET‐UBA Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
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15
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Comparison of the effects of multiple variables on the levels of infection of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, in its intermediate host, the confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum. J Helminthol 2020; 94:e116. [PMID: 31931903 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x19001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, with its intermediate beetle host, Tribolium confusum, is a well-studied model system. However, there is so much variation in the methods and designs of the studies that it is difficult to draw comparisons. This study simultaneously compared several aspects of the infection protocol including beetle age, sex, density and mating status; parasite egg condition, infection environment humidity and the times for the three steps of infection: starvation, feeding and post-feeding development. Although statistically limited by low prevalence and intensity levels, we were able to detect the relative effects of the variables. The effects of these variables on prevalence (percent infection) and intensity (mean number of cysticercoids) do not necessarily correlate with each other. Egg condition, reduced starvation times, higher beetle density and longer development times reduced prevalence. However, differences in intensity were only detected with older beetles. When coupled with survivorship data, our study found that our current infection protocol is optimal for infection success. However, the results suggest extending the study to other intermediate hosts and the inclusion of additional variables.
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16
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Chang MM, Shah S, Wu MY, Zhang SS, Wu G, Yang FL. Effect of Diallyl Trisulfide on the Reproductive Behavior of the Grain Moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). INSECTS 2019; 11:insects11010021. [PMID: 31881775 PMCID: PMC7023102 DOI: 10.3390/insects11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier, 1789) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is primarily a pest of stored products, that feeds inside the grain as larvae inducing significant economic loss in various stored commodities. Our previous studies proved that garlic essential oil and its active substances inhibit oviposition in moths. To further explore the effect on reproductive behavior and accurately interpret the results in terms of effective control of the moth population, moths were treated with diallyl trisulfide (DATS), an active substance of garlic essential oil, at a dose of 0.015 µL/L in air (LC20, sub-lethal concentration). The results showed that fecundity and the proportion of viable eggs significantly decreased when the moths were treated with LC20 DATS. Furthermore, female circadian mating rhythms and calling periodicity changed significantly after treatment. Compared with controls, the peak in mating occurred approximately 1 h earlier on the first day after DATS treatment, while it was significantly later on days 2 and 3. Moreover, mating frequency declined in presence of DATS compared with the controls. The percentage of females engaging in calling behavior decreased significantly with time, to less than 50%, 2 days after treatment, while a high calling percentage (>80%) was recorded for control moths on all 4 days. In addition, DATS had an inhibitory effect on the mating duration of S. cerealella. Moreover, a significant reduction was observed in the amount of sex pheromones extracted 8 h and 9 h after treatment. Our findings suggested that DATS has the potential to manipulate the moth population at LC20 and would be an efficient alternative to synthetic insecticides for the control of pests having low toxicity to non-target organisms and ecosystems.
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17
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Zhao L, Qiu Y, Shi X, Wang W, Liu S. Female Mating Frequency and Reproductive Fitness in the Willow Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:14. [PMID: 31782963 PMCID: PMC6884329 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple mating in females is common in nature but may involve fitness costs. Adult females and males of the beetle Plagiodera versicolora Laicharting can mate multiple times. We studied the effect of mating frequency and mating pattern (time interval between matings) on female reproductive fitness by measuring fecundity, hatching probability, and female longevity. Fecundity and longevity were similar in single- and double-mated (two matings separated by a 7 d interval) females. However, two and three successive matings and three matings separated by two 7 d interval had a significant negative effect on the lifetime fecundity and longevity of females. Multiple mating had a positive effect on egg hatching, and two matings sufficed to fertilize the full egg load. These results indicate that the two matings separated by a 7 d interval are optimum for reproductive fitness in female P. versicolora. Suboptimal mating frequency (successive mating or an excessive number of matings) exacts a physiological cost that shortens the female life span and reduces fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvquan Zhao
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ying Qiu
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaodi Shi
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shouzhu Liu
- School of Agriculture, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
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18
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Edde PA. Biology, Ecology, and Control of Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae): A Review. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:1011-1031. [PMID: 30698784 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne(F.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), is an important pest in the food and tobacco industry in many regions of the world. Despite a great deal of research, control of this pest still relies on the use of phosphine fumigation, which is becoming less effective as the insect develops resistance to this compound. In addition, series of other nonchemical methods used to control the insect have given mixed and irregular results. This review summarizes and discusses information on important aspects of the biology and ecology of the cigarette beetle, and its control. The topics covered include a taxonomic discussion of the cigarette beetle, which includes a discussion of other anobiid species of economic importance. The mating behavior of the insect and conditions favorable for pest development were described. The review also includes a discussion of the life stages of the insect, its feeding habit, and economic damage. Important aspects of its chemical ecology and a discussion on the association between this species and its microorganisms, and major natural enemies, were presented. A summary of its flight behavior, including the factors governing flight initiation and temporal and seasonal flight activity were reviewed. Finally, the control methods currently used in the management of the insect were described. The review also identifies potential areas of further research on L. serricorne and gives an analysis of the control methods worthy of further investigation in the search for practical and sustainable methods for the management of this pest.
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19
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Boulton RA, Cook N, Greenway EV(G, Glaser GL, Green J, Shuker DM. Local mate competition modifies the costs of mating in a mostly monandrous parasitoid wasp. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ary181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Boulton
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Nicola Cook
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | | | | | - Jade Green
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - David M Shuker
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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20
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Johnson SL, Zellhuber-McMillan S, Gillum J, Dunleavy J, Evans JP, Nakagawa S, Gemmell NJ. Evidence that fertility trades off with early offspring fitness as males age. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2017.2174. [PMID: 29367392 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Models of ageing predict that sperm function and fertility should decline with age as sperm are exposed to free radical damage and mutation accumulation. However, theory also suggests that mating with older males should be beneficial for females because survival to old age is a demonstration of a male's high genetic and/or phenotypic quality. Consequently, declines in sperm fitness may be offset by indirect fitness benefits exhibited in offspring. While numerous studies have investigated age-based declines in male fertility, none has taken the integrated approach of studying age-based effects on both male fertility and offspring fitness. Here, using a cohort-based longitudinal study of zebrafish (Danio rerio), we report a decline in male mating success and fertility with male age but also compensating indirect benefits. Using in vitro fertilization, we show that offspring from older males exhibit superior early survival compared to those from their youngest counterparts. These findings suggest that the high offspring fitness observed for the subset of males that survive to an old age (approx. 51% in this study) may represent compensating benefits for declining fertility with age, thus challenging widely held views about the fitness costs of mating with older males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri L Johnson
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand .,Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,Allan Wilson Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | | | - Joanne Gillum
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jessica Dunleavy
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan P Evans
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Neil J Gemmell
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,Allan Wilson Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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21
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Hare RM, Simmons LW. Sexual selection and its evolutionary consequences in female animals. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 94:929-956. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin M. Hare
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, 6009 Australia
| | - Leigh W. Simmons
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, 6009 Australia
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22
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Wu Q, Wen L, Chen J, Li D, Jiao X. Experimental evidence for the genetic benefits of female mate choice in the monandrous wolf spider Pardosa astrigera. Anim Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Santostefano F, Galarza JA, Mappes J. Testing the direct and genetic benefit hypotheses of polyandry in the wood tiger moth. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Benefit of polyandry in a highly monandrous species when females mate with already mated males. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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26
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Boulton RA, Cook N, Green J, (Ginny) Greenway EV, Shuker DM. Sperm blocking is not a male adaptation to sperm competition in a parasitoid wasp. Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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27
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Parry NJ, Pieterse E, Weldon CW. Longevity, Fertility and Fecundity of Adult Blow Flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Held at Varying Densities: Implications for Use in Bioconversion of Waste. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:2388-2396. [PMID: 29040631 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Large numbers of flies are needed to produce the quantity of larvae required for insect bioconversion of waste. However, this 'mass-rearing' may negatively affect adult survival and reproductive output. This study assessed the suitability for mass-rearing of four blow fly species, Chrysomya chloropyga, Chrysomya chloropyga (Wiedemann), Chrysomya megacephala (F.), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann) and Lucilia sericata (Meigen). Flies were kept at densities of 20, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 flies per 30 × 30 × 30 cm cage with an even sex ratio. Time to 50% mortality (LT50) was recorded, and the effects of density, species, and sex on LT50, fecundity, and fertility were determined. Females survived longer than males across all species. There was evidence for a trade-off between survival and high fecundity in L. sericata and C. chloropyga at density 250. C. megacephala had low fecundity across all densities. At high densities, C. putoria had the lowest mortality and highest fecundity, making it the most suitable for mass-rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elsje Pieterse
- Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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28
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Meade L, Harley E, Cotton A, Howie JM, Pomiankowski A, Fowler K. Variation in the benefits of multiple mating on female fertility in wild stalk-eyed flies. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:10103-10115. [PMID: 29238540 PMCID: PMC5723596 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyandry, female mating with multiple males, is widespread across many taxa and almost ubiquitous in insects. This conflicts with the traditional idea that females are constrained by their comparatively large investment in each offspring, and so should only need to mate once or a few times. Females may need to mate multiply to gain sufficient sperm supplies to maintain their fertility, especially in species in which male promiscuity results in division of their ejaculate among many females. Here, we take a novel approach, utilizing wild-caught individuals to explore how natural variation among females and males influences fertility gains for females. We studied this in the Malaysian stalk-eyed fly species Teleopsis dalmanni. After an additional mating, females benefit from greatly increased fertility (proportion fertile eggs). Gains from multiple mating are not uniform across females; they are greatest when females have high fecundity or low fertility. Fertility gains also vary spatially, as we find an additional strong effect of the stream from which females were collected. Responses were unaffected by male mating history (males kept with females or in male-only groups). Recent male mating may be of lesser importance because males in many species, including T. dalmanni, partition their ejaculate to maintain their fertility over many matings. This study highlights the importance of complementing laboratory studies with data on wild-caught populations, where there is considerable heterogeneity between individuals. Future research should focus on environmental, demographic and genetic factors that are likely to significantly influence variation in individual female fecundity and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Meade
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Elisabeth Harley
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Alison Cotton
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- CoMPLEXUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Bristol Zoological SocietyBristol Zoo GardensCliftonBristolUK
| | - James M. Howie
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Andrew Pomiankowski
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- CoMPLEXUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Kevin Fowler
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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29
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Dushimirimana S, Damien D, Hance T. Polyandry as a Signal of Phase Shift in Female Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria. FUTURE FOODS 2017. [DOI: 10.5772/67938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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30
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Lodi M, Meijer FW, Koene JM. Ejaculates are not used as nuptial gifts in simultaneously hermaphroditic snails. ZOOLOGY 2017; 123:30-36. [PMID: 28712675 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Promoted by sexual selection, males usually adopt different ways to increase their fertilization chances. In many insect taxa males donate nuptial gifts, together with sperm, which represent a valuable additional nutrient source that females can use to provision eggs. This has also been suggested to occur in simultaneous hermaphrodites, organisms with both sex functions. In theory, donation of nuptial gifts or extra nutrients might work in hermaphrodites that mate unilaterally (one-way donation of ejaculates), but will not be effective when these organisms mate reciprocally (mutual exchange of ejaculates), since on average each partner would receive the amount it also transfers. Hence, for the latter the net amount gained would be zero, and when considering the non-trivial costs of metabolic conversion the energy balance of this exchange ends up negative. To test this prediction, we measured the material (dry weight) and resource (carbon and nitrogen content) investment into ejaculates of the unilaterally mating freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis and spermatophores of the reciprocally mating land snail Cornu aspersum. When compared to eggs, our measurements indicate that the investment is low for ejaculates and spermatophores, neither of which represent a significant contribution to egg production. Importantly, during reciprocal matings, couples exchanged similar amounts of material and resources, thus a gain of extra substances seems irrelevant. Hence, caution is needed when generalizing functions of male reproductive strategies across mating systems. Although digestion of ejaculates does not provide extra material and resources in simultaneous hermaphrodites, their absorption could still be important to eliminate an excess of received sperm and to select sperm via cryptic female choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Lodi
- Section of Animal Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Fedde W Meijer
- Section of Animal Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris M Koene
- Section of Animal Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
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31
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Lewis JA, Pitcher TE. Tactic-specific benefits of polyandry in Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 90:1244-1256. [PMID: 27873318 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether polyandrous female Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha obtain benefits compared with monandrous females through an increase in hatching success. Both of the alternative reproductive tactics present in male O. tshawytscha (large hooknoses and small, precocious jacks) were used, such that eggs were either fertilized by a single male (from each tactic) or multiple males (using two males from the same or different tactics). The results show that fertilized eggs from the polyandrous treatments had a significantly higher hatching success than those from the monandrous treatments. It is also shown that sperm speed was positively related with offspring hatching success. Finally, there were tactic-specific effects on the benefits females received. The inclusion of jacks in any cross resulted in offspring with higher hatching success, with the cross that involved a male from each tactic providing offspring with the highest hatching success than any other cross. This study has important implications for the evolution of multiple mating and why it is so prevalent across taxa, while also providing knowledge on the evolution of mating systems, specifically those with alternative reproductive tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lewis
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - T E Pitcher
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
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32
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Schausberger P, Patiño-Ruiz JD, Osakabe M, Murata Y, Sugimoto N, Uesugi R, Walzer A. Ultimate Drivers and Proximate Correlates of Polyandry in Predatory Mites. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154355. [PMID: 27100395 PMCID: PMC4839743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyandry is more widespread than anticipated from Bateman’s principle but its ultimate (evolutionary) causes and proximate (mechanistic) correlates are more difficult to pinpoint than those of polygyny. Here, we combined mating experiments, quantification of reproductive traits and microsatellite genotyping to determine the fitness implications of polyandry in two predatory mite species, where males are highly polygynous (up to 45 fertilized females during life), whereas females range from monandry to various polyandry levels. The medium-level polyandrous (up to eight male mates possible) Neoseiulus californicus received clear direct and indirect benefits: multiply mated females produced more offspring with higher survival chances over longer times than singly mated females. In contrast, singly and multiply mated females of the low-level polyandrous (commonly two male mates at maximum) Phytoseiulus persimilis produced similar numbers of offspring having similar survival chances. In both species, multiple mating resulted in mixed offspring paternities, opening the chance for indirect fitness benefits such as enhanced genetic compatibility, complementarity and/or variability. However, the female re-mating likelihood and the paternity chance of non-first male mates were lower in P. persimilis than in N. californicus. Regarding proximate factors, in both species first mating duration and female re-mating likelihood were negatively correlated. Based on occasional fertilization failure of first male mates in P. persimilis, and mixed offspring paternities in both species, we argue that fertilization assurance and the chance to gain indirect fitness benefits are the ultimate drivers of polyandry in P. persimilis, whereas those of N. californicus are higher offspring numbers coupled with enhanced offspring viability and possibly other indirect fitness benefits. Overall, the adaptive significance and proximate events well reflected the polyandry levels. Our study provides a key example for linking behavioral experiments, quantification of reproductive traits and paternity analysis via offspring genotyping to explain the evolution of differing levels of polyandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schausberger
- Group of Arthropod Ecology and Behavior, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - J. David Patiño-Ruiz
- Group of Arthropod Ecology and Behavior, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Masahiro Osakabe
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Murata
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Sugimoto
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuji Uesugi
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Andreas Walzer
- Group of Arthropod Ecology and Behavior, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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33
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Abstract
Females of many species adjust their diet to support the energetic requirements of egg production. New research shows how, in flies, females remodel their gut and modify gut physiology too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Shingleton
- Department of Biology, Lake Forest College, 555 N Sheridan Rd, Lake Forest, IL 60045, USA.
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34
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Worthington AM, Kelly CD. Direct costs and benefits of multiple mating: Are high female mating rates due to ejaculate replenishment? Behav Processes 2016; 124:115-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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35
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Yasui Y, Garcia-Gonzalez F. Bet-hedging as a mechanism for the evolution of polyandry, revisited. Evolution 2016; 70:385-97. [PMID: 26748458 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Females that mate with multiple males (polyandry) may reduce the risk that their eggs are fertilized by a single unsuitable male. About 25 years ago it was hypothesized that bet-hedging could function as a mechanism favoring the evolution of polyandry, but this idea is controversial because theory indicates that bet-hedging via polyandry can compensate the costs of mating only in small populations. Nevertheless, populations are often spatially structured, and even in the absence of spatial structure, mate-choice opportunity can be limited to a few potential partners. We examined the effectiveness of bet-hedging in such situations with simulations carried out under two scenarios: (1) intrinsic male quality, with offspring survival determined by male phenotype (male's ability to generate viable offspring), and (2) genetic incompatibility (offspring fitness determined nonadditively by parental genotypes). We find higher fixation probabilities for a polyandrous strategy compared to a monandrous strategy if complete reproductive failure due to male effects or parental incompatibility is pervasive in the population. Our results also indicate that bet-hedging polyandry can delay the extinction of small demes. Our results underscore the potential for bet-hedging to provide benefits to polyandrous females and have valuable implications for conservation biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Yasui
- Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan. ,
| | - Francisco Garcia-Gonzalez
- Doñana Biological Station, Spanish Research Council CSIC, C/ Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092, Isla de la Cartuja, Seville, Spain.,Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
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36
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Egan AL, Hook KA, Reeve HK, Iyengar VK. Polyandrous females provide sons with more competitive sperm: Support for the sexy-sperm hypothesis in the rattlebox moth (Utetheisa ornatrix). Evolution 2015; 70:72-81. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Egan
- Department of Biology; Villanova University; Villanova Pennsylvania 19085
| | - Kristin A. Hook
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; Cornell University; Ithaca Pennsylvania 14853
| | - H. Kern Reeve
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; Cornell University; Ithaca Pennsylvania 14853
| | - Vikram K. Iyengar
- Department of Biology; Villanova University; Villanova Pennsylvania 19085
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Pincheira-Donoso D, Hunt J. Fecundity selection theory: concepts and evidence. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 92:341-356. [PMID: 26526765 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fitness results from an optimal balance between survival, mating success and fecundity. The interactions between these three components of fitness vary depending on the selective context, from positive covariation between them, to antagonistic pleiotropic relationships when fitness increases in one reduce the fitness of others. Therefore, elucidating the routes through which selection shapes life history and phenotypic adaptations via these fitness components is of primary significance to understanding ecological and evolutionary dynamics. However, while the fitness components mediated by natural (survival) and sexual (mating success) selection have been debated extensively from most possible perspectives, fecundity selection remains considerably less studied. Here, we review the theoretical basis, evidence and implications of fecundity selection as a driver of sex-specific adaptive evolution. Based on accumulating literature on the life-history, phenotypic and ecological aspects of fecundity, we (i) suggest a re-arrangement of the concepts of fecundity, whereby we coin the term 'transient fecundity' to refer to brood size per reproductive episode, while 'annual' and 'lifetime fecundity' should not be used interchangeably with 'transient fecundity' as they represent different life-history parameters; (ii) provide a generalized re-definition of the concept of fecundity selection as a mechanism that encompasses any traits that influence fecundity in any direction (from high to low) and in either sex; (iii) review the (macro)ecological basis of fecundity selection (e.g. ecological pressures that influence predictable spatial variation in fecundity); (iv) suggest that most ecological theories of fecundity selection should be tested in organisms other than birds; (v) argue that the longstanding fecundity selection hypothesis of female-biased sexual size dimorphism (SSD) has gained inconsistent support, that strong fecundity selection does not necessarily drive female-biased SSD, and that this form of SSD can be driven by other selective pressures; and (vi) discuss cases in which fecundity selection operates on males. This conceptual analysis of the theory of fecundity selection promises to help illuminate one of the central components of fitness and its contribution to adaptive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pincheira-Donoso
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology of Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Campus, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, LN6 7DL, U.K
| | - John Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, U.K
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Mestre L, Rodríguez-Teijeiro JD, Tuni C. Females of the Cellar Spider Discriminate Against Previous Mates. Ethology 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Mestre
- Department of Animal Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Cristina Tuni
- Department Biology II; Ludwig Maximilians University Munich; Planegg-Martinsried Germany
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Yamane T, Goenaga J, Rönn JL, Arnqvist G. Male seminal fluid substances affect sperm competition success and female reproductive behavior in a seed beetle. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123770. [PMID: 25893888 PMCID: PMC4404252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Male seminal fluid proteins are known to affect female reproductive behavior and physiology by reducing mating receptivity and by increasing egg production rates. Such substances are also though to increase the competitive fertilization success of males, but the empirical foundation for this tenet is restricted. Here, we examined the effects of injections of size-fractioned protein extracts from male reproductive organs on both male competitive fertilization success (i.e., P2 in double mating experiments) and female reproduction in the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. We found that extracts of male seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts increased competitive fertilization success when males mated with females 1 day after the females’ initial mating, while extracts from accessory glands and testes increased competitive fertilization success when males mated with females 2 days after the females’ initial mating. Moreover, different size fractions of seminal fluid proteins had distinct and partly antagonistic effects on male competitive fertilization success. Collectively, our experiments show that several different seminal fluid proteins, deriving from different parts in the male reproductive tract and of different molecular weight, affect male competitive fertilization success in C. maculatus. Our results highlight the diverse effects of seminal fluid proteins and show that the function of such proteins can be contingent upon female mating status. We also document effects of different size fractions on female mating receptivity and egg laying rates, which can serve as a basis for future efforts to identify the molecular identity of seminal fluid proteins and their function in this model species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julieta Goenaga
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Göran Arnqvist
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Innocenti P, Flis I, Morrow EH. Female responses to experimental removal of sexual selection components in Drosophila melanogaster. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:239. [PMID: 25406540 PMCID: PMC4243381 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-014-0239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the common assumption that multiple mating should in general be favored in males, but not in females, to date there is no consensus on the general impact of multiple mating on female fitness. Notably, very little is known about the genetic and physiological features underlying the female response to sexual selection pressures. By combining an experimental evolution approach with genomic techniques, we investigated the effects of single and multiple matings on female fecundity and gene expression. We experimentally manipulated the opportunity for mating in replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster by removing components of sexual selection, with the aim of testing differences in short term post-mating effects of females evolved under different mating strategies. RESULTS We show that monogamous females suffer decreased fecundity, a decrease that was partially recovered by experimentally reversing the selection pressure back to the ancestral state. The post-mating gene expression profiles of monogamous females differ significantly from promiscuous females, involving 9% of the genes tested (approximately 6% of total genes in D. melanogaster). These transcripts are active in several tissues, mainly ovaries, neural tissues and midgut, and are involved in metabolic processes, reproduction and signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate how the female post-mating response can evolve under different mating systems, and provide novel insights into the genes targeted by sexual selection in females, by identifying a list of candidate genes responsible for the decrease in female fecundity in the absence of promiscuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Innocenti
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ilona Flis
- Ecology, Behaviour and Environment Group, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
| | - Edward H Morrow
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Ecology, Behaviour and Environment Group, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
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Fan H, Wang Y, Li J, Zhang G. Exposure to males reduces the benefit gained from multiple mating in female Galerucella birmanica Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Yamane T. Genetic variation in the effect of monoamines on female mating receptivity and oviposition in the adzuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:172. [PMID: 25098756 PMCID: PMC4360256 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-014-0172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Female mate choice after mating is a strong force in sexual selection and could lead to coevolution of mating traits between the sexes. How females of different genotypes respond to substances in the male ejaculate should be mediated by females’ mate choices. Monoamines regulate animal physiology and behavior, including the post-mating behavior of females of the adzuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). This study examined differences in females’ response to four monoamines (dopamine, octopamine, tyramine, serotonin) between strains from different populations of C. chinensis. Results Injection with either octopamine or tyramine, two kinds of monoamines significantly reduced female receptivity in two strains with low remating frequencies. None of the four monoamines reduced female receptivity in one strain with high remating frequencies. However, all monoamines reduced it in another strain with high remating frequencies. Oviposition was activated by tyramine on days 1–5 or by serotonin on days 4 and 5 in the two strains with low remating frequencies, but only on day 1 or day 4 in the strains with high remating frequencies. Conclusion These differences in female response to monoamines, especially tyramine and serotonin, correspond with results of previous studies. They indicate differences in female response to male substances that reduce receptivity and activate oviposition. These findings suggest relationships between the differences in female response to male substances among populations and mutations in the pathways of monoamine biosynthesis or transmission, which in turn determine female mate choice in response to male substances.
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Franz NM. Mating behaviour of Staminodeus vectoris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and the value of systematics in behavioural studies. J NAT HIST 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00222930210130348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico M. Franz
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria ‘Rodrigo Facio’, Costa Rica
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Michalska K. Repeated visitations of spermatophores and polyandry in females of eriophyoid mites. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2014; 62:463-476. [PMID: 24233158 PMCID: PMC3933757 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-013-9756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Eriophyoid females store sperm either asymmetrically in one spermatheca, or symmetrically in both spermathecae. Previous studies have suggested that species in which females store sperm asymmetrically pick up sperm from only one spermatophore, while those with symmetrical sperm storage pick up sperm from two or more spermatophores during their lifetime. The aim of this study was to examine spermatophore visitation behaviour and symmetry of sperm storage in Aculops allotrichus from the black locust tree and Cecidophyopsis hendersoni from the yucca. This would indicate monandry or polyandry in these species. In both eriophyoids, the spermatophore visitation consisted of three phases: mounting, lying on the spermatophore and dismounting. Aculops allotrichus stored sperm asymmetrically. However, nearly one-third of the observed females visited two spermatophores, rather than only one in their lives. When A. allotrichus females visited two spermatophores they spent a similar amount of time at the first and at the second visitation. Also, the times of visitation of the first of the two spermatophores and the single spermatophore in a female lifetime did not differ significantly. This would suggest that apart from monandry, double insemination also occurs in this species. By contrast, C. hendersoni females were polyandrous. They stored sperm symmetrically and visited several spermatophores, on average 1.54 (max 6) per day, and up to 33 spermatophores in their lives. The benefits of repeated spermatophore visitation and the possible mechanisms of sperm storage in both species are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Michalska
- Department of Applied Entomology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursnowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Lührs ML, Kappeler PM. Polyandrous mating in treetops: how male competition and female choice interact to determine an unusual carnivore mating system. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Post-mating interactions and their effects on fitness of female and male Echinothrips americanus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a new insect pest in China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87725. [PMID: 24489956 PMCID: PMC3906220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-mating, sexual interactions of opposite sexes differ considerably in different organisms. Post-mating interactions such as re-mating behavior and male harassment can affect the fitness of both sexes. Echinothrips americanus is a new insect pest in Mainland China, and little is known about its post-mating interactions. In this study, we observed re-mating frequency and male harassment frequency and their effects on fitness parameters and offspring sex ratios of E. americanus females. Furthermore, we tested the impact of mating and post-mating interactions on fitness parameters of males. Our results revealed that the re-mating frequency in female adults was extremely low during a 30-day period. However, post-mating interactions between females and males, consisting mainly of male harassment and female resistance, did occur and significantly reduced female longevity and fecundity. Interestingly, increased access to males did not affect the ratio of female offspring. For males, mating dramatically reduced their longevity. However, post-mating interactions with females had no effects on the longevity of mated males. These results enrich our basic knowledge about female and male mating and post-mating behaviors in this species and provide important information about factors that may influence population regulation of this important pest species.
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Polyandry and paternity in a wild population of the swordtail Xiphophorus nigrensis. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-013-1655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Michaud JP, Bista M, Mishra G. Sexual activity diminishes male virility in two Coccinella species: consequences for female fertility and progeny development. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2013; 103:570-577. [PMID: 23590838 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485313000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Male contributions, both chemical and behavioural, can influence female sperm usage and reproductive success. To determine whether such male factors are subject to depletion in Coccinella septempunctata and Coccinella transversalis, we tested the effects of male mating history on male virility, as estimated by measures of mating behaviour, female reproductive success and progeny fitness, with parental age held constant. Overt measures of male mating effort (wriggling duration, number of shaking bouts and total copula duration) all diminished from virgin to 5×mated males and were mirrored by concurrent declines in female fecundity and fertility(measured over 20 days). Paternal effects were also observed which diminished as a function of mating history, suggesting that transgenerational signals of male origin are also subject to depletion. Progeny of virgin fathers had higher rates of survival(C. transversalis) and faster development (both species) than progeny of 5×mated fathers. Seminal fluid proteins are known to have allohormonal properties and can stimulate female fecundity and fertility in a number of insects, making them strong candidates for depletion as a function of mating activity. However, it is also possible that sperm limitation and/or reduced tactile stimulation of females by multiple-mated males may have contributed to some of the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Michaud
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Station-Hays, Hays, KS, USA.
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Hoogland JL. Why do female prairie dogs copulate with more than one male?—Insights from long-term research. J Mammal 2013. [DOI: 10.1644/12-mamm-a-291.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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50
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Johnson SL, Brockmann HJ. Parental effects on early development: testing for indirect benefits of polyandry. Behav Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/art056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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