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de Toledo MB, Baulch HM. A landscape limnology approach to assessing controls on soluble reactive phosphorus in sediment porewater and internal loading risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176012. [PMID: 39236817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Sediment nutrients can be mobilized to overlying water via internal loading, which can be important to aquatic productivity. Using data from 143 Canadian lakes, we show high (~2400-fold) variation of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations in surficial sediment porewater, with results suggesting internal phosphorus loading (IPL) is also likely to vary widely. Consistent with past work at smaller scales, we show that lake depth, pH, trophic status, and bulk sediment Al:P and Fe:P influence porewater SRP, and IPL. Median porewater SRP concentration in lakes with high Al:P (molar ratios >10) were 4.8-fold smaller than in lakes with lower Al:P. In lakes where bulk sedimentary Fe:P molar ratios were >10 porewater SRP was 3.9-fold lower than in lakes with lower Fe:P. High pH (>7.8), along with hyper-eutrophic lakes were associated with higher porewater SRP. Finally, shallow lakes (<4 m depth) had median porewater SRP concentration 6-fold higher than deep lakes (>9 m depth). Important regional differences emerged, linked to regional variation in pH, soils, lake depth and trophic status, and paralleling areas of poor water quality. For example, median porewater SRP in lakes from the Boreal Plains and Prairies ecozones (dominated by Chernozems/Mollisols) was 64-fold and 44-fold higher than in the Boreal Shield (dominated by Podzols/Spodosols) (respectively), although we note that IPL risk is likely important across many ecozones. Using national data, we found in-lake measurements (particularly pH, and salinity) showed strong capacity in predicting porewater SRP (explaining 60-72 % of the variance in the data). Importantly, watershed predictors showed good predictive power, explaining ~50 % of variance in porewater SRP using variables including soil types, and % agriculture. Porewater SRP can be predicted with reasonable accuracy using easily measured variables, as can estimates of internal phosphorus loading, suggesting that landscape limnology holds strong potential in helping to inform lake management by informing understanding of in-lake nutrient sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro B de Toledo
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, 11 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada.
| | - Helen M Baulch
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, 11 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada.
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2
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Li M, Wang B, Li Y, Li D, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Chen Q, Huang W, Zhu Y, Zeng J, Zhou F, Jin H, Xu J, Chen J. Influence of suspended particulate matters on P dynamics and eutrophication in the highly turbid estuary: A case study in Hangzhou Bay, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 207:116793. [PMID: 39153430 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential biogenic element in ecosystems; but excessive or insufficient P in coastal waters caused by human activities has led to serious ecological issues. However, the understanding of the dynamic processes of different P forms in high turbidity estuaries/bays, as well as their impact on eutrophication and coastal algal blooms, is still relatively limited. To address this issue, we analyzed P dynamics and their impact on eutrophication in Hangzhou Bay (HZB), which is typical of eutrophic and turbid bay worldwide. The concentration of particulate P (PTP) was 3-5 times higher than that of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP). Seasonal sediment resuspension led to the accumulation of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and PTP with regional variation, both maintaining DIP concentrations above 1 μmol/L within the bay. Furthermore, 3000 tons of bioavailable P were retained in the fine-grained SPM, with the potential for outward transport, fueling subsequent harmful algal blooms. A comparative analysis of global coastal waters highlighted that different turbidity levels significantly affect P cycling. Therefore, understanding the relationship between SPM and P in highly turbid waters is crucial for effective management of eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Li
- Marine Chemistry and Environment, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Key laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan, China; College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yangjie Li
- Key laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Dewang Li
- Key laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Observation and Research Station of Yangtze River Delta Marine Ecosystems, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhoushan 316000, China; Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yixing Zhang
- Key laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Qianna Chen
- Key laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Marine Chemistry and Environment, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Key laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yuanli Zhu
- Key laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jiangning Zeng
- Marine Chemistry and Environment, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Key laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Nearshore Engineering Environment and Ecological Security of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; Observation and Research Station of Yangtze River Delta Marine Ecosystems, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Haiyan Jin
- Marine Chemistry and Environment, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Key laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan, China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Regional Oceans & Department of Ocean Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jianfang Chen
- Marine Chemistry and Environment, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Key laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Rybak M, Rosińska J, Wejnerowski Ł, Rodrigo MA, Joniak T. Submerged macrophyte self-recovery potential behind restoration treatments: sources of failure. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1421448. [PMID: 39081521 PMCID: PMC11286398 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1421448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
When exploring the challenges of restoring degraded lakes, we often do not observe the expected results despite executing all planned activities. Our study elucidates the reasons that impede the recovery of submerged macrophytes despite ameliorated light conditions. When prolonged lake degradation occurs, subsequent efforts to increase light availability often prove insufficient, resulting in a persistent turbid water state. In this study, we attempted to determine the reasons for these failures through a germination test and propagule bank analysis conducted in bottom sediments from a severely degraded lake, which underwent restoration. Although the bottom sediments indicate relative potential in the number of oospores and seeds, their germination efficacy remained dismally low. Based on the germination test results and factors affecting the development of submerged macrophytes (physical and chemical parameters, lake morphology), we stated that improvement of light conditions in the lake could be insufficient to recover the vegetation, especially when the potential to renew diverse plant communities from sediments naturally is low. Our findings advocate for a paradigmatic shift in lake restoration strategies. A holistic approach that includes propagule bank assessments before embarking on restoration initiatives and enabling the identification of macrophyte resurgence potentials is recommended. We also advocate for a multifaceted restoration framework, emphasizing the indispensability of augmenting natural recovery mechanisms with targeted interventions. Consequently, in some cases, macrophyte reintroduction could be the only solution. By reintroducing autochthonic species to site-specific ecological dynamics, we anticipate an increased success rate in restituting submerged vegetation, thus catalyzing ecological regeneration within degraded lake ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Rybak
- Department of Water Protection, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Rosińska
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Wejnerowski
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria A. Rodrigo
- Integrative Ecology Group, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of València, Paterna, Spain
| | - Tomasz Joniak
- Department of Water Protection, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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4
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Liu S, Ju P, Song Y, Zheng Z, Sun M, Hao J, Xu L. Reconstructing a 300-year history of phosphorus cycle in west Chaohu Lake, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174647. [PMID: 38986699 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities could significantly increase nutrients loading, especially phosphorus (P), into aquatic systems, leading to eutrophication and disturbance of ecosystems. Detailed investigation of P cycling and its controlling factors in modern lakes could help understand mechanisms behind eutrophication, thus provide suggestions for future environmental management. Here, we investigate evolution history of P and iron (Fe) cycling over the last ∼300 years in west Chaohu Lake, a typical eutrophic lake in East China. The combination of 210Pb-137Cs dating and elemental analysis demonstrates drastic escalation of P input and organic carbon burial since 1960s, coincided with the rapid growth of human population near this region. P phase partitioning data indicate that Fe-bound P (PFe) is the predominant P pool of sediments in Chaohu Lake, which also regulates the evolving trend of reactive P (Preac). Moreover, the highest fraction of PFe is consistent with observations via P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (P XANES). In addition, Fe speciation results show a principal contribution of Fe (hydr)oxides (Feox) and negligible presence of pyrite, suggesting a generally oxygenated depositional environment, where P could be preferentially sequestrated in sediments in association with Fe oxide minerals. Relatively high molar organic carbon/organic P (Corg/Porg) but low Corg/Preac ratios also support limited recycling of Preac in west Chaohu Lake. This study reveals that human activities play an important role in leading to the eutrophication of Chaohu Lake. Future environmental management could utilize the coupling of P and Fe oxides to remove P from water column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Pengcheng Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environment, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shannxi, China
| | - Yafang Song
- Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Zhangqin Zheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Jihua Hao
- Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China; Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Liqiang Xu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China.
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5
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Kolath T, Jensen HS, Egemose S, Reitzel K. Do new lakes behave like natural lakes regarding sediment composition and phosphorus fluxes? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174195. [PMID: 38964409 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Numerous new lakes have been established during the last few decades. Lakes established on former agricultural soils often have high legacy phosphorus (P)-content, which constitutes a risk for potential internal P-loading after the lake is formed. In this study, we compared the P release and sediment P-pools from 31 new lakes and 31 natural lakes, to assess their similarities and differences. A suite of other sediment characteristics was identified and compared for both natural and new lakes; catchment characteristics of the new lakes also were analyzed. P release from the sediment of new lakes was significantly lower than from natural lakes (13.2 mg P m-2 d-1) compared to new lakes (6.9 mg P m-2 d-1). The P release was found to be low when molar Fe:P ratios were above 10. A significant correlation was found between the content of mobile-P (loosely adsorbed P, iron-bound P, and leachable organic P) and TP in the sediment, irrespective of lake type. The composition of the mobile P-pool also differed, with the new non-excavated lakes showing a higher proportion of RP-BD; both new lake types had significantly (p = 0.021) lower proportions of nrP, compared to natural lakes in the uppermost 10 cm sediment. In addition, variance in P release and mobile-P content of new lakes could be explained in terms of the land use of the catchments. Most sediment characteristics of new lakes established without topsoil excavation reached the average levels of natural Danish lakes with respect to density, organic content and P content within 20-30 years, while excavated lakes showed no such tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor Kolath
- Formerly at Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Henning S Jensen
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Sara Egemose
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Kasper Reitzel
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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6
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Moyle M, Boyle J, Bennion H, Chiverrell R. TP or Not TP? Successful Comparison of Two Independent Methods Validates Total Phosphorus Inference for Long-Term Eutrophication Studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7425-7432. [PMID: 38639036 PMCID: PMC11064217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Validating paleo total phosphorus (TP) inference methods over long time scales is essential for understanding historic changes in lake P supply and the processes leading up to the present-day global lake eutrophication crisis. Monitored lake water TP time series have enabled us to identify the drivers of eutrophication over recent decades. However, over longer time scales, the lack of reliable TP inference means our understanding of drivers is speculative. Validation of lake water TP reconstruction, therefore, remains the "ultimate aim" of eutrophication studies. Here, we present the first critical comparison of two fully independent paleo TP inference approaches: the well-established diatom method (DI-TP) and a recently developed sediment geochemical method (SI-TP). Using lake sediment records from a small eutrophic U.K. lake (Crose Mere), we find a statistically significant agreement between the two inferred TP records with greater than 60% shared variance. Both records show identical timings, with a 19th century acceleration in TP concentration and subsequent declines following a peak in 1930. This significant agreement establishes the validity of long-term paleo TP inference for the first time. With this, we can now test assumptions and paradigms that underpin understanding of catchment P sources and pathways over longer time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Moyle
- Department
of Geography and Planning, University of
Liverpool, 74 Bedford St South, Liverpool L69 7ZT, United Kingdom
| | - John Boyle
- Department
of Geography and Planning, University of
Liverpool, 74 Bedford St South, Liverpool L69 7ZT, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Bennion
- Department
of Geography, University College London, North-West Wing, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Chiverrell
- Department
of Geography and Planning, University of
Liverpool, 74 Bedford St South, Liverpool L69 7ZT, United Kingdom
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7
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Wei H, Pan D, Liang Y, Fan X, Gai G. New insights into estimation of bioavailable inorganic phosphorus in natural coastal seawater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169751. [PMID: 38176548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Considering the impact of the high salinity and high turbidity of coastal seawater on phosphorus forms, a new method was proposed to determine bioavailable inorganic phosphorus (BIP). The phosphorus most relevant to eutrophication is BIP, and traditional analysis methods may underestimate the degree of eutrophication. In this study, a microelectrode of multigold (AuμE) was fabricated for direct voltammetric determination of BIP without filtration, and BIP environmental characteristics including distribution and correlation relationships with environmental factors in typical coastal seawater of Northern China were analyzed. The proposed AuμE showed a low detection limit of 0.03 μM. The surface and bottom BIP concentrations ranged from 1.00 to 2.13 and from 0.88 to 2.05 μM, respectively. BIP dominated the total P (TP) accounting for 48.5-67.5 % in the surface layer samples, and 32.6-92.7 % in the bottom layer samples, respectively. The concentrations of BIP were obviously higher than those of DIP, indicating that DIP may underestimate the probability of eutrophication occurring. And BIP was positively correlated with dissolved oxygen (DO) (P < 0.05). BIP may be a promising indicator of eutrophication potential in coastal areas with high salinity and high turbidity. The proposed reliable voltammetry method provides a new indicator for environmental assessment and represents a significant step in the comprehensive analysis of P species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Dawei Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Yan Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xia Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Guowei Gai
- Shandong Saline-Alkali Land Modern Agriculture Company, Dongying 257347, PR China
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Lou B, Xu X, Sun Z, Zhuo H, Yuan L, Zhou Z. Research on partition of phosphorus in the Three Gorges Reservoir on the Yangtze River. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168442. [PMID: 38000744 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Partition of phosphorus (P) plays an essential role in its ecological effect in surface waters. Yet limited river sampling hinders our understanding for it. P partition between suspended sediments (SS) and aqueous phase in the mainstem of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) on the Yangtze River were studied based on data during 2004-2019. The results reveal that the percentage of DP (dissolved phosphorus) in TP (total phosphorus) (i.e, λ (DP/TP)) decreased remarkably with increasing concentrations of SS, and the empirical equation by nonlinear fitting is λ (DP/TP) = (SS/50 + 80)/(SS + 98) (SS: mg/L, Model I). When SS increased from several mg/L to 180 mg/L, λ (DP/TP) decreased sharply from averagely 0.80 to 0.25. In the range of SS﹥ ~ 400 mg/L, λ (DP/TP) tended to be relatively steady remaining between 0.05 and 0.20 with an average of 0.12. The partition coefficient (Kp) of P between SS and aqueous phase was found to decrease with rising SS and Ce (aqueous concentration of P, i.e., DP).The empirical equation based on SS is Kp (L/g) = 1000 × (49 × SS + 900)/(SS2 + 4000 × SS) (SS: mg/L, Model II). When SS increased from <3 mg/L to ~50 mg/L, Kp decreased rapidly from averagely 88 to 23 L/g, and when SS exceeded 50 mg/L, the pace of decreasing of Kp slowed down. The equation based on Ce is Kp (L/g) = 45.88-194.44 × Ce (mg/L) (Model III). When Ce increased from 0.025 to 0.25 mg/L, the average Kp decreased from 50 to 7.0 L/g. Compared with the influence of variation in SS and Ce, the influence of temperature change on Kp can be ignored. New models are advantageous over previously reported ones, and they can be used to better predict P partition and determine whether SS is a sink or a source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofeng Lou
- Changjiang Basin Ecology and Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Changjiang Basin Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan 430010, China.
| | - Xiuzhen Xu
- Yangtze River Water Resources Protection Institute, Wuhan 430053, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Changjiang Basin Ecology and Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Changjiang Basin Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Haihua Zhuo
- Changjiang Basin Ecology and Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Changjiang Basin Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Changjiang Basin Ecology and Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Changjiang Basin Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Changjiang Basin Ecology and Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Changjiang Basin Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan 430010, China
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9
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Huang Y, Chen XS, Li F, Hou ZY, Li X, Zeng J, Deng ZM, Zou YA, Xie YH. Concurrent effects of flooding regimes and floodwater quality on sediment properties in a Yangtze River-connected floodplain wetland: Insights from field investigations during 2011-2020. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154225. [PMID: 35247398 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Changes in flood regimes, floodwater quality, and macrophyte types may affect sediment characteristics post-flooding. However, few studies have attempted to unravel their complex influences in floodplain wetlands. From 2011 to 2020, the physical and chemical properties of surface layer sediment pre- and post-flooding was investigated through field surveys in the Dongting Lake wetland. Results indicated that the pre-flooding soil total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) exhibited an increasing trend during 2011-2020. Soil TP increased post-flooding relative to that pre-flooding. The changes in TN, sediment organic matter (SOM), sediment moisture content (SMC), and sediment bulk density (SBD) fluctuated over the years. The best-fitting multi-regression model demonstrated that the changes in sediment variables post-flooding showed a parabolic trajectory along the inundation duration (ID), except for SMC. Changes in soil properties post-flooding were negatively correlated with ID for sediment with a low IDs (<148 days). Meanwhile, changes in soil properties post flooding were positively correlated with ID for sediment with a high IDs (>193 days). Changes in SBD and SOM post-flooding were positively influenced by the TP content in the floodwater. These findings indicate that changes in the flooding regime, and water quality generated by anthropogenic disturbances such as the Three Gorges Dam significantly affect sediment properties, and subsequently influence the ecological functions of the Dongting Lake wetland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zheng-Miao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Ye-Ai Zou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yong-Hong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
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10
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Mancuso C, Jamison M, Zaporski J, Yang Z. Effects of coagulant morphology and chemical properties on soluble reactive phosphate removal in corn ethanol wastewater. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:2589-2597. [PMID: 34250687 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As ethanol production continues to rise around the world, and wastewater discharge requirements for phosphorus become more stringent, it is important that phosphorus removal technologies are evaluated on ethanol wastewater streams. In this study, five coagulating agents with distinct characteristics were evaluated for their soluble reactive phosphate (SRP) removal performance on both a synthetic wastewater sample and a wastewater sample collected from a corn ethanol manufacturer. All coagulants demonstrated a positive correlation between coagulant dose and percent removal of SRP on both samples. Alum and ferric chloride produced the highest SRP removal efficiencies on both the ethanol and synthetic wastewater, indicating that prepolymerized, high-basicity coagulants (e.g., aluminum chlorohydrate, poly-aluminum ferric chloride) are less effective for SRP removal than nonpolymerized coagulants. The background matrix analysis combined with the pH studies revealed that the high alkalinity in the ethanol wastewater has a substantial inhibitory effect on SRP removal capacity that supersedes pH effects. These experimental results suggest that the Al-Al and Al-OH bonds in the heavily hydroxylated and polymerized structure of high-basicity coagulants are very rigid, which could prevent inner-sphere complexation and drive a less effective outer-sphere interaction, thus hindering SRP removal efficiency. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Five different coagulants are evaluated for reactive phosphate removal from wastewater. Alum and ferric chloride show higher removal efficiency than prepolymerized and high-basicity coagulants. Optimal removal pH increases with increasing coagulant basicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandler Mancuso
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Megan Jamison
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Jared Zaporski
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Ziming Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
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11
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Yang L, Zhao H, Zuo Z, Li X, Yu D, Wang Z. Generality and Shifts in Leaf Trait Relationships Between Alpine Aquatic and Terrestrial Herbaceous Plants on the Tibetan Plateau. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.706237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant traits mirror both evolutionary and environmental filtering process with universal trait-trait relationships across plant groups. However, plants also develop unique traits precisely to different habitats, inducing deviations of the trait coupling relations. In this study, we aimed to compare the differences in leaf traits and examine the generality and shifts of trait-trait relationships between alpine aquatic and terrestrial herbaceous plants on the Tibetan Plateau, to explore the precise adaptive strategies of aquatic and terrestrial plants for its habitats. We measured mass-based and area-based leaf N and P concentrations, N:P ratios and specific leaf area (SLA) of aquatic and terrestrial herbaceous plants. Standardized major axis analysis were applied to build the correlations for every trait pairs of each plant group, and then to compare the differences in the trait-trait correlations among different plant groups. Leaf Nmass and Pmass of two groups of aquatic plants (emergent and submerged plants) were higher, but N:P ratios were lower than those of two groups of terrestrial plants (sedges and grasses). Submerged plants had extremely high SLA, while grasses had the lowest SLA. Nmass positively correlated with Pmass in three out of four plant groups. The two terrestrial plant groups had positive Nmass-SLA relationships but these two traits coupled weakly in aquatic plants. Pmass showed positive relationships to SLA in three out of four plant groups. Significant shifts of trait-trait relationships between aquatic and terrestrial plants were observed. In general, aquatic plants, especially submerged plants, are characterized by higher SLA, greater leaf nutrientmass than terrestrial plants, tend to pursue fast-return investment strategies, and represent the acquisitive end of leaf economics spectrum. The deviations of trait-trait relationships between different plant groups reveal the precise adaptions of submerged plants to the unique aquatic habitats.
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12
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Baho DL, Arnott D, Myrstad KD, Schneider SC, Moe TF. Rapid colonization of aquatic communities in an urban stream after daylighting. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Didier L. Baho
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), CIENS Science Park, Gaustadalléen 21 Oslo N‐0349 Norway
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences P.O. Box 7050 Uppsala SE‐750‐07 Sweden
| | - David Arnott
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Nature Conservation Norwegian University of Life Sciences P.O. Box 5003 Ås N‐1430 Norway
| | - Karoline D. Myrstad
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Nature Conservation Norwegian University of Life Sciences P.O. Box 5003 Ås N‐1430 Norway
| | - Susanne C. Schneider
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), CIENS Science Park, Gaustadalléen 21 Oslo N‐0349 Norway
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Nature Conservation Norwegian University of Life Sciences P.O. Box 5003 Ås N‐1430 Norway
| | - Therese F. Moe
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), CIENS Science Park, Gaustadalléen 21 Oslo N‐0349 Norway
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13
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Sandström S, Futter MN, O'Connell DW, Lannergård EE, Rakovic J, Kyllmar K, Gill LW, Djodjic F. Variability in fluvial suspended and streambed sediment phosphorus fractions among small agricultural streams. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2021; 50:612-626. [PMID: 33817794 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is a major source of sediment and particulate phosphorus (P) inputs to freshwaters. Distinguishing between P fractions in sediment can aid in understanding its eutrophication risk. Although streams and rivers are important parts of the P cycle in agricultural catchments, streambed sediment and especially fluvial suspended sediment (FSS) and its P fractions are less studied. To address this knowledge gap, seasonal variations in FSS P fractions and their relation to water quality and streambed sediment were examined in three Swedish agricultural headwater catchments over 2 yr. Sequential fractionation was used to characterize P fractions in both streambed sediment and FSS. All catchments had similar annual P losses (0.4-0.8 kg ha-1 ), suspended solids (124-183 mg L-1 ), and FSS total P concentrations (1.15-1.19 mg g-1 ). However, distribution of P fractions and the dominant P fractions in FSS differed among catchments (p < .05), which was most likely dependent on differences in catchment geology, clay content, external P sources, and flow conditions. The most prominent seasonal pattern in all catchments was found for iron-bound P, with high concentrations during low summer flows and low concentrations during winter high flows. Streambed sediment P fractions were in the same concentration ranges as in FSS, and the distribution of the fractions differed between catchments. This study highlights the need to quantify P fractions, not just total P in FSS, to obtain a more complete understanding of the eutrophication risk posed by agricultural sediment losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sandström
- Dep. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7050, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martyn N Futter
- Dep. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7050, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David W O'Connell
- Dep. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Museum Building, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Emma E Lannergård
- Dep. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7050, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jelena Rakovic
- Dep. of Soil and Environment, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7014, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina Kyllmar
- Dep. of Soil and Environment, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7014, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Laurence W Gill
- Dep. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Museum Building, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Faruk Djodjic
- Dep. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7050, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Goddard R, Gardner MJ, Hutchinson TH, Lunt P, Pearson HBC, Tappin A, Schofield HK, Attfield T, Worsfold P, Comber S. Physico-chemical factors controlling the speciation of phosphorus in English and Welsh rivers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:1688-1697. [PMID: 32657302 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00093k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is a finite resource essential for global food production. However, excessive loss to river systems from diffuse sources (typically agricultural) and point sources (e.g. waste water treatment works and industrial effluent) can lead to negative environmental impacts, including changes to diatom and invertebrate community structure. Current environmental quality standards for phosphorus in the UK have been based on reactive phosphorus, which is poorly defined and comprises an unknown proportion of soluble reactive phosphorus and chemically extractable particulate phosphorus. This research assesses the influencing factors that may control soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations in rivers, including dissolved iron, as well as partitioning processes associated with the presence of total suspended solids, and questions the reliability of the assumptions used when setting environmental quality standards. The extensive phosphorus speciation monitoring carried out across a wide geographic area of England and Wales shows that not all phosphorus as measured by the molybdenum blue method is either soluble or necessarily bioavailable, particularly at concentrations in the range in which the Environmental Quality Standard for 'Good' status (typically less than 100 μg P L-1) has been set. Phosphorus speciation can change due to physico-chemical processes which vary spatially and/or temporally, including precipitation with iron and partitioning with suspended solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert Goddard
- University of Plymouth, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK.
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15
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Yuan LL, Jones JR. Rethinking phosphorus-chlorophyll relationships in lakes. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY 2020; 9999:1-11. [PMID: 32461704 PMCID: PMC7252496 DOI: 10.1002/lno.11422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The empirical relationship between total phosphorus and chlorophyll has guided lake management decisions for decades, but imprecision in this relationship in individual lakes limits the utility of these models. Many environmental factors that potentially affect the total phosphorus-chlorophyll relationship have been studied, but here we hypothesize that imprecision can be reduced by considering differences in the proportions of phosphorus bound to three different "compartments" in the water column: phosphorus bound in phytoplankton, phosphorus bound to suspended sediment that is not associated with phytoplankton, and dissolved phosphorus. We specify a hierarchical Bayesian network model that estimates phosphorus associated with each compartment using field measurements of chlorophyll, total suspended solids, and total phosphorus collected from reservoirs in Missouri, USA. We then demonstrate that accounting for these different compartments yields accurate predictions of total phosphorus in individual lakes. Results from this model also yield insights into the mechanisms by which lake morphometric and watershed characteristics affect observed relationships between total phosphorus and chlorophyll.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lester L. Yuan
- Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave, NW, Mail code 4304T, Washington, DC 20460
| | - John R. Jones
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211
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16
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Thornhill I, Ho JG, Zhang Y, Li H, Ho KC, Miguel-Chinchilla L, Loiselle SA. Prioritising local action for water quality improvement using citizen science; a study across three major metropolitan areas of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 584-585:1268-1281. [PMID: 28190572 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Streams in urban areas are prone to degradation. While urbanization-induced poor water quality is a widely observed and well documented phenomenon, the mechanism to pinpoint local drivers of urban stream degradation, and their relative influence on water quality, is still lacking. Utilizing data from the citizen science project FreshWater Watch, we use a machine learning approach to identify key indicators, potential drivers, and potential controls to water quality across the metropolitan areas of Shanghai, Guangzhou and Hong Kong. Partial dependencies were examined to establish the direction of relationships between predictors and water quality. A random forest classification model indicated that predictors of stream water colour (drivers related to artificial land coverage and agricultural land use coverage) and potential controls related to the presence of bankside vegetation were found to be important in identifying basins with degraded water quality conditions, based on individual measurements of turbidity and nutrient (N-NO3 and P-PO4) concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Thornhill
- Earthwatch Institute (Europe), Mayfield House, 256 Banbury Road, Summertown, Oxford, OX2 7DE, United Kingdom.
| | - Jonathan G Ho
- Earthwatch Institute (Hong Kong), Room 1402 Breakthrough Centre, 191 Woosung Street, Jordan, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Huashou Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kin Chung Ho
- Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Leticia Miguel-Chinchilla
- Earthwatch Institute (Europe), Mayfield House, 256 Banbury Road, Summertown, Oxford, OX2 7DE, United Kingdom
| | - Steven A Loiselle
- Earthwatch Institute (Europe), Mayfield House, 256 Banbury Road, Summertown, Oxford, OX2 7DE, United Kingdom
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17
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Mehring AS, Kuehn KA, Thompson A, Pringle CM, Rosemond AD, First MR, Lowrance RR, Vellidis G. Leaf litter nutrient uptake in an intermittent blackwater river: influence of tree species and associated biotic and abiotic drivers. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin A. Kuehn
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Aaron Thompson
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | | | - Amy D. Rosemond
- Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens GA30602 USA
| | - Matthew R. First
- Department of Geology and Geophysics Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 221 Watson Woods Hole MA 02543 USA
| | - R Richard Lowrance
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Southeast Watershed Research Lab Tifton GA31793 USA
| | - George Vellidis
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
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18
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Zeng X, Rasmussen TC. Multivariate statistical characterization of water quality in Lake Lanier, Georgia, USA. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2005; 34:1980-91. [PMID: 16221817 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2004.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Watershed monitoring programs depend on water quality characterization data collected for many parameters, at many times and places, and with limited resources. Our objective is to present a strategy that reduces the measured parameters, locations, and frequency without compromising the quality of the monitoring program. One year of twice-monthly (growing season) and monthly (dormant season) water quality data collected from 17 lake and 10 tributary sites are used in conjunction with multivariate statistical techniques to improve the utility of collected data by identifying key parameters and monitoring locations. Factor analysis shows that tributary water quality data consists of three components-stormwater runoff, municipal and industrial discharges, and ground water-which can be distinguished using total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, and alkalinity plus soluble reactive P, respectively. Lake water quality characterization is more ambiguous than tributary water quality characterization, but factor analysis indicates that anoxia associated with lake stratification is the largest source of lake water quality variation, followed by nutrient abundance, and finally by biomass abundance. Cluster analysis suggests that tributary and lake monitoring stations can be consolidated. Reducing the number of parameters and stations frees up resources for increased monitoring elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zeng
- Warnell School of Forest Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602-2152, USA
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