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Damiati LA, El Soury M. Bone-nerve crosstalk: a new state for neuralizing bone tissue engineering-A mini review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1386683. [PMID: 38690172 PMCID: PMC11059066 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1386683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuro bone tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that combines both principles of neurobiology and bone tissue engineering to develop innovative strategies for repairing and regenerating injured bone tissues. Despite the fact that regeneration and development are considered two distinct biological processes, yet regeneration can be considered the reactivation of development in later life stages to restore missing tissues. It is noteworthy that the regeneration capabilities are distinct and vary from one organism to another (teleost fishes, hydra, humans), or even in the same organism can vary dependent on the injured tissue itself (Human central nervous system vs. peripheral nervous system). The skeletal tissue is highly innervated, peripheral nervous system plays a role in conveying the signals and connecting the central nervous system with the peripheral organs, moreover it has been shown that they play an important role in tissue regeneration. Their regeneration role is conveyed by the different cells' resident in it and in its endoneurium (fibroblasts, microphages, vasculature associated cells, and Schwann cells) these cells secrete various growth factors (NGF, BDNF, GDNF, NT-3, and bFGF) that contribute to the regenerative phenotype. The peripheral nervous system and central nervous system synchronize together in regulating bone homeostasis and regeneration through neurogenic factors and neural circuits. Receptors of important central nervous system peptides such as Serotonin, Leptin, Semaphorins, and BDNF are expressed in bone tissue playing a role in bone homeostasis, metabolism and regeneration. This review will highlight the crosstalk between peripheral nerves and bone in the developmental stages as well as in regeneration and different neuro-bone tissue engineering strategies for repairing severe bone injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila A. Damiati
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa El Soury
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
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2
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Gu X, Huang C, Wang S, Deng J, Guo S, Sulitan A, Gu W, Lu Q, Yuan S, Yin X. Transcriptomic Analysis of the Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion After Fracture. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1467-1478. [PMID: 37725213 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03637-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
In fractures, pain signals are transmitted from the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) to the brain, and the DRG generates efferent signals to the injured bone to participate in the injury response. However, little is known about how this process occurs. We analyzed DRG transcriptome at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after fracture. We identified the key pathways through KEGG and GO enrichment analysis. We then used IPA analysis to obtain upstream regulators and disease pathways. Finally, we compared the sequencing results with those of nerve injury to identify the unique transcriptome changes in DRG after fracture. We found that the first 14 days after fracture were the main repair response period, the 3rd day was the peak of repair activity, the 14th day was dominated by the stimulus response, and on the 28th day, the repair response had reached a plateau. ECM-receptor interaction, protein digestion and absorption, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were most significantly enriched, which may be involved in repair regeneration, injury response, and pain transmission. Compared with the nerve injury model, DRG after fracture produced specific alterations related to bone repair, and the bone density function was the most widely activated bone-related function. Our results obtained some important genes and pathways in DRG after fracture, and we also summarized the main features of transcriptome function at each time point through functional annotation clustering of GO pathway, which gave us a deeper understanding of the role played by DRG in fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Gu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Jin Deng
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Shuhang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Aihaiti Sulitan
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wanjun Gu
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qingguo Lu
- Trauma Center, Pizhou People's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221300, China
| | - Shaoxun Yuan
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Beijing, 100000, China.
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3
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Liu Q, Yu M, Liao M, Ran Z, Tang X, Hu J, Su B, Fu G, Wu Q. The ratio of alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide to substance P is associated with the transition of bone metabolic states during aging and healing. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:689-702. [PMID: 37857924 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (αCGRP) and substance P (SP) are functionally correlated sensory neuropeptides deeply involved in bone homeostasis. However, they are usually studied individually rather than as an organic whole. To figure out whether they are interdependent, we firstly recorded the real-time αCGRP and SP levels in aging bone and healing fracture, which revealed a moderate to high level of αCGRP coupled with a low αCGRP/SP ratio in an anabolic state, and a high level of αCGRP coupled with a high αCGRP/SP ratio in a catabolic state, suggesting the importance of αCGRP/SP ratio in driving aging and healing scenarios. During facture healing, increase in αCGRP/SP ratio by adding αCGRP led to better callus formation and faster callus remodeling, while simultaneous addition of αCGRP and SP resulted in hypertrophic callus and delayed remodeling. The characteristics in inflammation and osteoclast activation further confirmed the importance of high αCGRP/SP ratio during catabolic bone remodeling. In vitro assays using different mixtures of αCGRP-SP proved that the osteogenic potential of the mixtures depended mostly on αCGRP, while their effects on osteoclasts and neutrophils relied on both peptides. These results demonstrated that αCGRP and SP were spatiotemporally interdependent. The αCGRP/SP ratio may be more important than the dose of a single neuropeptide in managing age-related and trauma-related bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianzi Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China
| | - Minxuan Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China
| | - Menglin Liao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China
| | - Zhiyue Ran
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Qijiang District People's Hospital, Chongqing, 401420, China
| | - Beiju Su
- Chongqing Dazu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402360, China
| | - Gang Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China.
- Department of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China.
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China.
- Department of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China.
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4
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Rajpar I, Tomlinson RE. Function of peripheral nerves in the development and healing of tendon and bone. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 123:48-56. [PMID: 33994302 PMCID: PMC8589913 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although the functions of the peripheral nervous system in whole body homeostasis and sensation have been understood for many years, recent investigation has uncovered new roles for innervation in the musculoskeletal system. This review centers on advances regarding the function of nerves in the development and repair of two connected tissues: tendon and bone. Innervation in healthy tendons is generally confined to the tendon sheaths, and tendon-bone attachment units are typically aneural. In contrast to tendon, bone is an innervated and vascularized structure. Historically, the function of abundant peripheral nerves in bone has been limited to pain and some non-painful sensory perception in disease and injury. Indeed, much of our understanding of peripheral nerves in tendons, bones, and entheses is limited to the source and type of innervation in healthy and injured tissues. However, more recent studies have made important observations regarding the appearance, type, and innervation patterns of nerves during embryonic and postnatal development and in response to injury, which suggest a more expansive role for peripheral nerves in the formation of musculoskeletal tissues. Indeed, tendons and bones develop in a close spatiotemporal relationship in the embryonic mesoderm. Models of limb denervation have shed light on the importance of sensory innervation in bone and to a lesser extent, tendon development, and more recent work has unraveled key nerve signaling pathways. Furthermore, loss of sensory innervation also impairs healing of bone fractures and may contribute to chronic tendinopathy. However, more study is required to translate our knowledge of peripheral nerves to therapeutic strategies to combat bone and tendon diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtesam Rajpar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan E Tomlinson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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5
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Dixit NN, McCormick CM, Cole JH, Saul KR. Influence of Brachial Plexus Birth Injury Location on Glenohumeral Joint Morphology. J Hand Surg Am 2021; 46:512.e1-512.e9. [PMID: 33358583 PMCID: PMC8180483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patient presentation after brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) is influenced by nerve injury location; more contracture and bone deformity occur at the shoulder in postganglionic injuries. Although bone deformity after postganglionic injury is well-characterized, the extent of glenohumeral deformity after preganglionic BPBI is unclear. METHODS Twenty Sprague-Dawley rat pups received preganglionic or postganglionic neurectomy on a single forelimb at postnatal days 3 to 4. Glenohumeral joints on affected and unaffected sides were analyzed using micro-computed tomography scans after death at 8 weeks after birth. Glenoid version, glenoid inclination, glenoid and humeral head radius of curvature, and humeral head thickness and width were measured bilaterally. RESULTS The glenoid was significantly more declined in affected compared with unaffected shoulders after postganglionic (-17.7° ± 16.9°) but not preganglionic injury. Compared with the preganglionic group, the affected shoulder in the postganglionic group exhibited significantly greater declination and increased glenoid radius of curvature. In contrast, the humeral head was only affected after preganglionic but not postganglionic injury, with a significantly smaller humeral head radius of curvature (-0.2 ± 0.2 mm), thickness (-0.2 ± 0.3 mm), and width (-0.3 ± 0.4 mm) on the affected side compared with the unaffected side; changes in these metrics were significantly associated with each other. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that glenoid deformities occur after postganglionic BPBI but not after preganglionic BPBI, whereas the humeral head is smaller after preganglionic injury, possibly suggesting an overall decreased biological growth rate in this group. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study expands understanding of the altered glenoid and humeral head morphologies after preganglionic BPBI and its comparisons with morphologies after postganglionic BPBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolyn M. McCormick
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jacqueline H. Cole
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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6
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Bosscher HA, Grozdanov PN, Warraich II, MacDonald CC, Day MR. The peridural membrane of the spine has characteristics of synovium. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:631-646. [PMID: 32537855 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The peridural membrane (PDM) is a well-defined structure between dura mater and the wall of the spinal canal. The spine may be viewed as a multi-segmented joint, with the epidural cavity and neural foramina as joint spaces and PDM as synovial lining. The objective of this investigation was to determine if PDM has histological characteristics of synovium. Samples of the PDM of the thoraco-lumbar spine were taken from 23 human cadavers and analyzed with conventional light microscopy and confocal microscopy. Results were compared to reports on similar analyses of synovium in the literature. Histological distribution of areolar, fibrous, and adipose connective tissue in PDM was similar to synovium. The PDM has an intima and sub-intima. No basement membrane was identified. CD68, a marker for macrophage-like-synoviocytes, and CD55, a marker for fibroblast-like synoviocytes, were seen in the lining and sub-lining of the PDM. Multifunctional hyaluronan receptor CD44 and hyaluronic acid synthetase 2 marker HAS2 were abundantly present throughout the membrane. Marked presence of CD44, CD55, and HAS2 in the well-developed tunica muscularis of blood vessels and in the body of the PDM suggests a role in the maintenance and lubrication of the epidural cavity and neural foramina. Presence of CD68, CD55, and CD44 suggests a scavenging function and a role in the inflammatory response to noxious stimuli. Thus, the human PDM has histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of synovium. This suggests that the PDM may be important for the homeostasis of the flexible spine and the neural structures it contains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemmo A Bosscher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.,Pain Management Grace Health System, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Petar N Grozdanov
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Image Analysis and Molecular Biology Core Facilities, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Irfan I Warraich
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Clinton C MacDonald
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Miles R Day
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.,Grace Health System, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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7
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Brazill JM, Beeve AT, Craft CS, Ivanusic JJ, Scheller EL. Nerves in Bone: Evolving Concepts in Pain and Anabolism. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1393-1406. [PMID: 31247122 PMCID: PMC6697229 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The innervation of bone has been described for centuries, and our understanding of its function has rapidly evolved over the past several decades to encompass roles of subtype-specific neurons in skeletal homeostasis. Current research has been largely focused on the distribution and function of specific neuronal populations within bone, as well as their cellular and molecular relationships with target cells in the bone microenvironment. This review provides a historical perspective of the field of skeletal neurobiology that highlights the diverse yet interconnected nature of nerves and skeletal health, particularly in the context of bone anabolism and pain. We explore what is known regarding the neuronal subtypes found in the skeleton, their distribution within bone compartments, and their central projection pathways. This neuroskeletal map then serves as a foundation for a comprehensive discussion of the neural control of skeletal development, homeostasis, repair, and bone pain. Active synthesis of this research recently led to the first biotherapeutic success story in the field. Specifically, the ongoing clinical trials of anti-nerve growth factor therapeutics have been optimized to titrated doses that effectively alleviate pain while maintaining bone and joint health. Continued collaborations between neuroscientists and bone biologists are needed to build on this progress, leading to a more complete understanding of neural regulation of the skeleton and development of novel therapeutics. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Brazill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alec T Beeve
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Clarissa S Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason J Ivanusic
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erica L Scheller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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8
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Wang XL, Cui LW, Liu Z, Gao YM, Wang S, Li H, Liu HX, Yu LJ. Effects of TRPA1 activation and inhibition on TRPA1 and CGRP expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:140-148. [PMID: 30531088 PMCID: PMC6262987 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.243719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a key player in pain and neurogenic inflammation, and is localized in nociceptive primary sensory dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. TRPA1 plays a major role in the transmission of nociceptive sensory signals. The generation of neurogenic inflammation appears to involve TRPA1-evoked release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). However, it remains unknown whether TRPA1 or CGRP expression is affected by TRPA1 activation. Thus, in this study, we examined TRPA1 and CGRP expression in DRG neurons in vitro after treatment with the TRPA1 activator formaldehyde or the TRPA1 blocker menthol. In addition, we examined the role of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in this process. DRG neurons in culture were exposed to formaldehyde, menthol, the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 + formaldehyde, or PD98059 + menthol. After treatment, real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot assay and double immunofluorescence labeling were performed to evaluate TRPA1 and CGRP expression in DRG neurons. Formaldehyde elevated mRNA and protein levels of TRPA1 and CGRP, as well as the proportion of TRPA1- and CGRP-positive neurons. In contrast, menthol reduced TRPA1 and CGRP expression. Furthermore, the effects of formaldehyde, but not menthol, on CGRP expression were blocked by pretreatment with PD98059. PD98059 pretreatment did not affect TRPA1 expression in the presence of formaldehyde or menthol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Wei Cui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yue-Ming Gao
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hu-Xiang Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ling-Jia Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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9
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Mantyh PW. Mechanisms that drive bone pain across the lifespan. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 85:1103-1113. [PMID: 30357885 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorders of the skeleton are frequently accompanied by bone pain and a decline in the functional status of the patient. Bone pain occurs following a variety of injuries and diseases including bone fracture, osteoarthritis, low back pain, orthopedic surgery, fibrous dysplasia, rare bone diseases, sickle cell disease and bone cancer. In the past 2 decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the unique population of sensory and sympathetic nerves that innervate bone and the mechanisms that drive bone pain. Following physical injury of bone, mechanotranducers expressed by sensory nerve fibres that innervate bone are activated and sensitized so that even normally non-noxious loading or movement of bone is now being perceived as noxious. Injury of the bone also causes release of factors that; directly excite and sensitize sensory nerve fibres, upregulate proalgesic neurotransmitters, receptors and ion channels expressed by sensory neurons, induce ectopic sprouting of sensory and sympathetic nerve fibres resulting in a hyper-innervation of bone, and central sensitization in the brain that amplifies pain. Many of these mechanisms appear to be involved in driving both nonmalignant and malignant bone pain. Results from human clinical trials suggest that mechanism-based therapies that attenuate one type of bone pain are often effective in attenuating pain in other seemingly unrelated bone diseases. Understanding the specific mechanisms that drive bone pain in different diseases and developing mechanism-based therapies to control this pain has the potential to fundamentally change the quality of life and functional status of patients suffering from bone pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Mantyh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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10
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Chartier SR, Mitchell SAT, Majuta LA, Mantyh PW. The Changing Sensory and Sympathetic Innervation of the Young, Adult and Aging Mouse Femur. Neuroscience 2018; 387:178-190. [PMID: 29432884 PMCID: PMC6086773 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although bone is continually being remodeled and ultimately declines with aging, little is known whether similar changes occur in the sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers that innervate bone. Here, immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy were used to examine changes in the sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers that innervate the young (10 days post-partum), adult (3 months) and aging (24 months) C57Bl/6 mouse femur. In all three ages examined, the periosteum was the most densely innervated bone compartment. With aging, the total number of sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers clearly declines as the cambium layer of the periosteum dramatically thins. Yet even in the aging femur, there remains a dense sensory and sympathetic innervation of the periosteum. In cortical bone, sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers are largely confined to vascularized Haversian canals and while there is no significant decline in the density of sensory fibers, there was a 75% reduction in sympathetic nerve fibers in the aging vs. adult cortical bone. In contrast, in the bone marrow the overall density/unit area of both sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers appeared to remain largely unchanged across the lifespan. The preferential preservation of sensory nerve fibers suggests that even as bone itself undergoes a marked decline with age, the nociceptors that detect injury and signal skeletal pain remain relatively intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane R Chartier
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | | | - Lisa A Majuta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Patrick W Mantyh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States; Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
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11
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Effects of Ultra-early Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Femoral Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Bone Metabolism of Rats With Complete Spinal Transection. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2018; 43:E919-E926. [PMID: 29462059 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Seventy-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham, complete spinal cord transection (CSCT) and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) groups. Among them, rats in HBO group were further divided into 3 hours group (HBO1) and 12 hours group (HBO2). OBJECTIVE To study the effects of ultra-early HBO therapy on femoral calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and bone metabolism of rats with CSCT. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Complete spinal cord injury (SCI) is still an unresolved problem in clinical practice. Studies on changes in (calcitonin gene-related peptide) CGRP and bone metabolism and osteoporosis prevention after SCI have important clinical significance. METHODS Rats in the sham group underwent laminectomy alone, whereas rats in the other three groups underwent laminectomy and CSCT at the level of the 10th thoracic vertebra. Six weeks after operation, rat blood samples and femoral samples from CSCT area were taken and prepared for immunohistochemical staining of CGRP, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of CGRP mRNA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the levels of serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (sBAP), serum osteocalcin (sOC), serum type-I collagen amino-terminal peptide (sNTX), and urinary deoxypyridinoline (uDPD). These data were statistically analyzed using paired LSD or Tamhane. RESULTS The number of CGRP-positive cells and expression of CGRP mRNA in femur were significantly reduced, and the levels of sBAP, sOC, sNTX, and uDPD were significantly increased in CSCT, HBO1, and HBO2 groups than in the sham group, (P < 0.05-0.01). In addition, the number of CGRP-positive cells, expression of CGRP mRNA in femur, and the levels of sBAP and sOC were significantly enhanced, but the levels of sNTX and uDPD were significantly lowered in HBO1 group than in HBO2 and CSCT groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Ultra-early HBO therapy could improve bone turnover, promote bone formation, and prohibit bone resorption by enhancing CGRP synthesis in the sensory neurons in posterior horn of spinal cord. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Abdolrazaghnejad A, Banaie M, Tavakoli N, Safdari M, Rajabpour-Sanati A. Pain Management in the Emergency Department: a Review Article on Options and Methods. ADVANCED JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2018; 2:e45. [PMID: 31172108 PMCID: PMC6548151 DOI: 10.22114/ajem.v0i0.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The aim of this review is to recognizing different methods of analgesia for emergency medicine physicians (EMPs) allows them to have various pain relief methods to reduce pain and to be able to use it according to the patient's condition and to improve the quality of their services. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION In this review article, the search engines and scientific databases of Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane for emergency pain management methods were reviewed. Among the findings, high quality articles were eventually selected from 2000 to 2018, and after reviewing them, we have conducted a comprehensive comparison of the usual methods of pain control in the emergency department (ED). RESULTS For better understanding, the results are reported in to separate subheadings including "Parenteral agents" and "Regional blocks". Non-opioids analgesics such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen are commonly used in the treatment of acute pain. However, the relief of acute moderate to severe pain usually requires opioid agents. Considering the side effects of systemic drugs and the restrictions on the use of analgesics, especially opioids, regional blocks of pain as part of a multimodal analgesic strategy can be helpful. CONCLUSION This study was designed to investigate and identify the disadvantages and advantages of using each drug to be able to make the right choices in different clinical situations for patients while paying attention to the limitations of the use of these analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abdolrazaghnejad
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Banaie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Tavakoli
- Trauma and Injury research center, Iran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Safdari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Khatam-Al-Anbia Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Chartier SR, Mitchell SA, Majuta LA, Mantyh PW. Immunohistochemical localization of nerve growth factor, tropomyosin receptor kinase A, and p75 in the bone and articular cartilage of the mouse femur. Mol Pain 2017; 13:1744806917745465. [PMID: 29166838 PMCID: PMC5724636 DOI: 10.1177/1744806917745465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequestration of nerve growth factor (NGF) significantly attenuates skeletal pain in both animals and humans. However, relatively little is known about the specific cell types that express NGF or its cognate receptors tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) and p75 in the intact bone and articular cartilage. In the present study, antibodies raised against NGF, TrkA, and p75 (also known as CD271) were used to explore the expression of these antigens in the non-decalcified young mouse femur. In general, all three antigens displayed a remarkably restricted expression in bone and cartilage with less than 2% of all DAPI+ cells in the femur displaying expression of any one of the three antigens. Robust NGF immunoreactivity was found in mostly CD-31− blood vessel-associated cells, a small subset of CD-31+ endothelial cells, an unidentified group of cells located at the subchondral bone/articular cartilage interface, and a few isolated, single cells in the bone marrow. In contrast, p75 and TrkA were almost exclusively expressed by nerve fibers located nearby NGF+ blood vessels. The only non-neuronal expression of either p75 or TrkA in the femur was the expression of p75 by a subset of cells located in the deep and middle zone of the articular cartilage. Understanding the factors that tightly regulate the basal level of expression in normal bone and how the expression of NGF, TrkA, and p75 change in injury, disease, and aging may provide insights into novel therapies that can reduce skeletal pain and improve skeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa A Majuta
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Patrick W Mantyh
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,2 Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Spatiotemporal Changes of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Innervation in Spinal Fusion. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5872860. [PMID: 27990431 PMCID: PMC5136639 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5872860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the role calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays in the process of spinal fusion. The aim of the present study is to observe the temporal and spatial changes of CGRP induced by experimental fusion surgery in rats and elucidate the role of CGRP in spinal fusion. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study and the specimens were collected on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day, respectively. Then, histological and immunohistochemical analysis were applied to evaluate the fusion mass and spatiotemporal changes of CGRP chronologically. The results demonstrated that density of CGRP reached peak on the 21st day after surgery and most of the CGRP expression located surrounding the interface of allograft and fibrous tissue where the cells differentiate into osteoblasts, indicating that CGRP might be involved in the process of bone formation and absorption.
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Farman HH, Windahl SH, Westberg L, Isaksson H, Egecioglu E, Schele E, Ryberg H, Jansson JO, Tuukkanen J, Koskela A, Xie SK, Hahner L, Zehr J, Clegg DJ, Lagerquist MK, Ohlsson C. Female Mice Lacking Estrogen Receptor-α in Hypothalamic Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) Neurons Display Enhanced Estrogenic Response on Cortical Bone Mass. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3242-52. [PMID: 27254004 PMCID: PMC4967117 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens are important regulators of bone mass and their effects are mainly mediated via estrogen receptor (ER)α. Central ERα exerts an inhibitory role on bone mass. ERα is highly expressed in the arcuate (ARC) and the ventromedial (VMN) nuclei in the hypothalamus. To test whether ERα in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, located in ARC, is involved in the regulation of bone mass, we used mice lacking ERα expression specifically in POMC neurons (POMC-ERα(-/-)). Female POMC-ERα(-/-) and control mice were ovariectomized (OVX) and treated with vehicle or estradiol (0.5 μg/d) for 6 weeks. As expected, estradiol treatment increased the cortical bone thickness in femur, the cortical bone mechanical strength in tibia and the trabecular bone volume fraction in both femur and vertebrae in OVX control mice. Importantly, the estrogenic responses were substantially increased in OVX POMC-ERα(-/-) mice compared with the estrogenic responses in OVX control mice for cortical bone thickness (+126 ± 34%, P < .01) and mechanical strength (+193 ± 38%, P < .01). To test whether ERα in VMN is involved in the regulation of bone mass, ERα was silenced using an adeno-associated viral vector. Silencing of ERα in hypothalamic VMN resulted in unchanged bone mass. In conclusion, mice lacking ERα in POMC neurons display enhanced estrogenic response on cortical bone mass and mechanical strength. We propose that the balance between inhibitory effects of central ERα activity in hypothalamic POMC neurons in ARC and stimulatory peripheral ERα-mediated effects in bone determines cortical bone mass in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Farman
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (H.H.F., S.H.W., H.R., M.K.L., C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology (L.W., E.E.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering (H.I.), Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics (H.I.), Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology/Endocrinology (E.S., J.O.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.T., A.K.), Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, FI900 14 Oulu, Finland; and Touchstone Diabetes Center (S.K.X., L.H., J.Z., D.J.C.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - S H Windahl
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (H.H.F., S.H.W., H.R., M.K.L., C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology (L.W., E.E.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering (H.I.), Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics (H.I.), Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology/Endocrinology (E.S., J.O.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.T., A.K.), Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, FI900 14 Oulu, Finland; and Touchstone Diabetes Center (S.K.X., L.H., J.Z., D.J.C.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - L Westberg
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (H.H.F., S.H.W., H.R., M.K.L., C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology (L.W., E.E.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering (H.I.), Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics (H.I.), Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology/Endocrinology (E.S., J.O.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.T., A.K.), Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, FI900 14 Oulu, Finland; and Touchstone Diabetes Center (S.K.X., L.H., J.Z., D.J.C.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - H Isaksson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (H.H.F., S.H.W., H.R., M.K.L., C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology (L.W., E.E.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering (H.I.), Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics (H.I.), Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology/Endocrinology (E.S., J.O.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.T., A.K.), Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, FI900 14 Oulu, Finland; and Touchstone Diabetes Center (S.K.X., L.H., J.Z., D.J.C.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - E Egecioglu
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (H.H.F., S.H.W., H.R., M.K.L., C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology (L.W., E.E.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering (H.I.), Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics (H.I.), Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology/Endocrinology (E.S., J.O.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.T., A.K.), Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, FI900 14 Oulu, Finland; and Touchstone Diabetes Center (S.K.X., L.H., J.Z., D.J.C.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - E Schele
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (H.H.F., S.H.W., H.R., M.K.L., C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology (L.W., E.E.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering (H.I.), Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics (H.I.), Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology/Endocrinology (E.S., J.O.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.T., A.K.), Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, FI900 14 Oulu, Finland; and Touchstone Diabetes Center (S.K.X., L.H., J.Z., D.J.C.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - H Ryberg
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (H.H.F., S.H.W., H.R., M.K.L., C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology (L.W., E.E.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering (H.I.), Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics (H.I.), Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology/Endocrinology (E.S., J.O.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.T., A.K.), Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, FI900 14 Oulu, Finland; and Touchstone Diabetes Center (S.K.X., L.H., J.Z., D.J.C.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - J O Jansson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (H.H.F., S.H.W., H.R., M.K.L., C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology (L.W., E.E.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering (H.I.), Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics (H.I.), Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology/Endocrinology (E.S., J.O.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.T., A.K.), Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, FI900 14 Oulu, Finland; and Touchstone Diabetes Center (S.K.X., L.H., J.Z., D.J.C.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - J Tuukkanen
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (H.H.F., S.H.W., H.R., M.K.L., C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology (L.W., E.E.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering (H.I.), Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics (H.I.), Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology/Endocrinology (E.S., J.O.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.T., A.K.), Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, FI900 14 Oulu, Finland; and Touchstone Diabetes Center (S.K.X., L.H., J.Z., D.J.C.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - A Koskela
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (H.H.F., S.H.W., H.R., M.K.L., C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology (L.W., E.E.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering (H.I.), Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics (H.I.), Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology/Endocrinology (E.S., J.O.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.T., A.K.), Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, FI900 14 Oulu, Finland; and Touchstone Diabetes Center (S.K.X., L.H., J.Z., D.J.C.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - S K Xie
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (H.H.F., S.H.W., H.R., M.K.L., C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology (L.W., E.E.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering (H.I.), Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics (H.I.), Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology/Endocrinology (E.S., J.O.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.T., A.K.), Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, FI900 14 Oulu, Finland; and Touchstone Diabetes Center (S.K.X., L.H., J.Z., D.J.C.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - L Hahner
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (H.H.F., S.H.W., H.R., M.K.L., C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology (L.W., E.E.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering (H.I.), Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics (H.I.), Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology/Endocrinology (E.S., J.O.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.T., A.K.), Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, FI900 14 Oulu, Finland; and Touchstone Diabetes Center (S.K.X., L.H., J.Z., D.J.C.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - J Zehr
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (H.H.F., S.H.W., H.R., M.K.L., C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology (L.W., E.E.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering (H.I.), Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics (H.I.), Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology/Endocrinology (E.S., J.O.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.T., A.K.), Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, FI900 14 Oulu, Finland; and Touchstone Diabetes Center (S.K.X., L.H., J.Z., D.J.C.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - D J Clegg
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (H.H.F., S.H.W., H.R., M.K.L., C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology (L.W., E.E.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering (H.I.), Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics (H.I.), Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology/Endocrinology (E.S., J.O.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.T., A.K.), Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, FI900 14 Oulu, Finland; and Touchstone Diabetes Center (S.K.X., L.H., J.Z., D.J.C.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - M K Lagerquist
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (H.H.F., S.H.W., H.R., M.K.L., C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology (L.W., E.E.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering (H.I.), Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics (H.I.), Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology/Endocrinology (E.S., J.O.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.T., A.K.), Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, FI900 14 Oulu, Finland; and Touchstone Diabetes Center (S.K.X., L.H., J.Z., D.J.C.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - C Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (H.H.F., S.H.W., H.R., M.K.L., C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology (L.W., E.E.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering (H.I.), Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics (H.I.), Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE221 85 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology/Endocrinology (E.S., J.O.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry (H.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.T., A.K.), Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, FI900 14 Oulu, Finland; and Touchstone Diabetes Center (S.K.X., L.H., J.Z., D.J.C.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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Bai X, Chen T, Gao Y, Li H, Li Z, Liu Z. The protective effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 on neurochemical phenotypes of dorsal root ganglion neurons with BDE-209-induced neurotoxicity in vitro. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 33:250-264. [PMID: 27090441 DOI: 10.1177/0748233716638004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) exist extensively in the environment as contaminants, in which 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) is the most abundant PBDE found in human samples. BDE-209 has been shown to cause neurotoxicity of primary sensory neurons with few effective therapeutic options available. Here, cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were used to determine the therapeutic effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on BDE-209-induced neurotoxicity. The results showed that IGF-1 promoted neurite outgrowth and cell viability of DRG neurons with BDE-209-induced neurotoxicity. IGF-1 inhibited oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death caused by BDE-209 exposure. IGF-1 could reverse the decrease in growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), but not neurofilament-200 (NF-200), expression resulting from BDE-209 exposure. The effects of IGF-1 could be blocked by the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) inhibitor PD98059 and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002, either alone or in combination. IGF-1 may play an important role in neuroprotective effects on DRG neurons with BDE-209-induced neurotoxicity through inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis and regulating GAP-43 and CGRP expression of DRG neurons. Both ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways were involved in the effects of IGF-1. Thus, IGF-1 might be one of the therapeutic agents on BDE-209-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tianhua Chen
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Gao
- 2 Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hao Li
- 3 Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenzhong Li
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
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Wu Y, Jing D, Ouyang H, Li L, Zhai M, Li Y, Bi L, Guoxian P. Pre-implanted Sensory Nerve Could Enhance the Neurotization in Tissue-Engineered Bone Graft. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 21:2241-9. [PMID: 25996367 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, it was found that implanting the sensory nerve tract into the tissue-engineered bone to repair large bone defects can significantly result in better osteogenesis effect than tissue-engineered bone graft (TEBG) alone. To study the behavior of the preimplanted sensory nerve in the TEBG, the TEBG was constructed by seeding bone mesenchymal stem cells into β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold with (treatment group) or without (blank group) implantation of the sensory nerve. The expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which helps in the healing of bone defect in the treatment group was significantly higher than the blank group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The expression of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), which might be expressed during nerve healing in the treatment group, was significantly higher than the blank group at 4 and 8 weeks. The nerve tracts of the preimplanted sensory nerve were found in the scaffold by the nerve tracing technique. The implanted sensory nerve tracts grew into the pores of scaffolds much earlier than the vascular. The implanted sensory nerve tracts traced by Dil could be observed at 4 weeks, but at the same time, no vascular was observed. In conclusion, the TEBG could be benefited from the preimplanted sensory nerve through the healing behavior of the sensory nerve. The sensory nerve fibers could grow into the pores of the TEBG rapidly, and increase the expression of CGRP, which is helpful in regulating the bone formation and the blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- 1 Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Jing
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- 3 Department of Orthopedics, The Hospital of Liaoyuan Mining Industry (Group)Limited Company , Liaoyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- 1 Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Zhai
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- 1 Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Bi
- 1 Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Guoxian
- 1 Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Chen C, Bai X, Bi Y, Liu G, Li H, Liu Z, Liu H. Insulin-like growth factor-1 attenuates apoptosis and protects neurochemical phenotypes of dorsal root ganglion neurons with paclitaxel-induced neurotoxicity in vitro. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 20:89-102. [PMID: 25136768 DOI: 10.1179/1476830514y.0000000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanwen Bi
- Department of Cardiosurgery, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guixiang Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huaxiang Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Chou YC, Cheng YS, Hsu YH, Yu YH, Liu SJ. Biodegradable nanofiber-membrane for sustainable release of lidocaine at the femoral fracture site as a periosteal block: In vitro and in vivo studies in a rabbit model. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 140:332-341. [PMID: 26774570 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a biodegradable, lidocaine-embedded, nanofibrous membrane for the sustainable analgesic release onto fragments of a segmental femoral fracture site. Membranes of three different lidocaine concentrations (10%, 30%, and 50%) were produced via an electrospinning technique. In vitro lidocaine release was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. A femoral segmental fracture, with intramedullary Kirschner-wire fixation and polycaprolactone stent enveloping the fracture site, was set-up in a rabbit model for in vivo assessment of post-operative recovery of activity. Eighteen rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups (six rabbits per group): group A comprised of rabbits with femoral fractures and underwent fixation; group B comprised of a comparable fracture model to that of group A with the implantation of lidocaine-loaded nanofibers; and group C, the control group, received only anesthesia. The following variables were measured: change in body weight, food and water intake before and after surgery, and total activity count post-surgery. All membranes eluted effective levels of lidocaine for more than 3 weeks post-surgery. Rabbits in group B showed faster recovery of activity post-operatively, compared with those in group A, which confirmed the pain relief efficacy of the lidocaine-embedded nanofibers. Nanofibers with sustainable lidocaine release have adequate efficacy and durability for pain relief in rabbits with segmental long bone fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chao Chou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiun Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Heng Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsun Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jung Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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Neuregulin-1β Regulates the migration of Different Neurochemical Phenotypic Neurons from Organotypically Cultured Dorsal Root Ganglion Explants. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:69-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Zhou FH, Yu Y, Zhou XF, Xian CJ. Methotrexate chemotherapy triggers touch-evoked pain and increased CGRP-positive sensory fibres in the tibial periosteum of young rats. Bone 2015; 73:24-31. [PMID: 25479342 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although bone pain caused by cancer chemotherapy is a well-recognized and significant problem, with approximately 1 in 10 childhood cancer patients being reported to experience isolated bone pain along with other skeletal complications, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood and there is no specific treatment. In this study, effects of methotrexate (MTX) treatment on pain in the hind legs and the extent of sensory innervation of the tibial bone were examined through a 20-day time course in young rats after 5 daily 0.75 mg/kg MTX injections. MTX treatment increased von-Frey filament stimulation-induced mechanical allodynia and palpation nocifensive score in the tibia. MTX-treated rats showed trends in reduced loading (numbers of stands) on hind limbs after palpation, commencing early during treatment and 2 weeks after the end of treatment despite no signs of ongoing pain during normal locomotion. Immunohistochemical analyses showed an increase in innervation of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive sensory nerve fibres in tibial periosteum on days preceding and overlapping with those rats with touch-evoked pain responses and the bone repair phase. These data suggest that methotrexate chemotherapy triggers touch-evoked pain involving enhanced sensory nerve innervation of the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona H Zhou
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Yingnan Yu
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Cory J Xian
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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Hara M, Takahashi H, Yokoyama Y, Wada A, Hasegawa K, Iida Y. Comparison of the invasiveness of conventional discectomy and microendoscopic discectomy for lumbar disc herniation: Differences in the methods of approach. Asian J Endosc Surg 2015; 8:40-7. [PMID: 25365970 DOI: 10.1111/ases.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate whether differences in the methods of approach to the vertebral arch influence the invasiveness of conventional discectomy and microendoscopic discectomy (MED). METHODS In this study, 41 Wistar rats were divided into four groups: controls (no surgery) (n = 10), shams (skin incision only) (n = 11), MED (n = 10), and conventional discectomy (n = 10). We performed ethological and blood biochemical examinations for three of the groups, excluding the control group, and a histological examination for three of the groups, excluding the sham group. In the ethological examination, we measured the threshold of postoperative pain using the von Frey test. In the blood chemical examination, we measured blood creatine phosphokinase and inflammatory cytokines, and compared the severity of tissue damage by histological examination using hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The conventional discectomy group showed a significantly lower threshold of postoperative pain, compared with the MED group (P < 0.05). Blood biochemical investigation revealed that the creatine phosphokinase (P < 0.05) and tumor necrosis factor-α levels (P < 0.05) of the conventional discectomy group were significantly higher than those in the MED group. In the histological examination, it was found that a wide range of paraspinal muscle damage occurred in the conventional discectomy group (P < 0.05) and that the damage was mostly confined to the periosteum and nearby nerve endings. CONCLUSION MED was found to be less invasive than conventional discectomy based on ethological, blood biochemical, and histological examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Hara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Silverman J, Hendricks G. Sensory neuron development in mouse coccygeal vertebrae and its relationship to tail biopsies for genotyping. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88158. [PMID: 24505409 PMCID: PMC3913764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A common method of genotyping mice is via tissue obtained from tail biopsies. However, there is no available information on the temporal development of sensory neurons in the tail and how their presence or absence might affect the age for performing tail biopsies. The goals of this study were to determine if afferent sensory neurons, and in particular nociceptive neurons, are present in the coccygeal vertebrae at or near the time of birth and if not, when they first can be visualized on or in those vertebrae. Using toluidine blue neuronal staining, transmission electron microscopy, and calcitonin-related gene peptide immunostaining, we found proximal to distal maturation of coccygeal nerve growth in the C57BL/6J mouse. Single nerve bundles were first seen on postpartum day (PPD) 0. On PPD 3 presumptive nociceptive sensory nerve fibers were seen entering the vertebral perichondrium. Neural development continued through the last time point (PPD 7) but at no time were neural fibers seen entering the body of the vertebrae. The effect of age on the development of pain perception in the neonatal mouse is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerald Silverman
- Department of Animal Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gregory Hendricks
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Börjesson AE, Lagerquist MK, Windahl SH, Ohlsson C. The role of estrogen receptor α in the regulation of bone and growth plate cartilage. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4023-37. [PMID: 23516016 PMCID: PMC11114058 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens are important endocrine regulators of skeletal growth and maintenance in both females and males. Studies have demonstrated that the estrogen receptor (ER)-α is the main mediator of these estrogenic effects in bone. Therefore, estrogen signaling via ERα is a target both for affecting longitudinal bone growth and bone remodeling. However, treatment with estradiol (E2) leads to an increased risk of side effects such as venous thromboembolism and breast cancer. Thus, an improved understanding of the signaling pathways of ERα will be essential in order to find better bone specific treatments with minimal adverse effects for different estrogen-related bone disorders. This review summarizes the recent data regarding the intracellular signaling mechanisms, in vivo, mediated by the ERα activation functions (AFs), AF-1 and AF-2, and the effect on bone, growth plate and other estrogen responsive tissues. In addition, we review the recent cell-specific ERα-deleted mouse models lacking ERα specifically in neuronal cells or growth plate cartilage. The newly characterized signaling pathways of estrogen, described in this review, provide a better understanding of the ERα signaling pathways, which may facilitate the design of new, bone-specific treatment strategies with minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Börjesson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M. K. Lagerquist
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S. H. Windahl
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C. Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sisask G, Silfverswärd CJ, Bjurholm A, Nilsson O. Ontogeny of sensory and autonomic nerves in the developing mouse skeleton. Auton Neurosci 2013; 177:237-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Different responses of galanin and calcitonin gene-related peptide to capsaicin stimulation on dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 184:68-74. [PMID: 23499803 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Both galanin (Gal) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are sensory neuropeptides which expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and are involved in nociceptive processing. Capsaicin (CAP) influences nociceptive processing via influencing the expression of sensory neuropeptides in primary sensory neurons. However, little is known about the alterations of Gal and CGRP expression at the same condition stimulated by CAP. In the present study, primary cultured DRG neurons were used to determine the different responses of Gal and CGRP to CAP stimulation. DRG neurons were cultured for 48 hours and then exposed to CAP (2 μmol/L), capsazepine (CPZ) (2 μmol/L) plus CAP (2 μmol/L), or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor PD98059 (10 μmol/L) plus CAP (2 μmol/L) for an additional 24hours. The DRG neurons were continuously exposed to culture media as a control. After that, the levels of Gal mRNA and CGRP mRNA of DRG neurons were determined using real time-PCR analysis. Gal and CGRP expression in situ was detected by an immunofluorescent labeling technique. The levels of phosphorylated-ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) protein were detected using a Western blot assay. The results showed that CAP evoked increases of Gal and its mRNA and decreases of CGRP and its mRNA in DRG neurons. Administration of either CPZ or PD98059 blocked the effects of CAP. These data indicate that Gal and CGRP shared different responses to CAP stimulation. Gal and CGRP may have different effects in nociceptive processing during neurogenic inflammation.
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Amadesi S, Reni C, Katare R, Meloni M, Oikawa A, Beltrami AP, Avolio E, Cesselli D, Fortunato O, Spinetti G, Ascione R, Cangiano E, Valgimigli M, Hunt SP, Emanueli C, Madeddu P. Role for substance p-based nociceptive signaling in progenitor cell activation and angiogenesis during ischemia in mice and in human subjects. Circulation 2012; 125:1774-86, S1-19. [PMID: 22392530 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.089763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain triggers a homeostatic alarm reaction to injury. It remains unknown, however, whether nociceptive signaling activated by ischemia is relevant for progenitor cells (PC) release from bone marrow. To this end, we investigated the role of the neuropeptide substance P (SP) and cognate neurokinin 1 (NK1) nociceptor in PC activation and angiogenesis during ischemia in mice and in human subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS The mouse bone marrow contains sensory fibers and PC that express SP. Moreover, SP-induced migration provides enrichment for PC that express NK1 and promote reparative angiogenesis after transplantation in a mouse model of limb ischemia. Acute myocardial infarction and limb ischemia increase SP levels in peripheral blood, decrease SP levels in bone marrow, and stimulate the mobilization of NK1-expressing PC, with these effects being abrogated by systemic administration of the opioid receptor agonist morphine. Moreover, bone marrow reconstitution with NK1-knockout cells results in depressed PC mobilization, delayed blood flow recovery, and reduced neovascularization after ischemia. We next asked whether SP is instrumental to PC mobilization and homing in patients with ischemia. Human PC express NK1, and SP-induced migration provides enrichment for proangiogenic PC. Patients with acute myocardial infarction show high circulating levels of SP and NK1-positive cells that coexpress PC antigens, such as CD34, KDR, and CXCR4. Moreover, NK1-expressing PC are abundant in infarcted hearts but not in hearts that developed an infarct after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight the role of SP in reparative neovascularization. Nociceptive signaling may represent a novel target of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Amadesi
- Laboratories of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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The effects of neuregulin-1β on neuronal phenotypes of primary cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons by activation of PI3K/Akt. Neurosci Lett 2012; 511:52-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
It has generally been assumed that bone mass is controlled by endocrine mechanisms and the local bone environment. Recent findings demonstrate that central pathways are involved in the regulation of bone mass. Estrogen is involved in the regulation of bone homeostasis and the CNS is also a target for estrogen actions. The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo the role of central estrogen receptor-α (ERα) expression for bone mass. Nestin-Cre mice were crossed with ERα(flox) mice to generate mice lacking ERα expression specifically in nervous tissue (nestin-ERα(-/-)). Bone mineral density was increased in both the trabecular and cortical bone compartments in nestin-ERα(-/-) mice compared with controls. Femoral bone strength was increased in nestin-ERα(-/-) mice, as demonstrated by increased stiffness and maximal load of failure. The high bone mass phenotype in nestin-ERα(-/-) mice was mainly caused by increased bone formation. Serum leptin levels were elevated as a result of increased leptin expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) and slightly increased amount of WAT in nestin-ERα(-/-) mice. Leptin receptor mRNA levels were reduced in the hypothalamus but not in bone. In conclusion, inactivation of central ERα signaling results in increased bone mass, demonstrating that the balance between peripheral stimulatory and central inhibitory ERα actions is important for the regulation of bone mass. We propose that the increased bone mass in nestin-ERα(-/-) mice is mediated via decreased central leptin sensitivity and thereby increased secretion of leptin from WAT, which, in turn, results in increased peripheral leptin-induced bone formation.
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Cavazza A, Marini M, Roda LG, Tarantino U, Valenti A. Hydrolysis of Substance P in the Presence of the Osteosarcoma Cell Line SaOS-2: Release of Free Amino Acids. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:2339-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Activation of ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt by IGF-1 on GAP-43 expression in DRG neurons with excitotoxicity induced by glutamate in vitro. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 32:191-200. [PMID: 21822733 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a neurotrophic factor and plays an important role in promoting axonal growth from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Whether IGF-1 influences growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) expression and activates the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways in DRG neurons with excitotoxicity induced by glutamate (Glu) remains unknown. In this study, embryonic 15-day-old rat DRG explants were cultured for 48 h and then exposed to IGF-1, Glu, Glu + IGF-1, Glu + IGF-1 + PD98059, Glu + IGF-1 + LY294002, Glu + IGF-1 + PD98059 + LY294002 for additional 12 h. The DRG explants were continuously exposed to growth media as control. The levels of GAP-43 mRNA were detected by real time-PCR analysis. The protein levels of GAP-43, phosphorylated ERK1/2, phosphorylated Akt, total ERK1/2, and total Akt were detected by Western blot assay. GAP-43 expression in situ was determined by immunofluorescent labeling. Apoptotic cell death was monitored by Hoechst 33342 staining. IGF-1 alone increased GAP-43 and its mRNA levels in the absence of Glu. The decreased GAP-43 and its mRNA levels caused by Glu could be partially reversed by the presence of IGF-1. IGF-1 rescued neuronal cell death caused by Glu. Neither the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 nor the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 blocked the effect of IGF-1, but both inhibitors together were effective. To validate the impact of GAP-43 expression by IGF-1, GAP-43 induction was blocked by administration of dexamethasone (DEX). IGF-1 partially rescued the decrease of GAP-43 and its mRNA levels induced by DEX. DEX induced an increase of cell apoptosis. IGF-1 may play an important role in neuroprotective effects on DRG neurons through regulating GAP-43 expression with excitotoxicity induced by Glu and the process was involved in both ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
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Jiang SD, Yan J, Jiang LS, Dai LY. Down-regulation of the Wnt, estrogen receptor, insulin-like growth factor-I, and bone morphogenetic protein pathways in osteoblasts from rats with chronic spinal cord injury. Joint Bone Spine 2011; 78:488-92. [PMID: 21273111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the anabolic response of osteoblasts to chronic spinal cord injury and to identify potential signaling pathways that are associated with the osteogenic response after spinal cord injury by using in-house microarray analyses in osteoblasts. METHODS Ten young male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into spinal cord injury (SCI) and SHAM groups. The tibiae were assessed for DXA and bone histomorphometry, and osteoblasts from femora were used for microarray analysis. RESULTS SCI rats showed lower BMD and deteriorated microstructure in the proximal tibiae as compared with SHAM rats. The Wnt, BMP/TGF, estrogen receptor (ER), and IGF-I pathways were down-regulated in osteoblasts from spinal cord-injured rats. CONCLUSION Down-regulation of the Wnt, BMP/TGF, ER, and growth hormone/IGF-I pathways is associated with decreased bone formation after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Dan Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hartmann P, Varga R, Zobolyák Z, Héger J, Csősz B, Németh I, Rázga Z, Vízler C, Garab D, Sántha P, Jancsó G, Boros M, Szabó A. Anti-inflammatory effects of limb ischaemic preconditioning are mediated by sensory nerve activation in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2010; 383:179-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Willcockson HH, Chen Y, Han JE, Valtschanoff JG. Effect of genetic deletion of the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 on the expression of Substance P in sensory neurons of mice with adjuvant-induced arthritis. Neuropeptides 2010; 44:293-7. [PMID: 20303589 PMCID: PMC2879442 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide Substance P (SP), expressed by nociceptive sensory afferents in joints, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of arthritis. Capsaicin causes neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) to release SP from their central and peripheral axons, suggesting a functional link between SP and the capsaicin receptor, the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). The expression of both TRPV1 and SP have been reported to increase in several models of arthritis but the specific involvement of TRPV1-expressing articular afferents that can release SP is not completely understood. We here wanted to ascertain whether the increase in the number of SP-positive primary afferents in arthritis may be affected by genetic deletion of TRPV1. For this, we used immunohistochemistry to quantify the expression of SP in primary afferent neurons in wild-type mice (WT) vs. TRPV1-knockout (KO) mice with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA). We found that the expression of SP in DRG (1) increased significantly over naïve level in both WT and KO mice 3 weeks after AIA, (2) was significantly higher in KO mice than in WT mice in naïve mice and 2-3 weeks after AIA, (3) was significantly higher on the side of AIA than on the contralateral, vehicle-injected side at all time points in WT mice, but not in KO mice, and (4) increased predominantly in small-size neurons in KO mice and in small- and medium-size neurons in WT mice. Since the size distribution of SP-positive DRG neurons in arthritic TRPV1-KO mice was not significantly different from that in naïve mice, we speculate that the increased expression of SP is unlikely to reflect recruitment of A-fiber primary afferents and that the higher expression of SP in KO mice may represent a plastic change to compensate for the missing receptor in a major sensory circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H Willcockson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Franquinho F, Liz MA, Nunes AF, Neto E, Lamghari M, Sousa MM. Neuropeptide Y and osteoblast differentiation - the balance between the neuro-osteogenic network and local control. FEBS J 2010; 277:3664-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gajda M, Litwin JA, Zagólski O, Lis GJ, Cichocki T, Timmermans JP, Adriaensen D. Development of galanin-containing nerve fibres in rat tibia. Anat Histol Embryol 2008; 38:112-7. [PMID: 19007357 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2008.00905.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Galanin exerts tonic inhibition of nociceptive input to the central nervous system. Recently, this peptide was demonstrated in several neuronal and non-neuronal structures in bones and joints. In this study, the time of appearance and topographic localization of galanin-containing nerve fibres in bone were studied in rats from gestational day 16 (GD16) to postnatal day 21 (PD21). The tibia was chosen as a model of developing long bone and indirect immunofluorescence combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to identify galanin-immunoreactive (GAL-IR) nerve fibres. The earliest, sparse GAL-IR fibres were observed on GD21 in the perichondrium of both epiphyses and in the periosteum of the diaphysis. From PD1 onwards, GAL-IR fibres were also seen in the bone marrow cavity and in the region of the inter-condylar eminence of the knee joint. Intramedullary GAL-IR fibres in proximal and distal metaphyses appeared around PD1. Some of them accompanied blood vessels, although free fibres were also seen. GAL-IR fibres located in the cartilage canals of both epiphyses were observed from PD7, in the secondary ossification centres from PD10 and in the bone marrow of both epiphyses from PD14. The time course and localization of galanin-containing nerve fibres resemble the development of substance P- and CGRP-expressing nerve fibres, thus suggesting their sensory origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gajda
- Addresses of authors: Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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Liu D, Li H, Zhao CQ, Jiang LS, Dai LY. Changes of substance P-immunoreactive nerve fiber innervation density in the sublesional bones in young growing rats at an early stage after spinal cord injury. Osteoporos Int 2008; 19:559-69. [PMID: 17924052 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-007-0481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes osteoporosis (OP), and the neuropeptide substance P (SP) may play important roles in the pathogenesis of OP after SCI. Our study confirmed SCI-induced sublesional bone loss in young rats at an early stage is associated with a significant increase of SP-immunoreactive nerve fiber innervation density. INTRODUCTION Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes osteoporosis (OP), and neuropeptides may play important roles in the pathogenesis of OP after SCI. However, few data exist concerning the relationship between neural factors and OP following SCI. METHODS One hundred and eight SCI and hindlimb cast immobilization (HCI) rats were studied for skeletal innervation of substance P (SP) and neurofilament 200 (NF200) with immunocytochemistry. Bone and serum SP levels were also assessed using enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Developing bone loss was successfully induced by SCI at 3 wks and by HCI at 6 wks. We observed a significant increase of SP-immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibers and decrease of NF200-IR nerve fibers in the tibiae of SCI rats compared with HCI and control (CON) rats at all time points. SP in the proximal tibiae in SCI rats was significantly higher than that in HCI and CON rats at all time points, but no difference was found in the serum. CONCLUSION SCI-induced sublesional bone loss in young rats at an early stage is associated with a significant increase of nerve fiber innervation density of SP-IR and decrease of NF200-IR. We speculated that neural factors may play an important role in pathogenesis of OP after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Liu D, Jiang LS, Dai LY. Substance P and its receptors in bone metabolism. Neuropeptides 2007; 41:271-83. [PMID: 17655927 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2007.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2006] [Revised: 05/29/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence on bone physiopathology has indicated that the skeleton contains numerous nerve fibers and its metabolism is regulated by the nervous system. Until now, more than 10 neuropeptides have been identified in bone. Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide released from axons of sensory neurons, belongs to the tachykinin family and plays important roles in many physiological and pathological processes by acting as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, or trophic factor. It activates signal transduction cascades by acting on the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK(1)-R). Previous studies have confirmed that the SP-immunoreactive (IR) axons innervate bone and adjacent tissues, and that their density varies depending on the regions and physiological or pathological conditions. Over the past few decades, it has been found that SP takes part in the stimulation of bone resorption, and its receptors have been demonstrated to be located in osteoclasts. Notably, in studies of skeletal ontogeny, SP-IR axons have been shown to appear at an early stage, mostly coinciding with the sequence of long bone mineralization. These findings, together with data obtained from chemically or surgically targeted nerve deletions, strongly suggest that SP is a potent regulator of skeletal physiology. The specific distribution of SP-IR nerve fibers, the different amount of SP within regions, and the various levels of expression of NK(1)-R in targeted cells presumably related to and participate in bone metabolism. It can be predicted that the indirect roles of SP through other cytokines are as important as its direct roles in bone metabolism. This new regulating pathway of bone metabolism would have enormous implications in skeletal physiology and the relevant research might present curative potentials to a spectrum of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Liu
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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Haastert K, Semmler N, Wesemann M, Rücker M, Gellrich NC, Grothe C. Establishment of cocultures of osteoblasts, Schwann cells, and neurons towards a tissue-engineered approach for orofacial reconstruction. Cell Transplant 2007; 15:733-44. [PMID: 17269444 DOI: 10.3727/000000006783981512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In orofacial reconstruction not only the osseous structures themselves but also neighboring cranial nerves need to be regenerated. To replace autologous bone implants, biocompatible tissue-engineered scaffolds are under investigation at least for bone replacement but until now these studies have not focused on parallel reconstruction of injured cranial nerves. The present study contributes to the development of optimized tissue-engineered products that will enable regeneration of both bone and nervous tissue. For the first time, cocultures of primary osteoblasts (rat or human) and primary Schwann cells (rat or human) were established. The suitability of monocultures of osteoblasts and cocultures of osteoblasts plus Schwann cells as substrate for sensory neurons as well as motoneurons was tested here. The results suggest that whereas osteoblasts provide a good substrate for sensory neurons, motoneurons depend on the presence of Schwann cells for survival and neurite outgrowth. For prolonged availability of regeneration-promoting growth factors at the site of the graft, those proteins should be delivered by the transplanted cells themselves. To enable this, we established electroporation-based nonviral transfection of osteoblasts as well as Schwann cells. Our new cell culture system will enable investigations of the effect of graft-derived growth factors on osteoblasts and Schwann cells as well as on neurite outgrowth from cocultured neurons of the sensory and motor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Haastert
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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