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Alfimova MV, Golimbet VE, Korovaitseva GI, Lezheiko TV, Tikhonov DV, Ganisheva TK, Berezin NB, Snegireva AA, Shemiakina TK. [A role of interactions between N-methyl-D-aspartate and dopamine receptors in facial emotion recognition impairment in schizophrenia]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2017; 117:47-52. [PMID: 28745671 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20171176147-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To search for genetic mechanisms of facial emotion recognition (FER) impairment, one of the features of schizophrenia that affects social adaptation of patients. Based on the view implicating the interplay between dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems into the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, authors explored the interaction effects of the C366G polymorphism in the GRIN2B gene encoding NMDA receptor subunit NR2B with ANKK1/DRD2 Taq1A and 48-VNTR DRD4 polymorphisms on FER. MATERIAL AND METHODS GRIN2B -DRD2 interaction effects were studied in a sample of 237 patients and 235 healthy controls, GRIN2B - DRD4 in 268 patients and 208 controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Both effects were significant in combined samples of patients and controls (GRIN2B X DRD2, F=4.12, p=0.043; GRIN2B X DRD4, F=6.43, p=0.012). Further analysis confirmed the interaction effect of GRIN2B and DRD2 polymorphisms on FER in patients with schizophrenia. In patients with a less efficient allele of the DRD2 in the absence of the minor allele of the GRIN2B C366G polymorphism, the results were close to normal values while patients with minor alleles of both polymorphisms showed the worst results. This finding is in line with the conceptions on a possible role of NMDA-receptor hypofunction and D2-mediated regulation of NMDA-receptor activity in FER impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - N B Berezin
- Alekseev Psychiatric Hospital #1, Moscow, Russia
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Hildebrandt A, Kiy A, Reuter M, Sommer W, Wilhelm O. Face and emotion expression processing and the serotonin transporter polymorphism 5-HTTLPR/rs22531. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 15:453-64. [PMID: 27079569 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Face cognition, including face identity and facial expression processing, is a crucial component of socio-emotional abilities, characterizing humans as highest developed social beings. However, for these trait domains molecular genetic studies investigating gene-behavior associations based on well-founded phenotype definitions are still rare. We examined the relationship between 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 polymorphisms - related to serotonin-reuptake - and the ability to perceive and recognize faces and emotional expressions in human faces. For this aim we conducted structural equation modeling on data from 230 young adults, obtained by using a comprehensive, multivariate task battery with maximal effort tasks. By additionally modeling fluid intelligence and immediate and delayed memory factors, we aimed to address the discriminant relationships of the 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 polymorphisms with socio-emotional abilities. We found a robust association between the 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 polymorphism and facial emotion perception. Carriers of two long (L) alleles outperformed carriers of one or two S alleles. Weaker associations were present for face identity perception and memory for emotional facial expressions. There was no association between the 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 polymorphism and non-social abilities, demonstrating discriminant validity of the relationships. We discuss the implications and possible neural mechanisms underlying these novel findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hildebrandt
- Department of Psychology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald
| | - A Kiy
- Department of Psychology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald
| | - M Reuter
- Department of Psychology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.,Center for Economics & Neuroscience (CENs), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Bonn
| | - W Sommer
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
| | - O Wilhelm
- Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Germany
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Abstract
Recent studies suggest that impaired processing of facial affect has a familial component and may reflect a marker of liability to psychopathology. This study investigated whether facial affect processing is impaired in offspring with parental panic disorder (PD). Psychiatrically healthy children with parental PD (n = 51) and age and sex matched control children with no parental psychopathology (n = 51) completed a standard facial recognition task. High-risk children made more errors recognizing fearful faces than controls and misattributed fear and angry facial affect as surprised. High-risk females also made more errors recognizing sad faces compared to low risk females and misattributed sadness as fear. No difference emerged for self-rated anxiety while viewing facial expressions. However, self-rated anxiety correlated moderately with misrecognition of fearful facial affect in high-risk children. Overall, our data suggest that the ability to correctly recognize negative facial emotions is impaired in children with parental PD. Further research is needed to confirm if these deficits represent a trait marker of liability for PD and elucidate the contribution of genetic and family environmental influences.
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The Generation R Study: Biobank update 2015. Eur J Epidemiol 2014; 29:911-27. [PMID: 25527369 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-014-9980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Generation R Study is a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life until adulthood. The study is designed to identify early environmental and genetic causes and causal pathways leading to normal and abnormal growth, development and health from fetal life, childhood and young adulthood. In total, 9,778 mothers were enrolled in the study. Data collection in children and their parents include questionnaires, interviews, detailed physical and ultrasound examinations, behavioural observations, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and biological samples. Efforts have been conducted for collecting biological samples including blood, hair, faeces, nasal swabs, saliva and urine samples and generating genomics data on DNA, RNA and microbiome. In this paper, we give an update of the collection, processing and storage of these biological samples and available measures. Together with detailed phenotype measurements, these biological samples provide a unique resource for epidemiological studies focused on environmental exposures, genetic and genomic determinants and their interactions in relation to growth, health and development from fetal life onwards.
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Laursen HR, Siebner HR, Haren T, Madsen K, Grønlund R, Hulme O, Henningsson S. Variation in the oxytocin receptor gene is associated with behavioral and neural correlates of empathic accuracy. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:423. [PMID: 25538588 PMCID: PMC4257152 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuromodulators oxytocin and serotonin have been implicated in regulating affective processes underlying empathy. Understanding this dependency, however, has been limited by a lack of objective metrics for measuring empathic performance. Here we employ a novel psychophysical method for measuring empathic performance that quantitatively measures the ability of subjects to decode the experience of another person's pain. In 50 female subjects, we acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging data as they were exposed to a target subject experiencing variable degrees of pain, whilst performing an irrelevant attention-demanding task. We investigated the effect of variation in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) and the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) on the psychophysical and neurometric variability associated with empathic performance. The OXTR rs2268498 and rs53576 polymorphisms, but not the SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR, were associated with significant differences in empathic accuracy, with CC- and AA-carriers, respectively, displaying higher empathic accuracy. For OXTR rs2268498 there was also a genotype difference in the correlation between empathic accuracy and activity in the superior temporal sulcus (STS). In OXTR rs2268498 CC-carriers, high empathic accuracy was associated with stronger responsiveness of the right STS to the observed pain. Together, the results show that genetic variation in the OXTR has significant influence on empathic accuracy and that this may be linked to variable responsivity of the STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Ruff Laursen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Hvidovre, Denmark ; Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Haren
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Hvidovre, Denmark ; Department of Neurorehabilitation TBI Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Rikke Grønlund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Oliver Hulme
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Susanne Henningsson
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Hvidovre, Denmark ; Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Copenhagen, Denmark
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Boll S, Gamer M. 5-HTTLPR modulates the recognition accuracy and exploration of emotional facial expressions. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:255. [PMID: 25100964 PMCID: PMC4107864 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual genetic differences in the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) have been associated with variations in the sensitivity to social and emotional cues as well as altered amygdala reactivity to facial expressions of emotion. Amygdala activation has further been shown to trigger gaze changes toward diagnostically relevant facial features. The current study examined whether altered socio-emotional reactivity in variants of the 5-HTTLPR promoter polymorphism reflects individual differences in attending to diagnostic features of facial expressions. For this purpose, visual exploration of emotional facial expressions was compared between a low (n = 39) and a high (n = 40) 5-HTT expressing group of healthy human volunteers in an eye tracking paradigm. Emotional faces were presented while manipulating the initial fixation such that saccadic changes toward the eyes and toward the mouth could be identified. We found that the low vs. the high 5-HTT group demonstrated greater accuracy with regard to emotion classifications, particularly when faces were presented for a longer duration. No group differences in gaze orientation toward diagnostic facial features could be observed. However, participants in the low 5-HTT group exhibited more and faster fixation changes for certain emotions when faces were presented for a longer duration and overall face fixation times were reduced for this genotype group. These results suggest that the 5-HTT gene influences social perception by modulating the general vigilance to social cues rather than selectively affecting the pre-attentive detection of diagnostic facial features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Boll
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Gamer
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
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Kruijt AW, Putman P, Van der Does W. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, early and recent life stress, and cognitive endophenotypes of depression. Cogn Emot 2014; 28:1149-63. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2013.873018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Michel C, Hoehl S, Striano T. The influence of familiarity on explicit eye gaze judgement in preschoolers. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2013.832670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Owens M, Goodyer IM, Wilkinson P, Bhardwaj A, Abbott R, Croudace T, Dunn V, Jones PB, Walsh ND, Ban M, Sahakian BJ. 5-HTTLPR and early childhood adversities moderate cognitive and emotional processing in adolescence. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48482. [PMID: 23209555 PMCID: PMC3509124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) and exposure to early childhood adversities (CA) are independently associated with individual differences in cognitive and emotional processing. Whether these two factors interact to influence cognitive and emotional processing is not known. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We used a sample of 238 adolescents from a community study characterised by the presence of the short allele of 5-HTTLPR (LL, LS, SS) and the presence or absence of exposure to CA before 6 years of age. We measured cognitive and emotional processing using a set of neuropsychological tasks selected predominantly from the CANTAB® battery. We found that adolescents homozygous for the short allele (SS) of 5-HTTLPR and exposed to CA were worse at classifying negative and neutral stimuli and made more errors in response to ambiguous negative feedback. In addition, cognitive and emotional processing deficits were associated with diagnoses of anxiety and/or depressions. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE Cognitive and emotional processing deficits may act as a transdiagnostic intermediate marker for anxiety and depressive disorders in genetically susceptible individuals exposed to CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Owens
- Development and Lifecourse Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M. Goodyer
- Development and Lifecourse Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Cambridge and Peterborough National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Development and Lifecourse Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Cambridge and Peterborough National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anupam Bhardwaj
- Development and Lifecourse Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Cambridge and Peterborough National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary Abbott
- Development and Lifecourse Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Croudace
- Development and Lifecourse Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Dunn
- Development and Lifecourse Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B. Jones
- Development and Lifecourse Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Cambridge and Peterborough National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D. Walsh
- Development and Lifecourse Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Ban
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara J. Sahakian
- Development and Lifecourse Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Tiemeier H, Velders FP, Szekely E, Roza SJ, Dieleman G, Jaddoe VWV, Uitterlinden AG, White TJH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Hofman A, Van Ijzendoorn MH, Hudziak JJ, Verhulst FC. The Generation R Study: a review of design, findings to date, and a study of the 5-HTTLPR by environmental interaction from fetal life onward. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012; 51:1119-1135.e7. [PMID: 23101739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE First, we give an overview of child psychiatric research in the Generation R Study, a population-based cohort from fetal life forward. Second, we examine within Generation R whether the functional polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in the promoter of the serotonin transporter gene interacts with prenatal maternal chronic difficulties, prenatal maternal anxiety or postnatal maternal anxiety to influence child emotional development. METHOD A total of 2,136 northern European children were genotyped for 5-HTTLPR and rs25531. Mothers reported chronic difficulties and anxiety symptoms at 20 weeks' pregnancy and when the child was 3 years old. Child emotion recognition was observed at 3 years, and child emotional problems were assessed with the CBCL/1½-5 at 5 years. RESULTS There were consistent main effects of maternal difficulties and anxiety on child emotional problems, but no main effect of 5-HTTLPR. Moreover, children with the s allele were at increased risk for emotional problems if their mothers reported prenatal anxiety symptoms (β = 2.02, p < .001) or postnatal anxiety symptoms (β = 1.64, p < 0.001). Also, in children of mothers with prenatal anxiety symptoms, the s allele was associated with less accurate emotion-matching (β = -0.11, p = .004). CONCLUSIONS This population-based study shows that vulnerability due to 5-HTTLPR is not specific for certain adverse exposures or severe events, but suggests that the small effects of gene-environment interaction on emotional development become manifest early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Tiemeier
- Erasmus Medical Center (MC)-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, and the Generation R Study Group at Erasmus MC, Rotterdam.
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Abstract
Addictions are common, chronic, and relapsing diseases that develop through a multistep process. The impact of addictions on morbidity and mortality is high worldwide. Twin studies have shown that the heritability of addictions ranges from 0.39 (hallucinogens) to 0.72 (cocaine). Twin studies indicate that genes influence each stage from initiation to addiction, although the genetic determinants may differ. Addictions are by definition the result of gene × environment interaction. These disorders, which are in part volitional, in part inborn, and in part determined by environmental experience, pose the full range of medical, genetic, policy, and moral challenges. Gene discovery is being facilitated by a variety of powerful approaches, but is in its infancy. It is not surprising that the genes discovered so far act in a variety of ways: via altered metabolism of drug (the alcohol and nicotine metabolic gene variants), via altered function of a drug receptor (the nicotinic receptor, which may alter affinity for nicotine but as discussed may also alter circuitry of reward), and via general mechanisms of addiction (genes such as monoamine oxidase A and the serotonin transporter that modulate stress response, emotion, and behavioral control). Addiction medicine today benefits from genetic studies that buttress the case for a neurobiologic origin of addictive behavior, and some general information on familially transmitted propensity that can be used to guide prevention. A few well-validated, specific predictors such as OPRM1, ADH1B, ALDH2, CHRNA5, and CYP26 have been identified and can provide some specific guidance, for example, to understand alcohol-related flushing and upper GI cancer risk (ADH1B and AKLDH2), variation in nicotine metabolism (CYP26), and, potentially, naltrexone treatment response (OPRM1). However, the genetic predictors available are few in number and account for only a small portion of the genetic variance in liability, and have not been integrated into clinical nosology or care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ducci
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychological Medicine, Kings College, Box P063, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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Interaction of catechol O-methyltransferase and serotonin transporter genes modulates effective connectivity in a facial emotion-processing circuitry. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2:e70. [PMID: 22832732 PMCID: PMC3309546 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2011.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging genetic studies showed exaggerated blood oxygenation level-dependent response in limbic structures in carriers of low activity alleles of serotonin transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) as well as catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) genes. This was suggested to underlie the vulnerability to mood disorders. To better understand the mechanisms of vulnerability, it is important to investigate the genetic modulation of frontal-limbic connectivity that underlies emotional regulation and control. In this study, we have examined the interaction of 5-HTTLPR and COMT genetic markers on effective connectivity within neural circuitry for emotional facial expressions. A total of 91 healthy Caucasian adults underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments with a task presenting dynamic emotional facial expressions of fear, sadness, happiness and anger. The effective connectivity within the facial processing circuitry was assessed with Granger causality method. We have demonstrated that in fear processing condition, an interaction between 5-HTTLPR (S) and COMT (met) low activity alleles was associated with reduced reciprocal connectivity within the circuitry including bilateral fusiform/inferior occipital regions, right superior temporal gyrus/superior temporal sulcus, bilateral inferior/middle prefrontal cortex and right amygdala. We suggest that the epistatic effect of reduced effective connectivity may underlie an inefficient emotion regulation that places these individuals at greater risk for depressive disorders.
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