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Verma CR, Gorule PA, Kumkar P, Kharat SS, Gosavi SM. Morpho-histochemical adaptations of the digestive tract in Gangetic mud-eel Ophichthys cuchia (Hamilton 1822) support utilization of mud-dwelling prey. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151602. [PMID: 33066830 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater mud-eel, Ophichthys cuchia is nocturnal, carnivorous and economically important fish, yet its digestive physiology is unknown. We therefore studied the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of O. cuchia using morphological, osteological, histological and histochemical approach to understand how the structural adequacy of GI tract helps in acquisition of bottom and mud-dwelling prey and supports utilization of uncommon food resources. Morphologically the GI tract showed typical features of carnivorous fishes in the form of sub-terminal mouth, short muscular esophagus, expendable stomach, short intestine and rectum. Osteological investigation clearly showed that the specialized arrangement of teeth in the oral cavity and pharyngeal region helps in digging and manipulation of bottom and mud-dwelling prey. Longitudinal mucosal folds, stratified squamous epithelium with numerous goblet cells of esophagus protect mucosa from mechanical harm and also allow easy transit of prey into the stomach. Large-sized rugae of stomach are complemented with numerous gastric glands which together increase the transit time of carnivorous food stuff and ensure its complete digestion. The pylorus specifically allows only digested and finely ground food stuff into the intestine and thus avoids the intestinal blockage due to entry of undigested food. The enterocytes and goblet cells of intestine are absorptive and lubricative in their functions respectively. A significant increase in the number of goblet cells and thickness of muscularis from the intestine to the rectum was evident which facilitates the easier transit of food, protection for the epithelium from abrasion, and helps in defecation. Histochemistry revealed that the mucins are secreted throughout the GI tract and thus catalyze faster digestion of carnivorous food stuff, providing protection to mucosal membrane from abrasion, acts as a co-factor to support digestion, absorption of proteins, ions, fluids and helps in defecation. The outcome of this study clearly supports the notion that structural adaptations in the digestive tract of fishes can be effectively used as a blueprint to understand why and how particular fish species feed and use unique food. Additionally, the structural and functional adequacy of the digestive tract helps the fishes to acquire and utilize novel habitats and food resources. The results presented in this study will serve as a reference point for future studies, which focus primarily on understanding the evolution of carnivory in Synbranchids.
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Srivastava A, Mistri A, Mittal S, Mittal AK. Alterations in the epidermis of the carp, Labeo rohita (Cyprinidae: Cypriniformes), infected by the bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila: A scanning electron microscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical investigation. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:941-953. [PMID: 32618004 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to comprehend the pathogenicity of the bacteria in the epidermis of Labeo rohita inoculated with Aeromonas hydrophila. Alterations in the histopathology of the epidermis were examined using scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy and the localization of iNOS and caspase 3 + ve cells by means of immunohistochemical methods. Skin samples obtained from infected fish at different intervals 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days showed significant changes in the cellular components of the epidermis. Epithelial cells often appeared hypertrophied with fragmented and loosely arranged microridges, and in the process of exfoliation. Mucous goblet cells increased significantly in density. Club cells showed degenerative changes, often with simultaneous confluence of adjacent cells and release of their contents. Increase in density of iNOS and caspase 3 + ve cells indicates inflammatory response and apoptosis. This study could provide valuable information on the pathogenesis of the disease, and disease outbreaks in farmed fish. Further, it could provide useful guidelines for fish farmers to take preventive measures for the control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Srivastava
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Arup Mistri
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Swati Mittal
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Mittal
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Keratinization and mucogenesis in the epidermis of an angler catfish Chaca chaca (Siluriformes, Chacidae): A Histochemical and fluorescence microscope investigation. ZOOLOGY 2018; 131:10-19. [PMID: 30502823 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes keratinization and mucogenesis in the epidermis of an angler catfish Chaca chaca, using a series of immunochemical, fluorescence and histochemical methods. The epidermis is primarily mucogenic and shows characteristic specialised structures at irregular intervals. These structures are identified keratinized in nature. The superficial layer epithelial cells in the keratinized structures often detach from the underlying epithelial cells and exfoliate either singly or in the form of sheet. This is associated to provide protection by removing silty depositions, pathogens, and debris along with exfoliated keratinized cells/sheets periodically to keep the skin surface clean. Mucogenic epidermis is equipped with the mucous goblet cells and the club cells. Nevertheless, these cells are not discernible in the keratinized structures. This suggests an inverse relationship between mucogenesis and keratinization in the epidermis of the fish. The mucogenic epidermis is involved in the secretion of different classes of glycoproteins. These include glycoproteins with oxidizable vicinal diols, glycoproteins with O-sulphate esters and glycoproteins with sialic acid residues without O-acyl substitution. Secretion of these glycoproteins on the surface are associated to control the acidity of the acidic glycoproteins, to protect the skin surface against bacterial, viral infection and other pathogens, and help in lubrication to protect against abrasion during burrowing. Epidermal keratinization and glycoprotein characterization are associated with the physiological adaptations in relation to the characteristic habit and habitat of the fish.
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Depasquale JA. Actin Microridges. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:2037-2050. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Mir IH, Channa A. Mucous Cells in the Gills of Snow Trout, Schizothorax curvifrons Heckel (Pisces, Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae). CYTOLOGIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.76.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imtiyaz Hussain Mir
- Ichthyology and Wildlife Section, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir
| | - Ashok Channa
- Ichthyology and Wildlife Section, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir
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Díaz AO, García AM, Escalante AH, Goldemberg AL. Glycoproteins histochemistry of the gills of Odontesthes bonariensis (Teleostei, Atherinopsidae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2010; 77:1665-1673. [PMID: 21078025 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The histochemistry of glycoproteins (GP) in the mucous cells of the gills of the silverside Odontesthes bonariensis was identified with: (1) oxidizable vicinal diols; (2) sialic acid and some of their chain variants, carbon 7 ((7) C), carbon 8 ((8) C) or carbon 9 ((9) C); (3) sialic acid residues without O-acyl substitution and with O-acyl substitution at (7) C, (8) C or (9) C; (4) carboxyl groups and (5) sulphate groups. A battery of seven biotinylated lectins allowed GPs sugar residues to be distinguished. Mucous cells showed the presence of neutral, sulphated and sialylated GPs. Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) and Glycine max agglutinin (SBA) showed strong positive staining; Arachis hypogaea agglutinin (PNA), Ricinus communis agglutinin-I (RCA-I) and Triticum vulgaris agglutinin (WGA) showed moderate staining, while Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I) was completely negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Díaz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250 3°piso, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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Jin YG, Park JJ, An CM, Lee JS. Ovipositor ultrastructure of the striped bitterling Acheilognathus yamatsutae (Teleostei: Acheilognathinae) during spawning season. Tissue Cell 2009; 41:400-7. [PMID: 19631358 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ovipositor of striped bitterling Acheilognathus yamatsutae was subjected to ultrastructure and histochemical analysis during spawning season using light and electron microscopy. Although the ovipositor of A. yamatsutae is a long cylindrical tube with smooth external surface, it was possible to confirm the presence of well-developed fingerprint structure using scanning electron microscopy. Internal aspect analysis of ovipositor revealed formation of 5-8 longitudinal folds. Cross section analysis revealed that the ovipositor is composed of an outer epithelial layer, a mid connective tissue layer, and an inner epithelial layer. The outer epithelial layer contains 7-9 cell layers composed mainly of epithelial and mucous cells. Result of AB-PAS (pH 2.5) and AF-AB reaction showed that mucous cells contained mainly acidic carboxylated mucosubstances. The connective tissue layer was loose and made mainly of collagen fibers and some muscle fibers, along with blood vessels and a small number of chromatophores. The inner epithelial layer, which is a single layer, is composed of columnar epithelia. Observation under transmission electron microscope enabled distinction of the outer epithelial layer into superficial, intermediate and basal layers. Although the types of cells in the superficial tissue layer were diverse, they all shared the development of glycocalyx covered microridges. The majority of epithelial cells in the intermediate layer were cuboidal shaped, while those in the basal layer were columnar. Two types (A and B) of secretory cells were observed in the outer epithelial layer. The connective tissue layer had two types of chromatophores including xantophore and melanophore, in addition to a well-developed nerve fiber bundles. Columnar epithelial cells, mitochondria-rich cells and rodlet cells were observed in the inner epithelial layer. Microvilli were well developed on the free surface of columnar epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Guk Jin
- South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, NFRDI, Yeosu 556-823, Republic of Korea
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Yashpal M, Kumari U, Mittal S, Mittal AK. Morphological specializations of the buccal cavity in relation to the food and feeding habit of a carpCirrhinus mrigala: A scanning electron microscopic investigation. J Morphol 2009; 270:714-28. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Jeong GN. A study on the epidermal structure and mucosubstance histochemistry of spotty belly, devil stinger, stone fish, cubed Snailfish, and Japanese bluefish. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2008.9647159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Jeong GN, Jo UB. Mucosubstance histochemistry of the epidermis in Yellowtail, Striped Beakperch, Brown Spotted Grouper, Sea Chub, and Multicolorfin Rainbowfish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/17386357.2007.9647334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Park J, Kim C. Habitats and air uptake based on analysis of skin structure of two Korean bullheads,Pseudobagrus brevicorpusandP. koreanus(Pisces; Bagridae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/17386357.2007.9647329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ní Shúilleabháin S, Mothersill C, Sheehan D, O'Brien NM, O' Halloran J, van Pelt FNAM, Kilemade M, Davoren M. Cellular responses in primary epidermal cultures from rainbow trout exposed to zinc chloride. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2006; 65:332-41. [PMID: 16223524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2004] [Revised: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effects of zinc chloride (ZnCl(2)) (0-200mg/L) on primary epidermal cultures from Oncorhynchus mykiss. Increases in the rate and amount of mucus released were detected post-exposure, as was a dose-dependent increase in the synthesis of acidic glycoproteins. The cytotoxicity of ZnCl(2) to the cultures was significantly increased (P< or =0.05) when exposures were conducted in serum-free medium as opposed to medium containing serum. Significant increases in the levels of apoptosis and necrosis were observed with increasing exposure concentration, but these were seen to decrease over time. The in vitro cytological and pathological changes observed in this study were found to be in accordance with previously published in vivo studies on the effects of heavy metals on the integument. This model system may help to further elucidate the effects of ecotoxicants on the external innate immune system of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Ní Shúilleabháin
- Radiation and Environmental Science Centre, FOCAS Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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Díaz AO, García AM, Devincenti CV, Goldemberg AL. Mucous Cells inMicropogonias furnierigills: Histochemistry and Ultrastructure. Anat Histol Embryol 2001. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2001.t01-1-0316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Park J, Kim I, Kim S. Morphology and histochemistry of the skin of the mud loach,misgurnus mizolepis, in relation to cutaeneous respiration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/12265071.2001.9647619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Saint-André Marchal I, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Willett BJ, Woo JC, Moore PF, Magnol JP, Schmitt D, Marchal T. Immunophenotypic characterization of feline Langerhans cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1997; 58:1-16. [PMID: 9343335 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(97)00016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To carry out the characterization of feline Langerhans cells (LC), first described in 1994, we used a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) known to react with human, canine and feline leukocyte membrane antigens (Ag). The immunolabeling was performed, at light microscope level, on frozen sections of feline skin and labial mucosa using an avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique, and at electron microscope level on epidermal cell suspensions using an immunogold technique. Out of the 52 MAb tested, six labeled basal or suprabasal DC cells in the frozen sections, either in epidermis or lip epithelium: MHM23 (anti-human CD18), CVS20 and vpg3 (respectively anti-canine and feline-major histocompatibility complex class II molecules), vpg5 (anti-feline leukocytes), vpg39 (anti-feline CD4) and Fel5F4 (anti-feline CD1a). These six MAb were used on suspensions, and labeled cells which showed no desmosomes or melanosomes, but contained 'zipper-like' structures similar to Birbeck granules (BG) in their cytoplasm, revealing they were LC. Consequently, feline LC are CD18-positive (CD18+), major histocompatibility complex class II-positive (Class II+), CD1a-positive (CD1a+), vpg5-positive (vg5+) and CD4-positive (CD4+). This immunophenotypic and ultrastructural characterization demonstrates that feline LC share many characteristics with their human counterparts, a fact that will allow us to study the role of feline LC in certain feline diseases such as Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) infection, since it has been shown that human LC cells are HIV-permissive, and to establish an animal model for human AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Saint-André Marchal
- Département Pathologie et Clinique des Carnivores Domestiques, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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Mittal AK, Fujimori O, Ueda H, Yamada K. Carbohydrates in the epidermal mucous cells of a fresh-water fish Mastacembelus pancalus (mastacembelidae, Pisces) as studied by electron-microscopic cytochemical methods. Cell Tissue Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00318357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cellular responses of the skin and changes in plasma cortisol levels of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to acidified water. Cell Tissue Res 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00331371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Eastman JT, Hikida RS, Devries AL. Buoyancy studies and microscopy of skin and subdermal extracellular matrix of the antarctic snailfish,Paraliparis devriesi. J Morphol 1994; 220:85-101. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1052200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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López-Dóriga MV, Martínez JL. Fine structure of sacciform cells in the epidermis of the brown trout,Salmo trutta. J Zool (1987) 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1993.tb02694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Suzuki N. Fine structure of the epidermis of the mudskipper,Periophthalmus modestus (Gobiidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02905601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Epithelium of lips and associated structures of the Indian major carp,Catla catla. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02905362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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