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Colette M, Guentas L, Gunkel-Grillon P, Callac N, Della Patrona L. Is halophyte species growing in the vicinity of the shrimp ponds a promising agri-aquaculture system for shrimp ponds remediation in New Caledonia? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 177:113563. [PMID: 35325793 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant culture integration within aquaculture activities is a topic of recent interest with economic and environmental benefits. Shrimp farming activities generate nutrient-rich waste trapped in the sediments of farming ponds or release in the mangrove area. Thus, we investigate if the halophytes species naturally growing around the pond can use nitrogen and carbon from shrimp farming for remediation purposes. Halophyte biomasses and sediments influenced by shrimp farm effluents, were collected in two farms in New-Caledonia. All samples were analyzed for their C and N stable isotopic composition and N content. Higher δ15N values were found in plants influenced by shrimp farm water thus evidenced their abilities to take nutrient derived from shrimp farming. Deep root species Chenopodium murale, Atriplex jubata, Suaeda australis and Enchylaena tomentosa appears more efficient for shrimp pond remediation. This work demonstrates that halophytes cultivation in shrimp ponds with sediments, could be effective for the pond's remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Colette
- French Institute for Research in the Science of the Sea (IFREMER), Research Institute for Development (IRD), University of New Caledonia, University of Reunion, CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, Noumea, New Caledonia; Institute of Exact and Applied Sciences (ISEA), EA 7484, University of New Caledonia, 98851 Noumea, New Caledonia.
| | - Linda Guentas
- Institute of Exact and Applied Sciences (ISEA), EA 7484, University of New Caledonia, 98851 Noumea, New Caledonia.
| | - Peggy Gunkel-Grillon
- Institute of Exact and Applied Sciences (ISEA), EA 7484, University of New Caledonia, 98851 Noumea, New Caledonia.
| | - Nolwenn Callac
- French Institute for Research in the Science of the Sea (IFREMER), Research Institute for Development (IRD), University of New Caledonia, University of Reunion, CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, Noumea, New Caledonia.
| | - Luc Della Patrona
- French Institute for Research in the Science of the Sea (IFREMER), Research Institute for Development (IRD), University of New Caledonia, University of Reunion, CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, Noumea, New Caledonia.
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2
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Ayub G, Zaragoza-Castells J, Griffin KL, Atkin OK. Leaf respiration in darkness and in the light under pre-industrial, current and elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 226:120-30. [PMID: 25113457 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Our study sought to understand how past, low atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) impact respiration (R) of soybean (Glycine max), when compared to plants grown under current and future [CO2]s. Experiments were conducted using plants grown under 290, 400 and 700 ppm [CO2]. Leaf R was measured in both darkness (RD) and in the light (RL; using the Kok method), with short-term changes in measurement [CO2] and [O2] being used to explore the relationship between light inhibition of leaf R and photorespiration. Root R, photosynthesis (A), leaf [N] and biomass allocation traits were also quantified. In contrast to the inhibitory effect of low growth [CO2] on A, growth [CO2] had no significant effect on leaf RD or root R. Irrespective of growth [CO2], RL was always lower than RD, with light inhibiting leaf R by 17-47%. Importantly, the degree of light inhibition of leaf R was lowest in plants grown under low [CO2], with variations in RL being positively correlated with RD and photorespiration. Irrespective of whether leaf R was measured in the light or dark, a greater proportion of the carbon fixed by leaf photosynthesis was released by leaf R in plants grown under low [CO2] than under current/future [CO2]'s. Collectively, our results highlight the differential responses of A and R to growth of plants under low to elevated atmospheric [CO2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Ayub
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK.
| | - Joana Zaragoza-Castells
- Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK; School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK
| | - Kevin L Griffin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964-8000, USA
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK; ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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Sweetlove LJ, Williams TCR, Cheung CYM, Ratcliffe RG. Modelling metabolic CO₂ evolution--a fresh perspective on respiration. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:1631-1640. [PMID: 23531106 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Respiration is a major contributor to net exchange of CO₂ between plants and the atmosphere and thus an important aspect of the vegetation component of global climate change models. However, a mechanistic model of respiration is lacking, and so here we explore the potential for flux balance analysis (FBA) to predict cellular CO₂ evolution rates. Metabolic flux analysis reveals that respiration is not always the dominant source of CO₂, and that metabolic processes such as the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) and lipid synthesis can be quantitatively important. Moreover, there is considerable variation in the metabolic origin of evolved CO₂ between tissues, species and conditions. Comparison of FBA-predicted CO₂ evolution profiles with those determined from flux measurements reveals that FBA is able to predict the metabolic origin of evolved CO₂ in different tissues/species and under different conditions. However, FBA is poor at predicting flux through certain metabolic processes such as the OPPP and we identify the way in which maintenance costs are accounted for as a major area of improvement for future FBA studies. We conclude that FBA, in its standard form, can be used to predict CO₂ evolution in a range of plant tissues and in response to environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee J Sweetlove
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK.
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4
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Dubbert M, Rascher KG, Werner C. Species-specific differences in temporal and spatial variation in δ(13)C of plant carbon pools and dark-respired CO (2) under changing environmental conditions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 113:297-309. [PMID: 22618996 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Stable carbon isotope signatures are often used as tracers for environmentally driven changes in photosynthetic δ(13)C discrimination. However, carbon isotope signatures downstream from carboxylation by Rubisco are altered within metabolic pathways, transport and respiratory processes, leading to differences in δ(13)C between carbon pools along the plant axis and in respired CO(2). Little is known about the within-plant variation in δ(13)C under different environmental conditions or between species. We analyzed spatial, diurnal, and environmental variations in δ(13)C of water soluble organic matter (δ(13)C(WSOM)) of leaves, phloem and roots, as well as dark-respired δ(13)CO(2) (δ(13)C(res)) in leaves and roots. We selected distinct light environments (forest understory and an open area), seasons (Mediterranean spring and summer drought) and three functionally distinct understory species (two native shrubs-Halimium halimifolium and Rosmarinus officinalis-and a woody invader-Acacia longifolia). Spatial patterns in δ(13)C(WSOM) along the plant vertical axis and between respired δ(13)CO(2) and its putative substrate were clearly species specific and the most δ(13)C-enriched and depleted values were found in δ(13)C of leaf dark-respired CO(2) and phloem sugars, ~-15 and ~-33 ‰, respectively. Comparisons between study sites and seasons revealed that spatial and diurnal patterns were influenced by environmental conditions. Within a species, phloem δ(13)C(WSOM) and δ(13)C(res) varied by up to 4 ‰ between seasons and sites. Thus, careful characterization of the magnitude and environmental dependence of apparent post-carboxylation fractionation is needed when using δ(13)C signatures to trace changes in photosynthetic discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Dubbert
- Experimental and System Ecology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Gilbert A, Silvestre V, Segebarth N, Tcherkez G, Guillou C, Robins RJ, Akoka S, Remaud GS. The intramolecular ¹³C-distribution in ethanol reveals the influence of the CO₂ -fixation pathway and environmental conditions on the site-specific ¹³C variation in glucose. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2011; 34:1104-1112. [PMID: 21410708 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to understand the cause of ¹²C versus ¹³C isotope fractionation in plants during photosynthesis and post-photosynthetic metabolism are frustrated by the lack of data on the intramolecular ¹³C-distribution in metabolites and its variation with environmental conditions. We have exploited isotopic carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C NMR) spectrometry to measure the positional isotope composition (δ¹³C(i) , ‰) in ethanol samples from different origins: European wines, liquors and sugars from C₃, C₄ and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants. In C₃-ethanol samples, the methylene group was always ¹³C-enriched (∼2‰) relative to the methyl group. In wines, this pattern was correlated with both air temperature and δ(18)O of wine water, indicating that water vapour deficit may be a critical defining factor. Furthermore, in C₄-ethanol, the reverse relationship was observed (methylene-C relatively ¹³C-depleted), supporting the concept that photorespiration is the key metabolic process leading to the ¹³C distribution in C₃-ethanol. By contrast, in CAM-ethanol, the isotopic pattern was similar to but stronger than C₃-ethanol, with a relative ¹³C-enrichment in the methylene-C of up to 13‰. Plausible causes of this ¹³C-pattern are briefly discussed. As the intramolecular δ¹³C(i) -values in ethanol reflect that in source glucose, our data point out the crucial impact on the ratio of metabolic pathways sustaining glucose synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Gilbert
- 1Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis,Analysis, Modelling (CEISAM), University of Nantes – CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de laHoussinière, BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
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Gilbert A, Silvestre V, Robins RJ, Tcherkez G, Remaud GS. A 13C NMR spectrometric method for the determination of intramolecular δ13C values in fructose from plant sucrose samples. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 191:579-588. [PMID: 21388380 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03690.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in (13) C NMR spectrometry have allowed the determination of intramolecular (13) C/(12) C ratios with high precision. However, the analysis of carbohydrates requires their derivatization to constrain the anomeric carbon. Fructose has proved to be particularly problematic because of a byproduct occurring during derivatization and the complexity of the NMR spectrum of the derivative. Here, we describe a method to determine the intramolecular (13) C/(12) C ratios in fructose by (13) C NMR analysis of the acetyl-isopropylidene derivative. We have applied this method to measure the intramolecular (13) C/(12) C distribution in the fructosyl moiety of sucrose and have compared this with that in the glucosyl moiety. Three prominent features stand out. First, in sucrose from both C(3) and C(4) plants, the C-1 and C-2 positions of the glucosyl and fructosyl moieties are markedly different. Second, these positions in C(3) and C(4) plants show a similar profile. Third, the glucosyl and fructosyl moieties of sucrose from Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) metabolism have a different profile. These contrasting values can be interpreted as a result of the isotopic selectivity of enzymes that break or make covalent bonds in glucose metabolism, whereas the distinctive (13) C pattern in CAM sucrose probably indicates a substantial contribution of gluconeogenesis to glucose synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Gilbert
- Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modelling (CEISAM), University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Silvestre
- Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modelling (CEISAM), University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Richard J Robins
- Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modelling (CEISAM), University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Plant Biology Institute (IBP), CNRS UMR 8618, University of Paris Sud 11, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modelling (CEISAM), University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
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Waite M, Sack L. Shifts in bryophyte carbon isotope ratio across an elevation × soil age matrix on Mauna Loa, Hawaii: do bryophytes behave like vascular plants? Oecologia 2011; 166:11-22. [PMID: 21279387 PMCID: PMC3074064 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-010-1903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The carbon isotope ratio (δ(13)C) of vascular plant leaf tissue is determined by isotope discrimination, primarily mediated by stomatal and mesophyll diffusion resistances and by photosynthetic rate. These effects lead to predictable trends in leaf δ(13)C across natural gradients of elevation, irradiance and nutrient supply. Less is known about shifts in δ(13)C for bryophytes at landscape scale, as bryophytes lack stomata in the dominant gametophyte phase, and thus lack active control over CO(2) diffusion. Twelve bryophyte species were sampled across a matrix of elevation and soil ages on Mauna Loa, Hawaii Island. We tested hypotheses based on previous findings for vascular plants, which tend to have less negative δ(13)C at higher elevations or irradiances, and for leaves with higher leaf mass per area (LMA). Across the matrix, bryophytes spanned the range of δ(13)C values typical of C(3) vascular plants. Bryophytes were remarkably similar to vascular plants in exhibiting less negative δ(13)C with increasing elevation, and with lower overstory cover; additionally δ(13)C was related to bryophyte canopy projected mass per area, a trait analogous to LMA in vascular plants, also correlated negatively with overstory cover. The similarity of responses of δ(13)C in bryophytes and vascular plants to environmental factors, despite differing morphologies and diffusion pathways, points to a strong direct role of photosynthetic rate in determining δ(13)C variation at the landscape scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashuri Waite
- Department of Botany, University of Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Botany, University of Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606 USA
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Subke JA, Ineson P. Tracing photosynthetic isotope discrimination from leaves to soil. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 188:309-311. [PMID: 20941846 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens-Arne Subke
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
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9
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Tcherkez G. Do metabolic fluxes matter for interpreting isotopic respiratory signals? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 186:566-571. [PMID: 20522163 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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10
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Unger S, Máguas C, Pereira JS, Aires LM, David TS, Werner C. Disentangling drought-induced variation in ecosystem and soil respiration using stable carbon isotopes. Oecologia 2010; 163:1043-57. [PMID: 20217141 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-010-1576-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Combining C flux measurements with information on their isotopic composition can yield a process-based understanding of ecosystem C dynamics. We studied the variations in both respiratory fluxes and their stable C isotopic compositions (delta(13)C) for all major components (trees, understory, roots and soil microorganisms) in a Mediterranean oak savannah during a period with increasing drought. We found large drought-induced and diurnal dynamics in isotopic compositions of soil, root and foliage respiration (delta(13)C(res)). Soil respiration was the largest contributor to ecosystem respiration (R (eco)), exhibiting a depleted isotopic signature and no marked variations with increasing drought, similar to ecosystem respired delta(13)CO(2), providing evidence for a stable C-source and minor influence of recent photosynthate from plants. Short-term and diurnal variations in delta(13)C(res) of foliage and roots (up to 8 and 4 per thousand, respectively) were in agreement with: (1) recent hypotheses on post-photosynthetic fractionation processes, (2) substrate changes with decreasing assimilation rates in combination with increased respiratory demand, and (3) decreased phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity in drying roots, while altered photosynthetic discrimination was not responsible for the observed changes in delta(13)C(res). We applied a flux-based and an isotopic flux-based mass balance, yielding good agreement at the soil scale, while the isotopic mass balance at the ecosystem scale was not conserved. This was mainly caused by uncertainties in Keeling plot intercepts at the ecosystem scale due to small CO(2) gradients and large differences in delta(13)C(res) of the different component fluxes. Overall, stable isotopes provided valuable new insights into the drought-related variations of ecosystem C dynamics, encouraging future studies but also highlighting the need of improved methodology to disentangle short-term dynamics of isotopic composition of R (eco).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Unger
- Department of Experimental and Systems Ecology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25 W4-114, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Werner C, Wegener F, Unger S, Nogués S, Priault P. Short-term dynamics of isotopic composition of leaf-respired CO2 upon darkening: measurements and implications. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:2428-38. [PMID: 19603472 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding the metabolic origin and the temporal dynamics in delta(13)C of dark-respired CO(2) (delta(13)C(res)) have led to an increasing awareness of the importance of plant isotopic fractionation in respiratory processes. Pronounced dynamics in delta(13)C(res) have been observed in a number of species and three main hypotheses have been proposed: first, diurnal changes in delta(13)C of respiratory substrates; second, post-photosynthetic discrimination in respiratory pathways; and third, dynamic decarboxylation of enriched carbon pools during the post-illumination respiration period. Since different functional groups exhibit distinct diurnal patterns in delta(13)C(res) (ranging from 0 to 10 per thousand diurnal increase), we explored these hypotheses for different ecotypes and environmental (i.e. growth light) conditions. Mass balance calculations revealed that the effect of respiratory substrates on diurnal changes in delta(13)C(res) was negligible in all investigated species. Further, rapid post-illumination changes in delta(13)C(res) (30 min), which increased from 2.6 per thousand to 5 per thousand over the course of the day, were examined by positional (13)C-labelling to quantify changes in pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and Krebs cycle (KC) activity. We investigated the origin of these dynamics with Rayleigh mass balance calculations based on theoretical assumptions on fractionation processes. Neither the estimated changes of PDH and KC, nor decarboxylation of a malate pool entirely explained the observed pattern in delta(13)C(res). However, a Rayleigh fractionation of (12)C-discriminating enzymes and/or a rapid decline in the decarboxylation rate of an enriched substrate pool may explain the post-illumination peak in delta(13)C(res). These results are highly relevant since delta(13)C(res) is used in large-scale carbon cycle studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Werner
- Experimental and Systems Ecology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Ubierna N, Marshall JD, Cernusak LA. A new method to measure carbon isotope composition of CO2
respired by trees: stem CO2
equilibration. Funct Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Norby RJ. Introduction to a Virtual Special Issue: probing the carbon cycle with (13)C. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 184:1-3. [PMID: 19740274 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03020.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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