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Thomas KF, Boyer ER, Krach LE. Variability in lower extremity motor function in spina bifida only partially associated with spinal motor level. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2022; 15:559-569. [PMID: 36502349 DOI: 10.3233/prm-220047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have found motor function to correlate with spinal motor level and, accordingly, individuals with spina bifida are frequently categorized clinically in this manner. The aim of the current study was to describe how lower extremity functions including strength, selective motor control, and mirror movements vary by motor level in children and young adults with spina bifida. METHODS A single center, retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study using data collected in the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry and by a gait laboratory was performed. RESULTS Seventy-seven individuals with spina bifida were included with the majority having myelomeningocele (59 lumbar, 18 sacral motor level). Lower extremity strength and selective motor control varied to a certain extent with motor level. However, 90% of individuals showed strength or weakness in at least one muscle group that was unexpected based on their motor level. Mirror movements did not clearly vary with motor level. CONCLUSION Lower extremity strength, selective motor control, and mirror movements in individuals with spina bifida were not entirely predicted by motor level. This highlights the possible need for an improved spina bifida classification system that describes not only spinal motor level but more clearly defines a particular individual's functional motor abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Fisher Thomas
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Gillette Children's, Saint Paul, MN, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rose Boyer
- Center for Gait and Motion Analysis, Gillette Children's, Saint Paul, MN, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Linda Elsie Krach
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Gillette Children's, Saint Paul, MN, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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2
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Development of Laterality and Bimanual Interference of Fine Motor Movements in Childhood and Adolescence. Motor Control 2021; 25:587-615. [PMID: 34489369 DOI: 10.1123/mc.2020-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Drawing and handwriting are fine motor skills acquired during childhood. We analyzed the development of laterality by comparing the performance of the dominant with the nondominant hand and the effect of bimanual interference in kinematic hand movement parameters (speed, automation, variability, and pressure). Healthy subjects (n = 187, 6-18 years) performed drawing tasks with both hands on a digitizing tablet followed by performance in the presence of an interfering task of the nondominant hand. Age correlated positively with speed, automation, and pressure, and negatively with variability for both hands. As task complexity increased, differences between both hands were less pronounced. Playing an instrument had a positive effect on the nondominant hand. Speed and automation showed a strong association with lateralization. Bimanual interference was associated with an increase of speed and variability. Maturation of hand laterality and the extent of bimanual interference in fine motor tasks are age-dependent processes.
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3
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Solmaz B, Özyurt MG, Ata DB, Akçimen F, Shabsog M, Türker KS, Dalçik H, Algin O, Başak AN, Özgür M, Çavdar S. Assessment of the corticospinal fiber integrity in mirror movement disorder. J Clin Neurosci 2018; 54:69-76. [PMID: 29907388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Mirror movements are unintended movements occurring on one side of the body that mirror the contralateral voluntary ones. It has been proposed that mirror movements occur due to abnormal decussation of the corticospinal pathways. Using detailed multidisciplinary approach, we aimed to enlighten the detailed mechanism underlying the mirror movements in a case subject who is diagnosed with mirror movements of the hands and we compared the findings with the unaffected control subjects. To evaluate the characteristics of mirror movements, we used several techniques including whole exome sequencing, computed tomography, diffusion tensor imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Computed tomography showed the absence of a spinous process of C5, fusion of the body of C5-C6 vertebrae, hypoplastic dens and platybasia of the posterior cranial fossa. A syrinx cavity was present between levels C3-C4 of the spinal cord. Diffusion tensor imaging of the corticospinal fibers showed disorganization and minimal decussations at the lower medulla oblongata. Transcranial magnetic stimulation showed that motor commands were distributed to the motor neuron pools on the left and right sides of the spinal cord via fast-conducting corticospinal tract fibers. Moreover, a heterozygous missense variation in the deleted in colorectal carcinoma gene has been observed. Developmental absence of the axonal guidance molecules or their receptors may result in abnormalities in the leading of the corticospinal fibers. Clinical evaluations and basic neuroscience techniques, in this case, provide information for this rare disease and contribute to our understanding of the normal physiology of bimanual coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilgehan Solmaz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Demir Berk Ata
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fulya Akçimen
- Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mohammed Shabsog
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kemal Sıtkı Türker
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakkı Dalçik
- Department of Preclinical Science, Anatomy Unit, Faculty of Medicine, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Oktay Algin
- Department of Radiology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nazlı Başak
- Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Özgür
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Safiye Çavdar
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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4
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Zhu YL, Zhang B, Li F. A Potential New Indication for Botulinum Toxin Injection: A Case Study of Spasticity with Mirror Movements. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 129:2514-2515. [PMID: 27748351 PMCID: PMC5072271 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.191833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Renhe Hospital, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200431, China
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5
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Chieffo R, Straffi L, Inuggi A, Gonzalez-Rosa JJ, Spagnolo F, Coppi E, Nuara A, Houdayer E, Comi G, Leocani L. Motor Cortical Plasticity to Training Started in Childhood: The Example of Piano Players. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157952. [PMID: 27336584 PMCID: PMC4918920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence suggest that motor training is associated with early and late changes of the cortical motor system. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) offers the possibility to study plastic rearrangements of the motor system in physiological and pathological conditions. We used TMS to characterize long-term changes in upper limb motor cortical representation and interhemispheric inhibition associated with bimanual skill training in pianists who started playing in an early age. Ipsilateral silent period (iSP) and cortical TMS mapping of hand muscles were obtained from 30 strictly right-handed subjects (16 pianists, 14 naïve controls), together with electromyographic recording of mirror movements (MMs) to voluntary hand movements. In controls, motor cortical representation of hand muscles was larger on the dominant (DH) than on the non-dominant hemisphere (NDH). On the contrary, pianists showed symmetric cortical output maps, being their DH less represented than in controls. In naïve subjects, the iSP was smaller on the right vs left abductor pollicis brevis (APB) indicating a weaker inhibition from the NDH to the DH. In pianists, interhemispheric inhibition was more symmetric as their DH was better inhibited than in controls. Electromyographic MMs were observed only in naïve subjects (7/14) and only to voluntary movement of the non-dominant hand. Subjects with MM had a lower iSP area on the right APB compared with all the others. Our findings suggest a more symmetrical motor cortex organization in pianists, both in terms of muscle cortical representation and interhemispheric inhibition. Although we cannot disentangle training-related from preexisting conditions, it is possible that long-term bimanual practice may reshape motor cortical representation and rebalance interhemispheric interactions, which in naïve right-handed subjects would both tend to favour the dominant hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Chieffo
- Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute Hospital San Raffaele, Milan Italy
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Scientific Institute Hospital San Raffaele, Milan Italy
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Straffi
- Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute Hospital San Raffaele, Milan Italy
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Scientific Institute Hospital San Raffaele, Milan Italy
| | - Alberto Inuggi
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Scientific Institute Hospital San Raffaele, Milan Italy
| | - Javier J. Gonzalez-Rosa
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Scientific Institute Hospital San Raffaele, Milan Italy
| | - Francesca Spagnolo
- Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute Hospital San Raffaele, Milan Italy
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Scientific Institute Hospital San Raffaele, Milan Italy
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Coppi
- Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute Hospital San Raffaele, Milan Italy
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Scientific Institute Hospital San Raffaele, Milan Italy
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Arturo Nuara
- Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute Hospital San Raffaele, Milan Italy
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Scientific Institute Hospital San Raffaele, Milan Italy
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elise Houdayer
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Scientific Institute Hospital San Raffaele, Milan Italy
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute Hospital San Raffaele, Milan Italy
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Scientific Institute Hospital San Raffaele, Milan Italy
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Leocani
- Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute Hospital San Raffaele, Milan Italy
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Scientific Institute Hospital San Raffaele, Milan Italy
- * E-mail:
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6
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Dcc Mediates Functional Assembly of Peripheral Auditory Circuits. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23799. [PMID: 27040640 PMCID: PMC4819185 DOI: 10.1038/srep23799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper structural organization of spiral ganglion (SG) innervation is crucial for normal hearing function. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the developmental formation of this precise organization remain not well understood. Here, we report in the developing mouse cochlea that deleted in colorectal cancer (Dcc) contributes to the proper organization of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) within the Rosenthal's canal and of SGN projections toward both the peripheral and central auditory targets. In Dcc mutant embryos, mispositioning of SGNs occurred along the peripheral auditory pathway with misrouted afferent fibers and reduced synaptic contacts with hair cells. The central auditory pathway simultaneously exhibited similar defective phenotypes as in the periphery with abnormal exit of SGNs from the Rosenthal's canal towards central nuclei. Furthermore, the axons of SGNs ascending into the cochlear nucleus had disrupted bifurcation patterns. Thus, Dcc is necessary for establishing the proper spatial organization of SGNs and their fibers in both peripheral and central auditory pathways, through controlling axon targeting and cell migration. Our results suggest that Dcc plays an important role in the developmental formation of peripheral and central auditory circuits, and its mutation may contribute to sensorineural hearing loss.
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7
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Gurkas E, Altan BY, Gücüyener K, Kolsal E. Cerebellopontine angle arachnoid cyst associated with mirror movements. J Pediatr Neurosci 2016; 10:371-3. [PMID: 26962347 PMCID: PMC4770653 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1745.174440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachnoid cysts are benign developmental collections of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). They constitute approximately 1% of intracranial masses. The cerebellopontine angle (CPA) arachnoid cysts are rare and often asymptomatic. The onset of symptoms and signs is usually due to the compression of the brain, cranial nerves and obstruction of CSF circulation. The major clinical symptoms for CPA arachnoid cysts were reported as headache, ataxia and 8th cranial nerve palsy. We report a patient with a CPA arachnoid cyst. He presented with cranial nerve palsies and mirror movements found in upper extremities. We postulated that CPA arachnoid cyst compressing the brain stem and the pyramidal decussation may lead to mirror movements. We conclude that mirror movements can be associated with CPA arachnoid cyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Gurkas
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara Pediatric and Pediatric Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Kıvılcım Gücüyener
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Kolsal
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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8
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Yaroglu Kazanci S. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in a Patient With Congenital Mirror Movement Disorder and Colpocephaly. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2015; 25:e1787. [PMID: 26495087 PMCID: PMC4610327 DOI: 10.5812/ijp.1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Congenital mirror movement disorder designates involuntary movements on one side of the body that occur as mirror of the intentional movements on the contralateral side. Colpocephaly is described as persistence of fetal configuration of lateral ventricles. Case Presentation: A two-month old male infant was brought to the hospital due to bilateral identical movements of the hands. Except for bilateral involuntary synkinetic imitative movements in hands, neurological and physical examination was normal. Cranial MRI showed corpus callosum dysgenesis, hypogenesis and dilation of bilateral lateral ventricular posterior horns (colpocephaly). At the age of 7 years, he was started to use metylphenydate to mitigate attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. The mirror movements were decreasing in amplitude by years and were not so serious to affect normal life activities. Conclusions: Mirror movements, diagnosed usually during childhood, may be congenital or secondary to neurological diseases. Although they generally do not affect normal life activities, in some cases severity of mirror movements causes a real debilitating disease. In our case the patient was diagnosed at the age of 2 months and on follow-up no debilitating problems were observed. This is the first case to describe the association of colpocephaly and mirror movements. The exact mechanism of this association is not known. Although it is known that mirror movements may be in relation with some pychiatric pathologies, this is the first report of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in conjunction with mirror movements and/or colpocephaly. Managing comorbidities, either physical or psyhchological, will help the patient to live in good health without trying to cope with other pathological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selcen Yaroglu Kazanci
- Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
- Corresponding author: Selcen Yaroglu Kazanci, Bakırkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Tel: +90-212-41471715031, E-mail:
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9
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Congenital mirror movements: Phenotypes associated with DCC and RAD51 mutations. J Neurol Sci 2015; 351:140-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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10
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Identification of a homozygous splice site mutation in the dynein axonemal light chain 4 gene on 22q13.1 in a large consanguineous family from Pakistan with congenital mirror movement disorder. Hum Genet 2014; 133:1419-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Fasano A, Bologna M, Iezzi E, Pavone L, Srour M, Di Biasio F, Grillea G, Rouleau GA, Levert A, Sebastiano F, Colonnese C, Berardelli A. Congenital Mirror Movements in a New Italian Family. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2014; 1:180-187. [PMID: 30713853 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mirror movements (MMs) occur on the contralateral side of a limb being used intentionally. Because few families with congenital MMs and no other neurological signs have been reported, the underlying mechanisms of MMs are still not entirely clear. We report on the clinical, genetic, neurophysiological and neuroimaging findings of 10 of 26 living members of a novel four-generation family with congenital MMs. DCC and RAD51 were sequenced in affected members of the family. Five of the ten subjects with MMs underwent neurophysiological and neuroimaging evaluations. The neurophysiological evaluation consisted of electromyographic (EMG) mirror recordings, investigations of corticospinal excitability, and analysis of interhemispheric inhibition using transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques. The neuroimaging evaluation included functional MRI during finger movements. Eight (all females) of the ten members examined presented MMs of varying degrees at the clinical assessment. Transmission of MMs appears to have occurred according to an autosomal-dominant fashion with variable expression. No mutation in DCC or RAD51 was identified. EMG mirror activity was higher in MM subjects than in healthy controls. Short-latency interhemispheric inhibition was reduced in MM subjects. Ipsilateral motor-evoked potentials were detectable in the most severe case. The neuroimaging evaluation did not disclose any significant abnormalities in MM subjects. The variability of the clinical features of this family, and the lack of known genetic abnormalities, suggests that MMs are heterogeneous disorders. The pathophysiological mechanisms of MMs include abnormalities of transcallosal inhibition and corticospinal decussation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Fasano
- Movement Disorders Center TWH, UHN, Division of Neurology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | | | - Ennio Iezzi
- Neuromed Institute IRCCS Pozzilli (IS) Italy
| | - Luigi Pavone
- Innomed srl Pozzilli (IS) Italy.,Neurone" Foundation for Research in Neuropsychobiology and Clinical Neurosciences Rome Italy
| | - Myriam Srour
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center Montréal Québec Canada.,Montréal Children's Hospital Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill University Montréal Québec Canada
| | | | | | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montréal Neurological Institute Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill University Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Annie Levert
- Montréal Neurological Institute Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill University Montréal Québec Canada
| | | | - Claudio Colonnese
- Neuromed Institute IRCCS Pozzilli (IS) Italy.,Department of Neurology and Psychiatry Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- Neuromed Institute IRCCS Pozzilli (IS) Italy.,Department of Neurology and Psychiatry Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
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12
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Giampietro PF, Raggio CL, Blank RD, McCarty C, Broeckel U, Pickart MA. Clinical, genetic and environmental factors associated with congenital vertebral malformations. Mol Syndromol 2013; 4:94-105. [PMID: 23653580 DOI: 10.1159/000345329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital vertebral malformations (CVM) pose a significant health problem because they can be associated with spinal deformities, such as congenital scoliosis and kyphosis, in addition to various syndromes and other congenital malformations. Additional information remains to be learned regarding the natural history of congenital scoliosis and related health problems. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the process of somite formation, which gives rise to vertebral bodies, there is a wide gap in our understanding of how genetic factors contribute to CVM development. Maternal diabetes during pregnancy most commonly contributes to the occurrence of CVM, followed by other factors such as hypoxia and anticonvulsant medications. This review highlights several emerging clinical issues related to CVM, including pulmonary and orthopedic outcome in congenital scoliosis. Recent breakthroughs in genetics related to gene and environment interactions associated with CVM development are discussed. The Klippel-Feil syndrome which is associated with cervical segmentation abnormalities is illustrated as an example in which animal models, such as the zebrafish, can be utilized to provide functional evidence of pathogenicity of identified mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Giampietro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisc., USA
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13
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Papadopoulou M, Chairopoulos K, Anagnostou E, Kokotis P, Zambelis T, Karandreas N. Concurrent bilateral projection and activation of motor cortices in a patient with congenital mirror movements: A TMS study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2010; 112:824-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2010.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Thapa R, Mukherjee K. Seckel syndrome with asymptomatic tonsillar herniation and congenital mirror movements. J Child Neurol 2010; 25:231-3. [PMID: 19372093 DOI: 10.1177/0883073809332694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Seckel syndrome is a rare genetic disorder of recessive inheritance characterized by prenatal-onset growth retardation, abnormally small head, varying degrees of mental retardation and an unusual ''beak-like'' protrusion of the nose. Additionally, it is associated with multiple organ system anomalies, including that of the central nervous system. An 8-year-old male child with typical features of Seckel syndrome and asymptomatic cerebellar tonsillar herniation diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging associated with congenital mirror movements of the upper extremities is described. The child, additionally, had agenesis of the corpus callosum. Previously reported central nervous system anomalies associated with congenital mirror movements include corpus callosal agenesis and cranio-vertebral anomalies, both of which were present in this child. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of congenital mirror movements occurring in association with Seckel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajoo Thapa
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute of Child Health, Kolkata 700017, West Bengal, India.
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15
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van Grunsven W, Njiokiktjien C, Vuylsteke-Wauters M, Vranken M. Ontogenesis of laterality in 3- to 10-yr.-old children: increased unimanual independence grounded on improved bimanual motor function. Percept Mot Skills 2009; 109:3-29. [PMID: 19831084 DOI: 10.2466/pms.109.1.3-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Underlying sensorimotor factors, such as intermanual coupling, contributing to optimal laterality, long remain immature. Using the handmotor laterality blackboard, developmental change in symmetric bimanual motor function for 413 children in groups of 3 to 10 years of age shows synchronicity increased between groups 3 and 5 years of age; but between groups 5 and 7 years of age, given immature coupling, one hand may still disturb the movements of the other one. Between groups 7 and 9 years of age, the hands gradually stop disturbing each other and move independently and fluently. Changes in intermanual coupling with increasing unimanual independence represent expression of changing interhemispheric integration across groups. This promotes optimal laterality and task distribution between the hands. Maturation of the corpus callosum is inferred to be a factor in these ontogenetic changes which ultimately lead to optimal left hemisphere specialization for actions such as fluent writing.
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Affiliation(s)
- W van Grunsven
- Institute for Remediation of Learning Disabilities, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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16
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Srour M, Philibert M, Dion MH, Duquette A, Richer F, Rouleau GA, Chouinard S. Familial congenital mirror movements: report of a large 4-generation family. Neurology 2009; 73:729-31. [PMID: 19720981 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181b59bda] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Srour
- Hôpital Notre Dame, Unité des Troubles du Mouvement André Barbeau, 1560 rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal QC H2L 4M1, Canada
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17
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Two cases of septo-optic dysplasia-plus syndrome with epilepsy and mirror hand movements. Epilepsy Behav 2009; 15:245-8. [PMID: 19268717 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a rare developmental anomaly first described by Reeves. It is a heterogeneous condition defined loosely by any combination of optic nerve hypoplasia, pituitary hypoplasia, and midline neuroradiological malformations. The etiology of SOD remains unclear. SOD-plus is the association of SOD and disorders of neuronal organization. Herein we describe two patients with SOD-plus syndrome characterized by SOD with epilepsy and multiple skeletal and central nervous system abnormalities. These two cases indicate that SOD results from disorders in multiple developmental stages. In addition, this is the first report of SOD-plus syndrome with mirror hand movements. Advances in neuroradiological evaluation techniques enable the detection of associated central nervous system abnormalities that can be special characteristics for the diagnosis of the spectrum of SOD-plus.
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18
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Cincotta M, Ziemann U. Neurophysiology of unimanual motor control and mirror movements. Clin Neurophysiol 2008; 119:744-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Revised: 11/17/2007] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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RamachandranNair R, Otsubo H, Ochi A, Rutka J, Donner EJ. Mirror movements following cortical resection of polymicrogyria in a child with intractable epilepsy. Pediatr Neurol 2006; 34:135-8. [PMID: 16458827 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2005.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mirror movements may be congenital or acquired. There are few reports of acquired mirror movements in pediatric patients. Further, mirror movements in children with epilepsy have rarely been reported. A 9-year old male, with intractable partial epilepsy resulting from polymicrogyria of the right hemisphere, underwent cortical resection of the right frontotemporoparietal region for a malformation of cortical development. He developed left hemiplegia and mirror movements in the left hand in the postoperative period. Four months after surgery, he remained seizure-free with mild residual left-sided hemiplegia and persistent mirror movements. Mechanisms postulated for mirror movements include aberrant pyramidal tract development and transcallosal inhibitory pathways. The latter mechanism might have contributed to the mirror movements observed in this child. This study is the first report of mirror movements following focal cortical resection for intractable epilepsy due to polymicrogyria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh RamachandranNair
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Cincotta M, Borgheresi A, Balzini L, Vannucchi L, Zeloni G, Ragazzoni A, Benvenuti F, Zaccara G, Arnetoli G, Ziemann U. Separate ipsilateral and contralateral corticospinal projections in congenital mirror movements: Neurophysiological evidence and significance for motor rehabilitation. Mov Disord 2003; 18:1294-300. [PMID: 14639670 DOI: 10.1002/mds.10545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurophysiological hallmark of congenital mirror movements (MM) are fast-conducting corticospinal projections from the hand area of one primary motor cortex to both sides of the spinal cord. It is still unclear whether the abnormal ipsilateral projection originates through branching fibres from the normal contralateral projection or constitutes a separate ipsilateral projection. To clarify this question, we used focal paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to test task-related modulation of short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) in the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles of a 15-year-old girl (Patient 1) and a 40-year-old woman (Patient 2) with congenital MM. In both patients, during intended unilateral APB contraction, SICI decreased markedly in the "task" APB but remained unchanged in the "mirror" APB when compared to muscle rest. In contrast, spinal excitability as tested with H reflexes increased similarly in the task and mirror flexor carpi radialis muscles. This dissociation of task-related SICI modulation strongly supports the existence of a separate ipsilateral fast-conducting corticospinal projection. In Patient 1, we tested the functional significance of this separate ipsilateral projection during 7 months of motor rehabilitation training, which was designed to facilitate unilateral finger movements. A marked reduction of MM was observed after training, suggesting that unwanted mirror activity in the ipsilateral pathway can be suppressed by learning.
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Cincotta M, Borgheresi A, Ragazzoni A, Vanni P, Balestrieri F, Benvenuti F, Zaccara G, Ziemann U. Chapter 16 Motor control in mirror movements: studies with transcranial magnetic stimulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 56:175-80. [PMID: 14677392 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Cincotta
- U.O. di Neurologia, Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze, Ospedale S. Maria Nuova, Piazza S. Maria Nuova 1, 50122 Florence, Italy.
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O'Sullivan JD, Rothwell J, Lees AJ, Brown P. Bilaterally coherent tremor resembling enhanced physiological tremor: report of three cases. Mov Disord 2002; 17:387-91. [PMID: 11921129 DOI: 10.1002/mds.10097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of the central nervous system to tremor pathogenesis is unclear. Poor side-to-side coherence in physiological, essential, and parkinsonian tremors suggests distinct bilateral generators. By contrast, significant bilateral coherence demonstrated in orthostatic tremor and in enhanced physiological tremor (EPT) in patients with persistent mirror movements favours single or closely linked bilateral oscillators. We describe three patients (aged 21-37 years) who developed unusual bilateral postural and kinetic tremors at 6-13 Hz resembling EPT. The tremor involved all limbs, and in two cases the face or jaw, in the absence of other significant neurological features. Significant side-to-side coherence was demonstrated in each case using cross-correlation of electromyographic recordings from homologous muscle pairs. We postulate that these unusual tremors originate from a single brainstem source or from bilateral oscillators closely linked at or below this level.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D O'Sullivan
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
PURPOSE Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a complex hereditary connective tissue disorder infrequently reported in association with epilepsy. Seven patients with ages ranging from 28 to 70 years with EDS and epilepsy are described. METHODS Case review of clinical and diagnostic data. RESULTS Two patients had occipital horn syndrome (EDS type IX) and partial seizures of probable supplementary motor area origin. Of these two, one had an area of frontal gliosis and was able to abate his seizures by hyperextending his neck; the other had a Dandy Walker malformation and also had pseudoseizures. The third patient of the series had complex partial seizures, pain asymbolia, and basilar artery hypoplasia. The fourth had ictal aphasia, left hemispheric hypotrophy, and distal right arm and left leg atrophy. The fifth patient had focal seizures, a venous parietal angioma, hyperekplexia, nocturnal head oscillations (jactatio capitis nocturna), monoclonal gammopathy-associated neuropathy, and Tourette syndrome. The sixth had affective illness, chronic fatigue, and complex partial seizures with autoscopic phenomena after intracranial bleed. The seventh patient had a previous stroke, peripheral neuropathy, and grand mal seizures. CONCLUSIONS EDS may be accompanied by congenital or acquired central nervous system disorders and epilepsy. Additional neurologic conditions that are unrelated to EDS may be present.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Jacome
- Department of Medicine, Franklin Medical Center, Greenfield, Massachusetts, USA
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Pathophysiology of congenital mirror movements. J Clin Neurosci 1997; 4:69-74. [DOI: 10.1016/s0967-5868(97)90017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/1996] [Accepted: 04/17/1996] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mayer M, Bötzel K, Paulus W, Plendl H, Pröckl D, Danek A. Movement-related cortical potentials in persistent mirror movements. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1995; 95:350-8. [PMID: 7489664 DOI: 10.1016/0013-4694(95)00100-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mirror movements (MMs) are involuntary movements executed on one side of the body during voluntary movements of the contralateral homologous body parts which may abnormally persist into adulthood. In 6 subjects affected by persistent MM with autosomal dominant inheritance, movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) during self-paced, voluntary extensions of either the left or right middle finger were recorded from 30 EEG electrodes simultaneously with the electromyogram (EMG) of both extensor digitorum communis muscles. The negative potentials before and during EMG onset were evaluated statistically for the two electrodes next to the cortical hand areas. A comparison with 7 normal subjects revealed no marked differences for the Bereitschaftspotential (BP) and the negative slope (NS'). Only in the periods around EMG onset (from -50 to +50 msec) a significant difference between both groups was found. The MM subjects showed fairly symmetric potentials over the right and left hemispheres, whereas the potentials of the control subjects were lateralized to the hemisphere contralateral to the intended movement. No difference was found for the amplitude of the maximum negative peak of MRCP following EMG onset. Our data showed no evidence for a different type of movement preparation in MM subjects as compared to normals. We propose that the additional ipsilateral cortical activation around movement onset may be the cortical mechanism, which compensates for abnormal ipsilateral corticospinal pathways in subjects with persistent MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mayer
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
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