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Lenglart L, Roger C, Sampaio A, Coello Y. The role of object ownership on online inhibition in peripersonal space. Psychophysiology 2024:e14659. [PMID: 39072809 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Peripersonal space (PPS), as opposed to extrapersonal space (EPS), refers to the area surrounding the body within which individuals interact with objects or conspecifics. However, objects in PPS can belong to oneself or to others, which was found to influence how these objects are encoded. We analyzed the performances of motor responses in a reachability judgment task concerning self-owned and other-owned objects (cups) presented in PPS or EPS. EMG activities were recorded on the thumbs (flexor pollicis brevis) to detect correct and erroneous motor activations. Behavioral data showed that motor responses were shorter and longer for self-owned cups compared to other-owned cups in PPS and EPS, respectively. Ten percent of trials showed initial response errors, which were higher in the EPS for self-owned cups and in the PPS for other-owned cups. Eighty-two percent of these errors were corrected online, with corrections being more efficient for self-owned cups in the PPS. Overall, the data revealed that reachability judgments were faster and more accurate in the PPS, with more efficient inhibition processes in the presence of motor errors. Motor selection and correction are thus modulated by the social context of object ownership, highlighting the specific role of the PPS in encoding self-relevant objects for action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Lenglart
- CNRS, UMR 9193-SCALab-Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Clémence Roger
- CNRS, UMR 9193-SCALab-Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Adriana Sampaio
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab, Psychology Research Centre (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Yann Coello
- CNRS, UMR 9193-SCALab-Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Université de Lille, Lille, France
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Hiraoka K, Kodama K, Tani E, Tatsumi M, Tomoi T. Observing finger movement influences the stimulus-response process of the subsequent non-aiming finger movement. Somatosens Mot Res 2024; 41:56-62. [PMID: 36730968 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2023.2173166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present study investigated whether observing the finger movement influences the stimulus-response process of the subsequent non-aiming finger movement. METHODS Participants directed their eyes to the finger. Three auditory cues with 3 s intervals were provided in each trial. The participants abducted and adducted the index finger in response to the second and third cues; the first response was considered to be the previous response and the second response was considered to be the subsequent response. The time taken for the stimulus-response process was measured via reaction time. Vision was allowed from 0 to 1 s after the start cue of the previous response, after the cue of the subsequent response, or after the cues of the previous and subsequent responses. RESULTS Online visual information of the stationary finger accelerated the stimulus-response process of the non-aiming finger movement. The acceleration of the stimulus-response process induced by online visual information of the stationary finger was cancelled out by the previous response information, but this cancellation is itself then eliminated by the visual information from the previous response. The visual information from the previous response decelerated the stimulus-response process of the subsequent non-aiming movement, but this deceleration was then itself cancelled out by visual information of the stationary finger immediately before the subsequent non-aiming movement. CONCLUSION Taken together, information regarding the previous response functions as noise interfering with the processes contributing to the subsequent non-aiming movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Hiraoka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Habikino City, Japan
| | - Kohei Kodama
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino City, Japan
| | - Erika Tani
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino City, Japan
| | - Moe Tatsumi
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino City, Japan
| | - Takuya Tomoi
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino City, Japan
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Meltzer JA, Sivaratnam G, Deschamps T, Zadeh M, Li C, Farzan F, Francois-Nienaber A. Contrasting MEG effects of anodal and cathodal high-definition TDCS on sensorimotor activity during voluntary finger movements. FRONTIERS IN NEUROIMAGING 2024; 3:1341732. [PMID: 38379832 PMCID: PMC10875011 DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2024.1341732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Protocols for noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) are generally categorized as "excitatory" or "inhibitory" based on their ability to produce short-term modulation of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in peripheral muscles, when applied to motor cortex. Anodal and cathodal stimulation are widely considered excitatory and inhibitory, respectively, on this basis. However, it is poorly understood whether such polarity-dependent changes apply for neural signals generated during task performance, at rest, or in response to sensory stimulation. Methods To characterize such changes, we measured spontaneous and movement-related neural activity with magnetoencephalography (MEG) before and after high-definition transcranial direct-current stimulation (HD-TDCS) of the left motor cortex (M1), while participants performed simple finger movements with the left and right hands. Results Anodal HD-TDCS (excitatory) decreased the movement-related cortical fields (MRCF) localized to left M1 during contralateral right finger movements while cathodal HD-TDCS (inhibitory), increased them. In contrast, oscillatory signatures of voluntary motor output were not differentially affected by the two stimulation protocols, and tended to decrease in magnitude over the course of the experiment regardless. Spontaneous resting state oscillations were not affected either. Discussion MRCFs are thought to reflect reafferent proprioceptive input to motor cortex following movements. Thus, these results suggest that processing of incoming sensory information may be affected by TDCS in a polarity-dependent manner that is opposite that seen for MEPs-increases in cortical excitability as defined by MEPs may correspond to reduced responses to afferent input, and vice-versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed A. Meltzer
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Speech-language Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gayatri Sivaratnam
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tiffany Deschamps
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maryam Zadeh
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine Li
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Faranak Farzan
- School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Alex Francois-Nienaber
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Carvalho CR, Fernández JM, Del-Ama AJ, Oliveira Barroso F, Moreno JC. Review of electromyography onset detection methods for real-time control of robotic exoskeletons. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2023; 20:141. [PMID: 37872633 PMCID: PMC10594734 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electromyography (EMG) is a classical technique used to record electrical activity associated with muscle contraction and is widely applied in Biomechanics, Biomedical Engineering, Neuroscience and Rehabilitation Robotics. Determining muscle activation onset timing, which can be used to infer movement intention and trigger prostheses and robotic exoskeletons, is still a big challenge. The main goal of this paper was to perform a review of the state-of-the-art of EMG onset detection methods. Moreover, we compared the performance of the most commonly used methods on experimental EMG data. METHODS A total of 156 papers published until March 2022 were included in the review. The papers were analyzed in terms of application domain, pre-processing method and EMG onset detection method. The three most commonly used methods [Single (ST), Double (DT) and Adaptive Threshold (AT)] were applied offline on experimental intramuscular and surface EMG signals obtained during contractions of ankle and knee joint muscles. RESULTS Threshold-based methods are still the most commonly used to detect EMG onset. Compared to ST and AT, DT required more processing time and, therefore, increased onset timing detection, when applied on experimental data. The accuracy of these three methods was high (maximum error detection rate of 7.3%), demonstrating their ability to automatically detect the onset of muscle activity. Recently, other studies have tested different methods (especially Machine Learning based) to determine muscle activation onset offline, reporting promising results. CONCLUSIONS This study organized and classified the existing EMG onset detection methods to create consensus towards a possible standardized method for EMG onset detection, which would also allow more reproducibility across studies. The three most commonly used methods (ST, DT and AT) proved to be accurate, while ST and AT were faster in terms of EMG onset detection time, especially when applied on intramuscular EMG data. These are important features towards movement intention identification, especially in real-time applications. Machine Learning methods have received increased attention as an alternative to detect muscle activation onset. However, although several methods have shown their capability offline, more research is required to address their full potential towards real-time applications, namely to infer movement intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila R Carvalho
- Neural Rehabilitation Group, Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marvin Fernández
- Electronic Technology Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio J Del-Ama
- Electronic Technology Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Filipe Oliveira Barroso
- Neural Rehabilitation Group, Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan C Moreno
- Neural Rehabilitation Group, Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Palmer J, Bini R, Wundersitz D, Kingsley M. Criterion Validity of an Automated Method of Detecting Live Play Periods in Basketball. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:716014. [PMID: 34647018 PMCID: PMC8503514 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.716014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an automated method to detect live play periods from accelerometry-derived relative exercise intensity in basketball, and to assess the criterion validity of this method. Relative exercise intensity (% oxygen uptake reserve) was quantified for two men's semi-professional basketball matches. Live play period durations were automatically determined using a moving average sample window and relative exercise intensity threshold, and manually determined using annotation of video footage. The sample window duration and intensity threshold were optimised to determine the input parameters for the automated method that would result in the most similarity to the manual method. These input parameters were used to compare the automated and manual active play period durations in another men's semi-professional match and a women's professional match to assess the criterion validity of the automated method. The optimal input parameters were a 9-s sample window and relative exercise intensity threshold of 31% oxygen uptake reserve. The automated method showed good relative (ρ = 0.95–0.96 and ICC = 0.96–0.98, p < 0.01) and absolute (median bias = 0 s) agreement with the manual method. These findings support the use of an automated method using accelerometry-derived relative exercise intensity and a moving average sample window to detect live play periods in basketball.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Palmer
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Bini
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Wundersitz
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Kingsley
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia.,Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Lebleu J, Parry R, Bertouille C, de Schaetzen M, Mahaudens P, Wallard L, Detrembleur C. Variations in Patterns of Muscle Activity Observed in Participants Walking in Everyday Environments: Effect of Different Surfaces. Physiother Can 2021; 73:268-275. [PMID: 34456444 DOI: 10.3138/ptc-2019-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine variations in lower limb surface electromyography (EMG) activity when individuals walked on different outdoor surfaces and to characterize the different potential motor strategies. Method: Forty healthy adult participants walked at a self-selected speed over asphalt, grass, and pavement. They then walked on an indoor treadmill at the same gait speed as observed for each outdoor condition. The EMG activity of the vastus lateralis (VL), tibialis anterior (TA), biceps femoris (BF), and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) muscles was recorded, and the duration and intensity (root mean square) of EMG burst activity was calculated. Results: Walking on grass resulted in a longer TA burst duration than walking on other outdoor surfaces. Walking on pavement was associated with increased intensity of TA and VL activation compared with the indoor treadmill condition. The variability of EMG intensity for all muscle groups tested (TA, GL, BF, VL) was greatest on grass and lowest on asphalt. Conclusions: The muscle activity patterns of healthy adult participants vary in response to the different qualities of outdoor walking surfaces. Ongoing development of ambulatory EMG methods will be required to support gait retraining programmes that are tailored to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Lebleu
- Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ross Parry
- Faculté des Sciences de la motricité, Kinésithérapie et Réadaptation, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, Belgium
| | - Camille Bertouille
- Service d'orthopédie et de traumatologie de l'appareil locomoteur, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marine de Schaetzen
- Service d'orthopédie et de traumatologie de l'appareil locomoteur, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Mahaudens
- Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire interdisciplinaire en Neurosciences, Physiologie et Psychologie, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Laura Wallard
- Laboratoire d'Automatique de Mécanique et d'Informatique Industrielles et Humaines, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UML), Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, Valenciennes, France
| | - Christine Detrembleur
- Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Kowalski E, Catelli DS, Lamontagne M. Comparing the Accuracy of Visual and Computerized Onset Detection Methods on Simulated Electromyography Signals with Varying Signal-to-Noise Ratios. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:jfmk6030070. [PMID: 34449669 PMCID: PMC8395734 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromyography (EMG) onsets determined by computerized detection methods have been compared against the onsets selected by experts through visual inspection. However, with this type of approach, the true onset remains unknown, making it impossible to determine if computerized detection methods are better than visual detection (VD) as they can only be as good as what the experts select. The use of simulated signals allows for all aspects of the signal to be precisely controlled, including the onset and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This study compared three onset detection methods: approximated generalized likelihood ratio, double threshold (DT), and VD determined by eight trained individuals. The selected onset was compared against the true onset in simulated signals which varied in the SNR from 5 to 40 dB. For signals with 5 dB SNR, the VD method was significantly better, but for SNRs of 20 dB or greater, no differences existed between the VD and DT methods. The DT method is recommended as it can improve objectivity and reduce time of analysis when determining EMG onsets. Even for the best-quality signals (SNR of 40 dB), all the detection methods were off by 15-30 ms from the true onset and became progressively more inaccurate as the SNR decreased. Therefore, although all the detection methods provided similar results, they can be off by 50-80 ms from the true onset as the SNR decreases to 10 dB. Caution must be used when interpreting EMG onsets, especially on signals where the SNR is low or not reported at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Kowalski
- Human Movement Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (E.K.); (D.S.C.)
| | - Danilo S. Catelli
- Human Movement Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (E.K.); (D.S.C.)
| | - Mario Lamontagne
- Human Movement Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (E.K.); (D.S.C.)
- Division of Orthopeadic Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Crotty ED, Furlong LAM, Hayes K, Harrison AJ. Onset detection in surface electromyographic signals across isometric explosive and ramped contractions: a comparison of computer-based methods. Physiol Meas 2021; 42. [PMID: 33725688 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/abef56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Accurate identification of surface electromyography (EMG) muscle onset is vital when examining short temporal parameters such as electromechanical delay. The visual method is considered the 'gold standard' in onset detection. Automatic detection methods are commonly employed to increase objectivity and reduce analysis time, but it is unclear if they are sensitive enough to accurately detect EMG onset when relating them to short-duration motor events.Approach. This study aimed to determine: (1) if automatic detection methods could be used interchangeably with visual methods in detecting EMG onsets (2) if the Teager-Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) as a conditioning step would improve the accuracy of popular EMG onset detection methods. The accuracy of three automatic onset detection methods: approximated generalized likelihood ratio (AGLR), TKEO, and threshold-based method were examined against the visual method. EMG signals from fast, explosive, and slow, ramped isometric plantarflexor contractions were evaluated using each technique.Main results. For fast, explosive contractions, the TKEO was the best-performing automatic detection method, with a low bias level (4.7 ± 5.6 ms) and excellent intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.993, however with wide limits of agreement (LoA) (-6.2 to +15.7 ms). For slow, ramped contractions, the AGLR with TKEO conditioning was the best-performing automatic detection method with the smallest bias (11.3 ± 32.9 ms) and excellent ICC (0.983) but produced wide LoA (-53.2 to +75.8 ms). For visual detection, the inclusion of TKEO conditioning improved inter-rater and intra-rater reliability across contraction types compared with visual detection without TKEO conditioning.Significance. In conclusion, the examined automatic detection methods are not sensitive enough to be applied when relating EMG onset to a motor event of short duration. To attain the accuracy needed, visual detection is recommended. The inclusion of TKEO as a conditioning step before visual detection of EMG onsets is recommended to improve visual detection reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan D Crotty
- Biomechanics Research Unit, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Laura-Anne M Furlong
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Hayes
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrew J Harrison
- Biomechanics Research Unit, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Neurodevelopment of Posture-movement Coordination from Late Childhood to Adulthood as Assessed From Bimanual Load-lifting Task: An Event-related Potential Study. Neuroscience 2021; 457:125-138. [PMID: 33428967 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In a bimanual task, proprioception provides information about position and movement of upper arms. Developmental studies showed improvement of proprioceptive accuracy and timing adjustments of muscular events from childhood to adulthood in bimanual tasks. However, the cortical maturational changes related to bimanual coordination is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate cortical correlates underlying motor planning and upper limb stabilization performance at left (C3) and right (C4) sensorimotor cortices using event-related potential (ERP) analyses. We recruited 46 participants divided into four groups (12 children: 8-10 years, 13 early adolescents: 11-13 years, 11 late adolescents: 14-16 years and 10 young adults: 20-35 years). Participants performed a bimanual load-lifting task, where the left postural arm supported the load and the right motor arm lifted the load. Maximal amplitude of elbow rotation (MA%) of the postural arm, reaction time (RT) and EMG activity of biceps brachii bilaterally were computed. Laplacian-transformed ERPs of the electroencephalographic (EEG) signal response-locked to motor arm biceps EMG activity onset were analyzed over C3 and C4. We found a developmental effect for behavioral and EEG data denoted by significant decrease of MA% and RT with age, earlier inhibition of the biceps brachii of the postural arm in adults and earlier EEG activation/inhibition onset at C3/C4. Amplitude of the negative wave at C4 was higher in children and early adolescents compared to the other groups. In conclusion, we found a maturational process in cortical correlates related to motor planning and upper limb stabilization performance with interhemispheric lateralization appearing during adolescence. Findings may serve documenting bimanual performance in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Rashid U, Niazi IK, Signal N, Farina D, Taylor D. Optimal automatic detection of muscle activation intervals. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2019; 48:103-111. [PMID: 31299564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant challenge in surface electromyography (sEMG) is the accurate identification of onsets and offsets of muscle activations. Manual labelling and automatic detection are currently used with varying degrees of reliability, accuracy and time efficiency. Automatic methods still require significant manual input to set the optimal parameters for the detection algorithm. These parameters usually need to be adjusted for each individual, muscle and movement task. We propose a method to automatically identify optimal detection parameters in a minimally supervised way. The proposed method solves an optimisation problem that only requires as input the number of activation bursts in the sEMG in a given time interval. This approach was tested on an extended version of the widely adopted double thresholding algorithm, although the optimisation could be applied to any detection algorithm. sEMG data from 22 healthy participants performing a single (ankle dorsiflexion) and a multi-joint (step on/off) task were used for evaluation. Detection rate, concordance, F1 score as an average of sensitivity and precision, degree of over detection, and degree of under detection were used as performance metrices. The proposed method improved the performance of the double thresholding algorithm in multi-joint movement and had the same performance in single joint movement with respect to the performance of the double thresholding algorithm with task specific global parameters. Moreover, the proposed method was robust when an error of up to ±10% was introduced in the number of activation bursts in the optimisation phase regardless of the movement. In conclusion, our optimised method has improved the automation of a sEMG detection algorithm which may reduce the time burden associated with current sEMG processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Rashid
- Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Imran Khan Niazi
- Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand; SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark.
| | - Nada Signal
- Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Dario Farina
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Denise Taylor
- Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
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An EEG Experimental Study Evaluating the Performance of Texas Instruments ADS1299. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18113721. [PMID: 30388836 PMCID: PMC6263632 DOI: 10.3390/s18113721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Texas Instruments ADS1299 is an attractive choice for low cost electroencephalography (EEG) devices owing to its low power consumption and low input referred noise. To date, there have been no rigorous evaluations of its performance. In this EEG experimental study we evaluated the performance of the ADS1299 against a high quality laboratory-based system. Two self-paced lower limb motor tasks were performed by 22 healthy participants. Recorded power across delta, theta, alpha, and beta EEG bands, the power ratio across the motor tasks, pre-movement noise, and signal-to-noise ratio were obtained for evaluation. The amplitude and time of the negative peak in the movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) extracted from the EEG data were also obtained. Using linear mixed models, no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in any of these measures across the two systems. These findings were further supported by evaluation of cosine similarity, waveform differences, and topographic maps. There were statistically significant differences in MRCPs across the motor tasks in both systems. We conclude that the performance of the ADS1299 in combination with wet Ag/AgCl electrodes is analogous to that of a laboratory-based system in a low frequency (<40 Hz) EEG recording.
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12
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Fluchère F, Burle B, Vidal F, van den Wildenberg W, Witjas T, Eusebio A, Azulay JP, Hasbroucq T. Subthalamic nucleus stimulation, dopaminergic treatment and impulsivity in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2018; 117:167-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Ramdani C, Vidal F, Dagher A, Carbonnell L, Hasbroucq T. Dopamine and response selection: an Acute Phenylalanine/Tyrosine Depletion study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1307-1316. [PMID: 29427079 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of dopaminergic system in decision-making is well documented, and evidence suggests that it could play a significant role in response selection processes. The N-40 is a fronto-central event-related potential, generated by the supplementary motor areas (SMAs) and a physiological index of response selection processes. The aim of the present study was to determine whether infraclinical effects of dopamine depletion on response selection processes could be evidenced via alterations of the N-40. We obtained a dopamine depletion in healthy volunteers with the acute phenylalanine and tyrosine depletion (APTD) method which consists in decreasing the availability of dopamine precursors. Subjects realized a Simon task in the APTD condition and in the control condition. When the stimulus was presented on the same side as the required response, the stimulus-response association was congruent and when the stimulus was presented on the opposite side of the required response, the stimulus-response association was incongruent. The N-40 was smaller for congruent associations than for incongruent associations. Moreover, the N-40 was sensitive to the level of dopaminergic activity with a decrease in APTD condition compared to control condition. This modulation of the N-40 by dopaminergic level could not be explained by a global decrease of cerebral electrogenesis, since negativities and positivities indexing the recruitment of the primary motor cortex (anatomically adjacent to the SMA) were unaffected by APTD. The specific sensitivity of N-40 to ATPD supports the model of Keeler et al. (Neuroscience 282:156-175, 2014) according to which the dopaminergic system is involved in response selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Ramdani
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
| | - Franck Vidal
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix-Marseille Univ/CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Thierry Hasbroucq
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix-Marseille Univ/CNRS, Marseille, France
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Gait in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Effect of surgery at 10 years of follow-up. Gait Posture 2018; 61:141-148. [PMID: 29353740 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess radiological and gait biomechanical changes before, at one and 10 years after surgery in AIS patients. METHODS This clinical prospective study included fifteen adult women (mean[SD] age: 26 [1] years) diagnosed with thoraco-lumbar/lumbar AIS and operated 10 years ago. Clinical, radiological and gait variables, including kinematics, electromyography (EMG), mechanics and energetics were compared between presurgery (S0), 1 year (S1) and 10 years (S2) postsurgery period using a one way repeated measure ANOVA. RESULTS The Cobb angle of the scoliosis curve was reduced by 55% at 1 year postsugery but only by 37% at 10 years postsurgery suggesting a loss of 32% over time. Frontal plumb line C7-S1 distance was significantly improved by surgery (-44%) and remained stable at 10 years postsurgery. Lower limb kinematics was not affected by the surgery at long term. Excessive bilateral activation of lombo-pelvic muscles, observed before surgery, decreased significantly at S1 and S2 period. Mechanical energy increased significantly between S0, S1 and S2 session, without any change for the energetic variables. CONCLUSIONS Between 1 and 10 years post-surgery, thoraco-lumbar/lumbar AIS women showed a few decompensation of the curve without any change of the improved frontal body balance. Lower limbs and pelvic motion, during gait, was not affected by the surgery. But presurgical excessive EMG activity of the lumbo-pelvic muscle and reduced mechanical energy produced to walk get similar to normal patterns. Only the oxygen consumption remained excessive probably due to physical deconditioning or postural instability.
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Meckler C, Carbonnell L, Ramdani C, Hasbroucq T, Vidal F. On-line action monitoring of response execution: An electrophysiological study. Biol Psychol 2017; 129:178-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tenan MS, Tweedell AJ, Haynes CA. Analysis of statistical and standard algorithms for detecting muscle onset with surface electromyography. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177312. [PMID: 28489897 PMCID: PMC5425195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing of muscle activity is a commonly applied analytic method to understand how the nervous system controls movement. This study systematically evaluates six classes of standard and statistical algorithms to determine muscle onset in both experimental surface electromyography (EMG) and simulated EMG with a known onset time. Eighteen participants had EMG collected from the biceps brachii and vastus lateralis while performing a biceps curl or knee extension, respectively. Three established methods and three statistical methods for EMG onset were evaluated. Linear envelope, Teager-Kaiser energy operator + linear envelope and sample entropy were the established methods evaluated while general time series mean/variance, sequential and batch processing of parametric and nonparametric tools, and Bayesian changepoint analysis were the statistical techniques used. Visual EMG onset (experimental data) and objective EMG onset (simulated data) were compared with algorithmic EMG onset via root mean square error and linear regression models for stepwise elimination of inferior algorithms. The top algorithms for both data types were analyzed for their mean agreement with the gold standard onset and evaluation of 95% confidence intervals. The top algorithms were all Bayesian changepoint analysis iterations where the parameter of the prior (p0) was zero. The best performing Bayesian algorithms were p0 = 0 and a posterior probability for onset determination at 60–90%. While existing algorithms performed reasonably, the Bayesian changepoint analysis methodology provides greater reliability and accuracy when determining the singular onset of EMG activity in a time series. Further research is needed to determine if this class of algorithms perform equally well when the time series has multiple bursts of muscle activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Tenan
- United States Army Research Laboratory, Human Research and Engineering Directorate, Integrated Capability Enhancement Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew J. Tweedell
- United States Army Research Laboratory, Human Research and Engineering Directorate, Integrated Capability Enhancement Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States of America
| | - Courtney A. Haynes
- United States Army Research Laboratory, Human Research and Engineering Directorate, Integrated Capability Enhancement Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States of America
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De Letter M, Vanhoutte S, Aerts A, Santens P, Vermeersch H, Roche N, Stillaert F, Blondeel P, Van Lierde K. Facial nerve regeneration after facial allotransplantation: A longitudinal clinical and electromyographic follow-up of lip movements during speech. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2017; 70:729-733. [PMID: 28351610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Facial allotransplantation constitutes a reconstructive option after extensive damage to facial structures. Functional recovery has been reported but remains an issue. CASE REPORT - METHODS A patient underwent facial allotransplantation after a ballistic injury with extensive facial tissue damage. Speech motor function was sequentially assessed clinically, along with repeated electromyography of lip movements during a follow-up of 3 years. RESULTS Facial nerve recovery could be demonstrated within the first month, followed by a gradual increase in electromyographic amplitude and decrease in reaction times. These were accompanied by gradual improvement of clinical assessments. CONCLUSIONS Axonal recovery starts early after transplantation. Electromyographic testing is sensitive in demonstrating this early recovery, which ultimately results in clinical improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miet De Letter
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium.
| | | | - Annelies Aerts
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | | | - Hubert Vermeersch
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Roche
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Filip Stillaert
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Philip Blondeel
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
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Suzuki K, Kita Y, Sakihara K, Hirata S, Sakuma R, Okuzumi H, Inagaki M. Uniqueness of action monitoring in children with autism spectrum disorder: Response types and temporal aspects. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2016; 39:803-816. [PMID: 27998199 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2016.1266308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Action monitoring, the process for evaluating the appropriateness of one's own actions, is reported to be atypical in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHOD We examined the characteristics of action monitoring in 11 children with ASD and 12 children with typical development (TD), analyzing stimulus-locked and response-locked event-related potential components (i.e., N2; error-related negativity, ERN; and error positivity, Pe) related to execution of a flanker task. RESULTS We found a smaller N2 amplitude in children with ASD than in those with TD. Children with ASD also had a larger amplitude of ERN for partial error responses (electromyographic activity corresponding to the inappropriate hand side before response execution) than did children with TD. Additionally, the ERN amplitude for the partial error response was correlated with the Autistic Mannerisms of the Social Responsiveness Scale. There were no significant differences in Pe amplitudes between children with ASD and those with TD. CONCLUSION The results suggest that action monitoring in children with ASD is significantly different both before and after response execution. We hypothesized that the detail-focused processing style of ASD reduces the demands of action monitoring before response execution; however, autistic mannerisms evoke excessive concern regarding trivial mistakes after response execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Suzuki
- a Department of Developmental Disorders , National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP) , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yosuke Kita
- a Department of Developmental Disorders , National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP) , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kotoe Sakihara
- a Department of Developmental Disorders , National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP) , Tokyo , Japan.,b Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology , Teikyo University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shogo Hirata
- c Department of Elementary Education , Ibaraki Christian University , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Ryusuke Sakuma
- a Department of Developmental Disorders , National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP) , Tokyo , Japan.,d Graduate School of Liberal Arts , Shirayuri College , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okuzumi
- e Department of Special Needs Education , Faculty of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masumi Inagaki
- a Department of Developmental Disorders , National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP) , Tokyo , Japan
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Gorgy O, Vercher JL, Coyle T, Buloup F. Coordination of Upper and Lower Body during Balance Recovery following a Support Translation. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 105:715-32. [DOI: 10.2466/pms.105.3.715-732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Strategies for recovery of posture were studied after lateral mechanical perturbations. 11 participants standing in tandem stance were unexpectedly submitted to lateral support translations with the eyes open or closed at two translation amplitudes. The trajectories of the center of mass of the upper and lower body and muscle activities allowed identification of three strategies, involving either the ankle or the hip only, or both. Hip use increased with vision and with amplitude of perturbation. Short-to-medium latency electromyographic activities were observed in leg and trunk muscles, and long-latency responses in the back leg muscles. Vision increased the activity of both leg and trunk muscles but did not influence the onset of the muscular responses. These data suggest a hierarchy in the selection of these different strategies: the hip is mobilized when the perturbation is more destabilizing but this strategy has a cost and needs specific sensory information supplied by vision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thelma Coyle
- CNRS, University of the Mediterranean, Marseille
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Servant M, White C, Montagnini A, Burle B. Linking Theoretical Decision-making Mechanisms in the Simon Task with Electrophysiological Data: A Model-based Neuroscience Study in Humans. J Cogn Neurosci 2016; 28:1501-21. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A current challenge for decision-making research is in extending models of simple decisions to more complex and ecological choice situations. Conflict tasks (e.g., Simon, Stroop, Eriksen flanker) have been the focus of much interest, because they provide a decision-making context representative of everyday life experiences. Modeling efforts have led to an elaborated drift diffusion model for conflict tasks (DMC), which implements a superimposition of automatic and controlled decision activations. The DMC has proven to capture the diversity of behavioral conflict effects across various task contexts. This study combined DMC predictions with EEG and EMG measurements to test a set of linking propositions that specify the relationship between theoretical decision-making mechanisms involved in the Simon task and brain activity. Our results are consistent with a representation of the superimposed decision variable in the primary motor cortices. The decision variable was also observed in the EMG activity of response agonist muscles. These findings provide new insight into the neurophysiology of human decision-making. In return, they provide support for the DMC model framework.
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Watanabe T, Ishida K, Tanabe S, Nojima I. Preparatory state and postural adjustment strategies for choice reaction step initiation. Neuroscience 2016; 332:140-8. [PMID: 27393247 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A loud auditory stimulus (LAS) presented simultaneously with a visual imperative stimulus can reduce reaction time (RT) by automatically triggering a movement prepared in the brain and has been used to investigate a movement preparation. It is still under debate whether or not a response is prepared in advance in RT tasks involving choice responses. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the preparatory state of anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) during a choice reaction step initiation. Thirteen young adults were asked to step forward in response to a visual imperative stimulus in two choice stepping conditions: (i) the responding side is not known and must be selected and (ii) the responding side is known but whether to initiate or inhibit a step response must be selected. LAS was presented randomly and simultaneously with the visual imperative stimulus. LAS significantly increased the occurrence rates of inappropriately initiated APAs while reducing the RTs of correct and incorrect trials in both task conditions, demonstrating that LAS triggered the prepared APA automatically. This observation suggests that APAs are prepared in advance and withheld from release until the appropriate timing during a choice reaction step initiation. The preparatory activity of APAs might be modulated by the inhibitory activity required by the choice tasks. The preparation strategy may be chosen for fast responses and is judged most suitable to comply with the tasks because inappropriately initiated APAs can be corrected without making complete stepping errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunori Watanabe
- Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi 461-8673, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ishida
- Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi 461-8673, Japan
| | - Shigeo Tanabe
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Ippei Nojima
- Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi 461-8673, Japan.
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When will a stuttering moment occur? The determining role of speech motor preparation. Neuropsychologia 2016; 86:93-102. [PMID: 27106391 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate whether increased activity related to speech motor preparation preceding fluently produced words reflects a successful compensation strategy in stuttering. For this purpose, a contingent negative variation (CNV) was evoked during a picture naming task and measured by use of electro-encephalography. A CNV is a slow, negative event-related potential known to reflect motor preparation generated by the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical (BGTC) - loop. In a previous analysis, the CNV of 25 adults with developmental stuttering (AWS) was significantly increased, especially over the right hemisphere, compared to the CNV of 35 fluent speakers (FS) when both groups were speaking fluently (Vanhoutte et al., (2015) doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.05.013). To elucidate whether this increase is a compensation strategy enabling fluent speech in AWS, the present analysis evaluated the CNV of 7 AWS who stuttered during this picture naming task. The CNV preceding AWS stuttered words was statistically compared to the CNV preceding AWS fluent words and FS fluent words. Though no difference emerged between the CNV of the AWS stuttered words and the FS fluent words, a significant reduction was observed when comparing the CNV preceding AWS stuttered words to the CNV preceding AWS fluent words. The latter seems to confirm the compensation hypothesis: the increased CNV prior to AWS fluent words is a successful compensation strategy, especially when it occurs over the right hemisphere. The words are produced fluently because of an enlarged activity during speech motor preparation. The left CNV preceding AWS stuttered words correlated negatively with stuttering frequency and severity suggestive for a link between the left BGTC - network and the stuttering pathology. Overall, speech motor preparatory activity generated by the BGTC - loop seems to have a determining role in stuttering. An important divergence between left and right hemisphere is hypothesized.
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Sommer K, van der Molen MW, De Pascalis V. BIS/BAS sensitivity and emotional modulation in a prepulse-inhibition paradigm: A brain potential study. Physiol Behav 2016; 154:100-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Using Covert Response Activation to Test Latent Assumptions of Formal Decision-Making Models in Humans. J Neurosci 2015; 35:10371-85. [PMID: 26180211 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0078-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Most decisions that we make build upon multiple streams of sensory evidence and control mechanisms are needed to filter out irrelevant information. Sequential sampling models of perceptual decision making have recently been enriched by attentional mechanisms that weight sensory evidence in a dynamic and goal-directed way. However, the framework retains the longstanding hypothesis that motor activity is engaged only once a decision threshold is reached. To probe latent assumptions of these models, neurophysiological indices are needed. Therefore, we collected behavioral and EMG data in the flanker task, a standard paradigm to investigate decisions about relevance. Although the models captured response time distributions and accuracy data, EMG analyses of response agonist muscles challenged the assumption of independence between decision and motor processes. Those analyses revealed covert incorrect EMG activity ("partial error") in a fraction of trials in which the correct response was finally given, providing intermediate states of evidence accumulation and response activation at the single-trial level. We extended the models by allowing motor activity to occur before a commitment to a choice and demonstrated that the proposed framework captured the rate, latency, and EMG surface of partial errors, along with the speed of the correction process. In return, EMG data provided strong constraints to discriminate between competing models that made similar behavioral predictions. Our study opens new theoretical and methodological avenues for understanding the links among decision making, cognitive control, and motor execution in humans. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Sequential sampling models of perceptual decision making assume that sensory information is accumulated until a criterion quantity of evidence is obtained, from where the decision terminates in a choice and motor activity is engaged. The very existence of covert incorrect EMG activity ("partial error") during the evidence accumulation process challenges this longstanding assumption. In the present work, we use partial errors to better constrain sequential sampling models at the single-trial level.
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Vanhoutte S, Santens P, Cosyns M, van Mierlo P, Batens K, Corthals P, De Letter M, Van Borsel J. Increased motor preparation activity during fluent single word production in DS: A correlate for stuttering frequency and severity. Neuropsychologia 2015; 75:1-10. [PMID: 26004061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Suarez I, Burle B, Tobon C, Pineda D, Lopera F, Hasbroucq T, Casini L. Deciphering interference control in adults with ADHD by using distribution analyses and electromyographic activity. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2015; 159:85-92. [PMID: 26057599 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A deficit in "interference control" is commonly found in adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This has mainly been interpreted as difficulties in inhibiting inappropriate responses. However, interference control involves processes other than simply the ability to inhibit. Consequently, we used sophisticated analysis to decipher the additional processes of interference control in these patients. We compared interference control between 16 adults with ADHD and 15 control adults performing a Simon task. In most studies, performance is generally reported in terms of mean error rates and reaction times (RTs). However, here we used distribution analyses of behavioral data, complemented by analyses of electromyographic (EMG) activity. This allowed us to better quantify the control of interference, specifically the part that remains hidden when pure correct trials are not distinguished from partial errors. Partial errors correspond to sub-threshold EMG bursts induced by incorrect responses that immediately precede a correct response. Moreover, besides "online" control, we also investigated cognitive control effects manifesting across consecutive trials. The main findings were that adults with ADHD were slower and showed a larger interference effect in comparison to controls. However, the data revealed that the larger interference effect was due neither to higher impulse expression, nor to a deficit in inhibition but that these patients presented a larger interference effect than the controls after congruent trials. We propose and discuss the hypothesis that the interference control deficit found in adults with ADHD is secondary to impairments in sustained attention.
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Distributional reaction time properties in the Eriksen task: marked differences or hidden similarities with the Simon task? Psychon Bull Rev 2015; 21:1003-10. [PMID: 24302468 PMCID: PMC4104006 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-013-0561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In conflict tasks, the irrelevant stimulus attribute needs to be suppressed for the correct response to be produced. In the Simon task, earlier researchers have proposed that this suppression is the reason that, after an initial increase, the interference effect decreases for longer RTs, as reflected by late, negative-going delta plots. This view has been challenged by observations of positive-going delta plots, even for long RTs, in other conflict tasks, despite a similar necessity for suppression. For late negative-going delta plots to be interpreted as reflecting suppression, a necessary, although maybe not sufficient, condition is that similar patterns should be observed for other conflict tasks. We reasoned that a similar suppression could be present, but hidden, in the Eriksen flanker task. By recording and analyzing electromyograms of the muscles involved in response execution, we could compute delta plots separately for trials that elicited a subthreshold incorrect response activation (partial error). Late negative-going delta plots were observable on partial-error trials, although they were weaker than for the Simon task, reducing the impact of this inversion on the overall distribution. We further showed that this pattern is modulated by time pressure. Those results indicate that mechanisms leading to negative-going delta plots, similar to those observed in the Simon task, are also at play in the Eriksen task. The link between negative-going delta plots and executive online control is discussed.
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Campagnoli RR, Krutman L, Vargas CD, Lobo I, Oliveira JM, Oliveira L, Pereira MG, David IA, Volchan E. Preparing to caress: a neural signature of social bonding. Front Psychol 2015; 6:16. [PMID: 25674068 PMCID: PMC4309179 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
It is assumed that social bonds in humans have consequences for virtually all aspects of behavior. Social touch-based contact, particularly hand caressing, plays an important role in social bonding. Pre-programmed neural circuits likely support actions (or predispositions to act) toward caressing contacts. We searched for pre-set motor substrates toward caressing by exposing volunteers to bonding cues and having them gently stroke a very soft cloth, a caress-like movement. The bonding cues were pictures with interacting dyads and the control pictures presented non-interacting dyads. We focused on the readiness potential, an electroencephalographic marker of motor preparation that precedes movement execution. The amplitude of the readiness potential preceding the grasping of pleasant emotional-laden stimuli was previously shown to be reduced compared with neutral ones. Fingers flexor electromyography measured action output. The rationale here is that stroking the soft cloth when previously exposed to bonding cues, a compatible context, would result in smaller amplitudes of readiness potentials, as compared to the context with no such cues. Exposure to the bonding pictures increased subjective feelings of sociability and decreased feelings of isolation. Participants who more frequently engage in mutual caress/groom a "significant other" in daily life initiated the motor preparation earlier, reinforcing the caress-like nature of the task. As hypothesized, readiness potentials preceding the caressing of the soft cloth were significantly reduced under exposure to bonding as compared to control pictures. Furthermore, an increased fingers flexor electromyographic activity was identified under exposure to the former as compared to the latter pictures. The facilitatory effects are likely due to the recruitment of pre-set cortical motor repertoires related to caress-like movements, emphasizing the distinctiveness of neural signatures for caress-like movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela R. Campagnoli
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laura Krutman
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurophysiology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal FluminenseNiterói, Brazil
| | - Claudia D. Vargas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela Lobo
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurophysiology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal FluminenseNiterói, Brazil
| | - Jose M. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leticia Oliveira
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurophysiology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal FluminenseNiterói, Brazil
| | - Mirtes G. Pereira
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurophysiology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal FluminenseNiterói, Brazil
| | - Isabel A. David
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurophysiology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal FluminenseNiterói, Brazil
| | - Eliane Volchan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Mille ML, Simoneau M, Rogers MW. Postural dependence of human locomotion during gait initiation. J Neurophysiol 2014; 112:3095-103. [PMID: 25231611 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00436.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation of human walking involves postural motor actions for body orientation and balance stabilization that must be effectively integrated with locomotion to allow safe and efficient transport. Our ability to coordinately adapt these functions to environmental or bodily changes through error-based motor learning is essential to effective performance. Predictive compensations for postural perturbations through anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) that stabilize mediolateral (ML) standing balance normally precede and accompany stepping. The temporal sequencing between these events may involve neural processes that suppress stepping until the expected stability conditions are achieved. If so, then an unexpected perturbation that disrupts the ML APAs should delay locomotion. This study investigated how the central nervous system (CNS) adapts posture and locomotion to perturbations of ML standing balance. Healthy human adults initiated locomotion while a resistance force was applied at the pelvis to perturb posture. In experiment 1, using random perturbations, step onset timing was delayed relative to the APA onset indicating that locomotion was withheld until expected stability conditions occurred. Furthermore, stepping parameters were adapted with the APAs indicating that motor prediction of the consequences of the postural changes likely modified the step motor command. In experiment 2, repetitive postural perturbations induced sustained locomotor aftereffects in some parameters (i.e., step height), immediate but rapidly readapted aftereffects in others, or had no aftereffects. These results indicated both rapid but transient reactive adaptations in the posture and gait assembly and more durable practice-dependent changes suggesting feedforward adaptation of locomotion in response to the prevailing postural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Mille
- Université de Toulon, La Garde, France; Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Unité Mixte de Recherche 7287, Marseille, France; Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Martin Simoneau
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University Medical School, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Mark W Rogers
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Rochet N, Spieser L, Casini L, Hasbroucq T, Burle B. Detecting and correcting partial errors: Evidence for efficient control without conscious access. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2014; 14:970-82. [PMID: 24347086 PMCID: PMC4125819 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-013-0232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate reactions to erroneous actions are essential to keeping behavior adaptive. Erring, however, is not an all-or-none process: electromyographic (EMG) recordings of the responding muscles have revealed that covert incorrect response activations (termed "partial errors") occur on a proportion of overtly correct trials. The occurrence of such "partial errors" shows that incorrect response activations could be corrected online, before turning into overt errors. In the present study, we showed that, unlike overt errors, such "partial errors" are poorly consciously detected by participants, who could report only one third of their partial errors. Two parameters of the partial errors were found to predict detection: the surface of the incorrect EMG burst (larger for detected) and the correction time (between the incorrect and correct EMG onsets; longer for detected). These two parameters provided independent information. The correct(ive) responses associated with detected partial errors were larger than the "pure-correct" ones, and this increase was likely a consequence, rather than a cause, of the detection. The respective impacts of the two parameters predicting detection (incorrect surface and correction time), along with the underlying physiological processes subtending partial-error detection, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Rochet
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7291, Fédération de Recherche 3C, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS, Case C, 3, Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - L. Spieser
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7291, Fédération de Recherche 3C, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS, Case C, 3, Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - L. Casini
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7291, Fédération de Recherche 3C, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS, Case C, 3, Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - T. Hasbroucq
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7291, Fédération de Recherche 3C, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS, Case C, 3, Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - B. Burle
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7291, Fédération de Recherche 3C, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS, Case C, 3, Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
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31
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Mahaudens P, Raison M, Banse X, Mousny M, Detrembleur C. Effect of long-term orthotic treatment on gait biomechanics in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine J 2014; 14:1510-9. [PMID: 24314903 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT A previous study showed subtle biomechanical changes in the gait of unbraced adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients such as a reduction of pelvic, hip, knee, and ankle displacements. However, lumbopelvic muscles' timing activity was bilaterally increased during gait and correlated to excessive oxygen consumption as compared with healthy subjects. Usually, a brace, when indicated, is worn strictly for 22 hours every day in skeletally immature idiopathic scoliotic girls. To our knowledge, no study has assessed the long-term brace effect (6 months) on functional activities such as level walking. PURPOSE To assess the stiffening effects of 6 months' brace wearing on instrumented gait analysis in girls with thoracolumbar/lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Clinical prospective study. PATIENT SAMPLE Thirteen girls diagnosed as progressive adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with left thoracolumbar/lumbar curves (curves ranging 25°-40°). OUTCOME MEASURES All patients underwent a radiographic and instrumented gait analysis, including assessment of kinematics, mechanics, electromyography (EMG), and energetics of walking. METHODS The scoliotic girls were prospectively studied at S1 (before bracing) and 6 months later at S2 (out-brace: treatment effect). The gait parameters were compared with those of 13 matched healthy girls. A t paired test was conducted to evaluate the effect of the 6-month orthotic treatment in AIS girls. Student t test was performed to compare the scoliotic group at S2 and the healthy subjects to identify if the observed changes in gait parameters meant improvement or worsening of gait. RESULTS After 6 months of orthotic treatment in AIS, thoracolumbar/lumbar curves and apical rotation remained reduced by 25% and 61%, respectively. During gait, frontal pelvis and hip motions were significantly increased. Muscular mechanical work increased becoming closer but still different as compared with healthy subjects. Bilateral lumbopelvic muscles were almost 40% more active in AIS at S1 compared with healthy subjects and did not change at S2 except for the erector spinae muscles EMG activity, which decreased significantly. Energy cost exceeded by 30% in AIS at S1 compared with healthy subjects and did not change at 6 months' follow-up. CONCLUSIONS After 6 months of orthotic treatment, in an out-brace situation, the main structural thoracolumbar/lumbar curve remained partly corrected. Frontal pelvis and hip motion increased, contributing to an improvement of muscular mechanical work during walking. EMG activity duration of lumbopelvic muscles did not change except for the erector spinae muscles, which was decreased but without any beneficial change in the energy cost of walking. In summary, brace treatment, after 6 months, did not significantly influence the gait variables in AIS girls deleteriously, but did not reduce the excessive energy cost, which was 30% above the values of normal adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Mahaudens
- Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, 12, Ave. Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Institute of NeuroScience, Université Catholique de Louvain, 53, Ave. Mounier, Bte B1.53.04, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Maxime Raison
- Institute Research Chair in Pediatric Rehabilitation Engineering, École Polytechnique and Centre de Réadaptation Marie Enfant (CRME) Bureau GR-123, 5200 rue Bélanger Est, H1T 1C9 Sainte-Justine, Montréal QC, Canada
| | - Xavier Banse
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, 53, Ave. Mounier, Bte B1.53.04, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maryline Mousny
- Service d'Orthopédie et de Traumatologie de L'Appareil Locomoteur, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 12, Ave. Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Detrembleur
- Institute of NeuroScience, Université Catholique de Louvain, 53, Ave. Mounier, Bte B1.53.04, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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van de Laar MC, van den Wildenberg WPM, van Boxtel GJM, van der Molen MW. Development of response activation and inhibition in a selective stop-signal task. Biol Psychol 2014; 102:54-67. [PMID: 25014630 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To gain more insight into the development of action control, the current brain potential study examined response selection, activation, and selective inhibition during choice- and stop-signal processing in three age groups (8-, 12-, and 21-year-olds). Results revealed that age groups differed in the implementation of proactive control; children slowed their go response and showed reduced cortical motor output compared to adults. On failed inhibition trials, children were less able than adults to suppress muscle output resulting in increased partial-inhibition rates. On invalid stop trials, all age groups initially activated, subsequently inhibited, and then reactivated the go response. Yet, children were less efficient in implementing this strategy. Then, older children recruit motor responses to a greater extent than younger children and adults, which reduced the efficiency of implementing response inhibition and proactive control. The results are discussed in relation to current notions of developmental change in proactive and reactive action control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C van de Laar
- Amsterdam Center for the Study of Adaptive Control in Brain and Behavior (Acacia), Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wery P M van den Wildenberg
- Amsterdam Center for the Study of Adaptive Control in Brain and Behavior (Acacia), Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maurits W van der Molen
- Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Roger C, Núñez Castellar E, Pourtois G, Fias W. Changing your mind before it is too late: The electrophysiological correlates of online error correction during response selection. Psychophysiology 2014; 51:746-60. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Roger
- Department of Experimental Psychology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Université Lille Nord de France; Lille France
- URECA; UDL3; Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Elena Núñez Castellar
- Department of Experimental Psychology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Department of Communication Sciences; iMinds-MICT-Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Gilles Pourtois
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Wim Fias
- Department of Experimental Psychology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
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Bonini F, Burle B, Liégeois-Chauvel C, Régis J, Chauvel P, Vidal F. Action monitoring and medial frontal cortex: leading role of supplementary motor area. Science 2014; 343:888-91. [PMID: 24558161 DOI: 10.1126/science.1247412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The capacity to evaluate the outcomes of our actions is fundamental for adapting and optimizing behavior and depends on an action-monitoring system that assesses ongoing actions and detects errors. The neuronal network underlying this executive function, classically attributed to the rostral cingulate zone, is poorly characterized in humans, owing to the limited number of direct neurophysiological data. Using intracerebral recordings, we show that the leading role is played by the supplementary motor area (SMA), which rapidly evaluates successful and erroneous actions. The rostral part of medial prefrontal cortex, driven by the SMA, was activated later and exclusively in the case of errors. This suggests a hierarchical organization of the different frontal regions involved in implementation of action monitoring and error processing.
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35
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Silva L, Marta S, Vaz J, Fernandes O, Castro MA, Pezarat-Correia P. Trunk muscle activation during golf swing: Baseline and threshold. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2013; 23:1174-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Tillin NA, Pain MT, Folland JP. Identification of contraction onset during explosive contractions. Response to Thompson et al. “Consistency of rapid muscle force characteristics: Influence of muscle contraction onset detection methodology” [J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2012;22(6):893–900]. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2013; 23:991-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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37
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Very short-term effect of brace wearing on gait in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis girls. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2013; 22:2399-406. [PMID: 23702685 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-013-2837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescent idiopathic scoliotic (AIS) deformity induces excessive oxygen consumption correlated to a bilateral increase of lumbo-pelvic muscles timing activity (EMG) during gait. Wearing a brace, the usual treatment for AIS, by supporting the spine and the pelvis, would generate lumbo-pelvic muscular relaxation and consequently reduce excessive oxygen consumption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term effect of bracing on gait biomechanics in scoliotic spine when compared with normal braced spine. METHODS Thirteen healthy volunteers were compared to 13 AIS girls. In both samples, gait analysis was assessed using a three-dimensional motion analysis, including synchronous kinematic, electromyographic, mechanical and energy measurements, first without brace, then wearing a brace. RESULTS For scoliotic patients, comparison of in-brace and out-brace situations revealed a significant decrease of frontal pelvis (p < 0.001), hip (p < 0.001) and shoulder (p = 0.004) motion in brace associated with a significant reduction of pelvis rotation (p = 0.003). However, the brace did not change significantly the lumbo-pelvic muscle activity duration (EMG) or the mechanical and energetic parameters. Transversal pelvis motion was reduced by 39% (p = 0.04), frontal hip and shoulder motions by 23% (p = 0.004) and 30% (p = 0.01) respectively, and energy cost of walking remained increased by 37% in braced AIS girls relatively to braced healthy subjects. Mechanical and electromyographic variables were not significantly different between the two braced populations during gait except for the gluteus medius muscle that showed bilaterally an increase of duration of electrical activity in healthy subjects and contrarily a decrease in AIS patients (healthy: -3.5 ± 9.6% of gait cycle vs. scoliotic: 3.7 ± 7.7% of gait cycle; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Bracing changed neither the oxygen consumption nor the timing of the lumbo-pelvic muscles activity in both groups during gait. However, in brace the timing activity of bilateral gluteus medius muscles tended to decrease in AIS patients and increase in healthy subjects. Moreover, braced AIS patients had more restricted frontal hips and shoulder motion as well as pelvis rotation than braced healthy subjects.
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38
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Tandonnet C, Garry MI, Summers JJ. Decision making and action implementation: evidence for an early visually triggered motor activation specific to potential actions. Psychophysiology 2013; 50:701-10. [PMID: 23679153 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To make a decision may rely on accumulating evidence in favor of one alternative until a threshold is reached. Sequential-sampling models differ by the way of accumulating evidence and the link with action implementation. Here, we tested a model's prediction of an early action implementation specific to potential actions. We assessed the dynamics of action implementation in go/no-go and between-hand choice tasks by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex (single- or paired-pulse TMS; 3-ms interstimulus interval). Prior to implementation of the selected action, the amplitude of the motor evoked potential first increased whatever the visual stimulus but only for the hand potentially involved in the to-be-produced action. These findings suggest that visual stimuli can trigger an early motor activation specific to potential actions, consistent with race-like models with continuous transmission between decision making and action implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Tandonnet
- Human Movement and Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
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39
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Carbonnell L, Ramdani C, Meckler C, Burle B, Hasbroucq T, Vidal F. The N-40: an electrophysiological marker of response selection. Biol Psychol 2013; 93:231-6. [PMID: 23454519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A frontocentral electrophysiological wave occurring before the response, the N-40, has been reported in response choice situations compared to no-choice situations. This was interpreted as reflecting response selection. The gradual sensitivity of the N-40 to the demands put on response choice was tested by manipulating stimulus-response (S-R) congruence so as to influence response selection processes. After Laplacian transformation, an N-40 clearly emerged and was larger for incongruent (more demanding) than for congruent (less demanding) S-R associations. The N-40, which possibly reflects SMA activation, thus provides information about the implementation of response selection in the brain.
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40
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Effects of personality trait emotionality on acoustic startle response and prepulse inhibition including N100 and P200 event-related potential. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 124:292-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Top-down modulation of brain activity underlying intentional action and its relationship with awareness of intention: an ERP/Laplacian analysis. Exp Brain Res 2013; 229:347-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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42
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Barlaam F, Fortin C, Vaugoyeau M, Schmitz C, Assaiante C. Development of action representation during adolescence as assessed from anticipatory control in a bimanual load-lifting task. Neuroscience 2012; 221:56-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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43
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Jesunathadas M, Aidoor SS, Keenan KG, Farina D, Enoka RM. Influence of amplitude cancellation on the accuracy of determining the onset of muscle activity from the surface electromyogram. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2012; 22:494-500. [PMID: 22330887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to quantify the influence of amplitude cancellation on the accuracy of detecting the onset of muscle activity based on an analysis of simulated surface electromyographic (EMG) signals. EMG activity of a generic lower limb muscle was simulated during the stance phase of human gait. Surface EMG signals were generated with and without amplitude cancellation by summing simulated motor unit potentials either before (cancellation EMG) or after (no-cancellation EMG) the potentials had been rectified. The two sets of EMG signals were compared at forces of 30% and 80% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and with various low-pass filter cut-off frequencies. Onset time was determined both visually and by an algorithm that identified when the mean amplitude of the signal within a sliding window exceeded a specified standard deviation (SD) above the baseline mean. Onset error was greater for the no-cancellation conditions when determined automatically and by visual inspection. However, the differences in onset error between the two cancellation conditions appear to be clinically insignificant. Therefore, amplitude cancellation does not appear to limit the ability to detect the onset of muscle activity from the surface EMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Jesunathadas
- Neurophysiology of Movement Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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van de Laar MC, van den Wildenberg WP, van Boxtel GJ, Huizenga HM, van der Molen MW. Lifespan changes in motor activation and inhibition during choice reactions: A Laplacian ERP study. Biol Psychol 2012; 89:323-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Tandonnet C, Davranche K, Meynier C, Burle B, Vidal F, Hasbroucq T. How does temporal preparation speed up response implementation in choice tasks? Evidence for an early cortical activation. Psychophysiology 2011; 49:252-60. [PMID: 22092144 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of temporal preparation on information processing. Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the primary motor cortex was delivered during a between-hand choice task. The time interval between the warning and the imperative stimulus varied across blocks of trials was either optimal (500 ms) or nonoptimal (2500 ms) for participants' performance. Silent period duration was shorter prior to the first evidence of response selection for the optimal condition. Amplitude of the motor evoked potential specific to the responding hand increased earlier for the optimal condition. These results revealed an early release of cortical inhibition and a faster integration of the response selection-related inputs to the corticospinal pathway when temporal preparation is better. Temporal preparation may induce cortical activation prior to response selection that speeds up the implementation of the selected response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Tandonnet
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition, Aix-Marseille Université and Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Marseille, France.
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Praamstra P, Torney L, Rawle CJ, Miall RC. Misconceptions about mirror-induced motor cortex activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 21:1935-40. [PMID: 21228100 PMCID: PMC3138518 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhq270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Observation of self-produced hand movements through a mirror, creating an illusion of the opposite hand moving, was recently reported to induce ipsilateral motor cortex activation, that is, motor cortex activation for the hand in rest. The reported work goes far beyond earlier work on motor cortex activation induced by action observation, by implying a complete reversal of contralateral and ipsilateral motor cortex activation under mirror view conditions. Such a reversal would represent an unprecedented degree of neural plasticity. We considered such a reversal physiologically implausible and conducted a study with an improved design. The results refute the reversal of contralateral and ipsilateral motor cortex activation under mirrored viewing conditions as methodologically unsound. The investigation confirmed, however, more subtle expressions of motor cortical activity induced by self-produced movements observed through a mirror.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Praamstra
- Behavioural Brain Sciences Centre, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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JADIDI F, WANG K, ARENDT-NIELSEN L, SVENSSON P. Effects of different stimulus locations on inhibitory responses in human jaw-closing muscles. J Oral Rehabil 2010; 38:487-500. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2010.02177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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48
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Tandonnet C, Garry MI, Summers JJ. Selective suppression of the incorrect response implementation in choice behavior assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Psychophysiology 2010; 48:462-9. [PMID: 20825580 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Tandonnet
- School of Psychology, Human Movement and Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
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Rigoni D, Brass M, Sartori G. Post-action determinants of the reported time of conscious intentions. Front Hum Neurosci 2010; 4:38. [PMID: 20508746 PMCID: PMC2876876 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2010.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The question of whether our behavior is guided by our conscious intentions is gaining momentum within the field of cognitive neuroscience. It has been demonstrated that the subjective experience that conscious intentions are the driving force of our actions, is built partially on a post hoc reconstruction. Our hypothesis was that this reconstructive process is mediated by an action-monitoring system that compares the predicted and the actual sensory consequences of an action. We applied event-related potentials (ERP) to a variant of the Libet's task in which participants were asked to press a button and to report the time of decision – will judgment (W) – to press. We provided delayed auditory feedbacks after participants’ action to signify an action time later than the actual action. We found that auditory feedbacks evoked a negative component in the 250–300 time range, namely action-effect negativity (NAE), that is thought to reflect the activity of a system that detects violation from expectancies. We showed that the amplitude of the NAE was sensitive to the delay of the auditory feedback, with a larger amplitude for more delayed feedbacks. Furthermore, changes in the NAE were also associated with changes in the reported W. These results not only confirm that we infer the time we decided to act from events occurring after the response, but these results also indicate that the subjective experience of when an action is decided is influenced by the activity of an action-monitoring system that detects mismatches between predicted and actual sensory consequences of the actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Rigoni
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, Università degli Studi di Padova Padova, Italy
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TILLIN NEALEA, JIMENEZ-REYES PEDRO, PAIN MATTHEWTG, FOLLAND JONATHANP. Neuromuscular Performance of Explosive Power Athletes versus Untrained Individuals. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42:781-90. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181be9c7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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