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Villafane Barraza V, Voegtle A, de Matos Mansur B, Reichert C, Nasuto SJ, Sweeney-Reed CM. Parietal cortical alpha/beta suppression during prospective memory retrieval. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11235-11246. [PMID: 37804246 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) impairment is among the most frequent memory complaints, yet little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. PM for a planned intention may be achieved through strategic monitoring of the environment for cues, involving ongoing attentional processes, or through spontaneous retrieval. We hypothesized that parietal spectral power modulation accompanies prospectively encoded intention retrieval, irrespective of PM retrieval approach. A cognitively engaging arithmetic-based ongoing task (OGT) was employed to encourage spontaneous retrieval, with a focal, internally generated PM cue to eliminate OGT/PM trial differentiation based on perceptual or conceptual PM cue features. Two PM repetition frequencies were used to vary the extent of strategic monitoring. We observed a transient parietal alpha/beta spectral power reduction directly preceding the response, which was distinguishable on a single trial basis, as revealed by an OGT/PM trial classification rate exceeding 70% using linear discriminant analysis. The alpha/beta idling rhythm reflects cortical inhibition. A disengagement of task-relevant neural assemblies from this rhythm, reflected in alpha/beta power reduction, is deemed to increase information content, facilitate information integration, and enable engagement of neural assemblies in task-related cortical networks. The observed power reduction is consistent with the Dual Pathways model, where PM strategies converge at the PM retrieval stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Villafane Barraza
- Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Angela Voegtle
- Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bruno de Matos Mansur
- Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Reichert
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Slawomir J Nasuto
- Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering Division, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M Sweeney-Reed
- Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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2
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Cantarella G, Mastroberardino S, Bisiacchi P, Macaluso E. Prospective memory: the combined impact of cognitive load and task focality. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:1425-1441. [PMID: 37356055 PMCID: PMC10335960 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Prospective Memory (PM) entails a set of executive processes primarily associated with the activation of frontal and parietal regions. Both the number of PM-targets to be monitored (i.e. task load) and the relationship between the type of PM-targets and the ongoing (ONG) task (i.e. task focality) can impact executive monitoring and PM performance. In the present imaging study, we manipulated load and focality of an event-based PM task to test the hypothesis that common resources engage in situations requiring high levels of cognitive control: that is, in high-load (i.e. monitor multiple PM-targets) and non-focal conditions (i.e. monitor at the same time letters' identity and color). We investigated monitoring-related and detection-related processes by assessing behavior and brain activity separately for ONG trials (monitoring) and PM-targets (detection). At the behavioral level, we found a significant interaction between load and focality during detection, with slowest reaction times for focal, high-load PM-targets. The imaging analyses of the detection phase revealed the activation of the left intraparietal sulcus in the high-load conditions. Both in the monitoring and the detection phases, we found overlapping effects of non-focality and low-load in the fusiform gyrus. Our results suggest that under low-load conditions, cognitive control operates via early selection mechanisms in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex. By contrast, high-load conditions entail control at later processing stages within the dorsal parietal cortex. We conclude that load and focality operate via different mechanisms, with the level of task load largely determining how cognitive control selects the most relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cantarella
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat, 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - S Mastroberardino
- Department of Human and Educational Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - P Bisiacchi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, Padua, Italy
| | - E Macaluso
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, IMPACT, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, 69500, Bron, France
- NeuroImaging Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Crook-Rumsey M, Howard CJ, Hadjiefthyvoulou F, Sumich A. Neurophysiological markers of prospective memory and working memory in typical ageing and mild cognitive impairment. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 133:111-125. [PMID: 34839236 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prospective memory (PM) -the memory of delayed intentions- is impacted by age-related cognitive decline. The current event-related potential study investigates neural mechanisms underpinning typical and atypical (Mild Cognitive Impairment, MCI) age-related decline in PM. METHODS Young adults (YA, n = 30, age = 24.7, female n = 13), healthy older adults (OA, n = 39, age = 72.87, female n = 24) and older adults with MCI (n = 27, age = 77.54, female n = 12) performed two event-based PM tasks (perceptual, conceptual) superimposed on an ongoing working memory task. Electroencephalographic data was recorded from 128 electrodes. Groups were compared for P2 (higher order perceptual processing), N300/frontal positivity (cue detection), the parietal positivity (retrieval), reorienting negativity (RON; attention shifting). RESULTS Participants with MCI had poorer performance (ongoing working memory task, conceptual PM), lower P2 amplitudes, and delayed RON (particularly for perceptual PM) than YA and OA. MCI had lower parietal positivity relative to YA only. YA had earlier latencies for the parietal positivity than MCI and OA, and lower amplitudes for N300 (than OA) and frontal positivity (than OA and MCI). CONCLUSIONS Impaired attention and working memory may underpin PM deficits in MCI. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study to document the role of RON in PM and to investigate neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning PM in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Crook-Rumsey
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, NG1 4BU, UK; Knowledge Engineering and Discovery Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, 1010, New Zealand.
| | | | | | - Alexander Sumich
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, NG1 4BU, UK; Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, 1010, New Zealand
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Nowak K, Costa-Faidella J, Dacewicz A, Escera C, Szelag E. Altered event-related potentials and theta oscillations index auditory working memory deficits in healthy aging. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 108:1-15. [PMID: 34464912 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Speech comprehension deficits constitute a major issue for an increasingly aged population, as they may lead older individuals to social isolation. Since conversation requires constant monitoring, updating and selecting information, auditory working memory decline, rather than impoverished hearing acuity, has been suggested a core factor. However, in stark contrast to the visual domain, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying auditory working memory deficits in healthy aging remain poorly understood, especially those related to on-the-fly information processing under increasing load. Therefore, we investigated the behavioral costs and electrophysiological differences associated with healthy aging and working memory load during continuous auditory processing. We recorded EEG activity from 27 younger (∼25 years) and 29 older (∼70 years) participants during their performance on an auditory version of the n-back task with speech syllables and 2 workload levels (1-back; 2-back). Behavioral measures were analyzed as indices of function; event-related potentials as proxies for sensory and cognitive processes; and theta oscillatory power as a reflection of memory and central executive function. Our results show age-related differences in auditory information processing within a latency range that is consistent with a series of impaired functions, from sensory gating to cognitive resource allocation during constant information updating, especially under high load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Nowak
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jordi Costa-Faidella
- Brainlab - Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Anna Dacewicz
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carles Escera
- Brainlab - Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elzbieta Szelag
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Laera G, Arcara G, Gajewski PD, Kliegel M, Hering A. Age-related modulation of EEG time-frequency responses in prospective memory retrieval. Neuropsychologia 2021; 155:107818. [PMID: 33675856 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective memory involves remembering to execute an intention at the appropriate moment (prospective component) as well as retrieving the intended action (retrospective component). Several electrophysiological studies showed that neural activity associated with the prospective and the retrospective component differed between older and younger adults. However, these studies mainly reported event-related potentials (ERP), without considering other oscillatory parameters of age-related neural modulations that might be associated with the two components. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we analysed electrophysiological data to describe the age-related patterns of brain oscillations associated with the prospective and the retrospective components of prospective memory. METHODS The prospective and the retrospective components were manipulated in two experiments. In experiment 1, the prospective component was manipulated by varying the cue distinctiveness (i.e., how easy it was to detect the cue based on colour). In experiment 2, the retrospective component was manipulated by varying the number of intentions to be remembered (i.e., one or two intentions). We used time-frequency analysis to characterise the EEG oscillatory activity in younger and older adults. RESULTS The prospective component was associated with age differences in alpha and beta frequency bands. Compared to younger adults, older adults showed a decrease of parietal alpha activity when they detected distinct prospective memory cues, and a decrease of parietal beta when they detected less distinct cues. Moreover, older adults showed less beta activity compared to the younger adults across experimental manipulations. No age differences emerged with respect to the retrospective component. CONCLUSIONS The specific pattern of oscillatory activity associated with the prospective component in older adults could underlie the dynamic deployment of different attentional resources supporting cue detection. Moreover, beta activity in both experiments might support an attempt exerted by older adults to enhance task coordination processes. Overall, cluster-based permutation analyses provided a first description of the changes of the EEG time-frequency responses related to intention retrieval in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianvito Laera
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research: LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives', Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | - Patrick D Gajewski
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research: LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives', Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Hering
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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Matos P, Pereira DR, Albuquerque PB, Santos FH. How Does Performing Demanding Activities Influence Prospective Memory? A Systematic Review. Adv Cogn Psychol 2020; 16:268-290. [PMID: 33149797 PMCID: PMC7594016 DOI: 10.5709/acp-0302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is the first systematic review on the role of ongoing task load in prospective remembering, which was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Forty articles published between 1995 and 2020 were included. They evaluated prospective memory (PM) performance (i.e., the ability to remember to execute a delayed intention) in adult samples aged between 19 and 50 years old when the PM cue appeared under cognitively demanding conditions. The results revealed that people are more likely to fail to remember to perform a delayed intention at the appropriate circumstances or time in the future when their cognitive resources are taxed by demanding ongoing activities. We conclude the review by highlighting that the degree of working memory and executive resources seems to account for some of the discrepant findings and by proposing directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Matos
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal1
| | | | | | - Flávia H Santos
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland2
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Hering A, Wild-Wall N, Falkenstein M, Gajewski PD, Zinke K, Altgassen M, Kliegel M. Beyond prospective memory retrieval: Encoding and remembering of intentions across the lifespan. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 147:44-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ballhausen N, Lauffs MM, Herzog MH, Kliegel M. Investigating prospective memory via eye tracking: No evidence for a monitoring deficit in older adults. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 146:107-116. [PMID: 31655183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) refers to remembering to perform intended actions in the future. Older adults in particular have been shown to be negatively affected by PM tasks that require a high amount of attentional resources (i.e., nonfocal tasks). This age-related PM deficit has been attributed to reduced target monitoring in this age group older adults. However, this conclusion was based on indirect measures of monitoring, such as costs of the ongoing task. The present study set out to 1) investigate older adults' PM target monitoring by, for the first time, employing a direct measure (i.e., eye tracking), 2) assess differences in monitoring between PM tasks that differ in their focality, and 3) examine whether differences in PM monitoring can indeed explain older adults' reduced PM performance in nonfocal tasks. Results demonstrate that while older, but not younger adults, showed reduced performance in a nonfocal PM task, overt monitoring (eye movements) of these groups did not differ between focality conditions. Further analyses showed that older adults' performance was still reduced on the strategically more demanding task after controlling for overt target monitoring (i.e., including only trials in which the participant monitored). In contrast to indirect measures of cue monitoring, our findings illustrate that older adults' deficits on nonfocal PM tasks cannot (exclusively) be explained by reduced monitoring. Instead, processing that takes place after target monitoring are discussed as possible mechanisms underlying older adults' reduced PM performance in nonfocal tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ballhausen
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre of Competences in Research LIVES-Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - M M Lauffs
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - M H Herzog
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - M Kliegel
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre of Competences in Research LIVES-Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
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Age-related changes in neural mechanisms of prospective memory. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 18:982-999. [PMID: 29926283 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-0617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The capability to remember and execute intentions in the future - termed prospective memory (PM) - may be of special significance for older adults to enable successful completion of important activities of daily living. Despite the importance of this cognitive function, mixed findings have been obtained regarding age-related decline in PM, and, currently, there is limited understanding of potential contributing mechanisms. In the current study, older (N=41) and younger adults (N=47) underwent task-functional MRI during performance of PM conditions that encouraged either spontaneous retrieval (Focal) or sustained attentional monitoring (Non-focal) to detect PM targets. Older adults exhibited a reduction in PM-related sustained activity within the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) and associated dorsal frontoparietal cognitive control network, due to an increase in non-specific sustained activation in (no-PM) control blocks (i.e., an age-related compensatory shift). Transient PM-trial specific activity was observed in both age groups within a ventral parietal memory network that included the precuneus. However, within a left posterior inferior parietal node of this network, transient PM-related activity was selectively reduced in older adults during the non-focal condition. These age differences in sustained and transient brain activity statistically mediated age-related declines in PM performance, and were potentially linked via age-related changes in functional connectivity between the aPFC and precuneus. Together, they support an account consistent with the Dual Mechanisms of Control framework, in which age-related PM declines are due to neural mechanisms that support proactive cognitive control processes, such as sustained attentional monitoring, while leaving reactive control mechanisms relatively spared.
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Möschl M, Walser M, Surrey C, Miller R. Prospective memory under acute stress: The role of (output) monitoring and ongoing-task demands. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 164:107046. [PMID: 31323256 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to postpone retrieval and execution of intended actions until the appropriate situation (PM cue) has come, while engaging in other ongoing activities or tasks. In everyday live we often perform PM tasks in stressful situations. While it has been shown that acute stress does not impair PM-cue identification and intention retrieval, little is known about acute stress effects on PM performance and memory for having performed an action (output monitoring) under varying ongoing-task demands. Here we investigated this in eighty healthy participants who performed event-based PM tasks during low- and high-demanding ongoing working memory tasks after having undergone either a standardized stress induction (Maastricht Acute Stress Test) or a standardized control protocol. Successful stress induction in the stress group compared to the no-stress group was confirmed by increased salivary cortisol, an indicator of stress-related hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenal axis activity, throughout the event-based PM tasks. Nevertheless, not-only PM-cue identification but also output monitoring remained fully intact after stress induction. The absence of these effects was independent of ongoing-task demands. Nonetheless, we replicated recent findings of a stress-induced reduction in performance cost of monitoring for PM-cue occurrences. Taken together our findings suggest that acute stress alters PM monitoring by enhancing selective attention, decreasing PM response thresholds or by shifting performance towards more automatic processes in PM, while not affecting PM-cue identification and output monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Möschl
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Moritz Walser
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Caroline Surrey
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Miller
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Barker RM, Bialystok E. Processing differences between monolingual and bilingual young adults on an emotion n-back task. Brain Cogn 2019; 134:29-43. [PMID: 31108367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Bilingualism is associated with enhancement of executive control (EC) across the lifespan. Working memory and non-verbal emotion regulation both draw upon EC mechanisms so may also be affected by bilingualism, but these relationships are not fully understood. These relationships were explored using an n-back task with distracting emotional stimuli administered to young adults while continuous EEG was recorded. Monolinguals were faster but less accurate on the 2-back than bilinguals, and monolingual accuracy was more impeded by the presence of emotional stimuli than was that of bilinguals. The P300 event-related potential, a neural signature of working memory processing in the n-back, had smaller amplitudes in both groups on the 2-back than the 1-back, but attenuation in response to distracting emotional stimuli was greater for bilinguals than monolinguals. P300 latencies were also differentially affected by emotional stimuli in each group: Bilingual latencies were constant across emotions but monolingual latencies increased from neutral to angry conditions. In general, bilingual performance was less impacted by the emotional distraction than was that of the monolinguals. Additionally, bilinguals adjusted to the changing demands of the 1-back and 2-back conditions by recruiting neural networks to support different behavioral outcomes than monolinguals.
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Rodrigues JDC, Muller JDL, Esteves C, Fonseca RP, Parente MADMP, Salles JFD. Efeito de Idade e Escolaridade no Instrumento de Avaliação Neuropsicológica Breve NEUPSILIN. PSICO-USF 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712018230211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Neste estudo, investigaram-se efeitos de idade e escolaridade e suas interações no desempenho de adultos no Instrumento de Avaliação Neuropsicológica Breve NEUPSILIN, que avalia orientação têmporo-espacial, atenção, percepção, memória, linguagem, calculias, praxias e funções executivas. Participaram 627 adultos saudáveis (19 a 90 anos), divididos em três grupos, conforme escolaridade (1 a 4, 5 a 8 e 9 anos ou mais de estudo) e em quatro grupos por idade (19 a 39, 40 a 59, 60 a 75 e 76 a 90 anos). Encontraram-se efeitos de idade e escolaridade em atenção, percepção, memória (de trabalho, verbal episódica, semântica, visual e prospectiva), linguagem oral e escrita, praxias e funções executivas. Interações entre idade e escolaridade foram encontradas em atenção, memória verbal, linguagem oral e escrita. Os resultados destacam que o envelhecimento e a escolaridade impactam de forma heterogênea nas funções cognitivas, assim como os testes neuropsicológicos brasileiros devem sempre considerar a influência dessas variáveis para produzir seus dados normativos.
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When children forget to remember: Effects of reduced working memory availability on prospective memory performance. Mem Cognit 2018; 45:651-663. [PMID: 27987114 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-016-0682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The preparatory attentional and memory processes theory (PAM) of prospective memory (PM) proposes that prospective remembering is influenced by the variation in the availability of WM resources. Consequently, PM should be impaired when WM resources are reduced either by direct WM manipulation or by individual differences associated with restricted WM performance. Our study tested this prediction in school-age children by examining the independent and interactive effects of three factors known to deplete availability of WM resources: increased processing demands of a concurrent arithmetic task, additional WM span requirements, and high trait anxiety. A sample of 10-year-old children (N = 128) performed a PM task, embedded in an ongoing arithmetic task, which progressively imposed greater WM processing demands. Half of these participants also concurrently carried out an embedded WM span task. The results supported the PAM hypothesis, showing that children's PM was compromised by the restriction of WM resources, whether this resulted from increasing the processing demands on the ongoing task, from imposing additional WM span requirements, or from high trait anxiety. However, these WM-depleting factors exerted additive effects rather than an interactive impact, suggesting that they might each deplete different aspects of WM resource availability necessary for prospective remembering. Overall findings imply that children's PM success is not only associated to their WM capacity but it mostly depends upon how many of those WM resources are available to be devoted to the PM requirement.
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Hering A, Kliegel M, Bisiacchi PS, Cona G. The Influence of Emotional Material on Encoding and Retrieving Intentions: An ERP Study in Younger and Older Adults. Front Psychol 2018; 9:114. [PMID: 29503622 PMCID: PMC5820342 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective memory is a cognitive process that comprises the encoding and maintenance of an intention until the appropriate moment of its retrieval. It is of highly relevance for an independent everyday life, especially in older adults; however, there is ample evidence that prospective memory declines with increasing age. Because most studies have used neutral stimuli, it is still an open question how emotional factors influence age-related differences in prospective remembering. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of emotional material on prospective memory encoding, monitoring, maintaining, and retrieval in younger and older adults using behavioral and electrophysiological measures. We tested 24 younger adults (M = 26.4 years) and 20 older adults (M = 68.1 years) using a picture one-back task as ongoing activity with an embedded prospective memory instruction. The experimental task consisted of three sessions. In each session, participants had to encode series of images that represented the prospective memory cues for the consecutive block. The images were either of pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral valence. The pictures used in the ongoing task were likewise of pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral valence. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to assess the neural correlates of intention encoding, maintenance, and self-initiated retrieval. We did not find age differences between younger and older adults on the behavioral level. However, the ERP results revealed an interesting pattern that suggested for both age groups elevated attentional processing of emotional cues during encoding indicated by an elevated LPP for the emotional cues. Additionally, younger adults showed increased activity for unpleasant cues. During the maintenance phase, both age groups engaged in strategic monitoring especially for pleasant cues, which led to enhanced sustained positivity. During retrieval, older adults showed increased activity of ERP components related to cue detection and retrieval mainly for pleasant cues indicating enhanced relevance for those cues. In conclusion, emotional material may influence prospective remembering in older adults differently than in younger adults by supporting a mixture of top-down and bottom-up controlled processing. The results demonstrated a negativity bias in younger adults and a positivity bias in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hering
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Center of Competences in Research LIVES – Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia S. Bisiacchi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padua Neuroscience Center, Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cona
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padua Neuroscience Center, Padua, Italy
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Cruz G, Burgos P, Kilborn K, Evans JJ. Involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex in time-based prospective memory task monitoring: An EEG analysis of brain sources using Independent Component and Measure Projection Analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184037. [PMID: 28863146 PMCID: PMC5581172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Time-based prospective memory (PM), remembering to do something at a particular moment in the future, is considered to depend upon self-initiated strategic monitoring, involving a retrieval mode (sustained maintenance of the intention) plus target checking (intermittent time checks). The present experiment was designed to explore what brain regions and brain activity are associated with these components of strategic monitoring in time-based PM tasks. Method 24 participants were asked to reset a clock every four minutes, while performing a foreground ongoing word categorisation task. EEG activity was recorded and data were decomposed into source-resolved activity using Independent Component Analysis. Common brain regions across participants, associated with retrieval mode and target checking, were found using Measure Projection Analysis. Results Participants decreased their performance on the ongoing task when concurrently performed with the time-based PM task, reflecting an active retrieval mode that relied on withdrawal of limited resources from the ongoing task. Brain activity, with its source in or near the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), showed changes associated with an active retrieval mode including greater negative ERP deflections, decreased theta synchronization, and increased alpha suppression for events locked to the ongoing task while maintaining a time-based intention. Activity in the ACC was also associated with time-checks and found consistently across participants; however, we did not find an association with time perception processing per se. Conclusion The involvement of the ACC in both aspects of time-based PM monitoring may be related to different functions that have been attributed to it: strategic control of attention during the retrieval mode (distributing attentional resources between the ongoing task and the time-based task) and anticipatory/decision making processing associated with clock-checks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cruz
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
- Escuela de Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Pablo Burgos
- Departamento de Kinesiología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kerry Kilborn
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Jonathan J. Evans
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
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Functional dedifferentiation and reduced task-related deactivations underlie the age-related decline of prospective memory. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 11:1873-1884. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Hering A, Wild-Wall N, Gajewski PD, Falkenstein M, Kliegel M, Zinke K. The role of cue detection for prospective memory development across the lifespan. Neuropsychologia 2016; 93:289-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Umeda S, Tochizawa S, Shibata M, Terasawa Y. Prospective memory mediated by interoceptive accuracy: a psychophysiological approach. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:rstb.2016.0005. [PMID: 28080964 PMCID: PMC5062095 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on prospective memory (PM), defined as memory for future intentions, suggest that psychological stress enhances successful PM retrieval. However, the mechanisms underlying this notion remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that PM retrieval is achieved through interaction with autonomic nervous activity, which is mediated by the individual accuracy of interoceptive awareness, as measured by the heartbeat detection task. In this study, the relationship between cardiac reactivity and retrieval of delayed intentions was evaluated using the event-based PM task. Participants were required to detect PM target letters while engaged in an ongoing 2-back working memory task. The results demonstrated that individuals with higher PM task performance had a greater increase in heart rate on PM target presentation. Also, higher interoceptive perceivers showed better PM task performance. This pattern was not observed for working memory task performance. These findings suggest that cardiac afferent signals enhance PM retrieval, which is mediated by individual levels of interoceptive accuracy.This article is part of the themed issue 'Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Umeda
- Department of Psychology, Keio University, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
| | - Saiko Tochizawa
- Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
| | - Midori Shibata
- Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
| | - Yuri Terasawa
- Department of Psychology, Keio University, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
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Bailey K, Mlynarczyk G, West R. Slow Wave Activity Related to Working Memory Maintenance in the N-Back Task. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Working memory supports our ability to maintain goal-relevant information that guides cognition in the face of distraction or competing tasks. The N-back task has been widely used in cognitive neuroscience to examine the functional neuroanatomy of working memory. Fewer studies have capitalized on the temporal resolution of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to examine the time course of neural activity in the N-back task. The primary goal of the current study was to characterize slow wave activity observed in the response-to-stimulus interval in the N-back task that may be related to maintenance of information between trials in the task. In three experiments, we examined the effects of N-back load, interference, and response accuracy on the amplitude of the P3b following stimulus onset and slow wave activity elicited in the response-to-stimulus interval. Consistent with previous research, the amplitude of the P3b decreased as N-back load increased. Slow wave activity over the frontal and posterior regions of the scalp was sensitive to N-back load and was insensitive to interference or response accuracy. Together these findings lead to the suggestion that slow wave activity observed in the response-to-stimulus interval is related to the maintenance of information between trials in the 1-back task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Bailey
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri, USA
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20
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Peira N, Ziaei M, Persson J. Age differences in brain systems supporting transient and sustained processes involved in prospective memory and working memory. Neuroimage 2016; 125:745-755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Rose NS, Rendell PG, Hering A, Kliegel M, Bidelman GM, Craik FIM. Cognitive and neural plasticity in older adults' prospective memory following training with the Virtual Week computer game. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:592. [PMID: 26578936 PMCID: PMC4623669 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) – the ability to remember and successfully execute our intentions and planned activities – is critical for functional independence and declines with age, yet few studies have attempted to train PM in older adults. We developed a PM training program using the Virtual Week computer game. Trained participants played the game in 12, 1-h sessions over 1 month. Measures of neuropsychological functions, lab-based PM, event-related potentials (ERPs) during performance on a lab-based PM task, instrumental activities of daily living, and real-world PM were assessed before and after training. Performance was compared to both no-contact and active (music training) control groups. PM on the Virtual Week game dramatically improved following training relative to controls, suggesting PM plasticity is preserved in older adults. Relative to control participants, training did not produce reliable transfer to laboratory-based tasks, but was associated with a reduction of an ERP component (sustained negativity over occipito-parietal cortex) associated with processing PM cues, indicative of more automatic PM retrieval. Most importantly, training produced far transfer to real-world outcomes including improvements in performance on real-world PM and activities of daily living. Real-world gains were not observed in either control group. Our findings demonstrate that short-term training with the Virtual Week game produces cognitive and neural plasticity that may result in real-world benefits to supporting functional independence in older adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan S Rose
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Toronto, ON, Canada ; School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Peter G Rendell
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra Hering
- Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Éducation, Université de Genève Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Éducation, Université de Genève Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gavin M Bidelman
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Toronto, ON, Canada ; Institute for Intelligent Systems and School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Memphis Memphis, TN, USA
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22
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Meier B, Zimmermann TD. Loads and loads and loads: the influence of prospective load, retrospective load, and ongoing task load in prospective memory. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:322. [PMID: 26082709 PMCID: PMC4451344 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In prospective memory tasks different kinds of load can occur. Adding a prospective memory task can impose a load on ongoing task performance. Adding ongoing task load (OTL) can affect prospective memory performance. The existence of multiple target events increases prospective load (PL) and adding complexity to the to-be-remembered action increases retrospective load (RL). In two experiments, we systematically examined the effects of these different types of load on prospective memory performance. Results showed an effect of PL on costs in the ongoing task for categorical targets (Experiment 2), but not for specific targets (Experiment 1). RL and OTL both affected remembering the retrospective component of the prospective memory task. We suggest that PL can enhance costs in the ongoing task due to additional monitoring requirements. RL and OTL seem to impact the division of resources between the ongoing task and retrieval of the retrospective component, which may affect disengagement from the ongoing task. In general, the results demonstrate that the different types of load affect prospective memory differentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Meier
- Institute of Psychology and Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas D Zimmermann
- Institute of Psychology and Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
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23
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Altgassen M, Rendell PG, Bernhard A, Henry JD, Bailey PE, Phillips LH, Kliegel M. Future thinking improves prospective memory performance and plan enactment in older adults. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2015; 68:192-204. [DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2014.956127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Efficient intention formation might improve prospective memory by reducing the need for resource-demanding strategic processes during the delayed performance interval. The present study set out to test this assumption and provides the first empirical assessment of whether imagining a future action improves prospective memory performance equivalently at different stages of the adult lifespan. Thus, younger ( n = 40) and older ( n = 40) adults were asked to complete the Dresden Breakfast Task, which required them to prepare breakfast in accordance with a set of rules and time restrictions. All participants began by generating a plan for later enactment; however, after making this plan, half of the participants were required to imagine themselves completing the task in the future (future thinking condition), while the other half received standard instructions (control condition). As expected, overall younger adults outperformed older adults. Moreover, both older and younger adults benefited equally from future thinking instructions, as reflected in a higher proportion of prospective memory responses and more accurate plan execution. Thus, for both younger and older adults, imagining the specific visual–spatial context in which an intention will later be executed may serve as an easy-to-implement strategy that enhances prospective memory function in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Altgassen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter G. Rendell
- School of Psychology, Australia Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anka Bernhard
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julie D. Henry
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Phoebe E. Bailey
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Matthias Kliegel
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Scolaro A, West R, Cohen AL. The ERP correlates of target checking are dependent upon the defining features of the prospective memory cues. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 93:298-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Wilson J, Cutmore TR, Wang Y, Chan RC, Shum DH. Effects of cue frequency and repetition on prospective memory: An ERP investigation. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 90:250-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Smith RE, Hunt RR. Prospective memory in young and older adults: The effects of task importance and ongoing task load. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2013; 21:411-31. [PMID: 24628461 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2013.827150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah E. Smith
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - R. Reed Hunt
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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27
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Wang Y, Cao XY, Cui JF, Shum DHK, Chan RCK. The relation between prospective memory and working memory: Evidence from event-related potential data. Psych J 2013; 2:113-21. [DOI: 10.1002/pchj.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Mental Health; Institute of Psychology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Xiao-yan Cao
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Mental Health; Institute of Psychology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- University of ; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Ji-fang Cui
- National Institute of Education Sciences; Beijing China
| | - David H. K. Shum
- Behavioural Basis of Health Program; Griffith Health Institute; School of Psychology; Griffith University; Brisbane Australia
| | - Raymond C. K. Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Mental Health; Institute of Psychology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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28
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Age-related differences in the neural correlates of remembering time-based intentions. Neuropsychologia 2012; 50:2692-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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Healthy aging attenuates task-related specialization in the human medial temporal lobe. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:1874-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Wang Y, Li X, Huang J, Cao X, Cui J, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Shum DHK, Chan RCK. Relationship between prospective memory and vigilance: Evidence from ERP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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31
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Zöllig J, Mattli F, Sutter C, Aurelio A, Martin M. Plasticity of prospective memory through a familiarization intervention in old adults. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2012; 19:168-94. [PMID: 22221180 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2011.633160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Younger adults consistently outperform older adults in laboratory prospective memory tasks. This study examines the effectiveness of an intervention that familiarizes older adults with the sequence of ongoing events to compensate their reduced prospective memory performance. We compared performance and electrophysiological measures of an intervention group (N = 20, 69-83 years) receiving a familiarization intervention to an individually matched control group (N = 20). As ongoing activity a 2-back working memory task was administered. Neural correlates were studied using event related potentials (ERPs) and source localization (standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography). Behavioural data showed faster reaction times in correct prospective trials and fewer prospective false alarms in the familiarization intervention group. ERP analyses displayed differential patterns for the two groups and source localization measures distinctively presented group differences in prospective memory trials with the control group recruiting more resources for a successful prospective memory performance. Together our data support the hypothesis that the familiarity with the sequence of ongoing events increases prospective memory performance and that this might be based on a higher efficiency of attentional monitoring resources and evaluation processes in the intervention group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Zöllig
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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32
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Cona G, Arcara G, Tarantino V, Bisiacchi PS. Electrophysiological correlates of strategic monitoring in event-based and time-based prospective memory. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31659. [PMID: 22363699 PMCID: PMC3283681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to accomplish an action when a particular event occurs (i.e., event-based PM), or at a specific time (i.e., time-based PM) while performing an ongoing activity. Strategic Monitoring is one of the basic cognitive functions supporting PM tasks, and involves two mechanisms: a retrieval mode, which consists of maintaining active the intention in memory; and target checking, engaged for verifying the presence of the PM cue in the environment. The present study is aimed at providing the first evidence of event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with time-based PM, and at examining differences and commonalities in the ERPs related to Strategic Monitoring mechanisms between event- and time-based PM tasks. The addition of an event-based or a time-based PM task to an ongoing activity led to a similar sustained positive modulation of the ERPs in the ongoing trials, mainly expressed over prefrontal and frontal regions. This modulation might index the retrieval mode mechanism, similarly engaged in the two PM tasks. On the other hand, two further ERP modulations were shown specifically in an event-based PM task. An increased positivity was shown at 400–600 ms post-stimulus over occipital and parietal regions, and might be related to target checking. Moreover, an early modulation at 130–180 ms post-stimulus seems to reflect the recruitment of attentional resources for being ready to respond to the event-based PM cue. This latter modulation suggests the existence of a third mechanism specific for the event-based PM; that is, the “readiness mode”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Cona
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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33
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Czernochowski D, Horn S, Bayen UJ. Does frequency matter? ERP and behavioral correlates of monitoring for rare and frequent prospective memory targets. Neuropsychologia 2012; 50:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Mattli F, Zöllig J, West R. Age-related differences in the temporal dynamics of prospective memory retrieval: A lifespan approach. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:3494-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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35
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Wang MY, Chang CY, Su SY. What's Cooking? - Cognitive Training of Executive Function in the Elderly. Front Psychol 2011; 2:228. [PMID: 21954388 PMCID: PMC3173828 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive function involves the efficient and adaptive engagement of the control processes of updating, shifting, and inhibition (Miyake, 2000) to guide behavior toward a goal. It is associated with decrements in many other cognitive functions due to aging (West, 1996; Raz, 2000) with itself particularly vulnerable to the effect of aging (Treitz et al., 2007). Cognitive training in the form of structural experience with executive coordination demands exhibited effective enhancement in the elderly (Hertzog et al., 2008). The current study was thus aimed at the development and evaluation of a training regime for executive function in the elderly. The breakfast cooking task of Craik and Bialystok (2006) was adapted into a multitasking training task in a session (pre-test vs. post-test) by group (control vs. training). In the training condition, participants constantly switched, updated, and planned in order to control the cooking of several foods and concurrently performed a table setting secondary task. Training gains were exhibited on task related measures. Transfer effect was selectively observed on the letter–number sequencing and digit symbol coding test. The cooking training produced short term increase in the efficiency of executive control processing. These effects were interpreted in terms of the process overlap between the training and the transfer tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Ying Wang
- Department of Psychology, Soochow University Taipei, Taiwan
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Deficits in prospective memory following damage to the prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:2178-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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West R. The temporal dynamics of prospective memory: A review of the ERP and prospective memory literature. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:2233-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Rose NS, Rendell PG, McDaniel MA, Aberle I, Kliegel M. Age and individual differences in prospective memory during a "Virtual Week": the roles of working memory, vigilance, task regularity, and cue focality. Psychol Aging 2011; 25:595-605. [PMID: 20853967 DOI: 10.1037/a0019771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Young (ages 18-22 years) and older (ages 61-87 years) adults (N = 106) played the Virtual Week board game, which involves simulating common prospective memory (PM) tasks of everyday life (e.g., taking medication), and performed working memory (WM) and vigilance tasks. The Virtual Week game includes regular (repeated) and irregular (nonrepeated) PM tasks with cues that are either more or less focal to other ongoing activities. Age differences in PM were reduced for repeated tasks, and performance improved over the course of the week, suggesting retrieval was more spontaneous or habitual. Correlations with WM within each age group were reduced for PM tasks that had more regular or focal cues. WM (but not vigilance) ability was a strong predictor of irregular PM tasks with less focal cues. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that habitual and focally cued PM tasks are less demanding of attentional resources (specifically, WM), whereas tasks that are more demanding of controlled attentional processes produce larger age differences, which may be attributable to individual differences in WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan S Rose
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, WA, USA.
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Transparent meta-analysis: does aging spare prospective memory with focal vs. non-focal cues? PLoS One 2011; 6:e16618. [PMID: 21304905 PMCID: PMC3033399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prospective memory (ProM) is the ability to become aware of a previously-formed plan at the right time and place. For over twenty years, researchers have been debating whether prospective memory declines with aging or whether it is spared by aging and, most recently, whether aging spares prospective memory with focal vs. non-focal cues. Two recent meta-analyses examining these claims did not include all relevant studies and ignored prevalent ceiling effects, age confounds, and did not distinguish between prospective memory subdomains (e.g., ProM proper, vigilance, habitual ProM) (see Uttl, 2008, PLoS ONE). The present meta-analysis focuses on the following questions: Does prospective memory decline with aging? Does prospective memory with focal vs. non-focal cues decline with aging? Does the size of age-related declines with focal vs. non-focal cues vary across ProM subdomains? And are age-related declines in ProM smaller than age-related declines in retrospective memory? Methods and Findings A meta-analysis of event-cued ProM using data visualization and modeling, robust count methods, and conventional meta-analysis techniques revealed that first, the size of age-related declines in ProM with both focal and non-focal cues are large. Second, age-related declines in ProM with focal cues are larger in ProM proper and smaller in vigilance. Third, age-related declines in ProM proper with focal cues are as large as age-related declines in recall measures of retrospective memory. Conclusions The results are consistent with Craik's (1983) proposal that age-related declines on ProM tasks are generally large, support the distinction between ProM proper vs. vigilance, and directly contradict widespread claims that ProM, with or without focal cues, is spared by aging.
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CHEN SY, ZHOU RL. Age-related Declines in Prospective Memory: Modulation of the Prospective and Retrospective Components. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2010.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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The role of dual-task and task-switch in prospective memory: Behavioural data and neural correlates. Neuropsychologia 2009; 47:1362-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2008] [Revised: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bisiacchi PS, Tarantino V, Ciccola A. Aging and prospective memory: the role of working memory and monitoring processes. Aging Clin Exp Res 2008; 20:569-77. [PMID: 19179842 DOI: 10.1007/bf03324886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Remembering to execute an earlier planned action is essential in everyday life, and is a prerequisite for independent living in old age. The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of age in performing a prospective memory (PM) task and to analyze the differential contribution of working memory and attentional monitoring demands. METHODS In Experiment 1, a group of young and two groups of old adults were assigned to one of two low-demanding conditions: a picture-naming task (only-Naming) and a picture-naming plus a PM task (Naming+PM). In Experiment 2, a group of young and two groups of old adults performed one of two high-demanding conditions, in which working memory and attentional monitoring processes were examined, using a listening span-like task and a 1-back task within the PM paradigm of Experiment 1. RESULTS Prospective memory performance declined with age even in the low-demanding condition (Experiment 1). Young participants showed PM failures only when the 1-back task was added to the low-demanding condition. Older participants exhibited a marked decline, particularly in the working memory load condition. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that even low-demanding prospective memory tasks are resource-consuming in old age, and that working memory efficiency, affected by the aging process, plays a crucial role in the successful accomplishment of PM actions.
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West R, Travers S. Differential effects of aging on processes underlying task switching. Brain Cogn 2008; 68:67-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 02/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rogers SA, Kang CH, Miller KJ. Cognitive profiles of aging and aging-related conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.2217/1745509x.3.4.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review presents some of the current research and thinking regarding the neuropsychological features associated with aging and aging-related conditions. In the context of the current longevity revolution, many older adults are increasingly concerned about their cognitive performance and the risk for cognitive decline. This makes it critically important to understand the neuropsychological profiles of normal aging and the cognitive features of conditions associated with aging, such as age-associated memory impairment, mild cognitive impairment and dementia. There are also several factors that can modify the neuropsychological abilities and outcomes associated with aging, including gender, genetic status, lifestyle issues and education. The authors point to the importance for future research to embrace a fluid or multifactorial approach to neuropsychology, to focus on those factors contributing to healthy cognition and successful aging, and to correlate neuropsychological changes with the results of neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karen J Miller
- University of California, Aging and Memory Research Center, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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West R, McNerney MW, Travers S. Gone but not forgotten: The effects of cancelled intentions on the neural correlates of prospective memory. Int J Psychophysiol 2007; 64:215-25. [PMID: 17107728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2006] [Revised: 07/06/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were used to examine the neural correlates of the prospective interference effect and the effects of canceling an intention on the neural correlates of prospective memory. The response time data revealed a prospective interference effect that was associated with the engagement of prospective retrieval mode and item checking. The ERP data revealed that item checking was associated with sustained activity over the frontal and occipital-parietal regions of the scalp beginning at around 300 ms after stimulus onset. The ERP data also revealed that canceling an intention may have blocked the retrieval of the intention from memory when the prospective cue was encountered and led to a significant attenuation in the degree that the neural correlates of cue detection and post-retrieval processes were expressed.
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Abstract
In this study we examine the locus of a prospective memory deficit in an individual with multiple sclerosis. Extensive psychometric and neuropsychological testing revealed above average to superior general intelligence, retrospective and autobiographical memory, short-term/working memory and executive functions. In contrast, the individual demonstrated poor prospective memory on a variety of measures incorporating naturalistic, self-report, and laboratory methods. This deficit appeared to arise from a disruption of processes underlying strategic monitoring. These data clearly demonstrate that impaired prospective memory can exist in the presence of an otherwise intact neuropsychological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert West
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3180, USA.
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Zöllig J, West R, Martin M, Altgassen M, Lemke U, Kliegel M. Neural correlates of prospective memory across the lifespan. Neuropsychologia 2007; 45:3299-314. [PMID: 17675111 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OVERVIEW Behavioural data reveal an inverted U-shaped function in the efficiency of prospective memory from childhood to young adulthood to later adulthood. However, prior research has not directly compared processes contributing to age-related variation in prospective memory across the lifespan, hence it is unclear whether the same factors explain the 'rise and fall' of prospective remembering from childhood to later adulthood. The present study examined this question using a paradigm that allowed us to consider the behavioural and neural correlates of processes associated with the prospective and retrospective components of prospective memory. METHODS We compared 14 adolescents, 14 young adults, and 14 old adults in a paradigm where the prospective memory task was embedded in a semantic categorization task. RESULTS The behavioural data revealed an inverted U-shaped function with adolescents and old adults performing poorly relative to young adults. Analyses of the error data revealed that different processes may have contributed to failures of prospective memory in adolescents and older adults. This finding was supported by age differences in ERP-components for cue detection and post-retrieval processes. Additionally, source localization using LORETA revealed different patterns of neural recruitment for adolescents and older adults relative to younger adults. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that adolescents and older adults show different patterns of behavioural errors and neural recruitment for successful prospective remembering indicating that different processes may contribute to the 'rise and fall' of prospective memory across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Zöllig
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14/24, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland.
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West R, Schwarb H. The influence of aging and frontal function on the neural correlates of regulative and evaluative aspects of cognitive control. Neuropsychology 2006; 20:468-81. [PMID: 16846265 DOI: 10.1037/0894-4105.20.4.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of aging and frontal function on the neural correlates of regulative and evaluative control was examined by means of event-related brain potentials (ERPs). The behavioral data indicated that interference was greater for older than for younger adults and that this difference was mediated by frontal function. The ERP data revealed effects of aging on the neural correlates of both regulative and evaluative control. Prestimulus neural activity was correlated with response time and frontal function, and these relationships were moderated by the response-to-stimulus interval (RSI); the poststimulus data also revealed age-related differences in the neural correlates of evaluative control that interacted with RSI. These data support predictions derived from the context processing deficit theory of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert West
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
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