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Wong ASW, Cooper PS, Conley AC, McKewen M, Fulham WR, Michie PT, Karayanidis F. Event-Related Potential Responses to Task Switching Are Sensitive to Choice of Spatial Filter. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:143. [PMID: 29568260 PMCID: PMC5852402 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Event-related potential (ERP) studies using the task-switching paradigm show that multiple ERP components are modulated by activation of proactive control processes involved in preparing to repeat or switch task and reactive control processes involved in implementation of the current or new task. Our understanding of the functional significance of these ERP components has been hampered by variability in their robustness, as well as their temporal and scalp distribution across studies. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of choice of reference electrode or spatial filter on the number, timing and scalp distribution of ERP elicited during task-switching. We compared four configurations, including the two most common (i.e., average mastoid reference and common average reference) and two novel ones that aim to reduce volume conduction (i.e., reference electrode standardization technique (REST) and surface Laplacian) on mixing cost and switch cost effects in cue-locked and target-locked ERP waveforms in 201 healthy participants. All four spatial filters showed the same well-characterized ERP components that are typically seen in task-switching paradigms: the cue-locked switch positivity and target-locked N2/P3 effect. However, both the number of ERP effects associated with mixing and switch cost, and their temporal and spatial resolution were greater with the surface Laplacian transformation which revealed rapid temporal adjustments that were not identifiable with other spatial filters. We conclude that the surface Laplacian transformation may be more suited to characterize EEG signatures of complex spatiotemporal networks involved in cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S W Wong
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Patrick S Cooper
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander C Conley
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Montana McKewen
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - W Ross Fulham
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Patricia T Michie
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Frini Karayanidis
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Steinhauser M, Maier ME, Ernst B. Neural correlates of reconfiguration failure reveal the time course of task-set reconfiguration. Neuropsychologia 2017; 106:100-111. [PMID: 28939202 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability to actively prepare for new tasks is crucial for achieving goal-directed behavior. The task-switching paradigm is frequently used to investigate this task-set reconfiguration. In the present study, we adopted a novel approach to identify a neural signature of reconfiguration in event-related potentials. Our method was to isolate neural correlates of reconfiguration failure and to use these correlates to reveal the time course of reconfiguration in task switches and task repetitions. We employed a task-switching paradigm in which two types of errors could be distinguished: task errors (the incorrect task was applied) and response errors (an incorrect response for the correct task was provided). Because differential activity between both error types distinguishes successful and failed reconfiguration, this activity could be used as a neural signature of the reconfiguration process. We found that, whereas reconfiguration takes place on task repetitions and task switches, it occurred earlier in the former than in the latter. Single-trial analysis revealed that the same activity predicted the amplitude of error-related brain activity, providing further support that this preparatory activity reflects reconfiguration. Our results implicate that reconfiguration is not switch-specific but that task switches and task repetitions differ with respect to the time course of reconfiguration. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that considering neural correlates of failure is a promising approach to link cognitive mechanisms to specific neural processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Steinhauser
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Germany.
| | - Martin E Maier
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ernst
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Germany
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3
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Baniqued PL, Low KA, Fletcher MA, Gratton G, Fabiani M. Shedding light on gray(ing) areas: Connectivity and task switching dynamics in aging. Psychophysiology 2017; 55. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline L. Baniqued
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute; University of California; Berkeley, Berkeley California
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Kathy A. Low
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Mark A. Fletcher
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Gabriele Gratton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Monica Fabiani
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
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ERPs dissociate proactive and reactive control: evidence from a task-switching paradigm with informative and uninformative cues. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2015; 15:117-31. [PMID: 24925001 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-014-0302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
According to the dual mechanism of control (DMC) framework, cognitive control can be recruited proactively to prevent response conflict when advance preparation is feasible or is up-regulated to overcome response conflict after it is detected. This study aimed at empirically dissociating proactive and reactive control processes proposed by the DMC and identifying corresponding event-related potential (ERP) correlates. Behavioral and electrophysiological indices of cognitive control were measured during a task-switch paradigm with or without informative advance cues, in which proactive control was feasible or not. Proactive control was associated with a (right-) frontal sustained ERP modulation during the cue-target interval. In line with the successful recruitment of proactive control, informative, as compared with uninformative, cue conditions were associated with reduced behavioral and ERP correlates of conflict. ERP correlates of conflict were evident both during conflict detection upon target presentation (N(inc)) and during conflict resolution-in particular, following uninformative cues. Reactive control assumed to support conflict resolution was associated with a (left-) frontal transient preresponse ERP modulation for uninformative, but not informative, cue conditions. Together, these data suggest that complementary proactive and reactive control processes operate in concert to flexibly support goal-directed behavior in response to variable task-demands, by either preventing or resolving response conflicts, as they are detected or anticipated.
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5
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De Baene W, Brass M. Dissociating strategy-dependent and independent components in task preparation. Neuropsychologia 2014; 62:331-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Braverman A, Berger A, Meiran N. The hierarchy of task decision and response selection: A task-switching event related potentials study. Brain Cogn 2014; 88:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Kopp B, Lange F. Electrophysiological indicators of surprise and entropy in dynamic task-switching environments. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:300. [PMID: 23840183 PMCID: PMC3699721 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This event-related brain potential (ERP) study aimed at bridging two hitherto widely separated domains of cognitive neuroscience. Specifically, we combined the analysis of cognitive control in a cued task-switching paradigm with the fundamental question of how uncertainty is encoded in the brain. Two functional models of P3 amplitude variation in cued task-switching paradigms were put to an empirical test: (1) According to the P3b surprise hypothesis, parietal P3b waveforms are related to surprise over switch cues. (2) According to the P3a entropy hypothesis, frontal P3a waveforms are associated with entropy over switch outcomes. In order to examine these hypotheses, we measured the EEG while sixteen healthy young participants performed cued task-switching paradigms closely modeled to the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). We applied a factorial design, with number of tasks (two vs. three viable tasks), cue explicitness (task cuing vs. transition cuing), and cue contingency (prospectively-signaled cuing vs. feedback-based cuing) as independent variables. The ERP results replicated the commonly reported P3b effect associated with task switches, and further showed that P3a amplitudes were related to the entropy of switch outcomes, thereby supporting both hypotheses. Based on these ERP data, we suggest that surprise over task switches, and entropy over switch outcomes, constitute dissociable functional correlates of P3b and P3a ERP components in task-switching paradigms, respectively. Finally, a theoretical integration of the findings is proposed within the framework of Sokolov's (1966) entropy model of the orienting response (OR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Kopp
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany ; Cognitive Neurology, Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig, Germany
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8
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Abstract
Task switching paradigms examining executive control in multitask environments typically measure reaction time and accuracy from key press responses. The discrete nature of such responses may limit the ability to capture the dynamics of cognitive control processes that unfold over time in complex environments. The current study used computer mouse tracking methodology to measure the processes that occur during task switching. In two experiments mouse trajectory data were collected as participants used onscreen category labels to respond to two simple tasks. The application of mouse tracking methodology to cued task switching provided both a replication of previous findings using key press responses and a more sensitive measure of the cognitive processes and activated representations underlying those effects. Computer mouse tracking offers a novel methodology for uncovering the mental representations and processes unfolding during multitasking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Starla M. Weaver
- Traumatic Brain Injury Research Laboratory, Kessler Foundation Research Center, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
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9
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The Tölz Temporal Topography Study: mapping the visual field across the life span. Part II: cognitive factors shaping visual field maps. Atten Percept Psychophys 2012; 74:1133-44. [PMID: 22528607 PMCID: PMC5486677 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-012-0279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Part I described the topography of visual performance over the life span. Performance decline was explained only partly by deterioration of the optical apparatus. Part II therefore examines the influence of higher visual and cognitive functions. Visual field maps for 95 healthy observers of static perimetry, double-pulse resolution (DPR), reaction times, and contrast thresholds, were correlated with measures of visual attention (alertness, divided attention, spatial cueing), visual search, and the size of the attention focus. Correlations with the attentional variables were substantial, particularly for variables of temporal processing. DPR thresholds depended on the size of the attention focus. The extraction of cognitive variables from the correlations between topographical variables and participant age substantially reduced those correlations. There is a systematic top-down influence on the aging of visual functions, particularly of temporal variables, that largely explains performance decline and the change of the topography over the life span.
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West R, Bailey K, Tiernan BN, Boonsuk W, Gilbert S. The temporal dynamics of medial and lateral frontal neural activity related to proactive cognitive control. Neuropsychologia 2012; 50:3450-60. [PMID: 23085124 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Kieffaber PD, Kruschke JK, Cho RY, Walker PM, Hetrick WP. Dissociating stimulus-set and response-set in the context of task-set switching. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 2012; 39:700-19. [PMID: 22984990 DOI: 10.1037/a0029545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim of the present research was to determine how stimulus-set and response-set components of task-set contribute to switch costs and conflict processing. Three experiments are described wherein participants completed an explicitly cued task-switching procedure. Experiment 1 established that task switches requiring a reconfiguration of both stimulus- and response-set incurred larger residual switch costs than task switches requiring the reconfiguration of stimulus-set alone. Between-task interference was also drastically reduced for response-set conflict compared with stimulus-set conflict. A second experiment replicated these findings and demonstrated that stimulus- and response-conflict have dissociable effects on the "decision time" and "motor time" components of total response time. Finally, a third experiment replicated Experiment 2 and demonstrated that the stimulus- and response- components of task switching and conflict processing elicit dissociable neural activity as evidence by event-related brain potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Kieffaber
- Department of Psychology, College of William & Mary, 540 Landrum Dr., Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA.
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12
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Nessler D, Friedman D, Johnson R. A new account of the effect of probability on task switching: ERP evidence following the manipulation of switch probability, cue informativeness and predictability. Biol Psychol 2012; 91:245-62. [PMID: 22820040 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This task-switching ERP study of 16 young participants investigated whether increased RT slowing on stay trials and faster RTs on switch trials for frequent than infrequent switching are explained by an activation or preparation account. The activation account proposes that task sets are maintained at a higher baseline activation level for frequent switching, necessitating increased task-set updating, as reflected by a larger and/or longer lasting early parietal positivity. The preparation account assumes advance (pre-cue) switch preparation (i.e., task-set reconfiguration), preceding stay and switch trials for frequent switching, as reflected by pre-cue and post-cue late parietal positivities. By and large, the data support the activation account. However, we also found increased, pre-cue task-set updating on frequent stay trials and pre-cue, task-set reconfiguration prior to predictable, frequent switches. These results lead us to propose an extended activation account to explain the effects of switch probability on the executive processes underlying task-switching behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Nessler
- Cognitive Electrophysiology Laboratory, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, United States.
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13
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Carter CS, Minzenberg M, West R, Macdonald A. CNTRICS imaging biomarker selections: Executive control paradigms. Schizophr Bull 2012; 38:34-42. [PMID: 22114099 PMCID: PMC3245594 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbr114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we describe results of the 5th Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia meeting which identified candidate imaging biomarkers for used in measuring neural activity associated with specific component processes of cognition that are targeted for treatment development in schizophrenia and other disorders. This manuscript describes the process by which measures related to executive control were selected, along with the specific measures recommended for further development. Two paradigms were recommended for measurement of the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying 2 core component processes of executive control, rule generation and selection, and dynamic adjustments of Control. The 2 paradigms are the AX continuous performance task task (letter and dot forms), implemented as an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm to engage neural systems supporting rule generation and selection, and the switching Stroop task, implemented as either fMRI or electroencephalography that may be used as a measure of both rule generation and selection as well as dynamic adjustment in control. A detailed description of each paradigm, together with a review of the relevant literature related to their cognitive and neural validity and measurement properties is provided. These 2 paradigms are recommended for further development, including further validation at the cognitive and neural level and optimization with respect to subject tolerability, psychometric, and neurometric features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron S. Carter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry, 4701 X Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, tel: 916-7347783, fax: 916-7348750, e-mail:
| | - Michael Minzenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Robert West
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, W112 Lagomarcino Hall, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Angus Macdonald
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnessota, Minneapolis, MN
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"Smart inhibition": electrophysiological evidence for the suppression of conflict-generating task rules during task switching. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2011; 11:292-308. [PMID: 21590505 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-011-0037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge for task switching is maintaining a balance between high task readiness and effectively ignoring irrelevant task rules. This calls for finely tuned inhibition that targets only the source of interference without adversely influencing other task-related representations. The authors show that irrelevant task rules generating response conflict are inhibited, causing their inefficient execution on the next trial (indicating the presence of competitor rule suppression[CRS];Meiran, Hsieh, & Dimov, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 36, 992-1002, 2010). To determine whether CRS influences task rules, rather than target stimuli or responses, the authors focused on the processing of the task cue before the target stimulus was presented and before the response could be chosen. As was predicted, CRS was found in the event-related potentials in two time windows during task cue processing. It was also found in three time windows after target presentation. Source localization analyses suggest the involvement of the right dorsal prefrontal cortex in all five time windows.
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Hsieh S, Wu M. Electrophysiological correlates of preparation and implementation for different types of task shifts. Brain Res 2011; 1423:41-52. [PMID: 22000079 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shulan Hsieh
- Cognitive Electrophysiology Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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16
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West R. The temporal dynamics of prospective memory: A review of the ERP and prospective memory literature. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:2233-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Vachon F, Jolicoeur P. Impaired semantic processing during task-set switching: evidence from the N400 in rapid serial visual presentation. Psychophysiology 2011; 48:102-11. [PMID: 20536906 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cognitive system is able to reconfigure mental resources flexibly to adapt to new a task. While task-set switching is known to be detrimental to behavioral performance, less is known about the precise loci of these effects on stimulus processing. We measured event-related potentials to explore the neural consequences of task-set switching on semantic processing. We examined the context-sensitive N400 component evoked by the second of two target words embedded in a rapid serial visual presentation under conditions that involved either a task-set switch or no switching. Whereas the N400 was unaffected by the lag separating the targets in the absence of switching, it was delayed and attenuated in the switch condition when the targets were adjacent in the sequence. These findings indicate that task-set reconfiguration temporarily prevents semantic activation and provide evidence for the nonautomaticity of semantic processing of words.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Vachon
- Centre de recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition, Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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West R, Langley MM, Bailey K. Signaling a switch: Neural correlates of task switching guided by task cues and transition cues. Psychophysiology 2010; 48:612-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dumontheil I, Gilbert SJ, Burgess PW, Otten LJ. Neural correlates of task and source switching: similar or different? Biol Psychol 2010; 83:239-49. [PMID: 20093165 PMCID: PMC2839077 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Controlling everyday behaviour relies on the ability to configure appropriate task sets and guide attention towards information relevant to the current context and goals. Here, we ask whether these two aspects of cognitive control have different neural bases. Electrical brain activity was recorded while sixteen adults performed two discrimination tasks. The tasks were performed on either a visual input (letter on the screen) or self-generated information (letter generated internally by continuing the alphabetical sequence). In different blocks, volunteers either switched between (i) the two tasks, (ii) the two sources of information, or (iii) tasks and source of information. Event-related potentials differed significantly between switch and no-switch trials from an early point in time, encompassing at least three distinct effects. Crucially, although these effects showed quantitative differences across switch types, no qualitative differences were observed. Thus, at least under the current circumstances, switching between different tasks and between perceptually derived or self-generated sources of information rely on similar neural correlates until at least 900 ms after the onset of a switch event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iroise Dumontheil
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London (UCL), 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK.
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20
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An investigation of the neural correlates of attention and effector switching using ERPs. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2009; 9:190-201. [DOI: 10.3758/cabn.9.2.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Singh-Curry V, Husain M. The functional role of the inferior parietal lobe in the dorsal and ventral stream dichotomy. Neuropsychologia 2009; 47:1434-48. [PMID: 19138694 PMCID: PMC2697316 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Revised: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Current models of the visual pathways have difficulty incorporating the human inferior parietal lobe (IPL) into dorsal or ventral streams. Some recent proposals have attempted to integrate aspects of IPL function that were not hitherto dealt with well, such as differences between the left and right hemisphere and the role of the right IPL in responding to salient environmental events. However, we argue that these models also fail to capture adequately some important findings regarding the functions of the IPL. Here we critically appraise existing proposals regarding the functional architecture of the visual system, with special emphasis on the role of this region, particularly in the right hemisphere. We review evidence that shows the right IPL plays an important role in two different, but broadly complementary, aspects of attention: maintaining attentive control on current task goals as well as responding to salient new information or alerting stimuli in the environment. In our view, findings from functional imaging, electrophysiological and lesion studies are all consistent with the view that this region is part of a system that allows flexible reconfiguration of behaviour between these two alternative modes of operation. Damage to the right IPL leads to deficits in both maintaining attention and also responding to salient events, impairments that contribute to hemineglect, the classical syndrome that follows lesions of this region.
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22
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Schneider DW, Logan GD. Selecting a response in task switching: testing a model of compound cue retrieval. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 2009; 35:122-36. [PMID: 19210085 PMCID: PMC2667949 DOI: 10.1037/a0013744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
How can a task-appropriate response be selected for an ambiguous target stimulus in task-switching situations? One answer is to use compound cue retrieval, whereby stimuli serve as joint retrieval cues to select a response from long-term memory. In the present study, the authors tested how well a model of compound cue retrieval could account for a complex pattern of congruency effects arising from a procedure in which a cue, prime, and target were presented on each trial. A comparison of alternative models of prime-based effects revealed that the best model was one in which all stimuli participated directly in the process of retrieving a response, validating previous modeling efforts. Relations to current theorizing about response congruency effects and models of response selection in task switching are discussed.
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