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Leue A, Beauducel A. A meta-analysis of the P3 amplitude in tasks requiring deception in legal and social contexts. Brain Cogn 2019; 135:103564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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2
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A Laboratory Word Memory Test Analogue Differentiates Intentional Feigning from True Responding Using the P300 Event-Related Potential. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9050109. [PMID: 31091738 PMCID: PMC6562842 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9050109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Symptom exaggeration and feigned cognitive impairment occur commonly in forensic and medicolegal evaluations. As a result, methods to detect feigned cognitive impairment are an indispensable component of neuropsychological assessments. This study reports the results of two neurophysiological experiments using a forced-choice recognition task built from the stimuli of the Word Memory Test and Medical Symptom Validity Test as well as a new linguistically informed stimulus set. Participant volunteers were instructed either to do their best or to feign cognitive impairment consistent with a mild traumatic brain injury while their brain activity was monitored using event-related potentials (ERP). Experiment 1 varied instructions across individuals, whereas Experiment 2 varied instructions within individuals. The target brain component was a positive deflection indicating stimulus recognition that occurs approximately 300 ms after exposure to a stimulus (i.e., the P300). Multimodal comparison (P300 amplitude to behavioral accuracy) allowed the detection of feigned cognitive impairment. Results indicate that, for correct responses, P300s were equivalent for the simulated malingering and good effort conditions. However, for incorrect responses, feigned impairment produced reliable but significantly reduced P300 amplitudes. Although the P300 is an automatic index of recognition—even when knowledge is hidden—its amplitude appears capable of modulation by feigning strategies. Implications of this finding are discussed for research and clinical applications.
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Zheng H, Rosenfeld JP, Deng X, Lu Y, Xue C, Wang Y, Zhang E, Yan G, Ouyang D. Visual presentation modality's superiority in the detection of concealed information: A comparison of the efficiencies of the P300-based Complex Trial Protocol in visual versus auditory modalities. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 137:32-40. [PMID: 30664886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Some studies have shown a superiority of visual vs. auditory item presentation in the Complex Trial Protocol (CTP), which is a countermeasure-resistant version of the P300-based Concealed Information Test (CIT). But those studies used elaborately- rehearsed autobiographical information as stimuli, instead of incidentally-acquired crime-related information. Thus, the relative superiority of the visual as opposed to the auditory modality in detecting episodic crime-related information is still unknown. The present study also improved on the usual mock crime scenario by adding a mock disposal task between a mock theft and administration of a CTP test to increase stimulus saliency. In this CTP, the probe and the irrelevant items were presented visually or acoustically on alternating trials, while target and non-target stimuli were simultaneously presented in visual and auditory modalities. The results showed that the P300 amplitude differences of probe minus irrelevant items presented in the visual modality were significantly larger compared to the auditory modality, and the detection rate of the guilty participants was also significantly higher for the visual (14/16) versus auditory modality (5/16). These results suggest a superiority of visual vs. auditory presentation when a CTP is used to detect crime-related information in a mock crime scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - J Peter Rosenfeld
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Xiaohong Deng
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Erhu Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gejun Yan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Ouyang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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Gibbons H, Schnuerch R, Wittinghofer C, Armbrecht AS, Stahl J. Detection of deception: Event-related potential markers of attention and cognitive control during intentional false responses. Psychophysiology 2017; 55:e13047. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jutta Stahl
- Department of Psychology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
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Lu Y, Rosenfeld JP, Deng X, Zhang E, Zheng H, Yan G, Ouyang D, Hayat SZ. Inferior detection of information from collaborative versus individual crimes based on a P300 Concealed Information Test. Psychophysiology 2017; 55. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education; Hubei University; Wuhan China
| | - J. Peter Rosenfeld
- Department of Psychology; Institute for Neuroscience, Northwestern University; Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Xiaohong Deng
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education; Hubei University; Wuhan China
| | - Erhu Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education; Hubei University; Wuhan China
| | - Huihui Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education; Hubei University; Wuhan China
| | - Gejun Yan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education; Hubei University; Wuhan China
| | - Dan Ouyang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education; Hubei University; Wuhan China
| | - Saba Z. Hayat
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education; Hubei University; Wuhan China
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6
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Superiority of Pictorial Versus Verbal Presentation and Initial Exposure in the P300-Based, Complex Trial Protocol for Concealed Memory Detection. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2015; 40:61-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10484-015-9275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Meixner JB. Applications of Neuroscience in Criminal Law: Legal and Methodological Issues. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2014; 15:513. [DOI: 10.1007/s11910-014-0513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Winograd MR, Rosenfeld JP. The impact of prior knowledge from participant instructions in a mock crime P300 Concealed Information Test. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 94:473-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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9
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Meixner JB, Rosenfeld JP. Detecting Knowledge of Incidentally Acquired, Real-World Memories Using a P300-Based Concealed-Information Test. Psychol Sci 2014; 25:1994-2005. [DOI: 10.1177/0956797614547278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autobiographical memory for events experienced during normal daily life has been studied at the group level, but no studies have yet examined the ability to detect recognition of incidentally acquired memories among individual subjects. We present the first such study here, which employed a concealed-information test in which subjects were shown words associated with activities they had experienced the previous day. Subjects wore a video-recording device for 4 hr on Day 1 and then returned to the laboratory on Day 2, where they were shown words relating to events recorded with the camera (probe items) and words of the same category but not relating to the subject’s activities (irrelevant items). Electroencephalograms were recorded, and presentation of probe items was associated with a large peak in the amplitude of the P300 component. We were able to discriminate perfectly between 12 knowledgeable subjects who viewed stimuli related to their activities and 12 nonknowledgeable subjects who viewed only irrelevant items. These results have strong implications for the use of memory-detection paradigms in criminal contexts.
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Detección de información oculta mediante potenciales relacionados con eventos. ANUARIO DE PSICOLOGÍA JURÍDICA 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apj.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Rosenfeld JP, Hu X, Labkovsky E, Meixner J, Winograd MR. Review of recent studies and issues regarding the P300-based complex trial protocol for detection of concealed information. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 90:118-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Kireev M, Korotkov A, Medvedeva N, Medvedev S. Possible role of an error detection mechanism in brain processing of deception: PET-fMRI study. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 90:291-9. [PMID: 24100194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To investigate brain maintenance of deliberate deception the positron emission tomography and the event related functional MRI studies were performed. We used an experimental paradigm that presupposed free choices between equally beneficial deceptive or honest actions. Experimental task simulated the "Cheat" card game which aims to defeat an opponent by sequential deceptive and honest claims. Results of both the PET and the fMRI studies revealed that execution of both deliberately deceptive and honest claims is associated with fronto-parietal brain network comprised of inferior and middle frontal gyri, precentral gyrus (BA 6), caudate nucleus, and inferior parietal lobule. Direct comparison between those claims, balanced in terms of decision making and action outcome (gain and losses), revealed activation of areas specifically associated with deception execution: precentral gyrus (BA 6), caudate nuclei, thalamus and inferior parietal lobule (BA 39/40). The obtained experimental data were discussed in relation to a possible role of an error detection system in processing deliberate deception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Kireev
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academika Pavlova Street 9, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia.
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Marchand Y, Inglis-Assaff PC, Lefebvre CD. Impact of stimulus similarity between the probe and the irrelevant items during a card-playing deception detection task: the "irrelevants" are not irrelevant. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2013; 35:686-701. [PMID: 23883278 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2013.819837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Event-related brain potential paradigms for the detection of concealed information commonly involve presenting probes embedded within a series of irrelevant items. This study investigated the impact of similarity of the irrelevant items with the probe. For the task, a card was shown followed by the sequential presentation of six "test" cards, one of which was the same as the initial card (the probe) along with five "irrelevant" cards that varied in terms of similarity with the probe. Participants either identified or denied recognition of the probe. The results show that P300 amplitude is modulated by stimulus similarity and highlight the importance of the irrelevant items on deception detection rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Marchand
- a Department of Psychology and Neuroscience , Dalhousie University , Halifax , NS , Canada
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Abstract
Telling a lie takes longer than telling the truth but precisely why remains uncertain. We investigated two processes suggested to increase response times, namely the decision to lie and the construction of a lie response. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants were directed or chose whether to lie or tell the truth. A colored square was presented and participants had to name either the true color of the square or lie about it by claiming it was a different color. In both experiments we found that there was a greater difference between lying and telling the truth when participants were directed to lie compared to when they chose to lie. In Experiments 3 and 4, we compared response times when participants had only one possible lie option to a choice of two or three possible options. There was a greater lying latency effect when questions involved more than one possible lie response. Experiment 5 examined response choice mechanisms through the manipulation of lie plausibility. Overall, results demonstrate several distinct mechanisms that contribute to additional processing requirements when individuals tell a lie.
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Farwell LA. Brain fingerprinting: a comprehensive tutorial review of detection of concealed information with event-related brain potentials. Cogn Neurodyn 2012; 6:115-54. [PMID: 23542949 PMCID: PMC3311838 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-012-9192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain fingerprinting (BF) detects concealed information stored in the brain by measuring brainwaves. A specific EEG event-related potential, a P300-MERMER, is elicited by stimuli that are significant in the present context. BF detects P300-MERMER responses to words/pictures relevant to a crime scene, terrorist training, bomb-making knowledge, etc. BF detects information by measuring cognitive information processing. BF does not detect lies, stress, or emotion. BF computes a determination of "information present" or "information absent" and a statistical confidence for each individual determination. Laboratory and field tests at the FBI, CIA, US Navy and elsewhere have resulted in 0% errors: no false positives and no false negatives. 100% of determinations made were correct. 3% of results have been "indeterminate." BF has been applied in criminal cases and ruled admissible in court. Scientific standards for BF tests are discussed. Meeting the BF scientific standards is necessary for accuracy and validity. Alternative techniques that failed to meet the BF scientific standards produced low accuracy and susceptibility to countermeasures. BF is highly resistant to countermeasures. No one has beaten a BF test with countermeasures, despite a $100,000 reward for doing so. Principles of applying BF in the laboratory and the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A. Farwell
- Brain Fingerprinting Laboratories, Inc., 14220 37th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98125 USA
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Meixner JB, Rosenfeld JP. A mock terrorism application of the P300-based concealed information test. Psychophysiology 2011; 48:149-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Hu X, Wu H, Fu G. Temporal course of executive control when lying about self- and other-referential information: An ERP study. Brain Res 2011; 1369:149-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dien J. Evaluating two-step PCA of ERP data with Geomin, Infomax, Oblimin, Promax, and Varimax rotations. Psychophysiology 2010; 47:170-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00885.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Use of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to assess eyewitness accuracy and deception. Int J Psychophysiol 2009; 73:218-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Lui M, Rosenfeld JP. The application of subliminal priming in lie detection: Scenario for identification of members of a terrorist ring. Psychophysiology 2009; 46:889-903. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00810.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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