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Sen S. HPV infection and its correlation with p53 and Bcl-2 among pregnant mothers and their infants. Virus Genes 2024; 60:263-274. [PMID: 38664293 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-024-02070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The investigation of perinatal transmission of HPV is vital for early screening of cervical/oral cancers. Here, transmission of HPV from the pregnant women to their infants was studied. p53 and Bcl-2 expressions and their correlations with HPV infection were examined. HPV infection was detected in the cervical and oral swabs of 135 mother-baby pairs employing both PCR and HC-II methods. 1 year follow-up with an interim visit at 3 months for mothers and 6 months for babies was performed. Immunocytochemistry of p53 and Bcl-2 using the streptavidin-biotin peroxidase method was performed. Prevalence of HPV infection in the mothers was 28.14%, (38/135) and 30.37% (41/135) determined by the PCR and HC-II methods respectively. HPV 16 and/or 18 was identified in 81.57% (31/38) and 82.92% (34/41) of the HPV + women estimated by PCR and HC-II methods respectively. Prevalence rate of HPV 16 among the HPV + pregnant women was 63.15% (24/38) and 65.85% (27/41) determined by PCR and HC-II methods respectively. The frequency of perinatal transmission was 21.05% (8/38) and 21.95% (9/41) determined by PCR and HC-II methods respectively at birth. The HPV + infants in the follow up study cleared the infection within 6 weeks. An abnormal nuclear expression of p53 and cytoplasmic expression of Bcl-2 were observed in the HPV + mother-baby pairs. Cesarean section did not protect the infants against perinatal HPV transmission. The detection of p53 and Bcl-2 proteins in the HPV + mother-baby pairs suggests that these biomarkers may be important in the early screening of oral/cervix cancers in positive cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrojit Sen
- Department of Viral Associated Human Cancer, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India.
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Nantel É, Mayrand MH, Audibert F, Niyibizi J, Brassard P, Laporte L, Lacaille J, Zahreddine M, Fraser W, Francoeur D, Bédard MJ, Girard I, Lacroix J, Carceller AM, Coutlée F, Trottier H. Association between the Mode of Delivery and Vertical Transmission of Human Papillomavirus. Viruses 2024; 16:303. [PMID: 38400078 PMCID: PMC10893054 DOI: 10.3390/v16020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) can be vertically transmitted. Our objective was to measure the association between the mode of delivery and the detection of HPV in infants. We used data collected from pregnant women during the HERITAGE study. Self-collected vaginal samples from the first and third trimester were obtained for HPV testing. Specimens from oral, pharyngeal, conjunctival and anogenital mucosa were collected from infants 36-48 h after delivery and at 3 months of age. All samples were tested for HPV DNA by the Linear Array assay. Adjusted odd ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using multivariate logistic regressions. From the 282 women revealed to be HPV-positive in both the first and third trimesters, 25 infants were born HPV-positive. The overall probability of transmission was 8.9% (25/282); 3.7% (3/81) in participants with a caesarean section and 10.9% (22/201) for those who delivered vaginally. Vaginal delivery increased the risk of HPV in infants compared to caesarean (aOR: 3.63, 95%CI: 1.03-12.82). Infants born after a caesarean with ruptured membranes were not at increased risk of HPV compared to infants born after an elective caesarean section with intact membranes (aOR: 1.31, 95%CI: 0.10-17.76). Our results support the hypothesis that transmission occurs mostly during the passage in the vaginal canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Nantel
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada; (É.N.); (M.-H.M.); (J.N.); (M.Z.)
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada (J.L.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Marie-Hélène Mayrand
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada; (É.N.); (M.-H.M.); (J.N.); (M.Z.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (J.L.); (M.-J.B.); (F.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - François Audibert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
| | - Joseph Niyibizi
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada; (É.N.); (M.-H.M.); (J.N.); (M.Z.)
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada (J.L.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Paul Brassard
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Louise Laporte
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada (J.L.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Julie Lacaille
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (J.L.); (M.-J.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Monica Zahreddine
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada; (É.N.); (M.-H.M.); (J.N.); (M.Z.)
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada (J.L.); (A.M.C.)
| | - William Fraser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - Diane Francoeur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
| | - Marie-Josée Bédard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (J.L.); (M.-J.B.); (F.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Isabelle Girard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St-Mary’s Hospital Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1M5, Canada
| | - Jacques Lacroix
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada (J.L.); (A.M.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Ana Maria Carceller
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada (J.L.); (A.M.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - François Coutlée
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (J.L.); (M.-J.B.); (F.C.)
- Departement of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Helen Trottier
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada; (É.N.); (M.-H.M.); (J.N.); (M.Z.)
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada (J.L.); (A.M.C.)
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Balbi G, Schiattarella A, Fasulo D, Cafiero A, Mastrogiacomo A, Musone R, Carucci A, Cobellis L. Vertical transmission of Human papillomavirus: experience from a center of southern Italy. Minerva Obstet Gynecol 2023; 75:45-54. [PMID: 35107233 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-606x.22.04956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) represents a group of DNA viruses, sexually transmitted, and widely accepted as a cause of invasive squamous cell carcinomas. The virus prevalence is critical worldwide. However, the possibility of perinatal transmission during pregnancy is not well understood as well as the risks for the newborn. METHODS Our study analyzed pregnant women referred to the obstetric outpatient room of the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Sant'Anna and San Sebastiano University Hospital in Caserta, Italy. Cervicovaginal samples were achieved from patients during the first trimester and tested for HPV. The specimen was repeated during the third trimester for HPV-positive patients. After the birth, we took a placenta sample and an eye, pharyngeal, mouth, and genital samples in children from HPV positive mothers, at 36-48 hours after birth and three and six months. RESULTS We found out a high prevalence of HPV infections in the recruited patients: 71 participants were positive at the HPV test in the first trimester (45%), and 17 (14%) showed a positivity in the placental samples. However, there was a low prevalence of viral infection in newborns, and six newborns were positive for HPV at birth (9%). CONCLUSIONS HPV vertical transmission represents a critical obstetric topic, and the transplacental passage of the virus represents a possible cause. However, further studies are necessary to deepen the pathological mechanism and assess the risks for the newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Balbi
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano Hospital, Caserta, Italy.,Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Schiattarella
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy -
| | - Diego Fasulo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Cafiero
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano Hospital, Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Rosalia Musone
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano Hospital, Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonio Carucci
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano Hospital, Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Cobellis
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano Hospital, Caserta, Italy.,Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
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4
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La infección orofaríngea neonatal por VPH en nuestro medio. An Pediatr (Barc) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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5
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Elósegui JJH, Torices MSS, Rísquez ACF, Montes JFE, García ALC. Neonatal oropharyngeal infection by HPV in our area. An Pediatr (Barc) 2022; 97:112-118. [PMID: 35850963 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) is mainly considered a sexually transmitted disease, newborns exposed to the virus in the perinatal period can also be infected through mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. The aim of our study was to increase our understanding of neonatal oropharyngeal infection by HPV, trying to establish its frequency, mechanisms of infection and persistence through age 2 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a prospective, observational and descriptive study in a cohort of neonates born vaginally whose mothers carried HPV in the lower genital tract at the time of delivery. Tests for detection of HPV in amniotic fluid, venous cord blood and oropharyngeal secretions were performed in every neonate, and we conducted microbiological follow-up of infants colonized by HPV up to age 2 years. RESULTS The prevalence of oropharyngeal colonization at birth was 58.24%. In the 24-month follow-up, the proportions of clearance and persistence of HPV in the oropharynx were 94.34% and 5.66%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this case series suggest that neonatal oropharyngeal colonization by HPV, while frequent in the postpartum period, is usually a self-limited process, and the main mechanism of infection transvaginal intrapartum vertical transmission. Although colonization in most neonates is transient and asymptomatic, the clinical significance of persistent carriage remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Joaquín Hijona Elósegui
- Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
| | - María Soledad Sánchez Torices
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén. Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Fernández Rísquez
- Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Luis Carballo García
- Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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6
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Ilboudo M, Zohoncon TM, Traore IMA, Traore EMA, Kande A, Obiri-Yeboah D, Djigma FW, Gyebre YMC, Simpore J. Implication of low risk human papillomaviruses, HPV6 and HPV11 in laryngeal papillomatosis in Burkina Faso. Am J Otolaryngol 2019; 40:368-371. [PMID: 30799210 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Laryngeal papillomatosis is the most common benign tumor of the larynx of children. It is characterized by the development of exophytic proliferative lesions in the mucosa of the airways. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been recognized as a causal agent among which HPV types 6 and 11 are the most frequently implicated. This disease affects the vocal cords and other important functions of the child. The difficulty of treatment is related to the high recurrence of papilloma growth after surgical removal. The objective of this study was to describe the implication of HPV6 and HPV11 in cases of laryngeal papillomatosis histologically confirmed in Ouagadougou. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a descriptive cross-sectional study based on histologically diagnosed archival tissue; obtained in the last ten years (2007 to 2017) in the anatomy and cyto-pathology laboratories in Burkina Faso. These fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues were deparaffinized with xylene before HPV DNA extraction; then HPV6 and HPV 11 were identified by real-time multiplex PCR. RESULTS The prevalence of low-risk HPV infection (HPV-LR) was 54.84% in histologically confirmed laryngeal papillomatosis in Ouagadougou. Among the HPV-LR positive samples, HPV6 and HPV11 genotype prevalence's were respectively 41.17% and 35.3% while the HPV6 / HPV11 co-infection was 23.53%. CONCLUSIONS The results show the implication of HPV6 and HPV11 in laryngeal papillomatosis in Burkina Faso with a high prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïmouna Ilboudo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University of Ouaga I Professor Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University of Ouaga I Professor Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Ina Marie Angèle Traore
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University of Ouaga I Professor Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Esther Mah Alima Traore
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University of Ouaga I Professor Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Ali Kande
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University of Ouaga I Professor Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah
- University of Cape Coast, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University Post Office, Ghana
| | - Florencia W Djigma
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University of Ouaga I Professor Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Yvette Marie Chantal Gyebre
- University of Ouaga I Professor Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, University Hospital Yalgado OUEDRAOGO, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Jacques Simpore
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University of Ouaga I Professor Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
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7
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Ikegami T, Uehara T, Deng Z, Kondo S, Maeda H, Kiyuna A, Agena S, Hirakawa H, Yamashita Y, Ganaha A, Suzuki M. Detection of human papillomavirus in branchial cleft cysts. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1571-1578. [PMID: 30008839 PMCID: PMC6036516 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA has been reported to be present in branchial cleft cysts, but further information is required to clarify the role of HPV infection in branchial cleft cysts. The presence of HPV, the viral load and the physical statuses in samples from six patients with branchial cleft cysts were investigated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR, in situ hybridization (ISH) using HPV DNA probes and p16INK4a immunohistochemical analysis. High-risk type HPV-16 DNA was identified in four of the six branchial cleft cysts analyzed. Of the HPV-positive branchial cleft cysts, three exhibited mixed-type integration of HPV. HPV DNA was distributed among the basal-to-granular layers of the cystic wall in ISH analysis, and p16INK4a was weakly expressed in the nuclei and cytoplasm of the same layers in patients with integration. ISH revealed that one patient with episomal-type infection exhibited HPV DNA in the cyst wall and did not express p16INK4a. Two patients without evidence of HPV infection exhibited weak p16INK4a expression in the superficial cyst-lining cells of branchial cleft cysts. These results indicate that infection with high-risk HPV types may be common in branchial cleft cysts. In addition, p16INK4a is not a reliable surrogate marker for HPV infection in branchial cleft cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Ikegami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uehara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Zeyi Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Shunsuke Kondo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Maeda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Asanori Kiyuna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Shinya Agena
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hirakawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yukashi Yamashita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Akira Ganaha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Mikio Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
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8
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Brocklehurst P. Update on the Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pregnancy — 2. Int J STD AIDS 2017. [DOI: 10.1258/0956462991913187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Brocklehurst
- Unit Epidemiologist, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE, UK
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9
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Snietura M, Chelmecka-Wiktorczyk L, Pakulo S, Kopec A, Piglowski W, Drabik G, Kosowski B, Wyrobek L, Stanek-Widera A, Balwierz W. Vertically transmitted HPV-dependent squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal. Strahlenther Onkol 2016; 193:156-161. [DOI: 10.1007/s00066-016-1047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Heim K, Hudelist G, Geier A, Szedenik H, Christensen ND, Concin N, Bergant A, Volgger B, Czerwenka K, Höpfl R. Type-Specific Antiviral Antibodies to Genital Human Papillomavirus Types in Mothers and Newborns. Reprod Sci 2016; 14:806-14. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719107309546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Heim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University, Innsbruck,Austria,
| | - Gernot Hudelist
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital,Villach,Austria, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Special Gynecology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Geier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University, Innsbruck,Austria
| | - Hannes Szedenik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University, Innsbruck,Austria
| | - Neil D. Christensen
- The Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Foundation, Department of Pathology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey
| | - Nicole Concin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University, Innsbruck,Austria
| | - Anton Bergant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University, Innsbruck,Austria
| | - Birgit Volgger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University, Innsbruck,Austria
| | - Klaus Czerwenka
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Division of Gynecopathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Höpfl
- Department of Dermatolgy and Venerology, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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11
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Trottier H, Mayrand MH, Coutlée F, Monnier P, Laporte L, Niyibizi J, Carceller AM, Fraser WD, Brassard P, Lacroix J, Francoeur D, Bédard MJ, Girard I, Audibert F. Human papillomavirus (HPV) perinatal transmission and risk of HPV persistence among children: Design, methods and preliminary results of the HERITAGE study. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2016; 2:145-152. [PMID: 29074173 PMCID: PMC5886899 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal route of transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) has been demonstrated in several small studies. We designed a large prospective cohort study (HERITAGE) to better understand perinatal HPV. The objective of this article is to present the study design and preliminary data. In the first phase of the study, we recruited 167 women in Montreal, Canada, during the first trimester of pregnancy. An additional 850 are currently being recruited in the ongoing phase. Cervicovaginal samples were obtained from mothers in the first trimester and tested for HPV DNA from 36 mucosal genotypes (and repeated in the third trimester for HPV-positive mothers). Placental samples were also taken for HPV DNA testing. Conjunctival, oral, pharyngeal and genital samples were collected for HPV DNA testing in children of HPV-positive mothers at every 3-6 months from birth until 2 years of age. Blood samples were collected in mother and children for HPV serology testing. We found a high prevalence of HPV in pregnant women (45%[95%CI:37-53%]) and in placentas (14%[8-21%]). The proportion of HPV positivity (any site) among children at birth/3-months was 11%[5-22%]. HPV was detected in children in multiple sites including the conjunctiva (5%[10-14%]). The ongoing HERITAGE cohort will help provide a better understanding of perinatal HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Trottier
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Marie-Hélène Mayrand
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal and CRCHUM, Montreal, Canada
| | - François Coutlée
- Department of Microbiology, Université de Montréal and CRCHUM, Montreal, Canada
| | - Patricia Monnier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Louise Laporte
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Joseph Niyibizi
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ana-Maria Carceller
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - William D Fraser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Canada
| | - Paul Brassard
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jacques Lacroix
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Diane Francoeur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Bédard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Isabelle Girard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St-Mary's Hospital Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - François Audibert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada
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Bacopoulou F, Karakitsos P, Kottaridi C, Stefanaki C, Deligeoroglou E, Theodoridou K, Chrousos GP, Michos A. Genital HPV in Children and Adolescents: Does Sexual Activity Make a Difference? J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2016; 29:228-33. [PMID: 26342734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) genital infection among prepubertal children, sexually active and not sexually active adolescents, and assess potential risk factors for transmission. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Outpatient adolescent health clinic. PARTICIPANTS Ninety-five girls aged 2-21 years; 38 sexually active adolescents (group A), 28 not sexually active adolescents (group B), and 29 prepubertal children (group C). INTERVENTIONS Participants' vaginal or cervical specimens were tested for HPV with the CLART HPV 2 assay (Clinical Array Technology, Genomica, Madrid, Spain) and for cytological abnormalities with liquid-based cytology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Differences in prevalence of low- and high-risk HPV infections among the 3 groups. RESULTS Genital HPV was detected in 37.9% (36/95) of all participants; 47.4% (18/38) of group A, 28.6% (8/28) of group B, and 34.5% (10/29)of group C (P = .27). Multiple HPV infection was detected in 26.3% (10/38), 10.7% (3/28), and 13.8% (4/29) of groups A, B, and C, respectively (P = .21). High-risk genotypes were detected in 47.4% (18/38), 28.6% (8/28), and 24.1% (7/29) of groups A, B, and C, respectively (P = .10). Main high-risk genotypes were HPV 16 (27%, 10/37), HPV 31 (21.6%, 8/37 ), HPV 35 (13.5%, 5/37), HPV 53 (13.5%, 5/37), and low-risk HPV 6 (18.9%, 7/37). Sexual activity was associated with increased risk for genital high-risk HPV infection (odds ratio = 3.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-9.78); specifically with HPV 33 and HPV 51. Forty percent of sexually active adolescents with normal cervical cytology were infected with high-risk HPV types. Family history of skin HPV was positively associated with genital HPV in the sexually active group (odds ratio = 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-3.46). CONCLUSION Timeline and target population for HPV vaccination might need to be reappraised, in view of significant nonsexual transmission of genital HPV so early in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Bacopoulou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Petros Karakitsos
- Department of Cytopathology, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Charikleia Stefanaki
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthymios Deligeoroglou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Theodoridou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Michos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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The Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus between the Neonates and Their Mothers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:126417. [PMID: 26713313 PMCID: PMC4680044 DOI: 10.1155/2015/126417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection on pregnancy is a major problem of medicine. The transmission of the virus from mother to fetus is a process yet unresolved. The immune response and changed hormonal status of pregnant women might facilitate infection. A research on the prevalence of HPV infection was conducted at the Clinic of Obstetrics, Medical University of Lublin (Poland). The studied group included 152 randomly selected women. The material was tested for the presence of HPV DNA by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The aim of the research was to assess the relation between HPV infections detected in the buccal smears of the neonates and the incidence of such infections in the cervical/buccal smears of their mothers. In the group of 152 infants HPV was found in 16 (10.53%). Among the cervical/buccal smears, HPV was isolated, respectively, in 24 (15.79%) and in 19 (12.5%) pregnant women. Statistically significant differences in the prevalence of HPV swabs from the newborns and the cervical/buccal smears of their mothers were found (p < 0.001). The identification of mothers in whose buccal smears HPV was detected can help develop a group of children who run a relatively significant risk of being infected.
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MAMMAS IOANNISN, SOURVINOS GEORGE, SPANDIDOS DEMETRIOSA. The paediatric story of human papillomavirus (Review). Oncol Lett 2014; 8:502-506. [PMID: 25013461 PMCID: PMC4081157 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is composed of a particularly heterogeneous family of DNA viruses, which has gained much attention in recent years due to the discoveries of Professor Harald zur Hausen, who first identified a connection between HPV and cervical cancer. Professor Harald zur Hausen, the 'Father of HPV Virology', was the recipient of the 2008 Nobel Prize. HPV can be transmitted through physical contact via autoinoculation or fomites, sexual contact, as well as vertically from the HPV-positive mother to her newborn, causing subclinical or clinical infections. In infancy and childhood, HPV-associated clinical infections include skin warts, genital warts and juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, while cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions have also been reported among adolescent girls. To date, several research teams, worldwide, have extensively investigated HPV from the paediatric point of view. This primitive effort has been performed before the recent great expansion of paediatric HPV research due to the vaccination programmes against HPV, which were introduced into clinical practice in 2006. In this review article, we present a brief overview of paediatric HPV research after the first report in 1978 involving children in the research of HPV until the time point of this great expansion. In the future, it is expected that further unresolved issues will be addressed and clarified, as the paediatric story of HPV remains a challenging research target.
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Affiliation(s)
- IOANNIS N. MAMMAS
- Department of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - GEORGE SOURVINOS
- Department of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - DEMETRIOS A. SPANDIDOS
- Department of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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Berenson AB, Patel PR, Barrett AD. Is administration of the HPV vaccine during pregnancy feasible in the future? Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:213-9. [PMID: 24308583 PMCID: PMC4103688 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.867236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite the strong evidence supporting the efficacy of the HPV vaccine, the uptake rate remains low. One reason for this is that young females do not interact frequently with the healthcare system. In fact, pregnancy is often the first time young women experience multiple scheduled visits to a health provider. We review the data regarding safety of administering the HPV vaccine during pregnancy and consider the possibility of incorporating vaccination into prenatal care. Although the optimal time for vaccination is prior to sexual debut, this does not always occur, and as such, a broader approach to HPV vaccination may be necessary. Increasing the vaccine uptake rate among young women who did not initiate or complete the series earlier may significantly contribute to the decline in HPV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey B. Berenson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women’s Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Pooja R. Patel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women’s Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Alan D. Barrett
- Department of Pathology and the Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
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Skoczyński M, Goździcka-Józefiak A, Kwaśniewska A. Risk factors of the vertical transmission of human papilloma virus in newborns from singleton pregnancy – preliminary report. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013; 27:239-42. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2013.807238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lee SM, Park JS, Norwitz ER, Koo JN, Oh IH, Park JW, Kim SM, Kim YH, Park CW, Song YS. Risk of vertical transmission of human papillomavirus throughout pregnancy: a prospective study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66368. [PMID: 23785495 PMCID: PMC3681772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Much controversy still exists about maternal-to-infant transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, specifically about the magnitude of the risk and the route and timing of such vertical transmission. This prospective cohort study examines the risk of vertical transmission of maternal HPV in each trimester of pregnancy. Study design One hundred fifty three healthy pregnant women were followed longitudinally throughout pregnancy and cervical swabs obtained in each trimester and postpartum for HPV detection. Cord blood, neonatal nasopharyngeal aspirates, and placental biopsies were collected at delivery. DNA isolation, polymerase chain reaction, and hybridization were performed using the GG HPV Genotyping Chip Kit (Goodgene Inc., Seoul, Korea). Detection of HPV in neonates was defined as the presence of HPV DNA in either cord blood or neonatal nasopharyngeal aspirate. Results HPV DNA was detected in 14%(22/153) of healthy women in the first trimester, 18%(22/124) in the second trimester, and 10%(15/153) in the third trimester; 24%(37/153) were positive for HPV DNA on at least one occasion in pregnancy. At birth, 5.2%(8/153) of neonates were HPV DNA positive. Seven of these eight infants were born to HPV-positive mothers. Placental HPV DNA was positive in 3.3%(5/152) of cases, and all five cases were from mothers with at least one HPV-positive test. Detection of HPV DNA in neonates was associated with detection of HPV in mothers during any of the three trimesters of pregnancy. Conclusion HPV DNA was detected at birth in 5.2%(8/153) of neonates born to healthy women, and was associated with the detection of HPV in mothers during any of the three trimesters of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Mi Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Shin Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Errol R. Norwitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Jeong Woo Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Sun Min Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Hwan Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Wook Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Sang Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Major in Biomodulation, World Class University, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Human papillomavirus genotypes present in the oral mucosa of newborns and their concordance with maternal cervical human papillomavirus genotypes. J Pediatr 2012; 160:837-43. [PMID: 22137368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To elucidate the concordance of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes between the mother and her newborn and to identify risk factors for the vertical transmission of HPV. STUDY DESIGN HPV genotypes present in 329 pregnant women, their newborns, cord blood, and placenta samples were determined by molecular techniques, including using pure DNA for nested polymerase chain reaction. HPV antibodies were tested using multiplex HPV serology. Kappa statistics and the Wilcoxon test were used to assess concordance, and regression analysis was used to calculate ORs and 95% CIs. RESULTS HPV DNA was detected in 17.9% of oral samples from newborns and in 16.4% of the cervical samples of the mothers. At delivery, mother-newborn pairs had similar HPV-genotype profiles, but this concordance disappeared in 2 months. Oral HPV carriage in newborns was most significantly associated with the detection of HPV in the placenta (OR=14.0; 95% CI, 3.7-52.2; P=.0001). The association between status of the cord blood and oral HPV was also significant at delivery (OR=4.7; 95% CI, 1.4-15.9; P=.015) but disappeared within 1 month. HPV antibodies in infants were of maternal origin (OR=68; 95% CI, 20.1-230.9; P=.0001). CONCLUSIONS HPV is prevalent in oral samples from newborns. The genotype profile of newborns was more restricted than that of the maternal cervical samples. The close maternal-newborn concordance could indicate that an infected mother transmits HPV to her newborn via the placenta or cord blood.
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Pilatz A, Altinkilic B, Rusz A, Izykowski N, Traenkenschuh W, Rische J, Lehmann U, Herbst C, Maegel L, Becker J, Weidner W, Jonigk D. Role of human papillomaviruses in persistent and glucocorticoid-resistant juvenile phimosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 27:716-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04542.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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LaCour DE, Trimble C. Human papillomavirus in infants: transmission, prevalence, and persistence. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012; 25:93-97. [PMID: 21600804 PMCID: PMC3632362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is very common in reproductive age women. It has been demonstrated that this infection can be transmitted from mother to infant. Evidence of HPV infection can be seen in infant and toddlers. A review of the literate was undertaken to examine the manner in which HPV can be transmitted, the rate at which transmission occurs, and if HPV can persist. The manifestations of HPV were also reviewed. It is not clear what effect the quadravalent HPV vaccine, given to mothers will have on HPV infections in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delese E LaCour
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Connie Trimble
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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HPV-related (pre)malignancies of the female anogenital tract in renal transplant recipients. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012; 84:161-80. [PMID: 22425015 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal transplantations (RTs) are performed routinely in many countries. After RT, the administration of lifelong immunosuppressive therapy is required. As a consequence, renal transplant recipients (RTRs) have a high risk to develop virus-associated (pre)malignancies, such as Human papillomavirus (HPV) related anogenital (pre)malignancies. It is known that the majority of the RTRs are infected with HPV and that these women have a 14-fold increased risk of cervical cancer, up to 50-fold of vulvar cancer and up to 100-fold of anal cancer. Often, treatment of these lesions requires concessions and may be suboptimal as radiation therapy and extensive surgery may damage the renal transplant. Therefore, prognosis may be compromised due to inadequately treated malignancies. Especially for these immunocompromised patients prevention is of utmost importance. Yearly cervical cancer screening for RTRs is advised, but appears to be executed poorly. For the future, optimizing screening and prevention of anogenital (pre)malignancies is an important issue for women after RT. This review gives a broad overview of all aspects regarding HPV-related (pre)malignancies of the female anogenital tract in RTRs.
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Yoshida K, Furumoto H, Abe A, Kato T, Nishimura M, Kuwahara A, Maeda K, Matsuzaki T, Irahara M. The possibility of vertical transmission of human papillomavirus through maternal milk. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2012; 31:503-6. [PMID: 21823849 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2011.570814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA has been detected in the oral cavity of infants and breast cancer tissue, suggesting its vertical transmission through maternal milk. We determined whether HPV is detected in maternal milk and is vertically transmitted by breast-feeding. Informed consent was obtained, and maternal milk samples (n=80) were analysed for high-risk HPV DNA. In 43 women, this DNA was measured in the uterine cervix. In women with positive samples, this DNA was measured in the oral cavities of their children. The domain including HPV E6 and E7 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using consensus primers, and HPV serotype determined by electrophoresis after restriction enzyme digestion. High-risk HPV-16 was detected in two of 80 samples (2.5%), and in these two cases, high-risk HPV was not detected in the uterine cervix or oral cavity of the child. It was concluded that the infection of HPV in maternal milk is rare (2/80); vertical transmission through maternal milk was not detected in this study (0/80). HPV infection through maternal milk may occur, but its likelihood is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
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Bergot AS, Kassianos A, Frazer IH, Mittal D. New Approaches to Immunotherapy for HPV Associated Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:3461-95. [PMID: 24212964 PMCID: PMC3759206 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3033461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer of women worldwide and is the first cancer shown to be entirely induced by a virus, the human papillomavirus (HPV, major oncogenic genotypes HPV-16 and -18). Two recently developed prophylactic cervical cancer vaccines, using virus-like particles (VLP) technology, have the potential to prevent a large proportion of cervical cancer associated with HPV infection and to ensure long-term protection. However, prophylactic HPV vaccines do not have therapeutic effects against pre-existing HPV infections and do not prevent their progression to HPV-associated malignancy. In animal models, therapeutic vaccines for persisting HPV infection can eliminate transplantable tumors expressing HPV antigens, but are of limited efficacy in inducing rejection of skin grafts expressing the same antigens. In humans, clinical trials have reported successful immunotherapy of HPV lesions, providing hope and further interest. This review discusses possible new approaches to immunotherapy for HPV associated cancer, based on recent advances in our knowledge of the immunobiology of HPV infection, of epithelial immunology and of immunoregulation, with a brief overview on previous and current HPV vaccine clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Bergot
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (A.-S.B); (D.M.); Tel.: +61 (07) 3176 2769; Fax: +61 7 3176 5946
| | | | | | - Deepak Mittal
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (A.-S.B); (D.M.); Tel.: +61 (07) 3176 2769; Fax: +61 7 3176 5946
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Uribarren-Berrueta O, Sánchez-Corona J, Montoya-Fuentes H, Trujillo-Hernández B, Vásquez C. Presence of HPV DNA in placenta and cervix of pregnant Mexican women. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2011; 285:55-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-011-1911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Weaver B, Shew M, Qadadri B, Tu W, Tong Y, Denski C, Fortenberry JD, Brown D. Natural history of multiple human papillomavirus infections in female adolescents with prolonged follow-up. J Adolesc Health 2011; 48:473-80. [PMID: 21501806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to better characterize the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in female adolescents. METHODS Female adolescents were enrolled in a longitudinal study. Self-vaginal samples were obtained every 3 months and tested for HPV. No participants received HPV vaccination. The findings for 40 female adolescents with the longest follow-up are reported in this study. RESULTS Average age at the time of enrollment was 15.2 years (range: 14-17; SD: .97). Mean duration of follow-up was 6.7 years (range: 4.4-9.2; SD: 1.2). In all, 32 participants (80%) reported being involved in sexual activity before their enrollment in the study; all reported being involved in sexual activity before enrollment; all reported being involved in sexual activity during follow-up. Baseline and cumulative prevalence of HPV among participants was 55% and 100%, respectively. During the study, each participant tested positive for a mean of 14 HPV types. Cumulatively, HPV 16 was detected in 29 of 40 participants (72.5%). Mean duration of high- and low-risk infections was 655.9 (median: 433) and 524.1 days (median: 334), respectively. CONCLUSION With prolonged follow-up, HPV infections with multiple types were found in all participants. Most had infection with HPV-16 or HPV-18, the oncogenic types represented in current vaccines, as well as infection with other oncogenic types. These data reinforce the importance of vaccine and non-vaccine strategies for prevention of HPV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bree Weaver
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Brandt HRC, Fernandes JD, Patriota RCR, Criado PR, Belda Junior W. Treatment of human papillomavirus in childhood with imiquimod 5% cream. An Bras Dermatol 2011; 85:549-53. [PMID: 20944919 DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962010000400020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In children, lesions caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) constitute a significant epidemiological issue and a therapeutic dilemma, particularly in the case of anogenital warts. The treatment of anogenital warts in children is a challenge, since standard treatments are generally painful and require the patient to be anesthetized. Imiquimod, a topical immune response modifier, constitutes an alternative therapeutic agent for the treatment of HPV. The present report describes four cases in which treatment with topically applied imiquimod 5% cream was implemented with successful results.
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Verhoeven V, Baay MFD, Baay PE, Lardon F, Van Royen P, Vermorken JB. Everything you always wanted to know about HPV (but could not ask your doctor). PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2010; 81:101-105. [PMID: 20056371 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate specific information needs of people who search for information about the human papillomavirus (HPV) on the Internet. METHODS We performed a qualitative analysis of the e-mail questions asked by the visitors of a website with evidence-based information about HPV. The website, hosted by Antwerp University, provided basic information on epidemiology and natural history of HPV in women and men, diagnostic and treatment options, screening, and vaccination. If visitors did not find an answer to their questions, they could mail their question to an e-mail address associated with the website. RESULTS We received 713 questions posed by 527 e-mail correspondents. The following themes emerged as most important: transmission of HPV, the HPV vaccine, the natural history of the virus, the vicious circle (re-infection between partners), HPV detection in men and women, treatment of men and women, incubation time, pregnancy/fertility, genital warts (in)fidelity, and symptoms of HPV infection. CONCLUSION Both men and women are seeking health information on HPV on the Internet, often after being counseled by a health care provider. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Practitioners should be prepared for questions on the themes that concern people most. Practitioners may play a role in guidance towards reliable sources of information.
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Abstract
Current evidence is strong enough to conclude that human papillomavirus (HPV) can be transmitted both sexually and non-sexually. The debate on HPV infections in children still continues but it is more focused on HPV prevalence than on transmission modes. HPV DNA detection in amniotic fluid, foetal membranes, cord blood and placental trophoblastic cells all suggest HPV infection in utero, i.e. prenatal transmission. Based on recent meta-analysis, vertical transmission occurs in approximately 20% of cases. Most of the mucosal HPV infections in infants are incident, persistent infections in oral and genital mucosa being found in less than 10% and 2% respectively. The mother seems to be the main transmitter of HPV to her newborn, but subsequent HPV infections are acquired horizontally via saliva or other contacts. Bimodal peak prevalence is seen for skin warts, oral papillomas and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) in younger and older age groups, suggesting similar epidemiology. Of the clinical HPV diseases, juvenile-onset-RRP and genital condylomata are problematic; the former because of its life-threatening potential and the latter because of possible sexual abuse. HPV6 and 11 are the most common genotypes in both the lesions. Early in life, infections by the high-risk HPV genotypes may also remain persistent for a considerable period, and should be of considerable importance for HPV vaccination strategies.
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Saini R, Khim TP, Rahman SA, Ismail M, Tang TH. High-risk human papillomavirus in the oral cavity of women with cervical cancer, and their children. Virol J 2010; 7:131. [PMID: 20550718 PMCID: PMC2901268 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association of High-risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) with oral cancer has been established recently. Detecting these viruses in oral cavity is important to prevent oral lesions related to them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HR-HPV in the oral cavity of women with cervical cancer, and their children. A total of 70 women, previously diagnosed with cervical cancer, and 46 children of these women, born by vaginal delivery only, were selected for this study. Buccal swabs were collected from their oral cavity and HPV detection was carried out using Hybrid Capture 2 high-risk HPV (HC2 HR-HPV) detection system. RESULTS Out of 70 women with cervical cancer, four (5.71%) were found to be positive for HR-HPV in their oral cavity. No association of HR-HPV was found with sociodemographic profile, marital status, reproductive history, tobacco and alcohol usage, contraceptive pills usage, and presence of oral lesions (p>0.05). Among children, HR-HPV in the oral cavity was detected in only 1 of the 46 subjects examined (2.17%). Clinically healthy oral mucosa, without any oral lesions, was observed in all the HR-HPV positive subjects. CONCLUSION The result of this study showed that there is low, if any, risk of HR-HPV infection in the oral cavity of women with cervical cancer. Further, our study suggests that there is very low risk for children of women with cervical cancer, to acquire and sustain HR-HPV in their oral cavity until childhood or adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Saini
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Rombaldi RL, Serafini EP, Mandelli J, Zimmermann E, Losquiavo KP. Perinatal transmission of human papilomavirus DNA. Virol J 2009; 6:83. [PMID: 19545396 PMCID: PMC2717078 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-6-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to study the perinatal transmission of human papillomavirus DNA (HPV-DNA) in 63 mother-newborn pairs, besides looking at the epidemiological factors involved in the viral DNA transmission. The following sampling methods were used: (1) in the pregnant woman, when was recruited, in cervix and clinical lesions of the vagina, vulva and perineal region; (2) in the newborn, (a) buccal, axillary and inguinal regions; (b) nasopharyngeal aspirate, and (c) cord blood; (3) in the children, buccal was repeated in the 4th week and 6th and 12th month of life. HPV-DNA was identified using two methodologies: multiplex PCR (PGMY09 and MY11 primers) and nested-PCR (genotypes 6/11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 42, 52 and 58). Perinatal transmission was considered when concordance was found in type-specific HPV between mother/newborn or mother/child. HPV-DNA genital was detected in 49 pregnant women submitted to delivery. Eleven newborns (22.4%, n = 11/49) were HPV-DNA positive. In 8 cases (16.3%, n = 8/49) there was type specific HPV concordance between mother/newborn samples. At the end of the first month of life three children (6.1%, n = 3/49) became HPV-DNA positive, while two remained positive from birth. In 3 cases (100%, n = 3/3) there was type specific HPV concordance between mother/newborn samples. In the 6th month, a child (2%, n = 1/49) had become HPV-DNA positive between the 1st and 6th month of life, and there was type specific HPV concordance of mother/newborn samples. All the HPV-DNA positive children (22.4%, n = 11/49) at birth and at the end first month of life (6.1%, n = 3/49) became HPV-DNA negative at the age of 6 months. The HPV-DNA positive child (2%, n = 1/49) from 1st to the 6th month of life became HPV-DNA negative between the 6th and 12th month of life and one child had anogenital warts. In the twelfth month all (100%, n = 49/49) the children studied were HPV-DNA negative. A positive and significant correlation was observed between perinatal transmission of HPV-DNA and the immunodepression of maternal variables (HIV, p = 0.007). Finally, the study suggests that perinatal transmission of HPV-DNA occurred in 24.5% (n = 12/49) of the cases studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato L Rombaldi
- Diagnosis - Molecular Laboratory, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Human papilloma virus infection prior to coitarche. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 200:487.e1-5. [PMID: 19268884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and the natural course of anogenital human papilloma virus (HPV) infections in girls prior to coitarche attending an outpatient gynecological unit. STUDY DESIGN Specimens were taken from the anogenital region of 114 unselected 4-15 year old girls who were referred consecutively for various gynecological problems. RESULTS Four girls were excluded because of sexual abuse. Low-risk HPV-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected in 4 girls (3.6%) and high-risk HPV DNA in 15 children (13.6%). Two girls testing positive for HPV DNA had clinical apparent warts. After 1 year, 2 children had persistent high-risk HPV DNA, and in 1 case we found a switch from high-risk to low-risk HPV DNA. CONCLUSION Subclinical genital low- and high-risk HPV infections are common in girls without any history of sexual abuse or sexual activity. We found persistence of genital HPV infection in children, which could be a reservoir for HPV-associated diseases later in life.
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Rombaldi RL, Serafini EP, Mandelli J, Zimmermann E, Losquiavo KP. Transplacental transmission of Human Papillomavirus. Virol J 2008; 5:106. [PMID: 18817577 PMCID: PMC2567316 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-5-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aimed at studying the transplacental transmission of HPV and looking at the epidemiological factors involved in maternal viral infection. The following sampling methods were used: (1) in the pregnant woman, (a) genital; (b) peripheral blood; (2) in the newborn, (a) oral cavity, axillary and inguinal regions; (b) nasopharyngeal aspirate, and (c) cord blood; (3) in the placenta. The HPV DNA was identified using two methods: multiplex PCR of human β-globin and of HPV using the PGMY09 and PGMY11 primers; and nested-PCR, which combines degenerated primers of the E6/E7 regions of the HPV virus, that allowed the identification of genotypes 6/11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 42, 52 and 58. Transplacental transmission was considered when type-specific HPV concordance was found between the mother, the placenta and the newborn or the mother and cord blood. The study included 49 HPV DNA-positive pregnant women at delivery. Twelve placentas (24.5%, n = 12/49) had a positive result for HPV DNA. Eleven newborn were HPV DNA positive in samples from the nasopharyngeal or buccal and body or cord blood. In 5 cases (10.2%, n = 5/49) there was HPV type-specific agreement between genital/placenta/newborn samples. In one case (2%, n = 1/49) there was type specific HPV concordance between genital/cord blood and also suggested transplacental transmission. A positive and significant correlation was observed between transplacental transmission of HPV infection and the maternal variables of immunodepression history (HIV, p = 0.011). In conclusion the study suggests placental infection in 23.3% of the cases studied and transplacental transmission in 12.2%. It is suggested that in future HPV DNA be researched in the normal endometrium of women of reproductive age. The possible consequence of fetal exposure to HPV should be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato L Rombaldi
- Diagnosis-Molecular Laboratory, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Ruffin MT, Bailey JM, Roulston D, Lee DR, Tucker RA, Swan DC, Unger ER. Human papillomavirus in amniotic fluid. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2006; 6:28. [PMID: 16952308 PMCID: PMC1569438 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-6-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is evidence to suggest that human papillomavirus (HPV) can cross the placenta resulting in in-utero transmission. The goal of this study was to determine if HPV can be detected in amniotic fluid from women with intact amniotic membranes. Methods Residual amniotic fluid and cultured cell pellets from amniocentesis performed for prenatal diagnosis were used. PGMY09/11 L1 consensus primers and GP5+/GP6+ primers were used in a nested polymerase chain reaction assay for HPV. Results There were 146 paired samples from 142 women representing 139 singleton pregnancies, 2 twin pregnancies, and 1 triplet pregnancy. The women were 78% Caucasian, 5% African American, 14% Asian, and 2% Hispanic. The average age was 35.2 years with a range of 23–55 years. All samples were β-globin positive. HPV was not detected in any of the paired samples. Conclusion Given the age range, race, and ethnicity of the study population, one would anticipate some evidence of HPV if it could easily cross the placenta, but there was none.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mack T Ruffin
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, 1018 Fuller St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0708, USA
| | - Joanne M Bailey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Nurse Midwives, F4835 Mott 0264, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0264, USA
| | - Diane Roulston
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0602, USA
| | - Daisy R Lee
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE B6109, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Ruth Ann Tucker
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE B6109, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - David C Swan
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE B6109, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Unger
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE B6109, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus type-16 infection is associated with a significant portion of squamous carcinoma of the head and neck, particularly for the oropharynx and for those lacking the other risk factors of tobacco and alcohol. The link between human papillomavirus type-16 and carcinoma of the oropharynx is based on the identification of human papillomavirus type-16 in oropharyngeal tumors and the association of human papillomavirus type-16 with the risk of oropharyngeal cancer estimated in case-control epidemiologic studies. This review highlights the molecular mechanism of human papillomavirus carcinogenesis and the association of human papillomavirus type-16 as a risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx as well as recent research efforts utilizing human papillomavirus as a biomarker of clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Unit 441, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Marcoux D, Nadeau K, McCuaig C, Powell J, Oligny LL. Pediatric anogenital warts: a 7-year review of children referred to a tertiary-care hospital in Montreal, Canada. Pediatr Dermatol 2006; 23:199-207. [PMID: 16780463 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2006.00218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to delineate the clinical characteristics of a hospital-referred pediatric population infected with anogenital warts and to investigate the possible relationships between human papillomavirus types and the identified clinical characteristics. Over a 7-year period, 72 patients under the age of 12 years were seen at our dermatology clinic for anogenital warts, corresponding to a prevalence of 1.7/1000 in our patient population. Sixty-four percent (46/72) were girls. Congenital, prenatal, ascending infections occurred in two subjects. The onset of anogenital warts occurred before age 2 in 28% and between 2 and 6 years of age in 62% of children and tended to be younger in boys. We identified unusual cutaneomucosal serotypes human papillomavirus 7 and 57 (three and eight instances, respectively). The modes of transmission of anogenital warts in children cannot be identified either by the clinical appearance of the lesions or by human papillomavirus typing. We conclude that the best way to identify possible sexual abuse is still by history taking, careful assessment of the socio-clinical context, and physical examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Marcoux
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Mère-Enfant Sainte-Justine, Cote Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec.
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is causally related to several benign and malignant diseases of the anogenital tract. In this article the authors detail the epidemiology, methods of transmission and risk factors, pathogenesis, and oncogenesis of HPV, and describe clinical manifestations and current treatments. Special attention is given to condyloma acuminatum and non-cervical anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia. The authors conclude with the latest information on prophylactic vaccine development and prospects for future control of HPV-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar M Ahmed
- Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Partridge JM, Koutsky LA. Genital human papillomavirus infection in men. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2006; 6:21-31. [PMID: 16377531 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(05)70323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, globally one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, is associated with cancers, genital warts, and other epithelial lesions. Although a consistent and coherent picture of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of genital HPV infections in women has developed over the past two decades, less is known about these infections in men. Available data suggest that, as with women, most genital HPV infections in men are symptomless and unapparent, and that HPV16 is probably the most frequently detected type. In populations of similar age, the prevalence of specific HPV types is usually lower in men than in women. Whether this observation relates to lower incidence or shorter duration of infection in men than in women has not yet been determined. Seroprevalence of specific anti-HPV antibodies also seems to be lower in men than in women of similar age, a difference that might be due to lower viral load, lower incidence or duration of infection or lower antibody responses, or both, in men compared with women. Differences in sexual behaviour may also be important predictors of genital HPV infection. With the anticipated availability of prophylactic HPV vaccines in the near future, it becomes increasingly important to understand the incidence and duration of HPV infections in men to develop cost-effective approaches to prevention through a combination of immunisation and promotion of risk-reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Partridge
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington HPV Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
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40
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Rintala MAM, Grénman SE, Järvenkylä ME, Syrjänen KJ, Syrjänen SM. High-Risk Types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in Oral and Genital Mucosa of Infants during Their First 3 Years of Life: Experience from the Finnish HPV Family Study. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41:1728-33. [PMID: 16288396 DOI: 10.1086/498114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2005] [Accepted: 08/11/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is aimed to clarify data on the acquisition, persistence, and clearance of high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA from the mucosa and the determinants of persistent mucosal HPV infection in infants. METHODS Oral and genital scrapings from 324 infants were collected at birth, 3 days after delivery, and 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after delivery and tested for the presence of HPV DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction and hybridization with 12 high-risk HPV oligoprobes. HPV status and demographic data for parents were analyzed. RESULTS During the follow-up period (median duration, 26.2 months), HPV DNA was found to be present in 12%-21% of oral scrape samples and in 4%-15% of genital scrape samples obtained from the infants. Oral HPV infection was acquired by 42% of children, cleared by 11%, and persisted in 10% of the infants, whereas 37% were never infected. The corresponding figures for genital HPV infection were 36%, 14%, 1.5%, and 47%. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that both the cumulative incidence of infection and clearance of HPV were parallel in oral and genital sites. Persistent oral HPV infection in the child was significantly associated with persistent oral HPV infection in the mother at month 36 of follow-up, hand warts in the mother, young age at onset of sexual activity for the mother, and the mother's use of oral contraception, as well as with the father's oral HPV status at 24 months. Persistent genital HPV infection in the infant was predicted by if the mother had started smoking at 18-21 years of age and by a history of genital warts. CONCLUSIONS Persistent carriage of high-risk HPV types was detected in oral and genital mucosa specimens obtained from 10% and 1.5% of the infants during their first 26 months of life. The rates of acquisition and clearance of HPV were similar in oral and genital mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjut A M Rintala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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Cason J, Mant CA. High-risk mucosal human papillomavirus infections during infancy & childhood. J Clin Virol 2005; 32 Suppl 1:S52-8. [PMID: 15753012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2004.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2004] [Accepted: 12/07/2004] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small DNA tumour viruses associated with a variety of proliferative diseases. More than 100 types have been identified and can broadly be grouped into cutaneous and mucosal types according to their site of infection, and can be further subdivided into low-risk (LR) and high-risk (HR) types depending upon their association with malignancy. The main route of transmission of HR mucosal HPVs is through sexual contact, although the acquisition of virus cannot be entirely explained by this mode alone. Evidence also exists for horizontal transmission by other routes and vertical transmission. HR HPVs, particularly HPV-16, have been detected in oral swabs from newborns, infants and children. Such alternative modes of transmission and acquisition may have an important impact in several areas, including vaccination strategies, epidemiological studies, and the clinical management of children with HPV-associated diseases. This article reviews the literature describing the detection of HPV infections during infancy and childhood and provides evidence for a role of vertical transmission in the spread of HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Cason
- Programme in Infection and Immunity, Department of Infectious Diseases, 2nd Floor New Guy's House, Guy's Campus, Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' Schools of Medicine, King's College, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Medeiros LR, Ethur ABDM, Hilgert JB, Zanini RR, Berwanger O, Bozzetti MC, Mylius LC. Vertical transmission of the human papillomavirus: a systematic quantitative review. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2005; 21:1006-15. [PMID: 16021238 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2005000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to better understand the exact mode and risk of vertical transmission in asymptomatic pregnant women, as well as the relationship between HPV transmission and mode of delivery, we have proposed this systematic quantitative review of prospective cohort studies. A comprehensive search was performed in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, LILACS, CANCERLIT, and EMBASE, as well as in the reference lists from the identified studies. Nine primary studies, which included 2,111 pregnant women and 2,113 newborns, met our selection criteria and were analyzed. A positive HPV test in the mother increased the risk of vertical HPV transmission (RR: 4.8; 95%CI: 2.2-10.4). We also observed a higher risk of HPV infection after vaginal delivery than after cesarean section (RR: 1.8; 95%CI: 1.3-2.4). The results of this meta-analysis showed the HPV DNA-positive rate only after birth, but an HPV DNA-positive neonatal sample does not necessarily indicate infection; it could merely indicate contamination (perinatal HPV contamination may have occurred). Infants born through vaginal delivery were at higher risk of exposure to HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Rosi Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil.
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Best JM. Laboratory diagnosis of intrauterine and perinatal virus infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 5:121-9. [PMID: 15566870 DOI: 10.1016/0928-0197(96)00213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/1995] [Accepted: 01/01/1996] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine infection with rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), parvovirus B19 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) may occur following maternal infection. Diagnosis of congenital infection in the neonate is dependent on the appropriate laboratory techniques being used. Prenatal diagnosis of intrauterine infection may also be indicated. Herpes simplex virus (HSV), HIV-1, VZV, enteroviruses, hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C viruses (HCV), human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV-1 and 2) and genital papillomaviruses (PVs) may be acquired at delivery. Neonatal HSV, VZV and enterovirus infections may be severe or even fatal. Perinatally acquired HBV, HCV, HIV-1 and HTLVs are associated with persistent infection and chronic disease in later life. However, if the mother is identified as a carrier in the antenatal period, mother-infant transmission of HBV may be prevented by active/passive immunisation of the neonate, HIV-1 by caesarian section or antiviral therapy, and of HTLV-1 by avoiding breast feeding. OBJECTIVES AND STUDY DESIGN To review the techniques available for the diagnosis of intrauterine infections, neonatal infections with HSV, HIV-1, VZV and enteroviruses, maternal infection with HBV, HCV and HIV-1 and prenatal diagnosis of intrauterine rubella, CMV and B19. RESULTS Congenital rubella may be diagnosed by detection of specific IgM, but virus detection is the technique of choice for congenital cytomegalovirus. Congenital VZV may be diagnosed by serological techniques in up to 71% of cases. Detection of virus in vesicle scrapings or swabs from the oropharynx is the technique of choice for neonatal HSV, while enterovirus infections are best diagnosed by detection of viral RNA. A clinical diagnosis of congenital VZV is often possible. HIV-1 may be diagnosed within 3 months of birth by testing serial blood samples with a combination of techniques. Maternal infection with HBV, HCV, HIV and HTLV1/11 may be diagnosed by serological techniques and genital PVs by detection of viral DNA. Chorionic villus samples, amniotic fluid and fetal blood may be obtained for prenatal diagnosis of infection. Although detection of virus in amniotic fluid is the technique of choice for prenatal diagnosis of CMV, insufficient data is currently available to determine whether it may be used for intrauterine rubella. The most reliable technique for diagnosis of fetal B19 infection is detection of viral DNA in fetal blood. CONCLUSIONS Close liaison between clinicians and microbiologists/virologists is required in order that appropriate specimens are collected from infant and/or mother and appropriate tests conducted. The use of TORCH screening should be discouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Best
- United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas's Hospitals, St Thomas's Campus, London SE1 7EH, UK
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Rintala MAM, Grénman SE, Puranen MH, Isolauri E, Ekblad U, Kero PO, Syrjänen SM. Transmission of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) between parents and infant: a prospective study of HPV in families in Finland. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:376-81. [PMID: 15634997 PMCID: PMC540188 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.1.376-381.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Finnish HPV Family Study is a prospective cohort study assessing the dynamics of human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission between parents and infant. Serial genital and oral scrapings from 76 families, including mother, father, and infant, and semen samples were collected over 2 years of follow-up, analyzed by nested PCR, and confirmed by hybridization with 12 high-risk (HR) HPV types. The most common HPV profile was HR HPV in all family members (29%), followed by HPV-positive mother-infant pairs (26%). HPV-positive father-infant pairs were less frequent (11%), and in six (8%) families, only the infant was HR HPV positive. The prevalence of genital HR HPV in the parents ranged from 13 to 25%, and that of oral HPV ranged from 8 to 34%. In the infants, HPV DNA was detected in 15% of the genital and 10% of the oral samples at birth, reaching peaks of 18 and 21%, respectively, at 6 months, and declining to 10% at 24 months. Persistent HPV in the mother was a risk factor for oral HPV in the infant (odds ratio [OR], 5.69; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.5 to 21.3), while oral HPV in the mother at 6 months was a risk factor for genital HR HPV (OR, 6.38; 95% CI, 1.15 to 35.32). No such independent risk could be attributed to subclinical HPV in the father. Persistent maternal cervical HPV and subclinical oral HPV affect the risk of infant HPV. The age of 6 months is a critical point for the infant to acquire or be free of HR HPV DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjut A M Rintala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Central Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, PL 52, FIN-20521 Turku, Finland.
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Mofenson LM, Oleske J, Serchuck L, Van Dyke R, Wilfert C. Treating Opportunistic Infections among HIV-Exposed and Infected Children: Recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40 Suppl 1:S1-84. [DOI: 10.1086/427295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Szentirmay Z, Pólus K, Tamás L, Szentkuti G, Kurcsics J, Csernák E, Tóth E, Kásler M. Human papillomavirus in head and neck cancer: Molecular biology and clinicopathological correlations. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2005; 24:19-34. [PMID: 15785870 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-005-5045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses are known to cause cancers of the cervix and other anogenital tract sites. Epidemiologic and molecular pathology studies have also suggested that HPV infection may be associated with cancers of the head and neck. Modes of transmission of HPV infection in the head and neck region have not been fully resolved; however, perinatal transmission and an association between sexual behavior and risk for HPV-positive cancers have been presented. Among the HPV types infecting the mucosa, high-risk, intermediate-risk and low-risk genotypes are defined, depending on their presence in carcinoma or precursor lesions. The phylogenic groups of HPVs also showed a definite correlation with the morphology of head and neck tumors. The groups A6, A7, and A9 include viruses that are frequently demonstrated in basaloid and verrucosus squamous cell carcinomas known to associate with HPV infection. Integration of HPV DNA into the host cell genome occurs early in cancer development and is an important event in malignant transformation. There is a trend for patients with HPV-positive tumors to be nondrinkers or light drinkers, the majority of these patients are females, and the median age is lower than in the case of HPV-negative tumors, but this latter difference was not always statistically significant. In the Kaplan-Meier survival model, the HPV-positive verrucous and basaloid squamous cell carcinomas showed better survival rates than the HPV-negative typical squamous cell carcinomas. An increased radiocurability of HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has also been demonstrated.
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Winer RL, Koutsky LA. Delivering reassurance to parents: perinatal human papillomavirus transmission is rare. Sex Transm Dis 2004; 31:63-4. [PMID: 14695960 DOI: 10.1097/01.olq.0000108768.62279.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Smith EM, Ritchie JM, Yankowitz J, Swarnavel S, Wang D, Haugen TH, Turek LP. Human papillomavirus prevalence and types in newborns and parents: concordance and modes of transmission. Sex Transm Dis 2004; 31:57-62. [PMID: 14695959 DOI: 10.1097/01.olq.0000105327.40288.db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this investigation was to determine the risk of vertical and early contact transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) in newborn infants based on concordance and sequence match to HPV types in parents. STUDY DESIGN The genitals of pregnant women and newborns and oral cavity of parents and newborns were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. Data were collected about reproductive health and risk factors for HPV. RESULTS Only one mother/newborn and no father/newborn pair was concordant for an HPV type. All other infected newborns had uninfected or discordant type infected parents. CONCLUSION The risk of vertical transmission to the oral or genital region of newborns is rare, and transmission between parents and the hospitalized newborn does not appear to occur. Lack of parent/child concordance suggests that newborns detected with HPV in their oral cavity or genitals could have become infected by their mother at untested intervals during pregnancy or in newborns with infection in the oral cavity by other contacts after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
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Kojima A, Maeda H, Kurahashi N, Sakagami G, Kubo K, Yoshimoto H, Kameyama Y. Human papillomaviruses in the normal oral cavity of children in Japan. Oral Oncol 2003; 39:821-8. [PMID: 13679205 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(03)00100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in the normal oral cavity of children in Japan. Oral squamous cell specimens were collected from 77 children (44 boys and 33 girls), aged 3 and 5 years. Extracted DNA was evaluated for HPV infections by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods, using consensus primers for the L1 region, specific primers, and direct DNA sequencing analysis. Thirty-seven of 77 specimens (48.1%) were positive for HPV DNA. Positive rates of boys and girls in all specimens were 28.3 (22/77) and 19.5 (15/77)%, respectively. The positive rate in 3-year-old children was 45.2 (14/31)%, and positive rates in boys and girls were 52.6 (10/19) and 33.3 (4/12)%, respectively. The positive rate in 5-year-old children was 50.0 (23/46)%, and positive rates in boys and girls were 48.0 (12/25) and 52.4 (11/21)%, respectively. HPV types were determined by specific PCR and direct DNA sequencing analysis. Frequent HPV types in the specimens of all children were HPV-16 (11/37; 29.7%),-1 (6/37; 16.2%),-2 (6/37; 16.2%),-75 (6/37; 16.2%). The results of the present investigation indicate that many HPVs, including HPV-16 (a high-risk type for cancer), are present in the oral cavity of 3- and 5-year-old children. It is suggested, therefore, that the oral cavity is already a reservoir of HPVs in childhood where later HPV-associated diseases, such as oral cancer and other oral lesions, may develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kojima
- Department of Pathology, Aichi-Gakuin University. 1-100, Kusumoto-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
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