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Anthony A, Zerweck C. Scanning-integrating microdensitometric analysis of age-related changes in RNA content of cerebrocortical neurons in mice subjected to auditory stimulation. Exp Neurol 1979; 65:542-51. [PMID: 467559 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(79)90043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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2
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Novaković MB, Petrović SL, Rakić LM, Ivanus JJ. Different turnover rates of brain ribosomal ribonucleic acids in male and female rats. J Neurochem 1979; 33:661-7. [PMID: 479881 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1979.tb05210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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3
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Ingoglia NA, Tuliszewski T. Transfer RNA may be axonally transported during regeneration of goldfish optic nerves. Brain Res 1976; 112:371-81. [PMID: 60164 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(76)90291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
If [3H]uridine is injected into the eyes of goldfish during optic nerve regeneration, then the return of fibers to the optic tectum is accompanied by the appearance of [3H]RNA in the tectum. The amount of [3H]RNA arriving in the tectum is consistently greater than in non-regenerating controls and reaches maximum levels (more than 10 times controls) 24 days after optic nerve crush. When [14C]uridine is injected subarachnoidally 1 day prior to sacrificing, the amount of [14C]RNA in the tectum is approximately doubled throughout the regeneration period. In order to characterize the radioactive tectal RNA in these experiments, we have crushed the optic nerves of 15 fish, and 18 days later injected [3H]uridine into both eyes. Five days later [14C]uridine was injected subarachnoidally and all fish were sacrificed a day later. RNA was extracted and fractionated in 2.0% polyacrylamide gels. The amounts of 3H- and 14C-labeled ribosomal as well as small molecular weight RNAs were increased during regeneration. Analysis of the area under the 28S, 18S and 4-7S RNA peaks indicated a small increase in 14C radioactivity in each peak (1.2, 1.5, and 1.5 times control, respectively). On the other hand, 3H radioactivity showed the greatest increase in the 4-7S fraction (8.0 times control) whereas large molecular weight ribosomal fractions were approximately 3 times control. Electrophoresis of the RNA on 10% polyacrylamide gels demonstrated that all of the small molecular weight RNA was confined to the 4S (tRNA) peak. These results suggest that when optic nerves of goldfish regenerate, they may enter the tectum carrying 4S (transfer) RNA.
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de León V, Yang WK, Sirlin JL. Mouse histidyl-tRNAs during pregnancy. Differentiation of activity profiles within and between organs. Differentiation 1975; 4:65-72. [PMID: 1183763 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1975.tb01443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Optimal conditions for in vitro formation of His-tRNA were established. Transfer RNA of maternal mouse organs and total embryo at 13 and 17 days of pregnancy was acylated in vitro with [3H] or [14C] histidine and examined by reversed-phase plaskon chromatography. Most tissues show different radioactive profiles reflecting a varying activity of six to eight isoaccepting His-tRNA species. Quantitative differences in profile were observed for liver tRNA during pregnancy. Profiles of embryo and uterus, kidney, heart and muscle changes less, and that of brain did not change during pregnancy. The significance of these observations with respect to molecular differentiation of His-tRNAs during pregnancy is discussed.
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Smith JE, Heistad GT, Thompson T. Uptake of 3H-uridine into brain and incorporation into brain RNA of rats exposed to various training tasks - a biochemical analysis. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1975; 3:447-54. [PMID: 1153448 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(75)90055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Operant schedules were used to isolate component parts of a training task and rates of incorporation of 3H-uridine into the brain and brain RNA were determined. Rats that developed a discrimination in responding to a visual stimulus absorbed more radioactivity into the brain and incorporated a higher percentage of this radioactivity into total and cytoplasmic RNA than littermates exposed to the visual stimulus only. Of the component parts of the training task, the discrimination accounted for the greatest increase in absorption of radioactivity and incorporation of it into RNA. The schedule change had the second largest effect and the stimulus change the least.
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7
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Smith JE. Distribution of 3H-uridine-5 into brain RNA species of rats exposed to various training tasks - an electrophoretic analysis. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1975; 3:455-61. [PMID: 1153449 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(75)90056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Operant schedules were used to isolate component parts of a training task and specific activities were determine for nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA species separated by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. Rats exposed to a stimulus or schedule change incorporated more radioactivity into nuclear rRNA and mRNA and cytoplasmic rRNA and tRNA than littermates exposed to no change from baseline training. Rats developing a change in response probability to a stimulus in the environment incorporated more radioactivity into cytoplasmic mRNA.
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8
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Shain SA, Boesel RW, Axelrod LR. Aging in the rat prostate. Reduction in detectable ventral prostate androgen receptor content. Arch Biochem Biophys 1975; 167:247-63. [PMID: 165775 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(75)90461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Wenzel J, David H, Pohle W, Marx I, Matthies H. Free and membrane-bound ribosomes and polysomes in hippocampal neurons during a learning experiment. Brain Res 1975; 84:99-109. [PMID: 1111828 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(75)90803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ribosomes of the CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells of hipocampus were investigated by morphometric methods after the acquisition of a shock-motivated brightness discrimination in rats. A significant increase in the total number of ribosomes was observed in CA1 cells of trained animals and in CA3 cells of both active controls and trained rats. A significant increase in membrane-bound ribosomes was obtained in CA1 and CA3 cells after training only. The results confirm the suggestion of an increased protein synthesis in hippocampal neurons during and after the acquisition of a brightness discrimination, as we have concluded from out previous investigations on the incorporation of labeled amino acids under identical experimental conditions. The results lead to the assumption that the protein synthesis in some neuronal cells may probably differ not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively in trained and untrained animals.
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Kaplan BB, Sirlin JL. Macromolecules and behavior II. Training induced alteration in leucine transfer RNA of goldfish brain. Brain Res 1975; 83:451-68. [PMID: 1111811 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(75)90836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Goldfish were trained to swim upright after a polystyrene float had been attached ventrally. The effects of training on the amino acid acceptor activity and methylated albumin-kieselguhr column chromatography profile of several brain isoaccepting tRNA species were studied. Comparison of the kinetics of aminoacylation and chromatography profile of tRNAs from trained and control fish showed no differences for Arginyl-, glutamyl-, histidyl-, lysyl-, phenylalanyl-, seryl, threonyl- or valyl-tRNA. In contrast, training induced alterations in tRNA-Leu activity and activity profile. Training had no effect on brain amino acid pools or liver tRNA-Leu activity. Together, behavioral control experiments and plasma cortisol titers indicated that the training-induced increase in tRNA-Leu activity was not caused by stress, exertion, random disoriented swimming or the minor surgical procedures required. Rather, this activity change seems to correlate with some, as yet unidentified, aspect of behavioral training. The implications of these findings with respect to learning are discussed.
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11
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Neurochemical Changes in Composition, Metabolism and Neurotransmitters in the Human Brain with Age. ADVANCES IN BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY 1975. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-0925-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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12
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Palay SL, Billings-Gagliardi S, Chan-Palay V. Neuronal perikarya with dispersed, single ribosomes in the visual cortex of Macaca mulatta. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1974; 63:1074-89. [PMID: 4436380 PMCID: PMC2109373 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.63.3.1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous small and medium-sized neuronal perikarya in layers III and IV of the visual cortex display an unusual pattern of ribosomal distribution. Instead of being aggregated in clusters, spirals, rows, and other regular polysomal configurations, the ribosomes, whether free or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, are randomly dispersed, with no discernible pattern. The endoplasmic reticulum in such cells is reduced to a few (perhaps only one) meandering, broad cisternae, which delimit broad fields of cytoplasmic matrix occupied almost solely by scattered, single ribosomes. The Golgi apparatus is elaborate. Mitochondria are either small and numerous or large and infrequent. The other organelles, including the nucleus and nucleolus, are not remarkable. Axonal terminals synapse in the normal fashion on the surfaces of these cells and their dendrites. Associated with these cells are more numerous intermediate cells in which a few to many polysomal clusters can be found. It is proposed that the neurons with dispersed, single ribosomes are inactive in protein synthesis and that the suspension of such an important metabolic activity is probably temporary. Thus, these cells are considered to be part of a population undergoing cyclic fluctuations in the intensity of protein synthesis that should be correlated with their specific neural behavior.
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13
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Petrović SL, Ivanus JJ, Rakić LM. Selective retention and filtration of brain nucleic acids in agarose gels. J Neurochem 1974; 22:327-32. [PMID: 4829958 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1974.tb07595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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14
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Uphouse LL, MacInnes JW, Schlesinger K. Role of RNA and protein in memory storage: a review. Behav Genet 1974; 4:29-81. [PMID: 4593438 DOI: 10.1007/bf01066705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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15
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16
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Murthy MR, Roux H, Thenot JP. Isoacceptor tRNAs for glutamate, glutamine, aspartate and asparagine in calf brain. J Neurochem 1974; 22:19-22. [PMID: 4594505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1974.tb12174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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17
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Shain SA, Axelrod LR. Reduced high affinity 5 -dihydrotestosterone receptor capacity in the ventral prostate of the aging rat. Steroids 1973; 21:801-12. [PMID: 4351992 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(73)90122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Burnotte RE, Gobert JG, Temmerman JJ. Piracetam (2-pyrrolidinone acetamide) induced modifications of the brain polyribosome pattern in ageing rats. Biochem Pharmacol 1973; 22:811-4. [PMID: 4692647 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(73)90360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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Ordy JM, Schjeide OA. Univariate and multivariate models for evaluating long-term changes in neurobiological development, maturity and aging. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 1973; 40:25-51. [PMID: 4370668 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)60678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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20
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Pituitary-Adrenal System, Learning and Performance: Some Neurochemical Aspects. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)64099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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21
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Sunde D, Osinchak J, Sachs H. Nucleic acid metabolism of the neuroglial cells of the rat neural lobe. Brain Res 1972; 47:195-216. [PMID: 4641267 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(72)90263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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22
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Barra HS, Uñates LE, Sayavedra MS, Caputto R. Capacities for binding amino acids by tRNAs from rat brain and their changes during development. J Neurochem 1972; 19:2289-97. [PMID: 4658789 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1972.tb01282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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Uphouse LL, MacInnes JW, Schlesinger K. Uridine incorporation into polyribosomes of mouse brain after escape training in an electrified T-maze. Physiol Behav 1972; 8:1019-23. [PMID: 5074010 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(72)90190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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24
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25
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Gispen WH, de Wied D, Schotman P, Jansz HS. Brain stem polysomes and avoidance performance of hypophysectomized rats subjected to peptide treatment. Brain Res 1971; 31:341-51. [PMID: 4328057 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(71)90187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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26
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Kapplan BB, De León V, Sirlin JL. Fractionation of goldfish brain aminoacyl-transfer RNA at the microgram level. J Neurochem 1971; 18:845-50. [PMID: 4327932 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1971.tb12014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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27
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Wu BC, Arcos JC, Argus MF. Polysome profile and change in total ribosomal mass in rat heart during progressive thiamine deficiency. LIFE SCIENCES. PT. 2: BIOCHEMISTRY, GENERAL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1971; 10:541-51. [PMID: 5556164 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(71)90190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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28
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Brain function and macromolecules. Brain Res 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(71)80009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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29
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Kleban MH, Gold M, Altschuler H. Lawton MP, Miller M: Neurochemical changes in brains of albino rats resulting from avoidance learning. Psychol Rep 1971; 28:3-13. [PMID: 5549457 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1971.28.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To observe the effects of avoidance training on the brain chemistry of trained rats, 36 Wistar albino rats, 60—75 days old, were run in an automated straight-runway maze. 12 Ss received limited avoidance training followed immediately by extinction training for the avoidance response. 12 other Ss received limited avoidance training only, and 12 is acted as non-trained controls. Following training, each S's brain was removed and sectioned into three gross anatomical parts: cerebrum, brain stem, and cerebellum. Chemical analyses for RNA, protein, and total nitrogen were performed on each brain section for each animal. Significant increases in cerebrum, brain stem, and cerebellum RNA were found for both trained groups. Such differences in RNA were strongly present in the brain stem and cerebrum but were nonsignificant for the cerebellum. Brain protein showed significant increases as a result of the interaction of cerebellum with avoidance training. Total nitrogen levels were unaltered. Two significant correlations obtained between neurochemistry and behavior, a zero-order correlation between brain-stem RNA and extinction behavior and a multiple correlation among brain-stem RNA, cerebral protein, and extinction behavior.
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30
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Kormendy CG, Bender AD. Experimental modification of the chemistry and biology of the aging process. J Pharm Sci 1971; 60:167-80. [PMID: 4995414 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600600202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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31
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Role of Nucleic Acids in Brain Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1971. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7236-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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32
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Oesterle W, Kanig K, Büchel W, Nickel AK. Preparation of DNA and four different RNA species from rat brain. A new RNA fraction and a new characteristic of the various RNA's. J Neurochem 1970; 17:1403-19. [PMID: 5496390 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1970.tb06876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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33
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34
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Peterson RP, Kernell D. Effects of nerve stimulation on the metabolism of ribonucleic acid in a molluscan giant neurone. J Neurochem 1970; 17:1075-85. [PMID: 5426667 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1970.tb02261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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35
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36
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Shimada H, Gorbman A. Long lasting changes in RNA synthesis in the forebrains of female rats treated with testosterone soon after birth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1970; 38:423-30. [PMID: 5443688 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(70)90730-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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37
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Molecular Mechanisms in Information Processing. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(08)60171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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38
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39
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Gispen WH, Schotman P. Effect of hypophysectomy and conditioned avoidance behavior on macromolecule metabolism in the brain stem of the rat. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 1970; 32:236-44. [PMID: 5491103 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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