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Schultz B, Taday J, Menezes L, Cigerce A, Leite MC, Gonçalves CA. Calpain-Mediated Alterations in Astrocytes Before and During Amyloid Chaos in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1415-1430. [PMID: 34719501 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the changes found in the brain in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increased calpain, derived from calcium dysregulation, oxidative stress, and/or neuroinflammation, which are all assumed to be basic pillars in neurodegenerative diseases. The role of calpain in synaptic plasticity, neuronal death, and AD has been discussed in some reviews. However, astrocytic calpain changes sometimes appear to be secondary and consequent to neuronal damage in AD. Herein, we explore the possibility of calpain-mediated astroglial reactivity in AD, both preceding and during the amyloid phase. We discuss the types of brain calpains but focus the review on calpains 1 and 2 and some important targets in astrocytes. We address the signaling involved in controlling calpain expression, mainly involving p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase and calcineurin, as well as how calpain regulates the expression of proteins involved in astroglial reactivity through calcineurin and cyclin-dependent kinase 5. Throughout the text, we have tried to provide evidence of the connection between the alterations caused by calpain and the metabolic changes associated with AD. In addition, we discuss the possibility that calpain mediates amyloid-β clearance in astrocytes, as opposed to amyloid-β accumulation in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Schultz
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Taday
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Menezes
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anderson Cigerce
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marina C Leite
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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2
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Chung D, Shum A, Caraveo G. GAP-43 and BASP1 in Axon Regeneration: Implications for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:567537. [PMID: 33015061 PMCID: PMC7494789 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.567537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and brain acid-soluble protein 1 (BASP1) regulate actin dynamics and presynaptic vesicle cycling at axon terminals, thereby facilitating axonal growth, regeneration, and plasticity. These functions highly depend on changes in GAP-43 and BASP1 expression levels and post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation. Interestingly, examinations of GAP-43 and BASP1 in neurodegenerative diseases reveal alterations in their expression and phosphorylation profiles. This review provides an overview of the structural properties, regulations, and functions of GAP-43 and BASP1, highlighting their involvement in neural injury response and regeneration. By discussing GAP-43 and BASP1 in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, we also explore the therapeutic potential of modulating their activities to compensate for neuron loss in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daayun Chung
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrew Shum
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gabriela Caraveo
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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3
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Kudryashova IV. The Molecular Basis of Destabilization of Synapses as a Factor of Structural Plasticity. NEUROCHEM J+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712419010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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4
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Randriamboavonjy V, Kyselova A, Fleming I. Redox Regulation of Calpains: Consequences on Vascular Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1011-1026. [PMID: 30266074 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Calpains (CAPNs) are a family of calcium-activated cysteine proteases. The ubiquitous isoforms CAPN1 and CAPN2 have been involved in the maintenance of vascular integrity, but uncontrolled CAPN activation plays a role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Recent Advances: It is well accepted that chronic and acute overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with the development of vascular diseases. There is increasing evidence that ROS can also affect the CAPN activity, suggesting CAPN as a potential link between oxidative stress and vascular disease. CRITICAL ISSUES The physiopathological relevance of ROS in regulating the CAPN activity is not fully understood but seems to involve direct effects on CAPNs, redox modifications of CAPN substrates, as well as indirect effect on CAPNs via changes in Ca2+ levels. Finally, CAPNs can also stimulate ROS production; however, data showing in which context ROS are the causes or the consequences of CAPN activation are missing. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Detailed characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of the different members of the CAPN system by specific ROS would help understanding the pathophysiological role of CAPN in the modulation of the vascular function. Moreover, given that CAPNs have been found in different cellular compartments such as mitochondria and nucleus as well as in the extracellular space, identification of new CAPN targets as well as their functional consequences would add new insights in the function of these enigmatic proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voahanginirina Randriamboavonjy
- 1 Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,2 German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kyselova
- 1 Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,2 German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- 1 Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,2 German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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5
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Tesic V, Perovic M, Zaletel I, Jovanovic M, Puskas N, Ruzdijic S, Kanazir S. A single high dose of dexamethasone increases GAP-43 and synaptophysin in the hippocampus of aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2017; 98:62-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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6
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Zakharova FM, Zakharov VV. Identification of brain proteins BASP1 and GAP-43 in mouse oocytes and zygotes. Russ J Dev Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360417030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Milanovic D, Pesic V, Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic N, Avramovic V, Tesic V, Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Kanazir S, Ruzdijic S. Neonatal Propofol Anesthesia Changes Expression of Synaptic Plasticity Proteins and Increases Stereotypic and Anxyolitic Behavior in Adult Rats. Neurotox Res 2017; 32:247-263. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Astrocytic GAP43 Induced by the TLR4/NF-κB/STAT3 Axis Attenuates Astrogliosis-Mediated Microglial Activation and Neurotoxicity. J Neurosci 2016; 36:2027-43. [PMID: 26865625 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3457-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), a protein kinase C (PKC)-activated phosphoprotein, is often implicated in axonal plasticity and regeneration. In this study, we found that GAP43 can be induced by the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rat brain astrocytes both in vivo and in vitro. The LPS-induced astrocytic GAP43 expression was mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)- and interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-dependent transcriptional activation. The overexpression of the PKC phosphorylation-mimicking GAP43(S41D) (constitutive active GAP43) in astrocytes mimicked LPS-induced process arborization and elongation, while application of a NF-κB inhibitory peptide TAT-NBD or GAP43(S41A) (dominant-negative GAP43) or knockdown of GAP43 all inhibited astrogliosis responses. Moreover, GAP43 knockdown aggravated astrogliosis-induced microglial activation and expression of proinflammatory cytokines. We also show that astrogliosis-conditioned medium from GAP43 knock-down astrocytes inhibited GAP43 phosphorylation and axonal growth, and increased neuronal damage in cultured rat cortical neurons. These proneurotoxic effects of astrocytic GAP43 knockdown were accompanied by attenuated glutamate uptake and expression of the glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) in LPS-treated astrocytes. The regulation of EAAT2 expression involves actin polymerization-dependent activation of the transcriptional coactivator megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1), which targets the serum response elements in the promoter of rat Slc1a2 gene encoding EAAT2. In sum, the present study suggests that astrocytic GAP43 mediates glial plasticity during astrogliosis, and provides beneficial effects for neuronal plasticity and survival and attenuation of microglial activation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Astrogliosis is a complex state in which injury-stimulated astrocytes exert both protective and harmful effects on neuronal survival and plasticity. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), a well known growth cone protein that promotes axonal regeneration, can be induced in rat brain astrocytes by the proinflammatory endotoxin lipopolysaccharide via both nuclear factor-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-mediated transcriptional activation. Importantly, LPS-induced GAP43 mediates plastic changes of astrocytes while attenuating astrogliosis-induced microglial activation and neurotoxicity. Hence, astrocytic GAP43 upregulation may serve to indicate beneficial astrogliosis after CNS injury.
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9
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Curcio M, Salazar IL, Mele M, Canzoniero LMT, Duarte CB. Calpains and neuronal damage in the ischemic brain: The swiss knife in synaptic injury. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 143:1-35. [PMID: 27283248 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The excessive extracellular accumulation of glutamate in the ischemic brain leads to an overactivation of glutamate receptors with consequent excitotoxic neuronal death. Neuronal demise is largely due to a sustained activation of NMDA receptors for glutamate, with a consequent increase in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and activation of calcium- dependent mechanisms. Calpains are a group of Ca(2+)-dependent proteases that truncate specific proteins, and some of the cleavage products remain in the cell, although with a distinct function. Numerous studies have shown pre- and post-synaptic effects of calpains on glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses, targeting membrane- associated proteins as well as intracellular proteins. The resulting changes in the presynaptic proteome alter neurotransmitter release, while the cleavage of postsynaptic proteins affects directly or indirectly the activity of neurotransmitter receptors and downstream mechanisms. These alterations also disturb the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain, with an impact in neuronal demise. In this review we discuss the evidence pointing to a role for calpains in the dysregulation of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in brain ischemia, at the pre- and post-synaptic levels, as well as the functional consequences. Although targeting calpain-dependent mechanisms may constitute a good therapeutic approach for stroke, specific strategies should be developed to avoid non-specific effects given the important regulatory role played by these proteases under normal physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Curcio
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivan L Salazar
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miranda Mele
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
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10
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Forsova OS, Zakharov VV. High-order oligomers of intrinsically disordered brain proteins BASP1 and GAP-43 preserve the structural disorder. FEBS J 2016; 283:1550-69. [PMID: 26918762 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain acid-soluble protein-1 (BASP1) and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) are presynaptic membrane proteins participating in axon guidance, neuroregeneration and synaptic plasticity. They are presumed to sequester phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2 ) in lipid rafts. Previously we have shown that the proteins form heterogeneously sized oligomers in the presence of anionic phospholipids or SDS at submicellar concentration. BASP1 and GAP-43 are intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). In light of this, we investigated the structure of their oligomers. Using partial cross-linking of the oligomers with glutaraldehyde, the aggregation numbers of BASP1 and GAP-43 were estimated as 10-14 and 6-7 monomer subunits, respectively. The cross-linking pattern indicated that the subunits are circularly arranged. The circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the monomers were characteristic of coil-like IDPs showing unordered structure with a high population of polyproline-II conformation. The oligomerization was accompanied by a minor CD spectral change attributable to formation of a small amount of α-helix. The number of residues in the α-helical conformation was estimated as 13 in BASP1 and 18 in GAP-43. However, the overall structure of the oligomers remained disordered, indicating a high degree of 'fuzziness'. This was confirmed by measuring the hydrodynamic dimensions of the oligomers using polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis and size-exclusion chromatography, and by assaying their sensitivity to proteolytic digestion. There is evidence that the observed α-helical folding occurs within the basic effector domains, which are presumably tethered together via anionic molecules of SDS or PIP2 . We conclude that BASP1 and GAP-43 oligomers preserve a mostly disordered structure, which may be of great importance for their function in PIP2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana S Forsova
- Molecular and Radiation Biophysics Division, B. P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Centre 'Kurchatov Institute', Gatchina, Russia.,Laboratory of Natural Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladislav V Zakharov
- Molecular and Radiation Biophysics Division, B. P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Centre 'Kurchatov Institute', Gatchina, Russia.,Laboratory of Natural Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia
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11
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Ahmadian SS, Rezvanian A, Peterson M, Weintraub S, Bigio EH, Mesulam MM, Geula C. Loss of calbindin-D28K is associated with the full range of tangle pathology within basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:3163-3170. [PMID: 26417681 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN) are selectively vulnerable in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have shown that most of the BFCN in the human brain contain the calcium-binding protein calbindin-D28K (CB), a large proportion lose their CB in the course of normal aging, and the BFCN which degenerate in AD lack CB. Here, we investigated the relationship between CB in the BFCN and the process of tangle formation in AD using antibodies to tau epitopes that appear early, intermediate or late in the process of tangle formation. Very small percentages (0%-3.7%) of CB-positive BFCN contained pretangles and/or tangles, and very small percentages (0%-5%) of the total BFCN pretangles and/or tangles were in CB-immunoreactive neurons. The number of CB-positive BFCN which contained tau immunoreactivity was highest for the early epitope and lower for intermediate epitopes. A late appearing epitope was absent from CB-positive BFCN. Age-related loss of CB appears to coincide with tangle formation in the BFCN and is associated with the full range of tau pathology, including late appearing epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman S Ahmadian
- Laboratory for Cognitive and Molecular Morphometry, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Aras Rezvanian
- Laboratory for Cognitive and Molecular Morphometry, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Melanie Peterson
- Laboratory for Cognitive and Molecular Morphometry, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Laboratory for Cognitive and Molecular Morphometry, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Laboratory for Cognitive and Molecular Morphometry, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Marek-Marsel Mesulam
- Laboratory for Cognitive and Molecular Morphometry, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Changiz Geula
- Laboratory for Cognitive and Molecular Morphometry, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA.
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Nordman JC, Phillips WS, Kodama N, Clark SG, Del Negro CA, Kabbani N. Axon targeting of the alpha 7 nicotinic receptor in developing hippocampal neurons by Gprin1 regulates growth. J Neurochem 2014; 129:649-62. [PMID: 24350810 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic signaling plays an important role in regulating the growth and regeneration of axons in the nervous system. The α7 nicotinic receptor (α7) can drive synaptic development and plasticity in the hippocampus. Here, we show that activation of α7 significantly reduces axon growth in hippocampal neurons by coupling to G protein-regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 1 (Gprin1), which targets it to the growth cone. Knockdown of Gprin1 expression using RNAi is found sufficient to abolish the localization and calcium signaling of α7 at the growth cone. In addition, an α7/Gprin1 interaction appears intimately linked to a Gαo, growth-associated protein 43, and CDC42 cytoskeletal regulatory pathway within the developing axon. These findings demonstrate that α7 regulates axon growth in hippocampal neurons, thereby likely contributing to synaptic formation in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Nordman
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
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13
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Riascos D, Nicholas A, Samaeekia R, Yukhananov R, Mesulam MM, Bigio EH, Weintraub S, Guo L, Geula C. Alterations of Ca²⁺-responsive proteins within cholinergic neurons in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:1325-33. [PMID: 24461366 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The molecular basis of selective neuronal vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains poorly understood. Using basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) as a model and immunohistochemistry, we have demonstrated significant age-related loss of the calcium-binding protein calbindin-D(28K) (CB) from BFCN, which was associated with tangle formation and degeneration in AD. Here, we determined alterations in RNA and protein for CB and the Ca(2+)-responsive proteins Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I (CaMKI), growth-associated protein-43 (GAP43), and calpain in the BF. We observed progressive downregulation of CB and CaMKI RNA in laser-captured BFCN in the normal-aged-AD continuum. We also detected progressive loss of CB, CaMKIδ, and GAP43 proteins in BF homogenates in aging and AD. Activated μ-calpain, a calcium-sensitive protease that degrades CaMKI and GAP43, was significantly increased in the normal aged BF and was 10 times higher in AD BF. Overactivation of μ-calpain was confirmed using proteolytic fragments of its substrate spectrin. Substantial age- and AD-related alterations in Ca(2+)-sensing proteins most likely contribute to selective vulnerability of BFCN to degeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Riascos
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Nicholas
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ravand Samaeekia
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - M-Marsel Mesulam
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ling Guo
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Changiz Geula
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Kropotova E, Klementiev B, Mosevitsky M. BASP1 and its N-end fragments (BNEMFs) dynamics in rat brain during development. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1278-84. [PMID: 23579388 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein BASP1 was discovered in brains of mammals and birds. In presynaptic area of synapses, BASP1 is attached to plasma membrane owing to N-terminal myristoylation as well as to the positively charged "effecter domain". BASP1 interactions with other proteins as well as with lipids contribute to membrane traffic, axon outgrowth and synaptic plasticity. BASP1 is present also in other tissues, where it was found not only in cytoplasm, but also in nucleus. Nuclear BASP1 suppresses activity of transcription factor WT1 and acts as tumor suppressor. BASP1 deficiency in a cell leads to its transformation. Previously it was shown that in BASP1 samples prepared from different animals and different tissues, six BASP1 N-end myristoylated fragments (BNEMFs) are present. Together, they amount to 30 % of the whole molecules. BNEMFs presence in different species and tissues demonstrates their physiological significance. However BNEMFs remain unexplored. In this paper, the time of appearance and dynamics of both BASP1 and BNEMFs during rat development from embryo to adult animals were determined. In rat brain, the amounts of all BASP1 forms per cell systematically increase during development and remain at the highest levels in adult animals. BNEMFs appear during embryogenesis non-simultaneously and accumulate with different dynamics. These results say for formation of six BNEMFs in the course of different processes and, possibly, using different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Kropotova
- Division of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Kurchatov Research Center, Leningrad District, 188300 Gatchina, Orlova Roscha, Russian Federation
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15
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Kudryashova IV, Onufriev MV. The synchronous and reciprocal regulation of the activities of cysteine proteases associated with long-term plasticity. NEUROCHEM J+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712413010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Randriamboavonjy V, Fleming I. All cut up! The consequences of calpain activation on platelet function. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 56:210-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Huber RJ, Suarez A, O'Day DH. CyrA, a matricellular protein that modulates cell motility in Dictyostelium discoideum. Matrix Biol 2012; 31:271-80. [PMID: 22391412 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CyrA, an extracellular matrix (slime sheath), calmodulin (CaM)-binding protein in Dictyostelium discoideum, possesses four tandem EGF-like repeats in its C-terminus and is proteolytically cleaved during asexual development. A previous study reported the expression and localization of CyrA cleavage products CyrA-C45 and CyrA-C40. In this study, an N-terminal antibody was produced that detected the full-length 63kDa protein (CyrA-C63). Western blot analyses showed that the intracellular expression of CyrA-C63 peaked between 12 and 16h of development, consistent with the time that cells are developing into a motile, multicellular slug. CyrA immunolocalization and CyrA-GFP showed that the protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, particularly its perinuclear component. CyrA-C63 secretion began shortly after the onset of starvation peaking between 8 and 16h of development. A pharmacological analysis showed that CyrA-C63 secretion was dependent on intracellular Ca(2+) release and active CaM, PI3K, and PLA2. CyrA-C63 bound to CaM both intra- and extracellularly and both proteins were detected in the slime sheath deposited by migrating slugs. In keeping with its purported function, CyrA-GFP over-expression enhanced cAMP-mediated chemotaxis and CyrA-C45 was detected in vinculin B (VinB)-GFP immunoprecipitates, thus providing a link between the increase in chemotaxis and a specific cytoskeletal component. Finally, DdEGFL1-FITC was detected on the membranes of cells capped with concanavalin A suggesting that a receptor exists for this peptide sequence. Together with previous studies, the data presented here suggests that CyrA is a bona fide matricellular protein in D. discoideum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G5.
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Zakharov VV, Abramova YK, Mosevitsky MI. On the activation of calcium-dependent proteolysis in brain neurons of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR strain). Bull Exp Biol Med 2012; 150:587-9. [PMID: 22235391 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-011-1197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Females of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR strain) and normotensive rats (WKY strain and Wistar) received drinking water with normal (80 mg/liter) or reduced concentration of Ca(2+)(8 mg/liter). Activity of calcium-dependent calpain protease in neurons did not differ in 18-day-old rat pups born and suckled by these animals. Our results are consistent with published data on normal metabolism of SHR rats up to the age of 30 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Zakharov
- Department of Molecular and Radiational Biophysics, B. P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region, Russia.
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19
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Kudryashova IV. Structural and functional modifications of presynaptic afferents: Do they correlate with learning mechanisms? NEUROCHEM J+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s181971241104009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Suarez A, Huber RJ, Myre MA, O'Day DH. An extracellular matrix, calmodulin-binding protein from Dictyostelium with EGF-like repeats that enhance cell motility. Cell Signal 2011; 23:1197-206. [PMID: 21402150 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CyrA is a novel cysteine-rich protein with four EGFL repeats that was isolated using the calmodulin (CaM) binding overlay technique (CaMBOT), suggesting it is a CaM-binding protein (CaMBP). The full-length 63kDa cyrA is cleaved into two major C-terminal fragments, cyrA-C45 and cyrA-C40. A putative CaM-binding domain was detected and both CaM-agarose binding and CaM immunoprecipitation verified that cyrA-C45 and cyrA-C40 each bind to CaM in both a Ca(2+)-dependent and -independent manner. cyrA-C45 was present continuously throughout growth and development but was secreted at high levels during the multicellular slug stage of Dictyostelium development. At this time, cyrA localizes to the extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM purification verified the presence of cyrA-C45. An 18 amino acid peptide (DdEGFL1) from the first EGFL repeat sequence of cyrA (EGFL1) that is present in both cyrA-C45 and -C40 enhances both random cell motility and cAMP-mediated chemotaxis. Here we reveal that the dose-dependent enhancement of motility by DdEGFL1 is related to the time of cell starvation. Addition of DdEGFL1 also inhibits cyrA proteolysis. The status of cyrA as an extracellular CaMBP was further clarified by the demonstration that CaM is secreted during development. Antagonism of CaM with W7 resulted in enhanced cyrA proteolysis suggesting a functional role for extracellular CaM in protecting CaMBPs from proteolysis. cyrA is the first extracellular CaMBP identified in Dictyostelium and since it is an ECM protein with EGF-like repeats that enhance cell motility and it likely also represents the first matricellular protein identified in a lower eukaryote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Suarez
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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Ostroumova OS, Schagina LV, Mosevitsky MI, Zakharov VV. Ion channel activity of brain abundant protein BASP1 in planar lipid bilayers. FEBS J 2010; 278:461-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Szeltner Z, Morawski M, Juhász T, Szamosi I, Liliom K, Csizmók V, Tölgyesi F, Polgár L. GAP43 shows partial co-localisation but no strong physical interaction with prolyl oligopeptidase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2010; 1804:2162-76. [PMID: 20869470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been proposed that prolyl oligopeptidase (POP), the cytosolic serine peptidase with neurological implications, binds GAP43 (Growth-Associated Protein 43) and is implicated in neuronal growth cone formation, axon guidance and synaptic plasticity. We investigated the interaction between GAP43 and POP with various biophysical and biochemical methods in vitro and studied the co-localisation of the two proteins in differentiated HeLa cells. GAP43 and POP showed partial co-localisation in the cell body as well as in the potential growth cone structures. We could not detect significant binding between the recombinantly expressed POP and GAP43 using gel filtration, CD, ITC and BIACORE studies, pull-down experiments, glutaraldehyde cross-linking and limited proteolysis. However, glutaraldehyde cross-linking suggested a weak and transient interaction between the proteins. Both POP and GAP43 interacted with artificial lipids in our in vitro model system, but the presence of lipids did not evoke binding between them. In native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, GAP43 interacted with one of the three forms of a polyhistidine-tagged prolyl oligopeptidase. The interaction of the two proteins was also evident in ELISA and we have observed co-precipitation of the two proteins during co-incubation at higher concentrations. Our results indicate that there is no strong and direct interaction between POP and GAP43 at physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szeltner
- Institute of Enzymology, BRC, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, H-1113, Karolina út 29, Hungary.
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Oligomeric structure of brain abundant proteins GAP-43 and BASP1. J Struct Biol 2010; 170:470-83. [PMID: 20109554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Brain abundant proteins GAP-43 and BASP1 participate in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics in neuronal axon terminals. The proposed mechanism suggests that the proteins sequester phosphatidylinositol-4,5-diphosphate (PIP(2)) in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. We found that model anionic phospholipid membranes in the form of liposomes induce rapid oligomerization of GAP-43 and BASP1 proteins. Multiply charged phosphoinositides produced the most potent effect. Anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at submicellar concentration stimulated formation of similar oligomers in solution. BASP1, but not GAP-43, also formed oligomers at sufficiently high concentration in the absence of lipids and SDS. Electron microscopy study demonstrated that the oligomers have disk-shaped or annular structure of 10-30nm in diameter. BASP1 also formed higher aggregates of linear rod-like structure, with average length of about 100nm. In outward appearance, the oligomers and linear aggregates are reminiscent of oligomers and protofibrils of amyloid proteins. Both the synthetic N-terminal peptide GAP-43(1-40) and the brain-derived fragment GAP-43-3 preserved the ability to oligomerize under the action of acidic phospholipids and SDS. On the contrary, BASP1 fragment truncated by the short N-terminal myristoylated peptide was unable to form oligomers. GAP-43 and BASP1 oligomerization can be regulated by calmodulin, which disrupts the oligomers and displaces the proteins from the membrane. We suggest that in vivo, the role of membrane-bound GAP-43 and BASP1 oligomers consists in accumulation of PIP(2) in functional clusters, which become accessible for other PIP(2)-binding proteins after dissociation of the oligomers.
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Role of the growth-associated protein GAP-43 in NCAM-mediated neurite outgrowth. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 663:169-82. [PMID: 20017022 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1170-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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25
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Glutamate alteration of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in GABAergic neurons: The role of cysteine proteases. Exp Neurol 2008; 213:145-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Revised: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Calpain-mediated signaling mechanisms in neuronal injury and neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2008; 38:78-100. [PMID: 18686046 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-008-8036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Calpain is a ubiquitous calcium-sensitive protease that is essential for normal physiologic neuronal function. However, alterations in calcium homeostasis lead to persistent, pathologic activation of calpain in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Pathologic activation of calpain results in the cleavage of a number of neuronal substrates that negatively affect neuronal structure and function, leading to inhibition of essential neuronal survival mechanisms. In this review, we examine the mechanistic underpinnings of calcium dysregulation resulting in calpain activation in the acute neurodegenerative diseases such as cerebral ischemia and in the chronic neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, prion-related encephalopathy, and amylotrophic lateral sclerosis. The premise of this paper is that analysis of the signaling and transcriptional consequences of calpain-mediated cleavage of its various substrates for any neurodegenerative disease can be extrapolated to all of the neurodegenerative diseases vulnerable to calcium dysregulation.
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Korshunova I, Mosevitsky M. Role of the Growth-associated Protein GAP-43 in NCAM-mediated Neurite Outgrowth. Neurochem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-008-9800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Association of Gap-43 (neuromodulin) with microtubule-associated protein MAP-2 in neuronal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 371:679-83. [PMID: 18455509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.04.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gap-43 (B-50, neuromodulin) is a presynaptic protein implicated in axonal growth, neuronal differentiation, plasticity, and regeneration. Its activities are regulated by its dynamic interactions with various neuronal proteins, including actin and brain spectrin. Recently we have shown that Gap-43 co-localizes with an axonal protein DPYSL-3 in primary cortical neurons. In the present study we provide evidence that Gap-43 co-localizes and potentially interacts with microtubule-associated protein MAP-2 in adult and fetal rat brain, as well as in primary neuronal cultures. Our studies suggest that this interaction may be developmentally regulated.
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