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Rossin F, Avitabile E, Catarinella G, Fornetti E, Testa S, Oliverio S, Gargioli C, Cannata S, Latella L, Di Sano F. Reticulon-1C Involvement in Muscle Regeneration. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120855. [PMID: 34940613 PMCID: PMC8708675 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a very dynamic and plastic tissue, being essential for posture, locomotion and respiratory movement. Muscle atrophy or genetic muscle disorders, such as muscular dystrophies, are characterized by myofiber degeneration and replacement with fibrotic tissue. Recent studies suggest that changes in muscle metabolism such as mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis are implicated in many adverse conditions affecting skeletal muscle. Accumulating evidence also suggests that ER stress may play an important part in the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathies and genetic muscle disorders. Among the different known proteins regulating ER structure and function, we focused on RTN-1C, a member of the reticulon proteins family localized on the ER membrane. We previously demonstrated that RTN-1C expression modulates cytosolic calcium concentration and ER stress pathway. Moreover, we recently reported a role for the reticulon protein in autophagy regulation. In this study, we found that muscle differentiation process positively correlates with RTN-1C expression and UPR pathway up-regulation during myogenesis. To better characterize the role of the reticulon protein alongside myogenic and muscle regenerative processes, we performed in vivo experiments using either a model of muscle injury or a photogenic model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The obtained results revealed RTN-1C up-regulation in mice undergoing active regeneration and localization in the injured myofibers. The presented results strongly suggested that RTN-1C, as a protein involved in key aspects of muscle metabolism, may represent a new target to promote muscle regeneration and repair upon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.A.); (E.F.); (S.T.); (S.O.); (C.G.); (S.C.); (F.D.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elena Avitabile
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.A.); (E.F.); (S.T.); (S.O.); (C.G.); (S.C.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Giorgia Catarinella
- Epigenetics and Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (L.L.)
- DAHFMO, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ersilia Fornetti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.A.); (E.F.); (S.T.); (S.O.); (C.G.); (S.C.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Stefano Testa
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.A.); (E.F.); (S.T.); (S.O.); (C.G.); (S.C.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Serafina Oliverio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.A.); (E.F.); (S.T.); (S.O.); (C.G.); (S.C.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Cesare Gargioli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.A.); (E.F.); (S.T.); (S.O.); (C.G.); (S.C.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Stefano Cannata
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.A.); (E.F.); (S.T.); (S.O.); (C.G.); (S.C.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Lucia Latella
- Epigenetics and Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (L.L.)
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Di Sano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.A.); (E.F.); (S.T.); (S.O.); (C.G.); (S.C.); (F.D.S.)
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The Implication of Reticulons (RTNs) in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094630. [PMID: 33924890 PMCID: PMC8125174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reticulons (RTNs) are crucial regulatory factors in the central nervous system (CNS) as well as immune system and play pleiotropic functions. In CNS, RTNs are transmembrane proteins mediating neuroanatomical plasticity and functional recovery after central nervous system injury or diseases. Moreover, RTNs, particularly RTN4 and RTN3, are involved in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation processes. The crucial role of RTNs in the development of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or other neurological conditions such as brain injury or spinal cord injury, has attracted scientific interest. Reticulons, particularly RTN-4A (Nogo-A), could provide both an understanding of early pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders and be potential therapeutic targets which may offer effective treatment or inhibit disease progression. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms and functions of RTNs and their potential usefulness in clinical practice as a diagnostic tool or therapeutic strategy.
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Duan Y, Xiong D, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Li H, Dong H, Zhang J. Toxicological effects of microplastics in Litopenaeus vannamei as indicated by an integrated microbiome, proteomic and metabolomic approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143311. [PMID: 33229098 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are a hazardous pollutant of world concern that threaten aquatic organisms and ecosystems. In this study, we chose the worldwide-distributed shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei as a model and investigated the toxicological effects of five types of MPs on L. vannamei using several omics approaches. After 14 days of exposure to MPs, obvious intestinal microbiota variation was observed, such as increased abundances of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria and a decreased abundance of Firmicutes. Specifically, MPs induced several putative opportunistic pathogens and reduced lactic acid- and short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. Alternatively, MPs altered haemolymph proteome profiles, but the five types of MPs had different effects on the enriched pathways and the expression of immune-related proteins. Furthermore, MPs also caused haemolymph metabolite variation, especially in amino acid and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, and 28 differential metabolites were altered in the five MP-treated groups. Changes in intestinal bacteria were correlated with the haemolymph proteins and metabolites of the shrimp. Overall, these results reveal the toxicological effects of MPs on the intestinal microbiota and the host's immunity and metabolism in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Dalin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Hongbiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Jiasong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
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Ling J, Cai H, Lin M, Qi S, Du J, Chen L. RTN1-C mediates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via modulating autophagy. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:170-178. [PMID: 33372676 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been widely accepted that autophagic cell death exacerbates the progression of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Our previous study revealed that overexpression of reticulon protein 1-C (RTN1-C) is involved in cerebral I/R injury. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been studied intensively. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of RTN1-C on autophagy under cerebral I/R. Using an in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation and a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats, we found that the expression of RTN1-C protein was significantly upregulated. We also revealed that RTN1-C knockdown suppressed overactivated autophagy both in vivo and in vitro, as indicated by decreased expressions of autophagic proteins. The number of Beclin-1/propidium iodide-positive cells was significantly less in the LV-shRTN1-C group than in the LV-shNC group. In addition, rapamycin, an activator of autophagy, aggravated cerebral I/R injury. RTN1-C knockdown reduced brain infarct volume, improved neurological deficits, and attenuated cell vulnerability to cerebral I/R injury after rapamycin treatment. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that the modulation of autophagy from RTN1-C may play vital roles in cerebral I/R injury, providing a potential therapeutic treatment for ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ling
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Haijian Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology & Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Muya Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shunli Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology & Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lijian Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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Gargallo-Puyuelo CJ, Lanas Á, Carrera-Lasfuentes P, Ferrández Á, Quintero E, Carrillo M, Alonso-Abreu I, García-González MA. Familial Colorectal Cancer and Genetic Susceptibility: Colorectal Risk Variants in First-Degree Relatives of Patients With Colorectal Cancer. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 12:e00301. [PMID: 33534415 PMCID: PMC7861964 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological studies estimate that having a first-degree relative (FDR) with colorectal cancer (CRC) increases 2-fold to 3-fold the risk of developing the disease. Because FDRs of CRC patients are more likely to co-inherit CRC risk variants, we aimed to evaluate potential differences in genotype distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to CRC risk between FDRs of patients with nonsyndromic CRC (cases) and individuals with no family history of CRC (controls). METHODS We designed a case-control study comprising 750 cases and 750 Spanish Caucasian controls matched by sex, age, and histological findings after colonoscopy. Genomic DNA from all participants was genotyped for 88 SNPs associated with CRC risk using the MassArray (Sequenom) platform. RESULTS Ten of the 88 SNPs analyzed revealed significant associations (P < 0.05) with a family history of CRC in our population. The most robust associations were found for the rs17094983G>A SNP in the long noncoding RNA LINC01500 (odds ratio = 0.72; 95% confidence interval: 0.58-0.88, log-additive model), and the rs11255841T>A SNP in the long noncoding RNA LINC00709 (odds ratio = 2.04; 95% confidence interval: 1.19-3.51, dominant model). Of interest, the observed associations were in the same direction than those reported for CRC risk. DISCUSSION FDRs of CRC patients show significant differences in genotype distribution of SNPs related to CRC risk as compared to individuals with no family history of CRC. Genotyping of CRC risk variants in FDRs of CRC patients may help to identify subjects at risk that would benefit from stricter surveillance and CRC screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J. Gargallo-Puyuelo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- University of Zaragoza School of Medicine, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ángel Lanas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- University of Zaragoza School of Medicine, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERehd, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Ángel Ferrández
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Quintero
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- University of La Laguna, School of Medicine, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Marta Carrillo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Alonso-Abreu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - María Asunción García-González
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERehd, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
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Modulation of autophagy by RTN-1C: role in autophagosome biogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:868. [PMID: 31740665 PMCID: PMC6861279 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key organelle fundamental for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and to determine the cell’s fate under stress conditions. Among the known proteins that regulate ER structure and function there is Reticulon-1C (RTN-1C), a member of the reticulon family localized primarily on the ER membrane. We previously demonstrated that RTN-1C expression affects ER function and stress condition. ER is an essential site for the regulation of apoptotic pathways and it has also been recently recognized as an important component of autophagic signaling. Based on these evidences, we have investigated the impact of RTN-1C modulation on autophagy induction. Interestingly we found that reticulon overexpression is able to activate autophagic machinery and its silencing results in a significative inhibition of both basal and induced autophagic response. Using different experimental approaches we demonstrated that RTN-1C colocalizes with ATG16L and LC3II on the autophagosomes. Considering the key role of reticulon proteins in the control of ER membrane shaping and homeostasis, our data suggest the participation of RTN-1C in the autophagic vesicle biogenesis at the level of the ER compartment. Our data indicate a new mechanism by which this structural ER protein modulates cellular stress, that is at the basis of different autophagy-related pathologies.
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RTN1-C is involved in high glucose-aggravated neuronal cell subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation injury via endoplasmic reticulum stress. Brain Res Bull 2019; 149:129-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Guo XX, Su J, He XF. A 4-gene panel predicting the survival of patients with glioblastoma. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16037-16043. [PMID: 31081973 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify independently prognostic gene panel in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). MATERIALS AND METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-GBM was used as a training set and a test set. GSE13041 was used as a validation set. Survival associated differentially expression genes (DEGs), derived between GBM and normal brain tissue, was obtained using univariate Cox proportional hazards regression model and then was included in a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalized Cox proportional hazards regression model. Thus, a 4-gene prognostic panel was developed based on the risk score for each patient in that model. The prognostic role of the 4-gene panel was validated using univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS A total of 686 patients with GBM were included in our study; 724 DEGs was identified, 133 of which was significantly correlated with the overall survival (OS) of patients with GBM. A 4-gene panel including NMB, RTN1, GPC5, and epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3) was developed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis suggested that patients in the 4-gene panel low risk group had significantly better OS than those in the 4-gene panel high risk group in the training set (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.3826; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.2751-0.532; P < 0.0001), test set (HR = 0.718; 95% CI: 0.5282-0.9759; P = 0.033) and the independent validation set (HR = 0.6898; 95% CI: 0.4872-0.9766; P = 0.035). Both univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis suggested that the 4-gene panel was independent prognostic factor for GBM in the training set. CONCLUSION We developed and validated 4-gene panel that was independently correlated with the survival of patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiao Su
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Feng He
- Department of Science and Education, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
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Chang J, Zhang XL, Yu H, Chen J. Downregulation of RTN1-C attenuates MPP +-induced neuronal injury through inhibition of mGluR5 pathway in SN4741 cells. Brain Res Bull 2018; 146:1-6. [PMID: 30521940 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reticulons (RTNs) are a group of membrane-bound proteins that are dominantly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). RTN1-C, one isoform of RTNs highly expressed in the brain, has been shown to mediate neuronal injury in cerebral ischemia models. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of RTN1-C in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease (PD) mimicked by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) treatment in SN4741 cells. We found that MPP+ significantly increased the expression of RTN1-C, with no effect on RTN1-A and RTN1-B. Downregulation of RTN1-C using siRNA (Si-RTN1-C) markedly increased cell viability and inhibited apoptosis induced by MPP+ treatment. The results of western blot showed that downregulation of RTN1-C inhibited the surface expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) but had no effect on mGluR1. The protective effects of Si-RTN1-C were partially prevented by activating mGluR5, not mGluR1. In addition, the results of Ca2+ imaging showed that downregulation of RTN1-C attenuated intracellular Ca2+ release induced by MPP+, which could be nullified by activation of mGluR5 pathway. In conclusion, our data suggest that downregulation of RTN1-C protects SN4741 cells against MPP+ through mGluR5-mediated preservation of Ca2+ homeostasis. Therefore, RTN1-C might represent a therapeutic target for the treatment of neuronal injury in experimental PD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China
| | - Xiao-Le Zhang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China.
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Fan XX, Hao YY, Guo SW, Zhao XP, Xiang Y, Feng FX, Liang GT, Dong YW. Knockdown of RTN1-C attenuates traumatic neuronal injury through regulating intracellular Ca 2+ homeostasis. Neurochem Int 2018; 121:19-25. [PMID: 30352262 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Reticulons (RTNs) are a family of membrane-bound proteins that are dominantly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. RTN1-C is one member of RTNs abundantly expressed in the brain and has been shown to mediate neuronal injury in cerebral ischemia models. In the present study, we investigated the role of RTN1-C in an in vitro brain trauma model mimicked by traumatic neuronal injury (TNI) in primary cultured cortical neurons. TNI increased the expression of RTN1-C in cortical neurons but had no effect on RTN1-A and RTN1-B. Knockdown of RTN1-C with specific siRNA (Si-RTN1-C) significantly decreased cytotoxicity and apoptosis after TNI. The results of Ca2+ imaging showed that intracellular Ca2+ overload induced by TNI was attenuated by RTN1-C knockdown. Furthermore, the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1)-induced Ca2+ response was partially prevented by Si-RTN1-C transfection. We also evaluated the role of RTN1-C in store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in cortical neurons using the ER Ca2+ inducer thapsigargin (Tg). The results showed that knockdown of RTN1-C alleviated the SOCE-mediated Ca2+ influx and decreased the expression of stromal interactive molecule 1 (STIM1). In summary, the present study found that knockdown of RTN1-C protected neurons against TNI via preservation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, which was associated with the inhibition of mGluR1-mediated ER Ca2+ release and suppression of STIM1-related SOCE. Thus, RTN1-C might represent a therapeutic target for traumatic brain injury (TBI) research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xuan Fan
- Neurosurgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China; Neurosurgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Ying Hao
- Neurosurgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shi-Wen Guo
- Neurosurgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhao
- Neurosurgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- Neurosurgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei-Xue Feng
- Medical Inspection Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ge-Ting Liang
- Neurosurgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Wei Dong
- Neurosurgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
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Dornadula S, Thiruppathi S, Palanisamy R, Umapathy D, Suzuki T, K. Mohanram R. Differential proteomic profiling identifies novel molecular targets of pterostilbene against experimental diabetes. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1996-2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sireesh Dornadula
- SRM Research InstituteSRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Suresh Thiruppathi
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapy ProductsNational Institute of Health SciencesTokyo Japan
| | | | - Dhamodharan Umapathy
- SRM Research InstituteSRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapy ProductsNational Institute of Health SciencesTokyo Japan
| | - Ramkumar K. Mohanram
- SRM Research InstituteSRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
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Encephalitis is mediated by ROP18 of Toxoplasma gondii, a severe pathogen in AIDS patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5344-E5352. [PMID: 29784816 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801118115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotropic parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a globally distributed parasitic protozoan among mammalian hosts, including humans. During the course of infection, the CNS is the most commonly damaged organ among invaded tissues. The polymorphic rhoptry protein 18 (ROP18) is a key serine (Ser)/threonine (Thr) kinase that phosphorylates host proteins to modulate acute virulence. However, the basis of neurotropism and the specific substrates through which ROP18 exerts neuropathogenesis remain unknown. Using mass spectrometry, we performed proteomic analysis of proteins that selectively bind to active ROP18 and identified RTN1-C, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein that is preferentially expressed in the CNS. We demonstrated that ROP18 is associated with the N-terminal portion of RTN1-C and specifically phosphorylates RTN1-C at Ser7/134 and Thr4/8/118. ROP18 phosphorylation of RTN1-C triggers ER stress-mediated apoptosis in neural cells. Remarkably, ROP18 phosphorylation of RTN1-C enhances glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) acetylation by attenuating the activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC), and this event is associated with an increase of neural apoptosis. These results clearly demonstrate that both RTN1-C and HDACs are involved in T. gondii ROP18-mediated pathogenesis of encephalitis during Toxoplasma infection.
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13
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The Reticulum-Associated Protein RTN1A Specifically Identifies Human Dendritic Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1318-1327. [PMID: 29369773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RTN1 is an endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein that was initially identified in neuronal tissues. Here we show that the main isoform RTN1A is a marker for dendritic cells. In the skin, HLA-DR+CD1ahighCD207+CD11cweak Langerhans cells were the only cells in the epidermis, and HLA-DR+CD11c+ dendritic cells were the main cells in the dermis, expressing this protein. RTN1A+ dendritic cells were also found in gingiva, trachea, tonsil, thymus, and peripheral blood. During differentiation of MUTZ-3 cells into Langerhans cells, expression of RTN1A mRNA and protein preceded established Langerhans cell markers CD1a and CD207, and RTN1A protein partially co-localized with the endoplasmic reticulum marker protein disulfide isomerase. In line with this observation, we found that RTN1A was expressed by around 80% of Langerhans cell precursors in human embryonic skin. Our findings show that RTN1A is a marker for cells of the dendritic lineage, including Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells. This unexpected finding will serve as a starting point for the elucidation of the, until now, elusive functional roles of RTN1A in both the immune and the nervous system.
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14
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Velásquez E, Nogueira FCS, Velásquez I, Schmitt A, Falkai P, Domont GB, Martins-de-Souza D. Synaptosomal Proteome of the Orbitofrontal Cortex from Schizophrenia Patients Using Quantitative Label-Free and iTRAQ-Based Shotgun Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:4481-4494. [PMID: 28949146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic and incurable neuropsychiatric disorder that affects about one percent of the world population. The proteomic characterization of the synaptosome fraction of the orbitofrontal cortex is useful for providing valuable information about the molecular mechanisms of synaptic functions in these patients. Quantitative analyses of synaptic proteins were made with eight paranoid schizophrenia patients and a pool of eight healthy controls free of mental diseases. Label-free and iTRAQ labeling identified a total of 2018 protein groups. Statistical analyses revealed 12 and 55 significantly dysregulated proteins by iTRAQ and label-free, respectively. Quantitative proteome analyses showed an imbalance in the calcium signaling pathway and proteins such as reticulon-1 and cytochrome c, related to endoplasmic reticulum stress and programmed cell death. Also, it was found that there is a significant increase in limbic-system-associated membrane protein and α-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, associated with the regulation of human behavior. Our data contribute to a better understanding about apoptosis as a possible pathophysiological mechanism of this disease as well as neural systems supporting social behavior in schizophrenia. This study also is a joint effort of the Chr 15 C-HPP team and the Human Brain Proteome Project of B/D-HPP. All MS proteomics data are deposited in the ProteomeXchange Repository under PXD006798.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Velásquez
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio C S Nogueira
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Proteomics, LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, 21941-598 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU) , 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU) , 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Gilberto B Domont
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas, 13083-862 São Paulo, Brazil.,UNICAMP's Neurobiology Center , Campinas, 13083-888 São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico , São Paulo, 01060-970 São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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RTN1-C mediates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via ER stress and mitochondria-associated apoptosis pathways. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3080. [PMID: 28981095 PMCID: PMC5680587 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The reticulon family has been found to induce apoptosis, inhibit axon regeneration and regulate protein trafficking. However, little is known about the mechanisms of how reticulon proteins are involved in neuronal death-promoting processes during ischemia. Here, we report that the expression of Reticulon Protein 1-C (RTN1-C) was associated with the progression of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Using a combination of rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke and oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R) models, we determined that the expression of RTN1-C was significantly increased during cerebral ischemic/reperfusion. RTN1-C overexpression induced apoptosis and increased the cell vulnerability to ischemic injury, whereas RTN1-C knockdown reversed ischemia-induced apoptosis and attenuated the vulnerability of OGD/R-treated neural cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that RTN1-C mediated OGD/R-induced apoptosis through ER stress and mitochondria-associated pathways. RTN1-C interacted with Bcl-xL and increased its localization in the ER, thus reducing the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl-xL. Most importantly, knockdown of Rtn1-c expression in vivo attenuated apoptosis in MCAO rats and reduced the extent of I/R-induced brain injury, as assessed by infarct volume and neurological score. Collectively, these data support for the first time that RTN1-C may represent a novel candidate for therapies against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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16
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Obacz J, Avril T, Le Reste PJ, Urra H, Quillien V, Hetz C, Chevet E. Endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis in glioblastoma—From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic perspectives. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/470/eaal2323. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aal2323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Lemire M, Qu C, Loo LWM, Zaidi SHE, Wang H, Berndt SI, Bézieau S, Brenner H, Campbell PT, Chan AT, Chang-Claude J, Du M, Edlund CK, Gallinger S, Haile RW, Harrison TA, Hoffmeister M, Hopper JL, Hou L, Hsu L, Jacobs EJ, Jenkins MA, Jeon J, Küry S, Li L, Lindor NM, Newcomb PA, Potter JD, Rennert G, Rudolph A, Schoen RE, Schumacher FR, Seminara D, Severi G, Slattery ML, White E, Woods MO, Cotterchio M, Marchand LL, Casey G, Gruber SB, Peters U, Hudson TJ. A genome-wide association study for colorectal cancer identifies a risk locus in 14q23.1. Hum Genet 2015; 134:1249-1262. [PMID: 26404086 PMCID: PMC4687971 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1598-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over 50 loci associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) have been uncovered by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Identifying additional loci has the potential to help elucidate aspects of the underlying biological processes leading to better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. We re-evaluated a GWAS by excluding controls that have family history of CRC or personal history of colorectal polyps, as we hypothesized that their inclusion reduces power to detect associations. This is supported empirically and through simulations. Two-phase GWAS analysis was performed in a total of 16,517 cases and 14,487 controls. We identified rs17094983, a SNP associated with risk of CRC [p = 2.5 × 10(-10); odds ratio estimated by re-including all controls (OR) = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83-0.91; minor allele frequency (MAF) = 13%]. Results were replicated in samples of African descent (1894 cases and 4703 controls; p = 0.01; OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.77-0.97; MAF = 16 %). Gene expression data in 195 colon adenocarcinomas and 59 normal colon tissues from two different studies revealed that this locus has genotypes that are associated with RTN1 (Reticulon 1) expression (p = 0.001), a protein-coding gene involved in survival and proliferation of cancer cells which is highly expressed in normal colon tissues but has significantly reduced expression in tumor cells (p = 1.3 × 10(-8)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Lemire
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Conghui Qu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lenora W M Loo
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Syed H E Zaidi
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Hansong Wang
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- EA 4273, Faculté de médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mengmeng Du
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christopher K Edlund
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5S 1X5, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Robert W Haile
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Tabitha A Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Illinois
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jihyoun Jeon
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sébastien Küry
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Li Li
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center and Swetland Center for Environmental Health, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
| | - John D Potter
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit Health Services National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
- Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Seminara
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
| | - Martha L Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Emily White
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael O Woods
- Discipline of Genetics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NF A1B 3V6, Canada
| | | | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Graham Casey
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven B Gruber
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas J Hudson
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
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18
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Fan Y, Xiao W, Li Z, Li X, Chuang PY, Jim B, Zhang W, Wei C, Wang N, Jia W, Xiong H, Lee K, He JC. RTN1 mediates progression of kidney disease by inducing ER stress. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7841. [PMID: 26227493 PMCID: PMC4532799 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of new biomarkers and drug targets for chronic kidney disease (CKD) is required for the development of more effective therapy. Here we report an association between expression of reticulon 1 (RTN1) and severity of CKD. An isoform-specific increase in the expression of RTN1A is detected in the diseased kidneys from mice and humans, and correlates inversely with renal function in patients with diabetic nephropathy. RTN1 overexpression in renal cells induces ER stress and apoptosis, whereas RTN1 knockdown attenuates tunicamycin-induced and hyperglycaemia-induced ER stress and apoptosis. RTN1A interacts with PERK through its N-terminal and C-terminal domains, and mutation of these domains prevents this effect on ER stress. Knockdown of Rtn1a expression in vivo attenuates ER stress and renal fibrosis in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction, and also attenuates ER stress, proteinuria, glomerular hypertrophy and mesangial expansion in diabetic mice. Together, these data indicate that RTN1A contributes to progression of kidney disease by inducing ER stress. ER stress is associated with the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and new CKD therapies are needed. Here the authors show that expression of Rtn1 can control severity of renal disease and that inhibition of its expression can attenuate ER stress and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wenzhen Xiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhengzhe Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
| | - Xuezhu Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
| | - Peter Y Chuang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
| | - Belinda Jim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
| | - Chengguo Wei
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Immunology Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Kyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
| | - John C He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
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Chen L, Wan L, Du J, Shen Y. Identification of MANF as a protein interacting with RTN1-C. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:91-7. [PMID: 25543119 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reticulons (RTNs) constitute a family of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated proteins with a reticular distribution. Recently, evidence has shown that they exert a cancer-specific proapoptotic function via interaction or modulation of specific proteins. Such evidence is particularly associated with the RTN1-C family members. In order to explore proteins that interact with RTN1-C, the yeast two-hybrid system and regular molecular biological techniques were used to screen the human fetal brain cDNA library. As a result, seven RTN1-C interacting proteins including Homo sapiens mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) were obtained. The interactions between RTN1-C and its interacting proteins were confirmed by β-galactosidase assay and growth test in selective media. Moreover, the MANF/RTN1-C interaction was verified in vitro by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay and in vivo by immunoprecipitation assay. By immunofluorescence assay, it was found that MANF co-localized with RTN1-C in the ER. Knockdown of RTN1-C reduced the localization of MANF in the ER. These results provide clues to further explore the function of RTN1-C and MANF in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China Department of Anaesthesiology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lijuan Wan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jian Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuxian Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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20
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Mo CF, Wu FC, Tai KY, Chang WC, Chang KW, Kuo HC, Ho HN, Chen HF, Lin SP. Loss of non-coding RNA expression from the DLK1-DIO3 imprinted locus correlates with reduced neural differentiation potential in human embryonic stem cell lines. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:1. [PMID: 25559585 PMCID: PMC4417332 DOI: 10.1186/scrt535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pluripotent stem cells are increasingly used to build therapeutic models, including the transplantation of neural progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), including delta-like homolog 1 gene and the type III iodothyronine deiodinase gene (DLK1-DIO3) imprinted locus-derived maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), were found to be expressed during neural development. The deregulation of these lncRNAs is associated with various neurological diseases. The imprinted locus DLK1-DIO3 encodes abundant non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are regulated by differential methylation of the locus. We aim to study the correlation between the DLK1-DIO3-derived ncRNAs and the capacity of hESCs to differentiate into neural lineages. METHODS We classified hESC sublines into MEG3-ON and MEG3-OFF based on the expression levels of MEG3 and its downstream microRNAs as detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A cDNA microarray was used to analyze the gene expression profiles of hESCs. To investigate the capacity of neural differentiation in MEG3-ON and MEG3-OFF hESCs, we performed neural lineage differentiation followed by neural lineage marker expression and neurite formation analyses via qRT-PCR and immunocytochemistry, respectively. MEG3-knockdown via small interfering RNA (siRNA) and small hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to investigate the potential causative effect of MEG3 in regulating neural lineage-related gene expression. RESULTS DLK1-DIO3-derived ncRNAs were repressed in MEG3-OFF hESCs compared with those in the MEG3-ON hESCs. The transcriptome profile indicated that many genes related to nervous system development and neural-type tumors were differentially expressed in MEG3-OFF hESCs. Three independent MEG3-knockdown assays using different siRNA and shRNA constructs consistently resulted in downregulation of some neural lineage genes. Lower expression levels of stage-specific neural lineage markers and reduced neurite formation were observed in neural lineage-like cells derived from MEG3-OFF-associated hESCs compared with those in the MEG3-ON groups at the same time points after differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Repression of ncRNAs derived from the DLK1-DIO3 imprinted locus is associated with reduced neural lineage differentiation potential in hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Fan Mo
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Chun Wu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine and the Hospital, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Kang-Yu Tai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan. .,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chun Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Wei Chang
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan. .,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Chih Kuo
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Nerng Ho
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine and the Hospital, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Fu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine and the Hospital, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Shau-Ping Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan. .,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Research Centre for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan. .,Centre for Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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21
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Reali V, Mehdawy B, Nardacci R, Filomeni G, Risuglia A, Rossin F, Antonioli M, Marsella C, Fimia GM, Piacentini M, Di Sano F. Reticulon protein-1C is a key component of MAMs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:733-45. [PMID: 25573430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key organelle fundamental for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and the determination of cell fate under stress conditions. Reticulon-1C (RTN-1C) is a member of the reticulon family proteins localized primarily on the ER membrane and known to regulate ER structure and function. Several cellular processes depend on the structural and functional crosstalk between different organelles, particularly on the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. These dynamic contacts, called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), are essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial structure and participate in lipid and calcium exchanges between the two organelles. In this study we investigated the impact of RTN-1C modulation on mitochondrial dynamics. We demonstrate that RTN-1C controls mitochondrial structure and function affecting intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and lipid exchange between ER and mitochondria. We propose that these events depend on RTN-1C involvement in the regulation of ER-mitochondria cross-talk and define a role for RTN-1C in maintaining the function of contacts between the two organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Reali
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Bisan Mehdawy
- European Centre for Brain Research, IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Nardacci
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Via Portuense, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Risuglia
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Antonioli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Via Portuense, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Marsella
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Via Portuense, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Via Portuense, 00149 Rome, Italy; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Via Portuense, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Di Sano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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22
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Both J, Krijgsman O, Bras J, Schaap GR, Baas F, Ylstra B, Hulsebos TJM. Focal chromosomal copy number aberrations identify CMTM8 and GPR177 as new candidate driver genes in osteosarcoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115835. [PMID: 25551557 PMCID: PMC4281204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone tumor that preferentially develops in adolescents. The tumor is characterized by an abundance of genomic aberrations, which hampers the identification of the driver genes involved in osteosarcoma tumorigenesis. Our study aims to identify these genes by the investigation of focal copy number aberrations (CNAs, <3 Mb). For this purpose, we subjected 26 primary tumors of osteosarcoma patients to high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism array analyses and identified 139 somatic focal CNAs. Of these, 72 had at least one gene located within or overlapping the focal CNA, with a total of 94 genes. For 84 of these genes, the expression status in 31 osteosarcoma samples was determined by expression microarray analysis. This enabled us to identify the genes of which the over- or underexpression was in more than 35% of cases in accordance to their copy number status (gain or loss). These candidate genes were subsequently validated in an independent set and furthermore corroborated as driver genes by verifying their role in other tumor types. We identified CMTM8 as a new candidate tumor suppressor gene and GPR177 as a new candidate oncogene in osteosarcoma. In osteosarcoma, CMTM8 has been shown to suppress EGFR signaling. In other tumor types, CMTM8 is known to suppress the activity of the oncogenic protein c-Met and GPR177 is known as an overexpressed upstream regulator of the Wnt-pathway. Further studies are needed to determine whether these proteins also exert the latter functions in osteosarcoma tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeri Both
- Department of Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar Krijgsman
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Bras
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard R. Schaap
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Theo J. M. Hulsebos
- Department of Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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23
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Chiurchiù V, Maccarrone M, Orlacchio A. The role of reticulons in neurodegenerative diseases. Neuromolecular Med 2013; 16:3-15. [PMID: 24218324 PMCID: PMC3918113 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-013-8271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reticulons (RTNs) are a group of membrane-associated proteins mainly responsible for shaping the tubular endoplasmic reticulum network, membrane trafficking, inhibition of axonal growth, and apoptosis. These proteins share a common sequence feature, the reticulon homology domain, which consists of paired hydrophobic stretches that are believed to induce membrane curvature by acting as a wedge in bilayer membranes. RTNs are ubiquitously expressed in all tissues, but each RTN member exhibits a unique expression pattern that prefers certain tissues or even cell types. Recently, accumulated evidence has suggested additional and unexpected roles for RTNs, including those on DNA binding, autophagy, and several inflammatory-related functions. These manifold actions of RTNs account for their ever-growing recognition of their involvement in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, as well as hereditary spastic paraplegia. This review summarizes the latest discoveries on RTNs in human pathophysiology, and the engagement of these in neurodegeneration, along with the implications of these findings for a better understanding of the molecular events triggered by RTNs and their potential exploitation as next-generation therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Chiurchiù
- Laboratorio di Neurochimica dei Lipidi, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC) - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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24
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Teng FYH, Tang BL. Nogo/RTN4 isoforms and RTN3 expression protect SH-SY5Y cells against multiple death insults. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 384:7-19. [PMID: 23955438 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1776-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Among the members of the reticulon (RTN) family, Nogo-A/RTN4A, a prominent myelin-associated neurite growth inhibitory protein, and RTN3 are highly expressed in neurons. However, neuronal cell-autonomous functions of Nogo-A, as well as other members of the RTN family, are unclear. We show here that SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells stably over-expressing either two of the three major isoforms of Nogo/RTN4 (Nogo-A and Nogo-B) or a major isoform of RTN3 were protected against cell death induced by a battery of apoptosis-inducing agents (including serum deprivation, staurosporine, etoposide, and H2O2) compared to vector-transfected control cells. Nogo-A, -B, and RTN3 are particularly effective in terms of protection against H2O2-induced increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and ensuing apoptotic and autophagic cell death. Expression of these RTNs upregulated basal levels of Bax, activated Bax, and activated caspase 3, but did not exhibit an enhanced ER stress response. The protective effect of RTNs is also not dependent on classical survival-promoting signaling pathways such as Akt and Erk kinase pathways. Neuron-enriched Nogo-A/Rtn4A and RTN3 may, therefore, exert a protective effect on neuronal cells against death stimuli, and elevation of their levels during injury may have a cell-autonomous survival-promoting function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Yu Hsuan Teng
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, MD7, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore
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25
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Bernardoni P, Fazi B, Costanzi A, Nardacci R, Montagna C, Filomeni G, Ciriolo MR, Piacentini M, Di Sano F. Reticulon1-C modulates protein disulphide isomerase function. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e581. [PMID: 23559015 PMCID: PMC3641336 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the primary site for the synthesis and folding of secreted and membrane-bound proteins. Accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in ER underlies a wide range of human neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, molecules regulating the ER stress response represent potential candidates as drug targets for tackling these diseases. Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) is a chaperone involved in ER stress pathway, its activity being an important cellular defense against protein misfolding. Here, we demonstrate that human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing the reticulon protein 1-C (RTN1-C) reticulon family member show a PDI punctuate subcellular distribution identified as ER vesicles. This represents an event associated with a significant increase of PDI enzymatic activity. We provide evidence that the modulation of PDI localization and activity does not only rely upon ER stress induction or upregulation of its synthesis, but tightly correlates to an alteration in its nitrosylation status. By using different RTN1-C mutants, we demonstrate that the observed effects depend on RTN1-C N-terminal region and on the integrity of the microtubule network. Overall, our results indicate that RTN1-C induces PDI redistribution in ER vesicles, and concomitantly modulates its activity by decreasing the levels of its S-nitrosylated form. Thus RTN1-C represents a promising candidate to modulate PDI function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bernardoni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
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26
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Pignataro L, Varodayan FP, Tannenholz LE, Protiva P, Harrison NL. Brief alcohol exposure alters transcription in astrocytes via the heat shock pathway. Brain Behav 2013; 3:114-33. [PMID: 23533150 PMCID: PMC3607153 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are critical for maintaining homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS), and also participate in the genomic response of the brain to drugs of abuse, including alcohol. In this study, we investigated ethanol regulation of gene expression in astrocytes. A microarray screen revealed that a brief exposure of cortical astrocytes to ethanol increased the expression of a large number of genes. Among the alcohol-responsive genes (ARGs) are glial-specific immune response genes, as well as genes involved in the regulation of transcription, cell proliferation, and differentiation, and genes of the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. Genes involved in metabolism were also upregulated by alcohol exposure, including genes associated with oxidoreductase activity, insulin-like growth factor signaling, acetyl-CoA, and lipid metabolism. Previous microarray studies performed on ethanol-treated hepatocyte cultures and mouse liver tissue revealed the induction of almost identical classes of genes to those identified in our microarray experiments, suggesting that alcohol induces similar signaling mechanisms in the brain and liver. We found that acute ethanol exposure activated heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) in astrocytes, as demonstrated by the translocation of this transcription factor to the nucleus and the induction of a family of known HSF1-dependent genes, the heat shock proteins (Hsps). Transfection of a constitutively transcriptionally active Hsf1 construct into astrocytes induced many of the ARGs identified in our microarray study supporting the hypothesis that HSF1 transcriptional activity, as part of the heat shock cascade, may mediate the ethanol induction of these genes. These data indicate that acute ethanol exposure alters gene expression in astrocytes, in part via the activation of HSF1 and the heat shock cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Pignataro
- Department of Anesthesiology The College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University 630 West 168th St., New York, NY, 10032
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27
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Di Sano F, Piacentini M. Reticulon Protein-1C: A New Hope in the Treatment of Different Neuronal Diseases. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:651805. [PMID: 22693512 PMCID: PMC3368183 DOI: 10.1155/2012/651805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reticulons (RTNs) are a group of membrane proteins localized on the ER and known to regulate ER structure and functions. Several studies have suggested that RTNs are involved in different important cellular functions such as changes in calcium homeostasis, ER-stress-mediated cell death, and autophagy. RTNs have been demonstrated to exert a cancer specific proapoptotic function via the interaction or the modulation of specific proteins. Reticulons have also been implicated in different signaling pathways which are at the basis of the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper we discuss the accumulating evidence identifying RTN-1C protein as a promising target in the treatment of different pathologies such as cancer or neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Sano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS “L. Spallanzani”, Via Portuense, 00149 Rome, Italy
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28
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Di Sano F, Bernardoni P, Piacentini M. The reticulons: guardians of the structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:1201-7. [PMID: 22425683 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consists of the nuclear envelope and a peripheral network of tubules and membrane sheets. The tubules are shaped by a specific class of curvature stabilizing proteins, the reticulons and DP1; however it is still unclear how the sheets are assembled. The ER is the cellular compartment responsible for secretory and membrane protein synthesis. The reducing conditions of ER lead to the intra/inter-chain formation of new disulphide bonds into polypeptides during protein folding assessed by enzymatic or spontaneous reactions. Moreover, ER represents the main intracellular calcium storage site and it plays an important role in calcium signaling that impacts many cellular processes. Accordingly, the maintenance of ER function represents an essential condition for the cell, and ER morphology constitutes an important prerogative of it. Furthermore, it is well known that ER undergoes prominent shape transitions during events such as cell division and differentiation. Thus, maintaining the correct ER structure is an essential feature for cellular physiology. Now, it is known that proper ER-associated proteins play a fundamental role in ER tubules formation. Among these ER-shaping proteins are the reticulons (RTN), which are acquiring a relevant position. In fact, beyond the structural role of reticulons, in very recent years new and deeper functional implications of these proteins are emerging in relation to their involvement in several cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Sano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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29
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Pernet V, Joly S, Dalkara D, Schwarz O, Christ F, Schaffer D, Flannery JG, Schwab ME. Neuronal Nogo-A upregulation does not contribute to ER stress-associated apoptosis but participates in the regenerative response in the axotomized adult retina. Cell Death Differ 2011; 19:1096-108. [PMID: 22193546 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nogo-A, an axonal growth inhibitory protein known to be mostly present in CNS myelin, was upregulated in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after optic nerve injury in adult mice. Nogo-A increased concomitantly with the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) marker C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), but CHOP immunostaining and the apoptosis marker annexin V did not co-localize with Nogo-A in individual RGC cell bodies, suggesting that injury-induced Nogo-A upregulation is not involved in axotomy-induced cell death. Silencing Nogo-A with an adeno-associated virus serotype 2 containing a short hairpin RNA (AAV2.shRNA-Nogo-A) or Nogo-A gene ablation in knock-out (KO) animals had little effect on the lesion-induced cell stress or death. On the other hand, Nogo-A overexpression mediated by AAV2.Nogo-A exacerbated RGC cell death after injury. Strikingly, however, injury-induced sprouting of the cut axons and the expression of growth-associated molecules were markedly reduced by AAV2.shRNA-Nogo-A. The axonal growth in the optic nerve activated by the intraocular injection of the inflammatory molecule Pam3Cys tended to be lower in Nogo-A KO mice than in WT mice. Nogo-A overexpression in RGCs in vivo or in the neuronal cell line F11 in vitro promoted regeneration, demonstrating a positive, cell-autonomous role for neuronal Nogo-A in the modulation of axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pernet
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
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30
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Yamaji T, Nishikawa K, Hanada K. Transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing (TMBIM) family proteins perturbs a trans-Golgi network enzyme, Gb3 synthase, and reduces Gb3 biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:35505-18. [PMID: 20837469 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.154229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) is a well known receptor for Shiga toxin (Stx), produced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae. The expression of Gb3 also affects several diseases, including cancer metastasis and Fabry disease, which prompted us to look for factors involved in its metabolism. In the present study, we isolated two cDNAs that conferred resistance to Stx-induced cell death in HeLa cells by expression cloning: ganglioside GM3 synthase and the COOH terminus region of glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl-D-asparate-associated protein 1 (GRINA), a member of the transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing (TMBIM) family. Overexpression of the truncated form, named GRINA-C, and some members of the full-length TMBIM family, including FAS inhibitory molecule 2 (FAIM2), reduced Gb3, and lactosylceramide was accumulated instead. The change of glycolipid composition was restored by overexpression of Gb3 synthase, suggesting that the synthase is affected by GRINA-C and FAIM2. Interestingly, the mRNA level of Gb3 synthase was unchanged. Rather, localization of the synthase as well as TGN46, a trans-Golgi network marker, was perturbed to form punctate structures, and degradation of the synthase in lysosomes was enhanced. Furthermore, GRINA-C was associated with Gb3 synthase. These observations may demonstrate a new type of posttranscriptional regulation of glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yamaji
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
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31
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Astolfi A, Nannini M, Pantaleo MA, Di Battista M, Heinrich MC, Santini D, Catena F, Corless CL, Maleddu A, Saponara M, Lolli C, Di Scioscio V, Formica S, Biasco G. A molecular portrait of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: an integrative analysis of gene expression profiling and high-resolution genomic copy number. J Transl Med 2010; 90:1285-94. [PMID: 20548289 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2010.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to KIT and PDGFRA mutations, sequential accumulation of other genetic events is involved in the development and progression of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Until recently, the significance of these other alterations has not been thoroughly investigated. We report the first study that integrates gene expression profiling and high-resolution genomic copy number analyses in GIST. Fresh tissue specimens from 25 patients with GIST were collected, and gene expression profiling and high-resolution genomic copy number analyses were performed, using Affymetrix U133Plus and SNP array 6.0. We found that all 21 mutant GIST patients showed both macroscopic cytogenetic alterations and cryptic microdeletions or amplifications, whereas 75% (three of four) of wild-type patients with GIST did not show genomic imbalances. The most frequently observed chromosomal alterations in patients with mutant GIST included 14q complete or partial deletion (17 of 25), 1p deletion (14 of 25) and 22q deletion (10 of 25). Genetic targets of the chromosomal aberrations were selected by integrated analysis of copy number and gene expression data. We detected the involvement of known oncogenes and tumor suppressors including KRAS in chr 12p amplification and KIF1B, PPM1A, NF2 in chr 1p, 14q and 22p deletions, respectively. The genomic segment most frequently altered in mutated samples was the 14q23.1 region, which contains potentially novel tumor suppressors, including DAAM1, RTN1 and DACT1. siRNA-mediated RTN1 downregulation showed evidence for the potential role in GIST pathogenesis. The combination of gene expression profiling and high-resolution genomic copy number analysis offers a detailed molecular portrait of GISTs, providing an essential comprehensive knowledge necessary to guide the discovery of novel target genes involved in tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Astolfi
- Interdepartmental Centre for Cancer Research G. Prodi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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32
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Characterization of gene expression induced by RTN-1C in human neuroblastoma cells and in mouse brain. Neurobiol Dis 2010; 40:634-44. [PMID: 20708685 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated pathway is involved in a wide range of human neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, molecules that regulate the ER stress response represent potential candidates as drug targets to tackle these diseases. In previous studies we demonstrated that upon acetylation the reticulon-1C (RTN-1C) variant of the reticulon family leads to inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymatic activity and endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent apoptosis. Here, by microarray analysis of the whole human genome we found that RTN-1C is able to specifically regulate gene expression, modulating transcript clusters which have been implicated in the onset of neurodegenerative disorders. Interestingly, we show that some of the identified genes were also modulated in vivo in a brain-specific mouse model overexpressing RTN-1C. These data provide a basis for further investigation of RTN-1C as a potential molecular target for use in therapy and as a specific marker for neurological diseases.
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33
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Protein disulfide isomerase and the endoplasmic reticulum in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurosci 2010; 30:3865-7. [PMID: 20237255 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0408-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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34
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Fazi B, Melino S, De Rubeis S, Bagni C, Paci M, Piacentini M, Di Sano F. Acetylation of RTN-1C regulates the induction of ER stress by the inhibition of HDAC activity in neuroectodermal tumors. Oncogene 2009; 28:3814-24. [PMID: 19668229 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reticulons are a family of highly conserved proteins, localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and involved in different cellular functions, such as intracellular membrane trafficking, apoptosis and nuclear envelope formation. The reticulon protein family consists of four members, but their specific functions are presently poorly understood. RTN-1C overexpression triggers apoptosis, regulating ER stress versus DNA damage-induced cell death in a mutually exclusive way. The different RTN isoforms share a C-terminal reticulon homology domain containing two hydrophobic segments and a 66-amino acid hydrophilic loop. In the C-terminal region of RTN-1C, a unique consensus sequence (GAKRH) has recently been identified, showing 100% identity with the DNA-binding domain of histone H4. In this study, we show that this sequence is essential for RTN-1C-mediated apoptosis. It is noteworthy that the lysine 204 present in this region is post-translationally modified by acetylation and that this event is associated with a significant decrease in histone deacetylase activity and contributes to RTN-1C binding to DNA. These data demonstrate a molecular mechanism by which RTN-1C controls apoptosis and indicate this protein to be a novel potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fazi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 133, Italy
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35
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Melino S, Nepravishta R, Bellomaria A, Di Marco S, Paci M. Nucleic acid binding of the RTN1-C C-terminal region: toward the functional role of a reticulon protein. Biochemistry 2009; 48:242-53. [PMID: 19140693 DOI: 10.1021/bi801407w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RTN1-C protein is a membrane protein localized in the ER and expressed in the nervous system. Its biological role is still unclear, although interactions of the N-terminal region of RTN1-C with proteins involved in vesicle trafficking have been observed, but the role of the C-terminal region of this family protein remains to be investigated. By a homology analysis of the amino acid sequence, we identified in the C-terminal region of RTN1-C a unique consensus sequence characteristic of H4 histone protein. Thus, a 23-mer peptide (RTN1-C(CT)) corresponding to residues 186-208 of RTN1-C was synthesized, and its conformation and its interaction with nucleic acids were investigated. Here we demonstrate the strong ability of RTN1-C(CT) peptide to bind and condense the nucleic acids using electrophoretic and spectroscopic techniques. To determine if the binding of RTN1-C to nucleic acids could be regulated in vivo by an acetylation-deacetylation mechanism, as for the histone proteins, we studied the interaction of RTN1-C with one zinc-dependent histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme, HDAC8, with fluorescence and kinetic techniques using an acetylated form of RTN1-C(CT). The results reported here allow us to propose that the nucleic acid binding property of RTN1-C may have an important role in the biological function of this protein, the function of which could be regulated by an acetylation-deacetylation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Melino
- Department of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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36
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Abstract
The reticulon family is a diverse group of proteins that mostly localize to the endoplasmic reticulum and may be important in neurodegenerative diseases. The reticulon family is a large and diverse group of membrane-associated proteins found throughout the eukaryotic kingdom. All of its members contain a carboxy-terminal reticulon homology domain that consists of two hydrophobic regions flanking a hydrophilic loop of 60-70 amino acids, but reticulon amino-terminal domains display little or no similarity to each other. Reticulons principally localize to the endoplasmic reticulum, and there is evidence that they influence endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi trafficking, vesicle formation and membrane morphogenesis. However, mammalian reticulons have also been found on the cell surface and mammalian reticulon 4 expressed on the surface of oligodendrocytes is an inhibitor of axon growth both in culture and in vivo. There is also growing evidence that reticulons may be important in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The diversity of structure, topology, localization and expression patterns of reticulons is reflected in their multiple, diverse functions in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne S Yang
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
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37
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Reduction of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ levels favors plasma membrane surface exposure of calreticulin. Cell Death Differ 2007; 15:274-82. [PMID: 18034188 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Some chemotherapeutic agents can elicit apoptotic cancer cell death, thereby activating an anticancer immune response that influences therapeutic outcome. We previously reported that anthracyclins are particularly efficient in inducing immunogenic cell death, correlating with the pre-apoptotic exposure of calreticulin (CRT) on the plasma membrane surface of anthracyclin-treated tumor cells. Here, we investigated the role of cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis on CRT exposure. A neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) failed to expose CRT in response to anthracyclin treatment. This defect in CRT exposure could be overcome by the overexpression of Reticulon-1C, a manipulation that led to a decrease in the Ca(2+) concentration within the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. The combination of Reticulon-1C expression and anthracyclin treatment yielded more pronounced endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) depletion than either of the two manipulations alone. Chelation of intracellular (and endoplasmic reticulum) Ca(2+), targeted expression of the ligand-binding domain of the IP(3) receptor and inhibition of the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase pump reduced endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) load and promoted pre-apoptotic CRT exposure on the cell surface, in SH-SY5Y and HeLa cells. These results provide evidence that endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) levels control the exposure of CRT.
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