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Ayaz M, Mosa OF, Nawaz A, Hamdoon AAE, Elkhalifa MEM, Sadiq A, Ullah F, Ahmed A, Kabra A, Khan H, Murthy HCA. Neuroprotective potentials of Lead phytochemicals against Alzheimer's disease with focus on oxidative stress-mediated signaling pathways: Pharmacokinetic challenges, target specificity, clinical trials and future perspectives. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 124:155272. [PMID: 38181530 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's diseases (AD) and dementia are among the highly prevalent neurological disorders characterized by deposition of beta amyloid (Aβ) plaques, dense deposits of highly phosphorylated tau proteins, insufficiency of acetylcholine (ACh) and imbalance in glutamatergic system. Patients typically experience cognitive, behavioral alterations and are unable to perform their routine activities. Evidence also suggests that inflammatory processes including excessive microglia activation, high expression of inflammatory cytokines and release of free radicals. Thus, targeting inflammatory pathways beside other targets might be the key factors to control- disease symptoms and progression. PURPOSE This review is aimed to highlight the mechanisms and pathways involved in the neuroprotective potentials of lead phytochemicals. Further to provide updates regarding challenges associated with their use and their progress into clinical trials as potential lead compounds. METHODS Most recent scientific literature on pre-clinical and clinical data published in quality journals especially on the lead phytochemicals including curcumin, catechins, quercetin, resveratrol, genistein and apigenin was collected using SciFinder, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, JSTOR, EBSCO, Scopus and other related web sources. RESULTS Literature review indicated that the drug discovery against AD is insufficient and only few drugs are clinically approved which have limited efficacy. Among the therapeutic options, natural products have got tremendous attraction owing to their molecular diversity, their safety and efficacy. Research suggest that natural products can delay the disease onset, reduce its progression and regenerate the damage via their anti-amyloid, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials. These agents regulate the pathways involved in the release of neurotrophins which are implicated in neuronal survival and function. Highly potential lead phytochemicals including curcumin, catechins, quercetin, resveratrol, genistein and apigenin regulate neuroprotective signaling pathways implicated in neurotrophins-mediated activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) and p75 neurotrophins receptor (p75NTR) family receptors. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemicals especially phenolic compounds were identified as highly potential molecules which ameliorate oxidative stress induced neurodegeneration, reduce Aβ load and inhibit vital enzymes. Yet their clinical efficacy and bioavailability are the major challenges which need further interventions for more effective therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan.
| | - Osama F Mosa
- Public health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, KSA
| | - Asif Nawaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Alashary Adam Eisa Hamdoon
- Public health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, KSA; University of Khartoum, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Sudan
| | - Modawy Elnour Modawy Elkhalifa
- Public health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, KSA; University of Khartoum, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Sudan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Alshebli Ahmed
- Public health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, KSA; University of Khartoum, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Sudan
| | - Atul Kabra
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - H C Ananda Murthy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, P O Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia; Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and technical science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Lee HJ, Moon Y, Choi J, Heo JD, Kim S, Nallapaneni HK, Chin YW, Lee J, Han SY. Characterization of KRC-108 as a TrkA Kinase Inhibitor with Anti-Tumor Effects. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:360-367. [PMID: 35264466 PMCID: PMC9252884 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) protein is a receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the NTRK1 gene. TrkA signaling mediates the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of neurons and other cells following stimulation by its ligand, the nerve growth factor. Chromosomal rearrangements of the NTRK1 gene result in the generation of TrkA fusion protein, which is known to cause deregulation of TrkA signaling. Targeting TrkA activity represents a promising strategy for the treatment of cancers that harbor the TrkA fusion protein. In this study, we evaluated the TrkA-inhibitory activity of the benzoxazole compound KRC-108. KRC-108 inhibited TrkA activity in an in vitro kinase assay, and suppressed the growth of KM12C colon cancer cells harboring an NTRK1 gene fusion. KRC-108 treatment induced cell cycle arrest, apoptotic cell death, and autophagy. KRC-108 suppressed the phosphorylation of downstream signaling molecules of TrkA, including Akt, phospholipase Cγ, and ERK1/2. Furthermore, KRC-108 exhibited anti-tumor activity in vivo in a KM12C cell xenograft model. These results indicate that KRC-108 may be a promising therapeutic agent for Trk fusion-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongyu Moon
- Gyeongnam Biohealth Research Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungil Choi
- Gyeongnam Biohealth Research Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Biohealth Research Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Sekwang Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
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3
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Maksoud S. The Role of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Glioma: Analysis Emphasizing the Main Molecular Players and Therapeutic Strategies Identified in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3252-3269. [PMID: 33665742 PMCID: PMC8260465 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas constitute the most frequent tumors of the brain. High-grade gliomas are characterized by a poor prognosis caused by a set of attributes making treatment difficult, such as heterogeneity and cell infiltration. Additionally, there is a subgroup of glioma cells with properties similar to those of stem cells responsible for tumor recurrence after treatment. Since proteasomal degradation regulates multiple cellular processes, any mutation causing disturbances in the function or expression of its elements can lead to various disorders such as cancer. Several studies have focused on protein degradation modulation as a mechanism of glioma control. The ubiquitin proteasome system is the main mechanism of cellular proteolysis that regulates different events, intervening in pathological processes with exacerbating or suppressive effects on diseases. This review analyzes the role of proteasomal degradation in gliomas, emphasizing the elements of this system that modulate different cellular mechanisms in tumors and discussing the potential of distinct compounds controlling brain tumorigenesis through the proteasomal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semer Maksoud
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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4
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Chernov AN, Alaverdian DA, Glotov OS, Talabaev MV, Urazov SP, Shcherbak SG, Renieri A, Frullanti E, Shamova O. Related expression of TRKA and P75 receptors and the changing copy number of MYC-oncogenes determine the sensitivity of brain tumor cells to the treatment of the nerve growth factor in combination with cisplatin and temozolomide. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020; 0:/j/dmdi.ahead-of-print/dmdi-2020-0109/dmdi-2020-0109.xml. [PMID: 32887179 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2020-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Oncological diseases are an urgent medical and social problem. The chemotherapy induces not only the death of the tumor cells but also contributes to the development of their multidrug resistance and death of the healthy cells and tissues. In this regard, the search for the new pharmacological substances with anticancer activity against drug-resistant tumors is of utmost importance. In the present study we primarily investigated the correlation between the expression of TrkA and p75 receptors with the nerve growth factor (NGF) and cisplatin or temozolomide sensitivity of anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), glioblastoma (GB) and medulloblastoma (MB) cell cultures. We then evaluated the changing of copy numbers of MYCC and MYCN and its correlation with cytotoxicity index (CI) in MB cells under NGF exposition. Methods The primary cell cultures were obtained from the tumor biopsy samples of the patients with AA (n=5), GB (n=7) or MB (n=25) prior to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The cytotoxicity effect of NGF and its combinations with cisplatin or temozolomide, the relative expression of TrkA and p75 receptors, its correlations with CI in AA, GB and MB primary cell cultures were studied by trypan blue cytotoxicity assay and immunofluorescence staining respectively. The effect of NGF on MYCC and MYCN copy numbers in MB cell cultures was studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Results We found that the expression of TrkA and p75 receptors (p=0.03) and its ratio (p=0.0004) depends on the sensitivity of AA and GB cells to treatment with NGF and its combinations with cisplatin or temozolomide. NGF reduces (p<0.05) the quantity of MB cells with six or eight copies of MYCN and three or eight copies of MYCC. Besides, NGF increases (p<0.05) the quantity of MB cells containing two copies of both oncogenes. The negative correlation (r=-0.65, p<0.0001) is established between MYCC average copy numbers and CI of NGF in MB cells. Conclusions The relative expression of NGF receptors (TrkA/p75) and its correlation with CI of NGF and its combinations in AA and GB cells point to the mechanism involving a cell death signaling pathway. NGF downregulates (p<0.05) some increased copy numbers of MYCC and MYCN in the human MB cell cultures, and upregulates normal two copies of both oncogenes (p<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr N Chernov
- Department of Clinics and Genetics Investigations, Saint Petersburg City Hospital No40 of Resort District, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Biologically Active Peptides, Department of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Diana A Alaverdian
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Oleg S Glotov
- Department of Clinics and Genetics Investigations, Saint Petersburg City Hospital No40 of Resort District, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Michael V Talabaev
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Republican Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Minsk, The Republic of Belarus
| | - Stanislav P Urazov
- Department of Clinics and Genetics Investigations, Saint Petersburg City Hospital No40 of Resort District, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Sergei G Shcherbak
- Department of Clinics and Genetics Investigations, Saint Petersburg City Hospital No40 of Resort District, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Elisa Frullanti
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Olga Shamova
- Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Biologically Active Peptides, Department of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Chernov AN, Alaverdian DA, Glotov OS, Talabaev MV, Urazov SP, Shcherbak SG, Renieri A, Frullanti E, Shamova O. Related expression of TRKA and P75 receptors and the changing copy number of MYC-oncogenes determine the sensitivity of brain tumor cells to the treatment of the nerve growth factor in combination with cisplatin and temozolomide. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020; 35:dmpt-2020-0109. [PMID: 34704697 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2020-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oncological diseases are an urgent medical and social problem. The chemotherapy induces not only the death of the tumor cells but also contributes to the development of their multidrug resistance and death of the healthy cells and tissues. In this regard, the search for the new pharmacological substances with anticancer activity against drug-resistant tumors is of utmost importance. In the present study we primarily investigated the correlation between the expression of TrkA and p75 receptors with the nerve growth factor (NGF) and cisplatin or temozolomide sensitivity of anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), glioblastoma (GB) and medulloblastoma (MB) cell cultures. We then evaluated the changing of copy numbers of MYCC and MYCN and its correlation with cytotoxicity index (CI) in MB cells under NGF exposition. METHODS The primary cell cultures were obtained from the tumor biopsy samples of the patients with AA (n=5), GB (n=7) or MB (n=25) prior to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The cytotoxicity effect of NGF and its combinations with cisplatin or temozolomide, the relative expression of TrkA and p75 receptors, its correlations with CI in AA, GB and MB primary cell cultures were studied by trypan blue cytotoxicity assay and immunofluorescence staining respectively. The effect of NGF on MYCC and MYCN copy numbers in MB cell cultures was studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS We found that the expression of TrkA and p75 receptors (p=0.03) and its ratio (p=0.0004) depends on the sensitivity of AA and GB cells to treatment with NGF and its combinations with cisplatin or temozolomide. NGF reduces (p<0.05) the quantity of MB cells with six or eight copies of MYCN and three or eight copies of MYCC. Besides, NGF increases (p<0.05) the quantity of MB cells containing two copies of both oncogenes. The negative correlation (r=-0.65, p<0.0001) is established between MYCC average copy numbers and CI of NGF in MB cells. CONCLUSIONS The relative expression of NGF receptors (TrkA/p75) and its correlation with CI of NGF and its combinations in AA and GB cells point to the mechanism involving a cell death signaling pathway. NGF downregulates (p<0.05) some increased copy numbers of MYCC and MYCN in the human MB cell cultures, and upregulates normal two copies of both oncogenes (p<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr N Chernov
- Department of Clinics and Genetics Investigations, Saint Petersburg City Hospital No40 of Resort District, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Biologically Active Peptides, Department of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Diana A Alaverdian
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Oleg S Glotov
- Department of Clinics and Genetics Investigations, Saint Petersburg City Hospital No40 of Resort District, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Michael V Talabaev
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Republican Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Minsk, The Republic of Belarus
| | - Stanislav P Urazov
- Department of Clinics and Genetics Investigations, Saint Petersburg City Hospital No40 of Resort District, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Sergei G Shcherbak
- Department of Clinics and Genetics Investigations, Saint Petersburg City Hospital No40 of Resort District, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Elisa Frullanti
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Olga Shamova
- Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Biologically Active Peptides, Department of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Elmaci I, Ozpinar A, Ozpinar A, Perez JL, Altinoz MA. From epidemiology and neurometabolism to treatment: Vitamin D in pathogenesis of glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) and a proposal for Vitamin D + all-trans retinoic acid + Temozolomide combination in treatment of GBM. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:687-704. [PMID: 30937698 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Here we review tumoricidal efficacy of Vitamin D analogues in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and potential synergisms with retinoic acid and temozolomide based on epidemiological and cellular studies. Epidemiological data suggest that winter birth is associated with higher risk of GBM, and GBM debulking in the winter enhanced mortality, which may relate with lower exposure to sunlight essential to convert cholecalciferol to Vitamin D. Comparative studies on blood bank specimens revealed that higher prediagnosis levels of calcidiol are associated with lower risk of GBM in elderly men. Supplemental Vitamin D reduced mortality in GBM patients in comparison to nonusers. Expression of Vitamin D Receptor is associated with a good prognosis in GBM. Conversely, Vitamin D increases glial tumor synthesis of neutrophins NGF and NT-3, the low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75NTR, IL-6 and VEGF, which may enhance glioma growth. Antitumor synergisms between temozolomide and Vitamin D and Vitamin D with Vitamin A derivatives were observed. Hence, we hypothesize that Calcitriol + ATRA (All-Trans Retinoic Acid) + Temozolomide - CAT combination might be a safer approach to benefit from Vitamin D in the management of high-grade glial tumors. Adding acetazolomide to this protocol may reduce the risk of pseudotumor cerebri, as both Vitamin D and Vitamin A excess may cause intracranial hypertension; this approach may provide further benefit as acetazolomide also exhibits anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhan Elmaci
- Acibadem University, Istanbul, Neuroacademy Group, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysel Ozpinar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alp Ozpinar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Perez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Meric A Altinoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Neurooncology Branch, Neuroacademy Group, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Holland, The Netherlands.
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Leopold AV, Chernov KG, Shemetov AA, Verkhusha VV. Neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinases regulated with near-infrared light. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1129. [PMID: 30850602 PMCID: PMC6408446 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical control over the activity of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) provides an efficient way to reversibly and non-invasively map their functions. We combined catalytic domains of Trk (tropomyosin receptor kinase) family of RTKs, naturally activated by neurotrophins, with photosensory core module of DrBphP bacterial phytochrome to develop opto-kinases, termed Dr-TrkA and Dr-TrkB, reversibly switchable on and off with near-infrared and far-red light. We validated Dr-Trk ability to reversibly light-control several RTK pathways, calcium level, and demonstrated that their activation triggers canonical Trk signaling. Dr-TrkA induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma and glioblastoma, but not in other cell types. Absence of spectral crosstalk between Dr-Trks and blue-light-activatable LOV-domain-based translocation system enabled intracellular targeting of Dr-TrkA independently of its activation, additionally modulating Trk signaling. Dr-Trks have several superior characteristics that make them the opto-kinases of choice for regulation of RTK signaling: high activation range, fast and reversible photoswitching, and multiplexing with visible-light-controllable optogenetic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Leopold
- Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | | | - Anton A Shemetov
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Vladislav V Verkhusha
- Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland.
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Wang L, Wang P, Dong H, Wang S, Chu H, Yan W, Zhang X. Ulk1/FUNDC1 Prevents Nerve Cells from Hypoxia-Induced Apoptosis by Promoting Cell Autophagy. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1539-1548. [PMID: 29923038 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cell autophagy and cell apoptosis are both observed in the process of hypoxia-induced ischemic cerebral infarction (ICI). Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (Ulk1) and FUN14 Domain-containing Protein 1 (FUNDC1) are both involved in the regulation of cell autophagy. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of Ulk1 and FUNDC1 on hypoxia-induced nerve cell autophagy and apoptosis. Cell viability was measured using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell apoptosis was detected using Annexin V-PE/7-ADD staining assay. qRT-PCR was used to quantify the mRNA levels of Ulk1 and FUNDC1 in PC-12 cells. Cell transfection was performed to up-regulate the expression of Ulk1. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) was used as autophagy inhibitor and rapamycin was used as autophagy activator in our experiments. SP600125 was used as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor. Western blotting was performed to analyze the expression levels of key factors that are related to cell autophagy, apoptosis and JNK pathway. We found that hypoxia simultaneously induced apoptosis and autophagy of PC-12 cells. The activation of Ulk1 and FUNDC1 were also found in PC-12 cells after hypoxia induction. Overexpression of Ulk1 promoted the activation of FUNDC1 and prevented PC-12 cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Suppression of Ulk1 had opposite effects. Furthermore, we also found that JNK pathway participated in the effects of Ulk1 overexpression on PC-12 cell apoptosis reduction. To conclude, Ulk1/FUNDC1 played critical regulatory roles in hypoxia-induced nerve cell autophagy and apoptosis. Overexpression of Ulk1 prevented nerve cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis by promoting cell autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - He Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Shiduan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Haichen Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China
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Fraser J, Cabodevilla AG, Simpson J, Gammoh N. Interplay of autophagy, receptor tyrosine kinase signalling and endocytic trafficking. Essays Biochem 2017; 61:597-607. [PMID: 29233871 PMCID: PMC5869858 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vesicular trafficking events play key roles in the compartmentalization and proper sorting of cellular components. These events have crucial roles in sensing external signals, regulating protein activities and stimulating cell growth or death decisions. Although mutations in vesicle trafficking players are not direct drivers of cellular transformation, their activities are important in facilitating oncogenic pathways. One such pathway is the sensing of external stimuli and signalling through receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). The regulation of RTK activity by the endocytic pathway has been extensively studied. Compelling recent studies have begun to highlight the association between autophagy and RTK signalling. The influence of this interplay on cellular status and its relevance in disease settings will be discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Fraser
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K
| | - Ainara G Cabodevilla
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K
| | - Joanne Simpson
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K
| | - Noor Gammoh
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
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Ziegler J, Bastian A, Lerner M, Bailey-Downs L, Saunders D, Smith N, Sutton J, Battiste JD, Ihnat MA, Gangjee A, Towner RA. AG488 as a therapy against gliomas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71833-71844. [PMID: 29069750 PMCID: PMC5641093 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas such as glioblastomas (GBM) present a deadly prognosis following diagnosis and very few effective treatment options. Here, we investigate if the small molecule AG488 can be an effective therapy against GBM with both anti-angiogenic as well as an anti-microtubule inhibiting modalities, using a human G55 glioma xenograft model in nude mice. From in vitro studies, we report that AG488 incubation reduced cell viability in G55 and HMEC-1 cells more so than TMZ treatment, and AG488 treatment also decreased cell viability in normal astrocytes, but not as much as for G55 cells (p<0.0001). In vivo investigations indicated that AG488 therapy helped reduce tumor volumes (p<0.0001), prolong survival (p<0.01), increase tumor perfusion (p<0.01), and decrease microvessel density (MVD) (p<0.05), compared to untreated mice or mice treated with non-specific IgG, in the G55 xenograft model. Additionally, AG488 did not induce apoptosis in normal mouse brain tissue. Animal survival and tumor volume changes for AG488 were comparable to TMZ or anti-VEGF therapies, however AG488 was found to be more effective in decreasing tumor-related vascularity (perfusion and MVD). AG488 is a potential novel therapy against high-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadith Ziegler
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anja Bastian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Megan Lerner
- Department of Surgery Research Laboratory, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lora Bailey-Downs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Debra Saunders
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nataliya Smith
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jake Sutton
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - James D Battiste
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael A Ihnat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rheal A Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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11
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Haidar M, Timmerman V. Autophagy as an Emerging Common Pathomechanism in Inherited Peripheral Neuropathies. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:143. [PMID: 28553203 PMCID: PMC5425483 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) comprise a growing list of genetically heterogeneous diseases. With mutations in more than 80 genes being reported to cause IPNs, a wide spectrum of functional consequences is expected to follow this genotypic diversity. Hence, the search for a common pathomechanism among the different phenotypes has become the holy grail of functional research into IPNs. During the last decade, studies on several affected genes have shown a direct and/or indirect correlation with autophagy. Autophagy, a cellular homeostatic process, is required for the removal of cell aggregates, long-lived proteins and dead organelles from the cell in double-membraned vesicles destined for the lysosomes. As an evolutionarily highly conserved process, autophagy is essential for the survival and proper functioning of the cell. Recently, neuronal cells have been shown to be particularly vulnerable to disruption of the autophagic pathway. Furthermore, autophagy has been shown to be affected in various common neurodegenerative diseases of both the central and the peripheral nervous system including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. In this review we provide an overview of the genes involved in hereditary neuropathies which are linked to autophagy and we propose the disruption of the autophagic flux as an emerging common pathomechanism. We also shed light on the different steps of the autophagy pathway linked to these genes. Finally, we review the concept of autophagy being a therapeutic target in IPNs, and the possibilities and challenges of this pathway-specific targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Haidar
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Institute Born Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Institute Born Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
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12
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Franco ML, Melero C, Sarasola E, Acebo P, Luque A, Calatayud-Baselga I, García-Barcina M, Vilar M. Mutations in TrkA Causing Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis (CIPA) Induce Misfolding, Aggregation, and Mutation-dependent Neurodegeneration by Dysfunction of the Autophagic Flux. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21363-21374. [PMID: 27551041 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.722587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by insensitivity to noxious stimuli and variable intellectual disability (ID) due to mutations in the NTRK1 gene encoding the NGF receptor TrkA. To get an insight in the effect of NTRK1 mutations in the cognitive phenotype we biochemically characterized three TrkA mutations identified in children diagnosed of CIPA with variable ID. These mutations are located in different domains of the protein; L213P in the extracellular domain, Δ736 in the kinase domain, and C300stop in the extracellular domain, a new mutation causing CIPA diagnosed in a Spanish teenager. We found that TrkA mutations induce misfolding, retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and aggregation in a mutation-dependent manner. The distinct mutations are degraded with a different kinetics by different ER quality control mechanisms; although C300stop is rapidly disposed by autophagy, Δ736 degradation is sensitive to the proteasome and to autophagy inhibitors, and L213P is a long-lived protein refractory to degradation. In addition L213P enhances the formation of autophagic vesicles triggering an increase in the autophagic flux with deleterious consequences. Mouse cortical neurons expressing L213P showed the accumulation of LC3-GFP positive puncta and dystrophic neurites. Our data suggest that TrkA misfolding and aggregation induced by some CIPA mutations disrupt the autophagy homeostasis causing neurodegeneration. We propose that distinct disease-causing mutations of TrkA generate different levels of cell toxicity, which may provide an explanation of the variable intellectual disability observed in CIPA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Franco
- From the Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit, Institute of Biomedicine of València, IBV-CSIC, c/o Jaume Roig 11, 46010 València,
| | - Cristina Melero
- From the Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit, Institute of Biomedicine of València, IBV-CSIC, c/o Jaume Roig 11, 46010 València,
| | - Esther Sarasola
- the Department of Genetics, Basurto University Hospital (osakidetza/Servicio Vasco de Salud), Bilbao, and
| | | | - Alfonso Luque
- Rare Disease Centers, ISCIII, Crta. Majadahonda a Pozuelo km.2 Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Isabel Calatayud-Baselga
- From the Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit, Institute of Biomedicine of València, IBV-CSIC, c/o Jaume Roig 11, 46010 València,
| | - María García-Barcina
- the Department of Genetics, Basurto University Hospital (osakidetza/Servicio Vasco de Salud), Bilbao, and
| | - Marçal Vilar
- From the Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit, Institute of Biomedicine of València, IBV-CSIC, c/o Jaume Roig 11, 46010 València,,
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13
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Yap YW, Llanos RM, La Fontaine S, Cater MA, Beart PM, Cheung NS. Comparative Microarray Analysis Identifies Commonalities in Neuronal Injury: Evidence for Oxidative Stress, Dysfunction of Calcium Signalling, and Inhibition of Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathway. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:554-67. [PMID: 26318862 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction, ubiquitin-proteasomal system impairment and excitotoxicity occur during the injury and death of neurons in neurodegenerative conditions. The aim of this work was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms that are universally altered by these conditions. Through overlapping expression profiles of rotenone-, lactacystin- and N-methyl-D-aspartate-treated cortical neurons, we have identified three affected biological processes that are commonly affected; oxidative stress, dysfunction of calcium signalling and inhibition of the autophagic-lysosomal pathway. These data provides many opportunities for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative conditions, where mitochondrial dysfunction, proteasomal inhibition and excitotoxicity are evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Wan Yap
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Roxana M Llanos
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Sharon La Fontaine
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Michael A Cater
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Philip M Beart
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Nam Sang Cheung
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
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14
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Lacritin and other autophagy associated proteins in ocular surface health. Exp Eye Res 2015; 144:4-13. [PMID: 26318608 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advantage may be taken of macroautophagy ('autophagy') to promote ocular health. Autophagy continually captures aged or damaged cellular material for lysosomal degradation and recyling. When autophagic flux is chronically elevated, or alternatively deficient, health suffers. Chronic elevation of flux and stress are the consequence of inflammatory cytokines or of dry eye tears but not normal tears invitro. Exogenous tear protein lacritin transiently accelerates flux to restore homeostasis invitro and corneal health invivo, and yet the monomeric active form of lacritin appears to be selectively deficient in dry eye. Tissue transglutaminase-dependent cross-linking of monomer decreases monomer quantity and monomer affinity for coreceptor syndecan-1 thereby abrogating activity. Tissue transglutaminase is elevated in dry eye. Mutation of arylsulfatase A, arylsulfatase B, ceroid-lipofuscinosis neuronal 3, mucolipin, or Niemann-Pick disease type C1 respectively underlie several diseases of apparently insufficient autophagic flux that affect the eye, including: metachromatic leukodystrophy, mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, juvenile-onset Batten disease, mucolipidosis IV, and Niemann-Pick type C associated with myelin sheath destruction of corneal sensory and ciliary nerves and of the optic nerve; corneal clouding, ocular hypertension, glaucoma and optic nerve atrophy; accumulation of 'ceroid-lipofuscin' in surface conjunctival cells, and in ganglion and neuronal cells; decreased visual acuity and retinal dystrophy; and neurodegeneration. For some, enzyme or gene replacement, or substrate reduction, therapy is proving to be successful. Here we discuss examples of restoring ocular surface homeostasis through alteration of autophagy, with particular attention to lacritin.
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15
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Venkatesan R, Ji E, Kim SY. Phytochemicals that regulate neurodegenerative disease by targeting neurotrophins: a comprehensive review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:814068. [PMID: 26075266 PMCID: PMC4446472 DOI: 10.1155/2015/814068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by progressive dementia and deterioration of cognitive function, is an unsolved social and medical problem. Age, nutrition, and toxins are the most common causes of AD. However, currently no credible treatment is available for AD. Traditional herbs and phytochemicals may delay its onset and slow its progression and also allow recovery by targeting multiple pathological causes by antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiamyloidogenic properties. They also regulate mitochondrial stress, apoptotic factors, free radical scavenging system, and neurotrophic factors. Neurotrophins such as BDNF, NGF, NT3, and NT4/5 play a vital role in neuronal and nonneuronal responses to AD. Neurotrophins depletion accelerates the progression of AD and therefore, replacing such neurotrophins may be a potential treatment for neurodegenerative disease. Here, we review the phytochemicals that mediate the signaling pathways involved in neuroprotection specifically neurotrophin-mediated activation of Trk receptors and members of p75(NTR) superfamily. We focus on representative phenolic derivatives, iridoid glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids, and steroidal saponins as regulators of neurotrophin-mediated neuroprotection. Although these phytochemicals have attracted attention owing to their in vitro neurotrophin potentiating activity, their in vivo and clinical efficacy trials has yet to be established. Therefore, further research is necessary to prove the neuroprotective effects in preclinical models and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramu Venkatesan
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Inchon 405-760, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, No. 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
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16
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Shubin AV, Demidyuk IV, Lunina NA, Komissarov AA, Roschina MP, Leonova OG, Kostrov SV. Protease 3C of hepatitis A virus induces vacuolization of lysosomal/endosomal organelles and caspase-independent cell death. BMC Cell Biol 2015; 16:4. [PMID: 25886889 PMCID: PMC4355371 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-015-0050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3C proteases, the main proteases of picornaviruses, play the key role in viral life cycle by processing polyproteins. In addition, 3C proteases digest certain host cell proteins to suppress antiviral defense, transcription, and translation. The activity of 3C proteases per se induces host cell death, which makes them critical factors of viral cytotoxicity. To date, cytotoxic effects have been studied for several 3C proteases, all of which induce apoptosis. This study for the first time describes the cytotoxic effect of 3C protease of human hepatitis A virus (3Cpro), the only proteolytic enzyme of the virus. RESULTS Individual expression of 3Cpro induced catalytic activity-dependent cell death, which was not abrogated by the pan-caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk) and was not accompanied by phosphatidylserine externalization in contrast to other picornaviral 3C proteases. The cell survival was also not affected by the inhibitors of cysteine proteases (z-FA-fmk) and RIP1 kinase (necrostatin-1), critical enzymes involved in non-apoptotic cell death. A substantial fraction of dying cells demonstrated numerous non-acidic cytoplasmic vacuoles with not previously described features and originating from several types of endosomal/lysosomal organelles. The lysosomal protein Lamp1 and GTPases Rab5, Rab7, Rab9, and Rab11 were associated with the vacuolar membranes. The vacuolization was completely blocked by the vacuolar ATPase inhibitor (bafilomycin A1) and did not depend on the activity of the principal factors of endosomal transport, GTPases Rab5 and Rab7, as well as on autophagy and macropinocytosis. CONCLUSIONS 3Cpro, apart from other picornaviral 3C proteases, induces caspase-independent cell death, accompanying by cytoplasmic vacuolization. 3Cpro-induced vacuoles have unique properties and are formed from several organelle types of the endosomal/lysosomal compartment. The data obtained demonstrate previously undocumented morphological characters of the 3Cpro-induced cell death, which can reflect unknown aspects of the human hepatitis A virus-host cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Shubin
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | - Ilya V Demidyuk
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | - Nataliya A Lunina
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | - Alexey A Komissarov
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | - Marina P Roschina
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | - Olga G Leonova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Kostrov
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182, Russia.
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17
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The role of rab proteins in neuronal cells and in the trafficking of neurotrophin receptors. MEMBRANES 2014; 4:642-77. [PMID: 25295627 PMCID: PMC4289860 DOI: 10.3390/membranes4040642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that are important for neuronal development, neuronal survival and neuronal functions. Neurotrophins exert their role by binding to their receptors, the Trk family of receptor tyrosine kinases (TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC) and p75NTR, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. Binding of neurotrophins to receptors triggers a complex series of signal transduction events, which are able to induce neuronal differentiation but are also responsible for neuronal maintenance and neuronal functions. Rab proteins are small GTPases localized to the cytosolic surface of specific intracellular compartments and are involved in controlling vesicular transport. Rab proteins, acting as master regulators of the membrane trafficking network, play a central role in both trafficking and signaling pathways of neurotrophin receptors. Axonal transport represents the Achilles' heel of neurons, due to the long-range distance that molecules, organelles and, in particular, neurotrophin-receptor complexes have to cover. Indeed, alterations of axonal transport and, specifically, of axonal trafficking of neurotrophin receptors are responsible for several human neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and some forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. In this review, we will discuss the link between Rab proteins and neurotrophin receptor trafficking and their influence on downstream signaling pathways.
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18
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Oliveira-Ferrer L, Wellbrock J, Bartsch U, Penas EMM, Hauschild J, Klokow M, Bokemeyer C, Fiedler W, Schuch G. Combination therapy targeting integrins reduces glioblastoma tumor growth through antiangiogenic and direct antitumor activity and leads to activation of the pro-proliferative prolactin pathway. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:144. [PMID: 24257371 PMCID: PMC4176123 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumors may develop resistance to specific angiogenic inhibitors via activation of alternative pathways. Therefore, multiple angiogenic pathways should be targeted to achieve significant angiogenic blockade. In this study we investigated the effects of a combined application of the angiogenic inhibitors endostatin and tumstatin in a model of human glioblastoma multiforme. Results Inhibitors released by stably transfected porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAE) showed anti-angiogenic activity in proliferation and wound-healing assays with endothelial cells (EC). Interestingly, combination of endostatin and tumstatin (ES + Tum) also reduced proliferation of glioma cells and additionally induced morphological changes and apoptosis in vitro. Microencapsulated PAE-cells producing these inhibitors were applied for local therapy in a subcutaneous glioblastoma model. When endostatin or tumstatin were applied separately, in vivo tumor growth was inhibited by 58% and 50%, respectively. Combined application of ES + Tum, in comparison, resulted in a significantly more pronounced inhibition of tumor growth (83%). cDNA microarrays of tumors treated with ES + Tum revealed an up-regulation of prolactin receptor (PRLR). ES + Tum-induced up-regulation of PRLR in glioma cells was also found in in vitro. Moreover, exogenous PRLR overexpression in vitro led to up-regulation of its ligand prolactin and increased proliferation suggesting a functional autocrine growth loop in these cells. Conclusion Our data indicate that integrin-targeting factors endostatin and tumstatin act additively by inhibiting glioblastoma growth via reduction of vessel density but also directly by affecting proliferation and viability of tumor cells. Treatment with the ES + Tum-combination activates the PRLR pro-proliferative pathway in glioblastoma. Future work will show whether the prolactin signaling pathway represents an additional target to improve therapeutic strategies in this entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Oliveira-Ferrer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Universtity Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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2-Hydroxyoleic acid induces ER stress and autophagy in various human glioma cell lines. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48235. [PMID: 23133576 PMCID: PMC3484997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 2-Hydroxyoleic acid is a synthetic fatty acid with potent anti-cancer activity which does not induce undesired side effects. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which this compound selectively kills human glioma cancer cells without killing normal cells is not fully understood. The present study was designed to determine the molecular bases underlying the potency against 1321N1, SF-767 and U118 human glioma cell lines growth without affecting non cancer MRC-5 cells. Methodology/Principal Findings The cellular levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy markers were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting on 1321N1, SF-767 and U118 human glioma cells and non-tumor MRC-5 cells incubated in the presence or absence of 2OHOA or the ER stress/autophagy inducer, palmitate. The cellular response to these agents was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy and flow cytometry. We have observed that 2OHOA treatments induced augments in the expression of important ER stress/UPR markers, such as phosphorylated eIF2α, IRE1α, CHOP, ATF4 and the spliced form of XBP1 in human glioma cells. Concomitantly, 2OHOA led to the arrest of 1321N1 cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, with down-regulation of cyclin B1 and Cdk1/Cdc2 proteins in the three glioma cell lines studied. Finally, 2OHOA induced autophagy in 1321N1, SF-767 and U118 cells, with the appearance of autophagic vesicles and the up-regulation of LC3BI, LC3BII and ATG7 in 1321N1 cells, increases of LC3BI, LC3BII and ATG5 in SF-767 cells and up-regulation of LC3BI and LC3BII in U118 cells. Importantly, 2OHOA failed to induce such changes in non-tumor MRC-5 cells. Conclusion/Significance The present results demonstrate that 2OHOA induces ER stress/UPR and autophagy in human glioma (1321N1, SF-767 and U118 cell lines) but not normal (MRC-5) cells, unraveling the molecular bases underlying the efficacy and lack of toxicity of this compound.
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Guo J, Niu R, Huang W, Zhou M, Shi J, Zhang L, Liao H. Growth factors from tumor microenvironment possibly promote the proliferation of glioblastoma-derived stem-like cells in vitro. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 18:1047-57. [PMID: 22996727 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform is a lethal brain glial tumor characterized by low survival and high recurrence, partially attributed to the glioblastoma stem cells according to recent researches. Microenvironment or niche in tumor tissue is believed to provide essential support for the aberrant growth of tumor stem cells. In order to explore the effect of growth factors in tumor microenvironment on glioblastoma stem cells behavior, glioblastoma-derived stem-like cells (GDSCs) were isolated from adult human glioblastoma specimen with antibody against surface marker CD133 and were co-cultured with various tumor cells including U87MG cells, unsorted glioblastoma tumor cells, CD133(-) cells and normal rat primary astrocytes. Results suggested that tumor cells could promote GDSCs proliferation while non-tumor cells could not, and several growth factors were exclusively detected in the co-culture system with tumor cells. It was concluded that growth factors derived from tumor microenvironment possibly contributed to the uncontrolled proliferation of GDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingJing Guo
- Neurobiology Lab, Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24# Tong Jiaxiang road, Nanjing, 210009, Peoples Republic of China
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21
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Bodnarchuk TW, Napper S, Rapin N, Misra V. Mechanism for the induction of cell death in ONS-76 medulloblastoma cells by Zhangfei/CREB-ZF. J Neurooncol 2012; 109:485-501. [PMID: 22798206 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-012-0927-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cells from medulloblastoma lines do not contain detectable amounts of the basic leucine-zipper protein Zhangfei. However, we have previously shown that expression of this protein in cells of the ONS-76 and UW228 medulloblastoma lines causes the cells to stop growing and develop processes that resemble neurites. Our objective was to determine the molecular mechanisms by which Zhangfei influences ONS-76 cells. We infected ONS-76 cells with adenovirus vectors expressing either Zhangfei or the control protein LacZ and then compared the following parameters in Zhangfei and LacZ-expressing cells: (a) markers of apoptosis, autophagy and macropinocytosis, (b) transcripts for genes involved in neurogenesis and apoptosis, (c) phosphorylation of peptide targets of selected cellular protein kinases, and (d) activation of transcription factors. Zhangfei-expressing cells appeared to succumb to apoptosis. Increased staining for autophagic vesicles and upregulated expression of autophagy response genes in these cells indicated that they were undergoing autophagy, possibly associated with apoptosis. Within our analysis, patterns of gene expression and phosphorylation-mediated signal transduction activity in Zhangfei-expressing cells indicated that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was active. In addition, we found that the transcription factor Brn3a as well as factors implicated in differentiation were also active in Zhangfei-expressing cells. We tested the hypothesis that Zhangfei enhances the expression of Brn3a, a known inducer of TrkA, the high-affinity receptor for nerve growth factor (NGF). TrkA then engages NGF in an autocrine manner triggering the MAPK pathway and leading to differentiation of ONS-76 cells into neuron and glia-like cells-a process that eventually brings about cell death. We showed that: (a) Zhangfei could enhance transcription from the isolated Brn3a promoter, (b) ONS-76 cells produced NGF and (c) antibodies against NGF and inhibitors of TrkA and selected components of the MAPK pathway could partially restore the growth of Zhangfei-expressing ONS-76 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Bodnarchuk
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
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22
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Sridharan S, Jain K, Basu A. Regulation of autophagy by kinases. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:2630-54. [PMID: 24212825 PMCID: PMC3757434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3022630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a process of self-degradation that maintains cellular viability during periods of metabolic stress. Although autophagy is considered a survival mechanism when faced with cellular stress, extensive autophagy can also lead to cell death. Aberrations in autophagy are associated with several diseases, including cancer. Therapeutic exploitation of this process requires a clear understanding of its regulation. Although the core molecular components involved in the execution of autophagy are well studied there is limited information on how cellular signaling pathways, particularly kinases, regulate this complex process. Protein kinases are integral to the autophagy process. Atg1, the first autophagy-related protein identified, is a serine/threonine kinase and it is regulated by another serine/threonine kinase mTOR. Emerging studies suggest the participation of many different kinases in regulating various components/steps of this catabolic process. This review focuses on the regulation of autophagy by several kinases with particular emphasis on serine/threonine protein kinases such as mTOR, AMP-activated protein kinase, Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK, p38 and JNK) and protein kinase C that are often deregulated in cancer and are important therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savitha Sridharan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center and Institute for Cancer Research, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
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23
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Jiang Q, Wang Y, Li T, Shi K, Li Z, Ma Y, Li F, Luo H, Yang Y, Xu C. Heat shock protein 90-mediated inactivation of nuclear factor-κB switches autophagy to apoptosis through becn1 transcriptional inhibition in selenite-induced NB4 cells. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:1167-80. [PMID: 21346199 PMCID: PMC3078072 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-10-0860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy can protect cells while also contributing to cell damage, but the precise interplay between apoptosis and autophagy and the contribution of autophagy to cell death are still not clear. Previous studies have shown that supranutritional doses of sodium selenite promote apoptosis in human leukemia NB4 cells. Here, we report that selenite treatment triggers opposite patterns of autophagy in the NB4, HL60, and Jurkat leukemia cell lines during apoptosis and provide evidence that the suppressive effect of selenite on autophagy in NB4 cells is due to the decreased expression of the chaperone protein Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90), suggesting a novel regulatory function of Hsp90 in apoptosis and autophagy. Excessive or insufficient expression indicates that Hsp90 protects NB4 cells from selenite-induced apoptosis, and selenite-induced decreases in the expression of Hsp90, especially in NB4 cells, inhibit the activities of the IκB kinase/nuclear factor-κB (IKK/NF-κB) signaling pathway, leading to less nuclear translocation and inactivation of NF-κB and the subsequent weak binding of the becn1 promoter, which facilitates the transition from autophagy to apoptosis. Taken together, our observations provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the balance between apoptosis and autophagy, and we also identified Hsp90-NF-κB-Beclin1 as a potential biological pathway for signaling the switch from autophagy to apoptosis in selenite-treated NB4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology; Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology; Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Tianjiao Li
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology; Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Kejian Shi
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology; Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhushi Li
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology; Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yushi Ma
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology; Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Feng Li
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology; Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Hui Luo
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology; Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yang Yang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology; Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Caimin Xu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology; Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
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24
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Nerve growth factor in cancer cell death and survival. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:510-30. [PMID: 24212627 PMCID: PMC3756375 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3010510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges for cancer therapeutics is the resistance of many tumor cells to induction of cell death due to pro-survival signaling in the cancer cells. Here we review the growing literature which shows that neurotrophins contribute to pro-survival signaling in many different types of cancer. In particular, nerve growth factor, the archetypal neurotrophin, has been shown to play a role in tumorigenesis over the past decade. Nerve growth factor mediates its effects through its two cognate receptors, TrkA, a receptor tyrosine kinase and p75NTR, a member of the death receptor superfamily. Depending on the tumor origin, pro-survival signaling can be mediated by TrkA receptors or by p75NTR. For example, in breast cancer the aberrant expression of nerve growth factor stimulates proliferative signaling through TrkA and pro-survival signaling through p75NTR. This latter signaling through p75NTR promotes increased resistance to the induction of cell death by chemotherapeutic treatments. In contrast, in prostate cells the p75NTR mediates cell death and prevents metastasis. In prostate cancer, expression of this receptor is lost, which contributes to tumor progression by allowing cells to survive, proliferate and metastasize. This review focuses on our current knowledge of neurotrophin signaling in cancer, with a particular emphasis on nerve growth factor regulation of cell death and survival in cancer.
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25
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Differential roles of Trk and p75 neurotrophin receptors in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance ex vivo and in vivo. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009; 65:1047-56. [PMID: 19701634 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-009-1110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The neurotrophin receptors TrkA (NGF receptor) and TrkC (NT-3 receptor) have been shown to be important in staging disease and predicting progression and drug response for various neoplasias such as neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma and prostate cancer. Less is known about the role of the p75 neurotrophin receptor in cancer, but it influences metastatic potential in glioblastoma. To determine the effect of each neurotrophin receptor or co-receptor expression in tumorigenesis, we examined PC12 pheochromocytomas. PC12 wild type (TrkA(+), p75(++)) were compared to three PC12-derived cell lines expressing varying levels of TrkA or TrkC and/or p75. Growth rates, tumorigenic potential ex vivo and in vivo, and chemotherapeutic drug response profiles differed depending on the neurotrophin receptor phenotype. The ability of neurotrophins to rescue cells from doxorubicin or cisplatin induced cell death also varied depending on phenotype. Thus, unique neurotrophin receptor tumor profiles may determine tumor aggressiveness and chemoresistance. This work may help to develop tailored therapies for specific tumor phenotypes by combining traditional chemotherapy with neurotrophin receptor modulators.
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26
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Ge PF, Zhang JZ, Wang XF, Meng FK, Li WC, Luan YX, Ling F, Luo YN. Inhibition of autophagy induced by proteasome inhibition increases cell death in human SHG-44 glioma cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009; 30:1046-52. [PMID: 19575007 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2009.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and lysosome-dependent macroautophagy (autophagy) are two major intracellular pathways for protein degradation. Recent studies suggest that proteasome inhibitors may reduce tumor growth and activate autophagy. Due to the dual roles of autophagy in tumor cell survival and death, the effect of autophagy on the destiny of glioma cells remains unclear. In this study, we sought to investigate whether inhibition of the proteasome can induce autophagy and the effects of autophagy on the fate of human SHG-44 glioma cells. METHODS The proteasome inhibitor MG-132 was used to induce autophagy in SHG-44 glioma cells, and the effect of autophagy on the survival of SHG-44 glioma cells was investigated using an autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of autophagy related proteins was determined by Western blot. RESULTS MG-132 inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell death and cell cycle arrest at G(2)/M phase, and activated autophagy in SHG-44 glioma cells. The expression of autophagy-related Beclin-1 and LC3-I was significantly up-regulated and part of LC3-I was converted into LC3-II. However, when SHG-44 glioma cells were co-treated with MG-132 and 3-MA, the cells became less viable, but cell death and cell numbers at G(2)/M phase increased. Moreover, the accumulation of acidic vesicular organelles was decreased, the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 was significantly down-regulated and the conversion of LC3-II from LC3-I was also inhibited. CONCLUSION Inhibition of the proteasome can induce autophagy in human SHG-44 glioma cells, and inhibition of autophagy increases cell death. This discovery may shed new light on the effect of autophagy on modulating the fate of SHG-44 glioma cells.Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (2009) 30: 1046-1052; doi: 10.1038/aps.2009.71.
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Herrera VLM, Decano JL, Bagamasbad P, Kufahl T, Steffen M, Ruiz-Opazo N. Sex-specific hippocampus-dependent cognitive deficits and increased neuronal autophagy in DEspR haploinsufficiency in mice. Physiol Genomics 2008; 35:316-29. [PMID: 18780760 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00044.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aside from abnormal angiogenesis, dual endothelin-1/VEGF signal peptide-activated receptor deficiency (DEspR(-/-)) results in aberrant neuroepithelium and neural tube differentiation, thus elucidating DEspR's role in neurogenesis. With the emerging importance of neurogenesis in adulthood, we tested the hypothesis that nonembryonic-lethal DEspR haploinsufficiency (DEspR(+/-)) perturbs neuronal homeostasis, thereby facilitating aging-associated neurodegeneration. Here we show that, in male mice only, DEspR-haploinsufficiency impaired hippocampus-dependent visuospatial and associative learning and induced noninflammatory spongiform changes, neuronal vacuolation, and loss in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and subcortical regions, consistent with autophagic cell death. In contrast, DEspR(+/-) females exhibited better cognitive performance than wild-type females and showed absence of neuropathological changes. Signaling pathway analysis revealed DEspR-mediated phosphorylation of activators of autophagy inhibitor mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and dephosphorylation of known autophagy inducers. Altogether, the data demonstrate DEspR-mediated diametrical, sex-specific modulation of cognitive performance and autophagy, highlight cerebral neuronal vulnerability to autophagic dysregulation, and causally link DEspR haploinsufficiency with increased neuronal autophagy, spongiosis, and cognitive decline in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L M Herrera
- Department of Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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