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Weeratunga S, Gormal RS, Liu M, Eldershaw D, Livingstone EK, Malapaka A, Wallis TP, Bademosi AT, Jiang A, Healy MD, Meunier FA, Collins BM. Interrogation and validation of the interactome of neuronal Munc18-interacting Mint proteins with AlphaFold2. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105541. [PMID: 38072052 PMCID: PMC10820826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Munc18-interacting proteins (Mints) are multidomain adaptors that regulate neuronal membrane trafficking, signaling, and neurotransmission. Mint1 and Mint2 are highly expressed in the brain with overlapping roles in the regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion required for neurotransmitter release by interacting with the essential synaptic protein Munc18-1. Here, we have used AlphaFold2 to identify and then validate the mechanisms that underpin both the specific interactions of neuronal Mint proteins with Munc18-1 as well as their wider interactome. We found that a short acidic α-helical motif within Mint1 and Mint2 is necessary and sufficient for specific binding to Munc18-1 and binds a conserved surface on Munc18-1 domain3b. In Munc18-1/2 double knockout neurosecretory cells, mutation of the Mint-binding site reduces the ability of Munc18-1 to rescue exocytosis, and although Munc18-1 can interact with Mint and Sx1a (Syntaxin1a) proteins simultaneously in vitro, we find that they have mutually reduced affinities, suggesting an allosteric coupling between the proteins. Using AlphaFold2 to then examine the entire cellular network of putative Mint interactors provides a structural model for their assembly with a variety of known and novel regulatory and cargo proteins including ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF3/ARF4) small GTPases and the AP3 clathrin adaptor complex. Validation of Mint1 interaction with a new predicted binder TJAP1 (tight junction-associated protein 1) provides experimental support that AlphaFold2 can correctly predict interactions across such large-scale datasets. Overall, our data provide insights into the diversity of interactions mediated by the Mint family and show that Mints may help facilitate a key trigger point in SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment receptor) complex assembly and vesicle fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroja Weeratunga
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rachel S Gormal
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing and Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Meihan Liu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Denaye Eldershaw
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emma K Livingstone
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anusha Malapaka
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing and Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tristan P Wallis
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing and Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adekunle T Bademosi
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing and Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anmin Jiang
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing and Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael D Healy
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Frederic A Meunier
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing and Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brett M Collins
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.
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Chau DDL, Ng LLH, Zhai Y, Lau KF. Amyloid precursor protein and its interacting proteins in neurodevelopment. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1647-1659. [PMID: 37387352 PMCID: PMC10629809 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a key molecule in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as the pathogenic amyloid-β peptide is derived from it. Two closely related APP family proteins (APPs) have also been identified in mammals. Current knowledge, including genetic analyses of gain- and loss-of-function mutants, highlights the importance of APPs in various physiological functions. Notably, APPs consist of multiple extracellular and intracellular protein-binding regions/domains. Protein-protein interactions are crucial for many cellular processes. In past decades, many APPs interactors have been identified which assist the revelation of the putative roles of APPs. Importantly, some of these interactors have been shown to influence several APPs-mediated neuronal processes which are found defective in AD and other neurodegenerative disorders. Studying APPs-interactor complexes would not only advance our understanding of the physiological roles of APPs but also provide further insights into the association of these processes to neurodegeneration, which may lead to the development of novel therapies. In this mini-review, we summarize the roles of APPs-interactor complexes in neurodevelopmental processes including neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth, axonal guidance and synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Dik-Long Chau
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Laura Lok-Haang Ng
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuqi Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok-Fai Lau
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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3
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Gotoh N, Saito Y, Hata S, Saito H, Ojima D, Murayama C, Shigeta M, Abe T, Konno D, Matsuzaki F, Suzuki T, Yamamoto T. Amyloidogenic processing of amyloid β protein precursor (APP) is enhanced in the brains of alcadein α-deficient mice. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9650-9662. [PMID: 32467230 PMCID: PMC7363152 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder, chiefly caused by increased production of neurotoxic β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide generated from proteolytic cleavage of β-amyloid protein precursor (APP). Except for familial AD arising from mutations in the APP and presenilin (PSEN) genes, the molecular mechanisms regulating the amyloidogenic processing of APP are largely unclear. Alcadein α/calsyntenin1 (ALCα/CLSTN1) is a neuronal type I transmembrane protein that forms a complex with APP, mediated by the neuronal adaptor protein X11-like (X11L or MINT2). Formation of the ALCα-X11L-APP tripartite complex suppresses Aβ generation in vitro, and X11L-deficient mice exhibit enhanced amyloidogenic processing of endogenous APP. However, the role of ALCα in APP metabolism in vivo remains unclear. Here, by generating ALCα-deficient mice and using immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and co-immunoprecipitation analyses, we verified the role of ALCα in the suppression of amyloidogenic processing of endogenous APP in vivo We observed that ALCα deficiency attenuates the association of X11L with APP, significantly enhances amyloidogenic β-site cleavage of APP, especially in endosomes, and increases the generation of endogenous Aβ in the brain. Furthermore, we noted amyloid plaque formation in the brains of human APP-transgenic mice in an ALCα-deficient background. These results unveil a potential role of ALCα in protecting cerebral neurons from Aβ-dependent pathogenicity in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Gotoh
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuhki Saito
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Saori Hata
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruka Saito
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daiki Ojima
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Chiaki Murayama
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Mayo Shigeta
- Laboratory for Animal Resource Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resource Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daijiro Konno
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Fumio Matsuzaki
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Suzuki
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tohru Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan
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Baranger K, van Gijsel-Bonnello M, Stephan D, Carpentier W, Rivera S, Khrestchatisky M, Gharib B, De Reggi M, Benech P. Long-Term Pantethine Treatment Counteracts Pathologic Gene Dysregulation and Decreases Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis in a Transgenic Mouse Model. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:1237-1254. [PMID: 31267473 PMCID: PMC6985318 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-molecular weight thiol pantethine, known as a hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic agent, is the major precursor of co-enzyme A. We have previously shown that pantethine treatment reduces amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced IL-1β release and alleviates pathological metabolic changes in primary astrocyte cultures. These properties of pantethine prompted us to investigate its potential benefits in vivo in the 5XFAD (Tg) mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD).1.5-month-old Tg and wild-type (WT) male mice were submitted to intraperitoneal administration of pantethine or saline control solution for 5.5 months. The effects of such treatments were investigated by performing behavioral tests and evaluating astrogliosis, microgliosis, Αβ deposition, and whole genome expression arrays, using RNAs extracted from the mice hippocampi. We observed that long-term pantethine treatment significantly reduced glial reactivity and Αβ deposition, and abrogated behavioral alteration in Tg mice. Moreover, the transcriptomic profiles revealed that after pantethine treatment, the expression of genes differentially expressed in Tg mice, and in particular those known to be related to AD, were significantly alleviated. Most of the genes overexpressed in Tg compared to WT were involved in inflammation, complement activation, and phagocytosis and were found repressed upon pantethine treatment. In contrast, pantethine restored the expression of a significant number of genes involved in the regulation of Αβ processing and synaptic activities, which were downregulated in Tg mice. Altogether, our data support a beneficial role for long-term pantethine treatment in preserving CNS crucial functions altered by Aβ pathogenesis in Tg mice and highlight the potential efficiency of pantethine to alleviate AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Baranger
- CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Manuel van Gijsel-Bonnello
- CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
- Present Address: MRC Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre and School of Life Science - Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Welcome Trust Building, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH UK
| | - Delphine Stephan
- CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Wassila Carpentier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, UMS Omique, Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (P3S), F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Santiago Rivera
- CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | | | - Bouchra Gharib
- CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Max De Reggi
- CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Benech
- CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
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Motodate R, Saito H, Sobu Y, Hata S, Saito Y, Nakaya T, Suzuki T. X11 and X11-like proteins regulate the level of extrasynaptic glutamate receptors. J Neurochem 2018; 148:480-498. [PMID: 30411795 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
X11/Mint 1 and X11-like (X11L)/Mint 2 are neuronal adaptor protein to regulate trafficking and/or localization of various membrane proteins. By analyzing the localization of neuronal membrane proteins in X11-, X11L-, and X11/X11L doubly deficient mice with membrane fractionation procedures, we found that deficient of X11 and X11L decreased the level of glutamate receptors in non-PSD fraction. This finding suggests that X11 and X11L regulate the glutamate receptor micro-localization to the extrasynaptic region. In vitro coimmunoprecipitation studies of NMDA receptors lacking various cytoplasmic regions with X11 and X11L proteins harboring domain deletion suggest that extrasynaptic localization of NMDA receptor may be as a result of the multiple interactions of the receptor subunits with X11 and X11L regulated by protein phosphorylation, while that of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subunits is not dependent on the binding with X11 and X11L proteins. Because the loss of X11 and X11L tends to impair the exocytosis, but not endocytosis, of glutamate receptors, NMDA receptors are likely to be supplied to the extrasynaptic plasma membrane with a way distinct from the mechanism regulating the localization of NMDA receptors into synaptic membrane region. Reduced localization of NMDA receptor into the extrasynaptic region increased slightly the phosphorylation level of cAMP responsible element binding protein in brain of X11/X11L doubly deficient mice compare to wild-type mice, suggesting a possible role of X11 and X11L in the regulation of signal transduction pathway through extrasynaptic glutamate receptors. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Motodate
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruka Saito
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sobu
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Saori Hata
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuhki Saito
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nakaya
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Suzuki
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
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6
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Sobu Y, Furukori K, Chiba K, Nairn AC, Kinjo M, Hata S, Suzuki T. Phosphorylation of multiple sites within an acidic region of Alcadein α is required for kinesin-1 association and Golgi exit of Alcadein α cargo. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3844-3856. [PMID: 29093024 PMCID: PMC5739299 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-05-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcadein a (Alca) is reported to function as a cargo receptor when associated with kinesin-1. Phosphorylation of three serine residues in the acidic region located between the two WD motifs of Alca is required for interaction with kinesin-1 and Golgi exit of Alca cargo. Alcadein α (Alcα) is a major cargo of kinesin-1 that is subjected to anterograde transport in neuronal axons. Two tryptophan- and aspartic acid-containing (WD) motifs located in its cytoplasmic domain directly bind the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs of the kinesin light chain (KLC), which activate kinesin-1 and recruit kinesin-1 to Alcα cargo. We found that phosphorylation of three serine residues in the acidic region located between the two WD motifs is required for interaction with KLC. Phosphorylation of these serine residues may alter the disordered structure of the acidic region to induce direct association with KLC. Replacement of these serines with Ala results in a mutant that is unable to bind kinesin-1, which impairs exit of Alcα cargo from the Golgi. Despite this deficiency, the compromised Alcα mutant was still transported, albeit improperly by vesicles following missorting of the Alcα mutant with amyloid β-protein precursor (APP) cargo. This suggests that APP partially compensates for defective Alcα in anterograde transport by providing an alternative cargo receptor for kinesin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Sobu
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Keiko Furukori
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508
| | - Kyoko Chiba
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Angus C Nairn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508
| | - Masataka Kinjo
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Saori Hata
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Suzuki
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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Ring KL, An MC, Zhang N, O'Brien RN, Ramos EM, Gao F, Atwood R, Bailus BJ, Melov S, Mooney SD, Coppola G, Ellerby LM. Genomic Analysis Reveals Disruption of Striatal Neuronal Development and Therapeutic Targets in Human Huntington's Disease Neural Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 5:1023-1038. [PMID: 26651603 PMCID: PMC4682390 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We utilized induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from Huntington's disease (HD) patients as a human model of HD and determined that the disease phenotypes only manifest in the differentiated neural stem cell (NSC) stage, not in iPSCs. To understand the molecular basis for the CAG repeat expansion-dependent disease phenotypes in NSCs, we performed transcriptomic analysis of HD iPSCs and HD NSCs compared to isogenic controls. Differential gene expression and pathway analysis pointed to transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and netrin-1 as the top dysregulated pathways. Using data-driven gene coexpression network analysis, we identified seven distinct coexpression modules and focused on two that were correlated with changes in gene expression due to the CAG expansion. Our HD NSC model revealed the dysregulation of genes involved in neuronal development and the formation of the dorsal striatum. The striatal and neuronal networks disrupted could be modulated to correct HD phenotypes and provide therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Ring
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Mahru C An
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Ningzhe Zhang
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | | | - Eliana Marisa Ramos
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fuying Gao
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Robert Atwood
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | | | - Simon Melov
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Sean D Mooney
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lisa M Ellerby
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
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Dunning CJR, Black HL, Andrews KL, Davenport EC, Conboy M, Chawla S, Dowle AA, Ashford D, Thomas JR, Evans GJO. Multisite tyrosine phosphorylation of the N-terminus of Mint1/X11α by Src kinase regulates the trafficking of amyloid precursor protein. J Neurochem 2016; 137:518-27. [PMID: 26865271 PMCID: PMC4982022 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mint/X11 is one of the four neuronal trafficking adaptors that interact with amyloid precursor protein (APP) and are linked with its cleavage to generate β‐amyloid peptide, a key player in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. How APP switches between adaptors at different stages of the secretory pathway is poorly understood. Here, we show that tyrosine phosphorylation of Mint1 regulates the destination of APP. A canonical SH2‐binding motif (202YEEI) was identified in the N‐terminus of Mint1 that is phosphorylated on tyrosine by C‐Src and recruits the active kinase for sequential phosphorylation of further tyrosines (Y191 and Y187). A single Y202F mutation in the Mint1 N‐terminus inhibits C‐Src binding and tyrosine phosphorylation. Previous studies observed that co‐expression of wild‐type Mint1 and APP causes accumulation of APP in the trans‐Golgi. Unphosphorylatable Mint1 (Y202F) or pharmacological inhibition of Src reduced the accumulation of APP in the trans‐Golgi of heterologous cells. A similar result was observed in cultured rat hippocampal neurons where Mint1(Y202F) permitted the trafficking of APP to more distal neurites than the wild‐type protein. These data underline the importance of the tyrosine phosphorylation of Mint1 as a critical switch for determining the destination of APP.
The regulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) trafficking is poorly understood. We have discovered that the APP adapter, Mint1, is phosphorylated by C‐Src kinase. Mint1 causes APP accumulation in the trans‐Golgi network, whereas inhibition of Src or mutation of Mint1‐Y202 permits APP recycling. The phosphorylation status of Mint1 could impact on the pathological trafficking of APP in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam A Dowle
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
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Intracellular trafficking of the amyloid β-protein precursor (APP) regulated by novel function of X11-like. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22108. [PMID: 21818298 PMCID: PMC3139598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amyloid β (Aβ), a causative peptide of Alzheimer's disease, is generated by intracellular metabolism of amyloid β-protein precursor (APP). In general, mature APP (mAPP, N- and O-glycosylated form) is subject to successive cleavages by α- or β-, and γ-secretases in the late protein secretory pathway and/or at plasma membrane, while immature APP (imAPP, N-glycosylated form) locates in the early secretory pathway such as endoplasmic reticulum or cis-Golgi, in which imAPP is not subject to metabolic cleavages. X11-like (X11L) is a neural adaptor protein composed of a phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) and two C-terminal PDZ domains. X11L suppresses amyloidogenic cleavage of mAPP by direct binding of X11L through its PTB domain, thereby generation of Aβ lowers. X11L expresses another function in the regulation of intracellular APP trafficking. Methodology In order to analyze novel function of X11L in intracellular trafficking of APP, we performed a functional dissection of X11L. Using cells expressing various domain-deleted X11L mutants, intracellular APP trafficking was examined along with analysis of APP metabolism including maturation (O-glycosylation), processing and localization of APP. Conclusions X11L accumulates imAPP into the early secretory pathway by mediation of its C-terminal PDZ domains, without being bound to imAPP directly. With this novel function, X11L suppresses overall APP metabolism and results in further suppression of Aβ generation. Interestingly some of the accumulated imAPP in the early secretory pathway are likely to appear on plasma membrane by unidentified mechanism. Trafficking of imAPP to plasma membrane is observed in other X11 family proteins, X11 and X11L2, but not in other APP-binding partners such as FE65 and JIP1. It is herein clear that respective functional domains of X11L regulate APP metabolism at multiple steps in intracellular protein secretory pathways.
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Joo Y, Ha S, Hong BH, Kim J, Chang KA, Liew H, Kim S, Sun W, Kim JH, Chong YH, Suh YH, Kim HS. Amyloid precursor protein binding protein-1 modulates cell cycle progression in fetal neural stem cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14203. [PMID: 21151996 PMCID: PMC2996309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein binding protein-1 (APP-BP1) binds to the carboxyl terminus of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and serves as the bipartite activation enzyme for the ubiquitin-like protein, NEDD8. In the present study, we explored the physiological role of APP-BP1 in the cell cycle progression of fetal neural stem cells. Our results show that cell cycle progression of the cells is arrested at the G1 phase by depletion of APP-BP1, which results in a marked decrease in the proliferation of the cells. This action of APP-BP1 is antagonistically regulated by the interaction with APP. Consistent with the evidence that APP-BP1 function is critical for cell cycle progression, the amount of APP-BP1 varies depending upon cell cycle phase, with culminating expression at S-phase. Furthermore, our FRET experiment revealed that phosphorylation of APP at threonine 668, known to occur during the G2/M phase, is required for the interaction between APP and APP-BP1. We also found a moderate ubiquitous level of APP-BP1 mRNA in developing embryonic and early postnatal brains; however, APP-BP1 expression is reduced by P12, and only low levels of APP-BP1 were found in the adult brain. In the cerebral cortex of E16 rats, substantial expression of both APP-BP1 and APP mRNAs was observed in the ventricular zone. Collectively, these results indicate that APP-BP1 plays an important role in the cell cycle progression of fetal neural stem cells, through the interaction with APP, which is fostered by phosphorylation of threonine 668.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyoung Joo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungji Ha
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hyun Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong a Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjeong Liew
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Hun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hae Chong
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Hun Suh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Sungnam, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Yang HJ, Joo Y, Hong BH, Ha SJ, Woo RS, Lee SH, Suh YH, Kim HS. Amyloid Precursor Protein Binding Protein-1 Is Up-regulated in Brains of Tg2576 Mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 14:229-33. [PMID: 20827337 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2010.14.4.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein binding protein-1 (APP-BP1) binds to the carboxyl terminus of amyloid precursor protein and serves as a bipartite activation enzyme for the ubiquitin-like protein, NEDD8. Previously, it has been reported that APP-BP1 rescues the cell cycle S-M checkpoint defect in Ts41 hamster cells, that this rescue is dependent on the interaction of APP-BP1 with hUba3. The exogenous expression of APP-BP1 in neurons has been reported to cause DNA synthesis and apoptosis via a signaling pathway that is dependent on APP-BP1 binding to APP. These results suggest that APP-BP1 overexpression contributes to neurodegeneration. In the present study, we explored whether APP-BP1 expression was altered in the brains of Tg2576 mice, which is an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. APP-BP1 was found to be up-regulated in the hippocampus and cortex of 12 month-old Tg2576 mice compared to age-matched wild-type mice. In addition, APP-BP1 knockdown by siRNA treatment reduced cullin-1 neddylation in fetal neural stem cells, suggesting that APP-BP1 plays a role in cell cycle progression in the cells. Collectively, these results suggest that increased expression of APP-BP1, which has a role in cell cycle progression in neuronal cells, contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Yang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul 136-702, Korea
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