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Dong T, Tejwani L, Jung Y, Kokubu H, Luttik K, Driessen TM, Lim J. Microglia regulate brain progranulin levels through the endocytosis/lysosomal pathway. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e136147. [PMID: 34618685 PMCID: PMC8663778 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants in Granulin (GRN), which encodes the secreted glycoprotein progranulin (PGRN), are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal lobar degeneration, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, and Alzheimer's disease. These genetic alterations manifest in pathological changes due to a reduction of PGRN expression; therefore, identifying factors that can modulate PGRN levels in vivo would enhance our understanding of PGRN in neurodegeneration and could reveal novel potential therapeutic targets. Here, we report that modulation of the endocytosis/lysosomal pathway via reduction of Nemo-like kinase (Nlk) in microglia, but not in neurons, can alter total brain Pgrn levels in mice. We demonstrate that Nlk reduction promotes Pgrn degradation by enhancing its trafficking through the endocytosis/lysosomal pathway, specifically in microglia. Furthermore, genetic interaction studies in mice showed that Nlk heterozygosity in Grn haploinsufficient mice further reduces Pgrn levels and induces neuropathological phenotypes associated with PGRN deficiency. Our results reveal a mechanism for Pgrn level regulation in the brain through the active catabolism by microglia and provide insights into the pathophysiology of PGRN-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Dong
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Leon Tejwani
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Neuroscience
| | - Youngseob Jung
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kokubu
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kimberly Luttik
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Neuroscience
| | - Terri M. Driessen
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Janghoo Lim
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Neuroscience
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, and
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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2
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Zhu T, Zhu M, Qiu Y, Wu Z, Huang N, Wan G, Xu J, Song P, Wang S, Yin Y, Li P. Puerarin Alleviates Vascular Cognitive Impairment in Vascular Dementia Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:717008. [PMID: 34720898 PMCID: PMC8554240 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.717008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia triggers vascular dementia (VD), which is characterized by memory loss, cognitive deficits, and vascular injury in the brain. Puerarin (Pur) represents the major isoflavone glycoside of Radix Puerariae, with verified neuroprotective activity and cardiovascular protective effects. However, whether Pur ameliorates cognitive impairment and vascular injury in rats with permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (BCCAO) remains unknown. This work aimed to assess Pur's effects on BCCAO-induced VD and to dissect the underlying mechanisms, especially examining the function of transient receptor potential melastatin-related 2 (TRPM2) in alleviating cognitive deficits and vascular injuries. Rats with BCCAO developed VD. Pur (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) dose-dependently attenuated the pathological changes, increased synaptic structural plasticity in the dorsal CA1 hippocampal region and decreased oxidative stress, which eventually reduced cognitive impairment and vascular injury in BCCAO rats. Notably, Pur-improved neuronal cell loss, synaptic structural plasticity, and endothelial vasorelaxation function might be mediated by the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent TRPM2/NMDAR pathway, evidenced by decreased levels of ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA), Bax, Bax/Bcl2, and TRPM2, and increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), Bcl2, and NR2A. In conclusion, Pur has therapeutic potential for VD, alleviating neuronal cell apoptosis and vascular injury, which may be related to the ROS-dependent TRPM2/NMDAR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Moli Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zeqing Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ning Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guangrui Wan
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ping Song
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shuangxi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yaling Yin
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
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3
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Chen Z, Cao Y, Huang J, Tan Y, Wei J, Xiao J, Zou J, Feng H. NLK suppresses MAVS-mediated signaling in black carp antiviral innate immunity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 122:104105. [PMID: 33872658 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian Nemo-like kinase (NLK) plays important roles in multiple biological processes including immune response; however, the roles of teleost NLK remain largely unknown. In the present study, the NLK homolog (bcNLK) of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) has been cloned and characterized. The coding region of bcNLK consists of 1427 nucleotides and encodes 476 amino acid, including two low complexity region (LCR) domains at the N-terminus and a serine/threonine protein kinase catalytic (S-TKc) domain in the middle region. The transcription of bcNLK are promoted after spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection and poly (I:C) stimulation in host cells, but not post LPS treatment. bcNLK exhibits weak impact on the transcription of interferon (IFN) promoter in the reporter assay, however, black carp MAVS (bcMAVS)-mediated IFN promoter transcription is remarkably dampened by bcNLK. The interaction between bcNLK and bcMAVS is detected through the co-immunoprecipitation assay. Accordingly, the plaque assay results show that bcMAVS-mediated antiviral ability is impaired by bcNLK. Moreover, knockdown of bcNLK in host cells leads to the enhanced antiviral ability against SVCV. All these data support the conclusion that black carp NLK associates with MAVS and inhibited MAVS-mediated antiviral signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yingyi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yaqi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Wang X, Veeraraghavan J, Liu CC, Cao X, Qin L, Kim JA, Tan Y, Loo SK, Hu Y, Lin L, Lee S, Shea MJ, Mitchell T, Li S, Ellis MJ, Hilsenbeck SG, Schiff R, Wang XS. Therapeutic Targeting of Nemo-like Kinase in Primary and Acquired Endocrine-resistant Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:2648-2662. [PMID: 33542078 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endocrine resistance remains a major clinical challenge in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Despite the encouraging results from clinical trials for the drugs targeting known survival signaling, relapse is still inevitable. There is an unmet need to discover new drug targets in the unknown escape pathways. Here, we report Nemo-like kinase (NLK) as a new actionable kinase target that endows previously uncharacterized survival signaling in endocrine-resistant breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The effects of NLK inhibition on the viability of endocrine-resistant breast cancer cell lines were examined by MTS assay. The effect of VX-702 on NLK activity was verified by kinase assay. The modulation of ER and its coactivator, SRC-3, by NLK was examined by immunoprecipitation, kinase assay, luciferase assay, and RNA sequencing. The therapeutic effects of VX-702 and everolimus were tested on cell line- and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor models. RESULTS NLK overexpression endows reduced endocrine responsiveness and is associated with worse outcome of patients treated with tamoxifen. Mechanistically, NLK may function, at least in part, via enhancing the phosphorylation of ERα and its key coactivator, SRC-3, to modulate ERα transcriptional activity. Through interrogation of a kinase profiling database, we uncovered and verified a highly selective dual p38/NLK inhibitor, VX-702. Coadministration of VX-702 with the mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, demonstrated a significant therapeutic effect in cell line-derived xenograft and PDX tumor models of acquired or de novo endocrine resistance. CONCLUSIONS Together, this study reveals the potential of therapeutic modulation of NLK for the management of the endocrine-resistant breast cancers with active NLK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Women's Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jamunarani Veeraraghavan
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Chia-Chia Liu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Women's Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xixi Cao
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lanfang Qin
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jin-Ah Kim
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ying Tan
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Suet Kee Loo
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Women's Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yiheng Hu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Women's Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ling Lin
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Women's Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Martin J Shea
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Tamika Mitchell
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Shunqiang Li
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew J Ellis
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rachel Schiff
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiao-Song Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Women's Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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5
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Sagata N, Kano SI, Ohgidani M, Inamine S, Sakai Y, Kato H, Masuda K, Nakahara T, Nakahara-Kido M, Ohga S, Furue M, Sawa A, Kanba S, Kato TA. Forskolin rapidly enhances neuron-like morphological change of directly induced-neuronal cells from neurofibromatosis type 1 patients. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2020; 40:396-400. [PMID: 33037790 PMCID: PMC7722681 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a multifaceted disease, and frequently comorbid with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and learning disorder. Dysfunction of adenylyl cyclase (AC) is one of the candidate pathways in abnormal development of neuronal cells in the brain of NF1 patients, while its dynamic abnormalities have not been observed. Direct conversion technology can generate induced‐neuronal (iN) cells directly from human fibroblasts within 2 weeks. Just recently, we have revealed that forskolin, an AC activator, rescues the gene expression pattern of iN cells derived from NF1 patients (NF1‐iN cells). In this microreport, we show the dynamic effect of forskolin on NF1‐iN cells. Methods iN cells derived from healthy control (HC‐iN cells) and NF1‐iN cells were treated with forskolin (final concentration 10 μM), respectively. Morphological changes of iN cells were captured by inverted microscope with CCD camera every 2 minutes for 90 minutes. Results Prior to forskolin treatment, neuron‐like spherical‐form cells were observed in HC‐iN cells, but most NF1‐iN cells were not spherical‐form but flatform. Only 20 minutes after forskolin treatment, the morphology of the iN cells were dramatically changed from flatform to spherical form, especially in NF1‐iN cells. Conclusion The present pilot data indicate that forskolin or AC activators may have therapeutic effects on the growth of neuronal cells in NF1 patients. Further translational research should be conducted to validate our pilot findings for future drug development of ASD. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is highly comorbid with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and learning disorder, and underlying mechanisms have not been well clarified. We herein showed that forskolin, an AC activator, rapidly enhances neuron‐like morphological change of directly induced‐neuronal (iN) cells from NF1 patients. The present pilot data using the direct conversion technology indicate that forskolin or AC activators may have therapeutic effects on the growth of neuronal cells in NF1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Sagata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kano
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology & Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry, Mental Health, Neuroscience, and Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Masahiro Ohgidani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shogo Inamine
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasunari Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiji Masuda
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakahara
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makiko Nakahara-Kido
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Sawa
- Departments of Psychiatry, Mental Health, Neuroscience, and Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shigenobu Kanba
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Meng G, Mei H. Transcriptional Dysregulation Study Reveals a Core Network Involving the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:101. [PMID: 31133844 PMCID: PMC6513962 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is associated with dysregulation at different levels from transcriptome to cellular functioning. Such complexity necessitates investigations of disease etiology to be carried out considering multiple aspects of the disease and the use of independent strategies. The established works more emphasized on the structural organization of gene regulatory network while neglecting the internal regulation changes. Methods: Applying a strategy different from popularly used co-expression network analysis, this study investigated the transcriptional dysregulations during the transition from normal to disease states. Results: Ninety- seven genes were predicted as dysregulated genes, which were also associated with clinical outcomes of Alzheimer's disease. Both the co-expression and differential co-expression analysis suggested these genes to be interconnected as a core network and that their regulations were strengthened during the transition to disease states. Functional studies suggested the dysregulated genes to be associated with aging and synaptic function. Further, we checked the conservation of the gene co-expression and found that human and mouse brain might have divergent transcriptional co-regulation even when they had conserved gene expression profiles. Conclusion: Overall, our study reveals a core network of transcriptional dysregulation associated with the progression of Alzheimer's disease by affecting the aging and synaptic functions related genes; the gene regulation is not conserved in the human and mouse brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Meng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Computational and Modeling Science, PTS China, GSK R&D, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongkang Mei
- Computational and Modeling Science, PTS China, GSK R&D, Shanghai, China
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7
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Mib1 contributes to persistent directional cell migration by regulating the Ctnnd1-Rac1 pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9280-E9289. [PMID: 29078376 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712560114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent directional cell migration is involved in animal development and diseases. The small GTPase Rac1 is involved in F-actin and focal adhesion dynamics. Local Rac1 activity is required for persistent directional migration, whereas global, hyperactivated Rac1 enhances random cell migration. Therefore, precise control of Rac1 activity is important for proper directional cell migration. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of Rac1 activity in persistent directional cell migration is not fully understood. Here, we show that the ubiquitin ligase mind bomb 1 (Mib1) is involved in persistent directional cell migration. We found that knockdown of MIB1 led to an increase in random cell migration in HeLa cells in a wound-closure assay. Furthermore, we explored novel Mib1 substrates for cell migration and found that Mib1 ubiquitinates Ctnnd1. Mib1-mediated ubiquitination of Ctnnd1 K547 attenuated Rac1 activation in cultured cells. In addition, we found that posterior lateral line primordium cells in the zebrafish mib1ta52b mutant showed increased random migration and loss of directional F-actin-based protrusion formation. Knockdown of Ctnnd1 partially rescued posterior lateral line primordium cell migration defects in the mib1ta52b mutant. Taken together, our data suggest that Mib1 plays an important role in cell migration and that persistent directional cell migration is regulated, at least in part, by the Mib1-Ctnnd1-Rac1 pathway.
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8
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López-Colomé AM, Lee-Rivera I, Benavides-Hidalgo R, López E. Paxillin: a crossroad in pathological cell migration. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:50. [PMID: 28214467 PMCID: PMC5316197 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Paxilllin is a multifunctional and multidomain focal adhesion adapter protein which serves an important scaffolding role at focal adhesions by recruiting structural and signaling molecules involved in cell movement and migration, when phosphorylated on specific Tyr and Ser residues. Upon integrin engagement with extracellular matrix, paxillin is phosphorylated at Tyr31, Tyr118, Ser188, and Ser190, activating numerous signaling cascades which promote cell migration, indicating that the regulation of adhesion dynamics is under the control of a complex display of signaling mechanisms. Among them, paxillin disassembly from focal adhesions induced by extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of serines 106, 231, and 290 as well as the binding of the phosphatase PEST to paxillin have been shown to play a key role in cell migration. Paxillin also coordinates the spatiotemporal activation of signaling molecules, including Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA GTPases, by recruiting GEFs, GAPs, and GITs to focal adhesions. As a major participant in the regulation of cell movement, paxillin plays distinct roles in specific tissues and developmental stages and is involved in immune response, epithelial morphogenesis, and embryonic development. Importantly, paxillin is also an essential player in pathological conditions including oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial cell barrier dysfunction, and cancer development and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María López-Colomé
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-253, Ciudad Universitaria, México, 04510, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Irene Lee-Rivera
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-253, Ciudad Universitaria, México, 04510, D.F., Mexico
| | - Regina Benavides-Hidalgo
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-253, Ciudad Universitaria, México, 04510, D.F., Mexico
| | - Edith López
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-253, Ciudad Universitaria, México, 04510, D.F., Mexico
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9
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Li X, Liu N, Wang Y, Liu J, Shi H, Qu Z, Du T, Guo B, Gu B. Brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein-1 cooperates with glycogen synthase kinase-3β to regulate osteogenesis of bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells in type 2 diabetes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 440:93-105. [PMID: 27717746 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with inhibited osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1 (BMAL1) has been linked to the T2DM-related bone remodeling, however, the specific mechanism is still unclear. Herein, we aimed to determine the role of BMAL1 in T2DM-induced suppression of BMSCs osteogenesis. Inhibited osteogenesis and BMAL1 expression were showed in diabetic BMSCs. And while β-catenin and T cell factor (TCF) expression were decreased, the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and nemo-like kinase (NLK) expression were increased in diabetic BMSCs. Moreover, over-expression of BMAL1 led to recovered osteogenesis ability and activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which was partially due to inhibition of GSK-3β caused by over-expression of BMAL1. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the role of BMAL1 in T2DM-induced suppression of BMSCs osteogenesis. Over-expressed BMAL1 could recover BMSCs osteogenesis in T2DM partially by decreasing GSK-3β expression to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway. BMAL1 may have a potential use in repairing diabetic bone metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Li
- Institution of Stomatology, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.
| | - Na Liu
- Institution of Stomatology, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.
| | - Yizhu Wang
- Institution of Stomatology, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinglong Liu
- Institution of Stomatology, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.
| | - Haigang Shi
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Qu
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Xinhua Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Tingting Du
- Institution of Stomatology, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.
| | - Bin Guo
- Institution of Stomatology, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.
| | - Bin Gu
- Institution of Stomatology, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.
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10
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Moon S, Kim W, Kim S, Kim Y, Song Y, Bilousov O, Kim J, Lee T, Cha B, Kim M, Kim H, Katanaev VL, Jho EH. Phosphorylation by NLK inhibits YAP-14-3-3-interactions and induces its nuclear localization. EMBO Rep 2016; 18:61-71. [PMID: 27979972 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201642683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippo signaling controls organ size by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a key downstream effector of Hippo signaling, and LATS-mediated phosphorylation of YAP at Ser127 inhibits its nuclear localization and transcriptional activity. Here, we report that Nemo-like kinase (NLK) phosphorylates YAP at Ser128 both in vitro and in vivo, which blocks interaction with 14-3-3 and enhances its nuclear localization. Depletion of NLK increases YAP phosphorylation at Ser127 and reduces YAP-mediated reporter activity. These results suggest that YAP phosphorylation at Ser128 and at Ser127 may be mutually exclusive. We also find that with the increase in cell density, nuclear localization and the level of NLK are reduced, resulting in reduction in YAP phosphorylation at Ser128. Furthermore, knockdown of Nemo (the Drosophila NLK) in fruit fly wing imaginal discs results in reduced expression of the Yorkie (the Drosophila YAP) target genes expanded and DIAP1, while Nemo overexpression reciprocally increased the expression. Overall, our data suggest that NLK/Nemo acts as an endogenous regulator of Hippo signaling by controlling nuclear localization and activity of YAP/Yorkie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungho Moon
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wantae Kim
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soyoung Kim
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngeun Kim
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yonghee Song
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Oleksii Bilousov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taebok Lee
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boksik Cha
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minseong Kim
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanjun Kim
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland .,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Eek-Hoon Jho
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Masoumi KC, Daams R, Sime W, Siino V, Ke H, Levander F, Massoumi R. NLK-mediated phosphorylation of HDAC1 negatively regulates Wnt signaling. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 28:346-355. [PMID: 27903773 PMCID: PMC5231902 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-07-0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary embryonic fibroblast cells isolated from NLK-deficient mice proliferate faster and have a shorter cell cycle than wild-type cells. Nemo-like kinase and HDAC1 together negatively regulate Wnt signaling via Tcf/Lef transcription repression and prevent aberrant proliferation of fibroblast cells. The Wnt signaling pathway is essential in regulating various cellular processes. Different mechanisms of inhibition for Wnt signaling have been proposed. Besides β-catenin degradation through the proteasome, nemo-like kinase (NLK) is another molecule that is known to negatively regulate Wnt signaling. However, the mechanism by which NLK mediates the inhibition of Wnt signaling was not known. In the present study, we used primary embryonic fibroblast cells isolated from NLK-deficient mice and showed that these cells proliferate faster and have a shorter cell cycle than wild-type cells. In NLK-knockout cells, we observed sustained interaction between Lef1 and β-catenin, leading to elevated luciferase reporter of β-catenin/Lef1–mediated transcriptional activation. The mechanism for the reduced β-catenin/Lef1 promoter activation was explained by phosphorylation of HDAC1 at serine 421 via NLK. The phosphorylation of HDAC1 was achieved only in the presence of wild-type NLK because a catalytically inactive mutant of NLK was unable to phosphorylate HDAC1 and reduced the luciferase reporter of β-catenin/Lef1–mediated transcriptional activation. This result suggests that NLK and HDAC1 together negatively regulate Wnt signaling, which is vital in preventing aberrant proliferation of nontransformed primary fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renée Daams
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund 22381, Sweden
| | - Wondossen Sime
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund 22381, Sweden
| | - Valentina Siino
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund 22381, Sweden
| | - Hengning Ke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund 22381, Sweden.,Cancer Research Institute, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Fredrik Levander
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund 22381, Sweden.,National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund 22381, Sweden
| | - Ramin Massoumi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund 22381, Sweden
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12
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Yuan HX, Wang Z, Yu FX, Li F, Russell RC, Jewell JL, Guan KL. NLK phosphorylates Raptor to mediate stress-induced mTORC1 inhibition. Genes Dev 2016; 29:2362-76. [PMID: 26588989 PMCID: PMC4691891 DOI: 10.1101/gad.265116.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Yuan et al. show that the Nemo-like kinase (NLK) phosphorylates Raptor on S863 to disrupt its interaction with the Rag GTPase, which is important for mTORC1 lysosomal recruitment. Cells with Nlk deletion or knock-in of the Raptor S863 phosphorylation mutants are defective in the rapid mTORC1 inhibition upon osmotic stress. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central cell growth controller and forms two distinct complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTORC1 integrates a wide range of upstream signals, both positive and negative, to regulate cell growth. Although mTORC1 activation by positive signals, such as growth factors and nutrients, has been extensively investigated, the mechanism of mTORC1 regulation by stress signals is less understood. In this study, we identified the Nemo-like kinase (NLK) as an mTORC1 regulator in mediating the osmotic and oxidative stress signals. NLK inhibits mTORC1 lysosomal localization and thereby suppresses mTORC1 activation. Mechanistically, NLK phosphorylates Raptor on S863 to disrupt its interaction with the Rag GTPase, which is important for mTORC1 lysosomal recruitment. Cells with Nlk deletion or knock-in of the Raptor S863 phosphorylation mutants are defective in the rapid mTORC1 inhibition upon osmotic stress. Our study reveals a function of NLK in stress-induced mTORC1 modulation and the underlying biochemical mechanism of NLK in mTORC1 inhibition in stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China; Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92130, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China
| | - Fa-Xing Yu
- Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China; Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92130, USA
| | - Fulong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China
| | - Ryan C Russell
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92130, USA
| | - Jenna L Jewell
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92130, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92130, USA
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13
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Lv Z, Li C, Zhang W, Jin C, Shao Y, Xuemei D, Qingxi H. Nemo like kinase negatively regulates NF-κB activation and coelomocytes apoptosis in Apostichopus japonicus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 54:109-115. [PMID: 26363086 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factors are related to several physiological processes, including innate and acquired immunity. In this study, a novel negative regulator of the Nemo-like kinase (NLK) gene was identified from Apostichopus japonicus through PCR (denoted as AjNLK). The complete AjNLK cDNA was of 2335 bp, with a 5'-UTR of 315 bp, a 3'-UTR of 718 bp, and a putative ORF of 1302 bp, and encoded a polypeptide of 433 amino acid residues with a typical serine/threonine protein kinase domain. Blast analysis revealed that AjNLK shared a high degree of structural conservation with its counterparts from other invertebrates and vertebrates. Spatial expression analysis indicated that the expression of AjNLK mRNA transcripts was higher in the tentacles than that in coelomocytes. The expression of AjNLK mRNA in coelomocytes was suppressed after Vibrio splendidus challenge by 0.51-fold and 0.41-fold at 72 and 96 h, respectively, compared with that in the control group. Similarly, AjNLK expression was down-regulated in primary coelomocytes exposed to 1 μg mL(-1) lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Functional investigation further revealed that the NF-κB factor p105 was induced at both mRNA and protein levels after AjNLK silencing in vitro. Meanwhile, the apoptosis of LPS-induced coelomocytes was significantly inhibited in AjNLK siRNA-transfected coelomocytes. These results supported that AjNLK negatively regulated NF-κB activation and cell apoptosis in sea cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimeng Lv
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, China.
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, China
| | - Chunua Jin
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, China
| | - Yina Shao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, China
| | - Duan Xuemei
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, China
| | - Han Qingxi
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, China
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14
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Suwei D, Liang Z, Zhimin L, Ruilei L, Yingying Z, Zhen L, Chunlei G, Zhangchao L, Yuanbo X, Jinyan Y, Gaofeng L, Xin S. NLK functions to maintain proliferation and stemness of NSCLC and is a target of metformin. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:120. [PMID: 26503334 PMCID: PMC4620602 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that regulates the activity of a wide range of signal transduction pathways. Metformin, an oral antidiabetic drug, is used for cancer prevention. However, the significance and underlying mechanism of NLK and metformin in oncogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigate a novel role of NLK and metformin in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and methods NLK expression was analyzed in 121 NSCLCs and 92 normal lung tissue samples from benign pulmonary disease. Lentivirus vectors with NLK-shRNA were used to examine the effect of NLK on cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in vitro. Then, tumor xenograft mouse models revealed that NLK knockdown cells had a reduced ability for tumor formation compared with the control group in vivo. Multiple cell cycle regulator expression patterns induced by NLK silencing were examined by western blots in A549 cells. We also employed metformin to study its anti-cancer effects and mechanisms. Cancer stem cell property was checked by tumor sphere formation and markers including CD133, Nanog, c-Myc, and TLF4. Results Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis revealed that NLK expression was up-regulated in NSCLC cases (p < 0.001) and correlated with tumor T stage (p < 0.05). Silencing of NLK suppressed cell proliferation and tumorigenicity significantly in vitro and in vivo, which might be modulated by JUN family proteins. Furthermore, metformin selectively inhibits NLK expression and proliferation in NSCLC cells, but not immortalized noncancerous lung bronchial epithelial cells. In addition, both NLK knockdown and metformin treatment reduced the tumor sphere formation capacity and percentage of CD133+ cells. Accordingly, the expression level of stem cell markers (Nanog, c-Myc, and TLF4) were decreased significantly. Conclusion NLK is critical for cancer cell cycle progression, and tumorigenesis in NSCLC, NLK knockdown, and metformin treatment inhibit cancer cell proliferation and stemness. Metformin inhibits NLK expression and might be a potential treatment strategy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Suwei
- Cancer Research Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zeng Liang
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Tumor Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liu Zhimin
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Ruilei
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zou Yingying
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Zhen
- Cancer Research Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ge Chunlei
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lai Zhangchao
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue Yuanbo
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Jinyan
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Gaofeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Song Xin
- Cancer Research Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Huang Y, Yang Y, He Y, Li J. The emerging role of Nemo-like kinase (NLK) in the regulation of cancers. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9147-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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16
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Yang M, Wu M, Xia P, Wang C, Yan P, Gao Q, Liu J, Wang H, Duan X, Yang X. The role of microtubule-associated protein 1B in axonal growth and neuronal migration in the central nervous system. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:842-8. [PMID: 25737712 PMCID: PMC4342712 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the role of microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) and its phosphorylation in axonal development and regeneration in the central nervous system. MAP1B exhibits similar functions during axonal development and regeneration. MAP1B and phosphorylated MAP1B in neurons and axons maintain a dynamic balance between cytoskeletal components, and regulate the stability and interaction of microtubules and actin to promote axonal growth, neural connectivity and regeneration in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoguang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Minfei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chunxin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xingwei Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
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17
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β-Catenin-related protein WRM-1 is a multifunctional regulatory subunit of the LIT-1 MAPK complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 112:E137-46. [PMID: 25548171 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1416339112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate β-catenin has two functions, as a structural component of the adherens junction in cell adhesion and as the T-cell factor (TCF) transcriptional coactivator in canonical Wnt (wingless-related integration site) signaling. These two functions are split between three of the four β-catenin-related proteins present in the round worm Caenorhabditis elegans. The fourth β-catenin-related protein, WRM-1, exhibits neither of these functions. Instead, WRM-1 binds the MAPK loss of intestine 1 (LIT-1), and these two proteins have been shown to be essential for the transcription of Wnt target genes by phosphorylating and regulating the nuclear level of the sole worm TCF protein. We showed previously that WRM-1 binds to worm TCF and functions as the substrate-binding subunit for LIT-1. In this study, we show that phosphorylation of T220 in the activation loop is essential for LIT-1 kinase activity in vivo and in vitro. T220 can be phosphorylated either through LIT-1 autophosphorylation or directly by the upstream MAP3K MOM-4. Our data support a model in which WRM-1, which can undergo homotypic interaction, binds LIT-1 and thereby generates a kinase complex in which LIT-1 molecules are situated in a conformation enabling autophosphorylation as well as promoting phosphorylation of the T220 residue by MOM-4. In addition, we show that WRM-1 is essential for the translocation of the LIT-1 kinase complex to the nucleus, the site of its TCF substrate. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a MAP3K directly activating a MAPK by phosphorylation within the activation loop. This study should help uncover novel and as yet underappreciated functions of vertebrate β-catenin.
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18
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Han Y, Kuang Y, Xue X, Guo X, Li P, Wang X, Guo X, Yuan B, Zhi Q, Zhao H. NLK, a novel target of miR-199a-3p, functions as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:497-505. [PMID: 24972723 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that miR-199a-3p is a newly biomarker for diagnosis and novel prognostic indicator in colorectal cancer. However, the miR-199a-3p regulatory mechanism and its target genes are still unclear. In our present study, we demonstrated miR-199a-3p could directly target 3'-UTR of NLK gene by luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis. We detected NLK expressions in 92 colorectal cancer cases to evaluate its clinicopathologic characteristics in colorectal cancer. Our results showed that NLK expression was significantly downregulated in cancer tissues than NATs, and NLK low-expression was associated with lymph node metastasis, venous invasion, liver metastasis and the TNM stage (P<0.05). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that low expression of NLK correlated with a shorter overall survival rates of patients with CRC (P<0.05). In vitro, we also found that NLK suppressed the biological behaviors of colorectal cancer cells, including the abilities of cell proliferation, clone formation, wound healing, migration and invasion (P<0.05), while overexpression of NLK increased the apoptotic rate of colorectal cancer cells. All these results suggested that NLK was an identified miR-199a-3p target gene and functioned as a tumor suppressor gene in colorectal cancer. NLK could be a novel direction for developing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Han
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yuting Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiaobo Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Pu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xingpo Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Qiaoming Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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19
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Shaw-Hallgren G, Chmielarska Masoumi K, Zarrizi R, Hellman U, Karlsson P, Helou K, Massoumi R. Association of nuclear-localized Nemo-like kinase with heat-shock protein 27 inhibits apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96506. [PMID: 24816797 PMCID: PMC4015990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nemo-like kinase (NLK), a proline-directed serine/threonine kinase regulated by phosphorylation, can be localized in the cytosol or in the nucleus. Whether the localization of NLK can affect cell survival or cell apoptosis is yet to be disclosed. In the present study we found that NLK was mainly localized in the nuclei of breast cancer cells, in contrast to a cytosolic localization in non-cancerous breast epithelial cells. The nuclear localization of NLK was mediated through direct interaction with Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) which further protected cancer cells from apoptosis. The present study provides evidence of a novel mechanism by which HSP27 recognizes NLK in the breast cancer cells and prevents NLK-mediated cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Shaw-Hallgren
- Translational Cancer Research, Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Chmielarska Masoumi
- Translational Cancer Research, Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Reihaneh Zarrizi
- Translational Cancer Research, Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hellman
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Karlsson
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Oncology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Khalil Helou
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Oncology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ramin Massoumi
- Translational Cancer Research, Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Villarroel-Campos D, Gonzalez-Billault C. The MAP1B case: an old MAP that is new again. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 74:953-71. [PMID: 24700609 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The functions of microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) have historically been linked to the development of the nervous system, based on its very early expression in neurons and glial cells. Moreover, mice in which MAP1B is genetically inactivated have been used extensively to show its role in axonal elongation, neuronal migration, and axonal guidance. In the last few years, it has become apparent that MAP1B has other cellular and molecular functions that are not related to its microtubule-stabilizing properties in the embryonic and adult brain. In this review, we present a systematic review of the canonical and novel functions of MAP1B and propose that, in addition to regulating the polymerization of microtubule and actin microfilaments, MAP1B also acts as a signaling protein involved in normal physiology and pathological conditions in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Villarroel-Campos
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics (Cenedyn), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Muñoz-Soriano V, Ruiz C, Pérez-Alonso M, Mlodzik M, Paricio N. Nemo regulates cell dynamics and represses the expression of miple, a midkine/pleiotrophin cytokine, during ommatidial rotation. Dev Biol 2013; 377:113-25. [PMID: 23428616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ommatidial rotation is one of the most important events for correct patterning of the Drosophila eye. Although several signaling pathways are involved in this process, few genes have been shown to specifically affect it. One of them is nemo (nmo), which encodes a MAP-like protein kinase that regulates the rate of rotation throughout the entire process, and serves as a link between core planar cell polarity (PCP) factors and the E-cadherin-β-catenin complex. To determine more precisely the role of nmo in ommatidial rotation, live-imaging analyses in nmo mutant and wild-type early pupal eye discs were performed. We demonstrate that ommatidial rotation is not a continuous process, and that rotating and non-rotating interommatidial cells are very dynamic. Our in vivo analyses also show that nmo regulates the speed of rotation and is required in cone cells for correct ommatidial rotation, and that these cells as well as interommatidial cells are less dynamic in nmo mutants. Furthermore, microarray analyses of nmo and wild-type larval eye discs led us to identify new genes and signaling pathways related to nmo function during this process. One of them, miple, encodes the Drosophila ortholog of the midkine/pleiotrophin secreted cytokines that are involved in cell migration processes. miple is highly up-regulated in nmo mutant discs. Indeed, phenotypic analyses reveal that miple overexpression leads to ommatidial rotation defects. Genetic interaction assays suggest that miple is signaling through Ptp99A, the Drosophila ortholog of the vertebrate midkine/pleiotrophin PTPζ receptor. Accordingly, we propose that one of the roles of Nmo during ommatial rotation is to repress miple expression, which may in turn affect the dynamics in E-cadherin-β-catenin complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Muñoz-Soriano
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de CC Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, Doctor Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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22
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Zhang B, Li KY, Chen HY, Pan SD, Chen SF, Zhang WF, Xia CP, Jiang LC, Liu XB, Zhao FJ, Yuan DY, Wang LX, Wu YP, Liu SW. Lentivirus-based RNA silencing of Nemo-like kinase (NLK) inhibits the CAL 27 human adenosquamos carcinoma cells proliferation and blocks G0/G1 phase to S phase. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:1301-6. [PMID: 23983589 PMCID: PMC3753414 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that involved in a number of signaling pathways regulating cell fate. Variation of NLK has been shown to be associated with the risk of cancer. However, the function of NLK in oral adenosquamous carcinoma cells line CAL-27 is unknown. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the function of NLK in CAL-27 cells by using lentivirus-mediated RNA silence. The targeted gene expression, cell proliferation and cell cycle are investigated by RT-PCR, western-blot, MTT method, colony forming assay and flow cytometry analysis respectively. RESULTS After NLK silencing, the number of colonies was significantly reduced (54 ± 5 colonies/well compared with 262 ± 18 colonies/well in non-infected or 226 ± 4 colonies/well in negative control group (sequence not related to NLK sequence with mismatched bases). Using crystal violet staining, we also found that the cell number per colony was dramatically reduced. The RNA silencing of NLK blocks the G0/G1 phase to S phase progression during the cell cycle. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that NLK silencing by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference would be a potential therapeutic method to control oral squamous carcinoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Anatomy Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan Shandong, 250012, P R China
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23
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Ishitani T, Ishitani S. Nemo-like kinase, a multifaceted cell signaling regulator. Cell Signal 2012; 25:190-7. [PMID: 23000342 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is an evolutionarily conserved MAP kinase-related kinase. Although NLK was originally identified as a Drosophila gene affecting cell movement during eye development, recent studies show that NLK also contributes to cell proliferation, differentiation, and morphological changes during early embryogenesis and nervous system development in vertebrates. In addition, NLK has been reported to be involved in the development of several human cancers. NLK is able to play a role in multiple processes due to its capacity to regulate a diverse array of signaling pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin, Activin, IL-6, and Notch signaling pathways. Although the molecular mechanisms that regulate NLK activity remain unclear, our recent research has presented a new model for NLK activation. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the function and regulation of NLK and discuss the aspects of NLK regulation that remain to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Ishitani
- Division of Cell Regulation Systems, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Ota S, Ishitani S, Shimizu N, Matsumoto K, Itoh M, Ishitani T. NLK positively regulates Wnt/β-catenin signalling by phosphorylating LEF1 in neural progenitor cells. EMBO J 2012; 31:1904-15. [PMID: 22373574 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2012.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nemo-like kinase (NLK/Nlk) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase involved in Wnt/β-catenin signalling. However, the roles of NLK in Wnt/β-catenin signalling in vertebrates remain unclear. Here, we show that inhibition of Nlk2 function in zebrafish results in decreased Lymphoid enhancer factor-1 (Lef1)-mediated gene expression and cell proliferation in the presumptive midbrain, resulting in a reduction of midbrain tectum size. These defects are related to phosphorylation of Lef1 by Nlk2. Thus, Nlk2 is essential for the phosphorylation and activation of Lef1 transcriptional activity in neural progenitor cells (NPCs). In NPC-like mammalian cells, NLK is also required for the phosphorylation and activation of LEF1 transcriptional activity. Phosphorylation of LEF1 induces its dissociation from histone deacetylase, thereby allowing transcription activation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that NLK functions downstream of Dishevelled (Dvl) in the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Our findings reveal a novel role of NLK in the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ota
- Division of Cell Regulation Systems, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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25
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Leung YM, Huang CF, Chao CC, Lu DY, Kuo CS, Cheng TH, Chang LY, Chou CH. Voltage-gated K+ channels play a role in cAMP-stimulated neuritogenesis in mouse neuroblastoma N2A cells. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1090-8. [PMID: 20857407 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuritogenesis is essential in establishing the neuronal circuitry. An important intracellular signal causing neuritogenesis is cAMP. In this report, we showed that an increase in intracellular cAMP stimulated neuritogenesis in neuroblastoma N2A cells via a PKA-dependent pathway. Two voltage-gated K(+) (Kv) channel blockers, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and tetraethylammonium (TEA), inhibited cAMP-stimulated neuritogenesis in N2A cells in a concentration-dependent manner that remarkably matched their ability to inhibit Kv currents in these cells. Consistently, siRNA knock down of Kv1.1, Kv1.4, and Kv2.1 expression reduced Kv currents and inhibited cAMP-stimulated neuritogenesis. Kv1.1, Kv1.4, and Kv2.1 channels were expressed in the cell bodies and neurites as shown by immunohistochemistry. Microfluorimetric imaging of intracellular [K(+)] demonstrated that [K(+)] in neurites was lower than that in the cell body. We also showed that cAMP-stimulated neuritogenesis may not involve voltage-gated Ca(2+) or Na(+) channels. Taken together, the results suggest a role of Kv channels and enhanced K(+) efflux in cAMP/PKA-stimulated neuritogenesis in N2A cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuk-Man Leung
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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26
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Kanarik M, Alttoa A, Matrov D, Kõiv K, Sharp T, Panksepp J, Harro J. Brain responses to chronic social defeat stress: effects on regional oxidative metabolism as a function of a hedonic trait, and gene expression in susceptible and resilient rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2011; 21:92-107. [PMID: 20656462 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2010.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic social defeat stress, a depression model in rats, reduced struggling in the forced swimming test dependent on a hedonic trait-stressed rats with high sucrose intake struggled less. Social defeat reduced brain regional energy metabolism, and this effect was also more pronounced in rats with high sucrose intake. A number of changes in gene expression were identified after social defeat stress, most notably the down-regulation of Gsk3b and Map1b. The majority of differences were between stress-susceptible and resilient rats. Conclusively, correlates of inter-individual differences in stress resilience can be identified both at gene expression and oxidative metabolism levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margus Kanarik
- Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tiigi 78, 50410 Tartu, Estonia
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27
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Ishitani S, Inaba K, Matsumoto K, Ishitani T. Homodimerization of Nemo-like kinase is essential for activation and nuclear localization. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 22:266-77. [PMID: 21118996 PMCID: PMC3020921 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-07-0605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
NLK is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that phosphorylates several transcription factors. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate NLK activity have been poorly understood. This study shows that homodimerization of NLK is required for its activation and nuclear localization. Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that phosphorylates several transcription factors. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate NLK activity have been poorly understood. Here we show that homodimerization of NLK is required for its activation and nuclear localization. Biochemical analysis revealed that NLK is activated through intermolecular autophosphorylation of NLK dimers at Thr-286. Mutation of NLK at Cys-425, which corresponds to the defect in the Caenorhabditis elegans NLK homologue lit-1, prevented NLK dimerization, rendering NLK defective in both nuclear localization and kinase activity. By contrast, the external addition of nerve growth factor, which has been previously identified as an NLK activator, induced dimerization and Thr-286 autophosphorylation of endogenous NLK proteins. In addition, both dimerization and Thr-286 phosphorylation of NLK were found to be essential for induction of neurite-like cellular processes by NLK. The present findings suggest that dimerization is an initial key event required for the functional activation of NLK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Ishitani
- Division of Cell Regulation Systems, Department of Post-Genome Science Center, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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28
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Harrill JA, Freudenrich TM, Machacek DW, Stice SL, Mundy WR. Quantitative assessment of neurite outgrowth in human embryonic stem cell-derived hN2 cells using automated high-content image analysis. Neurotoxicology 2010; 31:277-90. [PMID: 20188755 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Throughout development neurons undergo a number of morphological changes including neurite outgrowth from the cell body. Exposure to neurotoxic chemicals that interfere with this process may result in permanent deficits in nervous system function. Traditionally, rodent primary neural cultures and immortalized human and non-human clonal cell lines have been used to investigate the molecular mechanisms controlling neurite outgrowth and examine chemical effects on this process. The present study characterizes the molecular phenotype of hN2 human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived neural cells and uses automated high-content image analysis to measure neurite outgrowth in vitro. At 24h post-plating hN2 cells express a number of protein markers indicative of a neuronal phenotype, including: nestin, beta(III)-tubulin, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and phosphorylated neurofilaments. Neurite outgrowth in hN2 cells proceeded rapidly, with a majority of cells extending one to three neurites by 48h in culture. In addition, concentration-dependent decreases in neurite outgrowth and ATP-content were observed following treatment of hN2 cells with either bisindolylmaleimide I, U0126, lithium chloride, sodium orthovanadate and brefeldin A, all of which have previously been shown to inhibit neurite outgrowth in primary rodent neural cultures. Overall, the molecular phenotype, rate of neurite outgrowth and sensitivity of hN2 cells to neurite outgrowth inhibitors were comparable to other in vitro models previously characterized in the literature. hN2 cells provide a model in which to investigate chemical effects on neurite outgrowth in a non-transformed human-derived cells and provide an alternative to the use of primary rodent neural cultures or immortalized clonal cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Harrill
- Systems Biology Branch, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
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Castaño Z, Gordon-Weeks PR, Kypta RM. The neuron-specific isoform of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta is required for axon growth. J Neurochem 2010; 113:117-30. [PMID: 20067585 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) has become an important target for the treatment of mood disorders and neurodegenerative disease. It comprises three enzymes, GSK-3alpha, beta and the neuron-specific isoform, beta2. GSK-3 regulates axon growth by phosphorylating microtubule-associated proteins including Tau. A genetic polymorphism that leads to an increase in the ratio of GSK-3beta1 to GSK-3beta2 interacts with Tau haplotypes to modify disease risk in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. We have examined the roles of each isoform of GSK-3 in neurons. Silencing of GSK-3beta2 inhibited retinoic acid-induced neurite outgrowth in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and axon growth in rat cortical neurons. Inhibition of neurite outgrowth was prevented by co-expression of GSK-3beta2 but not by co-expression of GSK-3alpha or GSK-3beta1. Ectopic expression GSK-3beta2 enhanced the effects of retinoic acid on neurite length and induced neurite formation in the absence of retinoic acid. GSK-3beta2 phosphorylated Tau at a subset of those sites phosphorylated by GSK-3beta1. In addition, Axin, which regulates responses to Wnt signals, associated more readily with GSK-3beta1 than with GSK-3beta2. Our results suggest that GSK-3 inhibitors that target the Axin-binding site in GSK-3 will preserve the beneficial effects of GSK-3beta2 on axon growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafira Castaño
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Spain
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