1
|
Komuro Y, Galas L, Morozov YM, Fahrion JK, Raoult E, Lebon A, Tilot AK, Kikuchi S, Ohno N, Vaudry D, Rakic P, Komuro H. The Role of Galanin in Cerebellar Granule Cell Migration in the Early Postnatal Mouse during Normal Development and after Injury. J Neurosci 2021; 41:8725-8741. [PMID: 34462307 PMCID: PMC8528496 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0900-15.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Galanin, one of the most inducible neuropeptides, is widely present in developing brains, and its expression is altered by pathologic events (e.g., epilepsy, ischemia, and axotomy). The roles of galanin in brain development under both normal and pathologic conditions have been hypothesized, but the question of how galanin is involved in fetal and early postnatal brain development remains largely unanswered. In this study, using granule cell migration in the cerebellum of early postnatal mice (both sexes) as a model system, we examined the role of galanin in neuronal cell migration during normal development and after brain injury. Here we show that, during normal development, endogenous galanin participates in accelerating granule cell migration via altering the Ca2+ and cAMP signaling pathways. Upon brain injury induced by the application of cold insults, galanin levels decrease at the lesion sites, but increase in the surroundings of lesion sites. Granule cells exhibit the following corresponding changes in migration: (1) slowing down migration at the lesion sites; and (2) accelerating migration in the surroundings of lesion sites. Experimental manipulations of galanin signaling reduce the lesion site-specific changes in granule cell migration, indicating that galanin plays a role in such deficits in neuronal cell migration. The present study suggests that manipulating galanin signaling may be a potential therapeutic target for acutely injured brains during development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Deficits in neuronal cell migration caused by brain injury result in abnormal development of cortical layers, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be determined. Here, we report that on brain injury, endogenous levels of galanin, a neuropeptide, are altered in a lesion site-specific manner, decreasing at the lesion sites but increasing in the surroundings of lesion sites. The changes in galanin levels positively correlate with the migration rate of immature neurons. Manipulations of galanin signaling ameliorate the effects of injury on neuronal migration and cortical layer development. These results shed a light on galanin as a potential therapeutic target for acutely injured brains during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Komuro
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Ludovic Galas
- Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Normandy, INSERM, Université de Rouen Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Yury M Morozov
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Jennifer K Fahrion
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Emilie Raoult
- Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Normandy, INSERM, Université de Rouen Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Alexis Lebon
- Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Normandy, INSERM, Université de Rouen Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Amanda K Tilot
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Shin Kikuchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - David Vaudry
- Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Normandy, INSERM, Université de Rouen Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
- Neuropeptides, Neuronal Death and Cell Plasticity Team, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, INSERM U1239, Université de Rouen Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Hitoshi Komuro
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Solés-Tarrés I, Cabezas-Llobet N, Vaudry D, Xifró X. Protective Effects of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Against Cognitive Decline in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:221. [PMID: 32765225 PMCID: PMC7380167 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is one of the major symptoms in most neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson (PD), and Huntington diseases (HD), affecting millions of people worldwide. Unfortunately, there is no treatment to cure or prevent the progression of those diseases. Cognitive impairment has been related to neuronal cell death and/or synaptic plasticity alteration in important brain regions, such as the cerebral cortex, substantia nigra, striatum, and hippocampus. Therefore, compounds that can act to protect the neuronal loss and/or to reestablish the synaptic activity are needed to prevent cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are two highly related multifunctional neuropeptides widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS). PACAP and VIP exert their action through two common receptors, VPAC1 and VPAC2, while PACAP has an additional specific receptor, PAC1. In this review article, we first presented evidence showing the therapeutic potential of PACAP and VIP to fight the cognitive decline observed in models of AD, PD, and HD. We also reviewed the main transduction pathways activated by PACAP and VIP receptors to reduce cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, we identified the therapeutic targets of PACAP and VIP, and finally, we evaluated different novel synthetic PACAP and VIP analogs as promising pharmacological tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Solés-Tarrés
- New Therapeutic Targets Group (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Núria Cabezas-Llobet
- New Therapeutic Targets Group (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - David Vaudry
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Neuropeptides, Neuronal Death and Cell Plasticity Team, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm, Rouen, France
| | - Xavier Xifró
- New Therapeutic Targets Group (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Oger S, Schapman D, Mougeot R, Leleu S, Lascoux N, Baldeck P, Bénard M, Gallavardin T, Galas L, Franck X. Two-Photon Absorption and Cell Imaging of Fluorene-Functionalized Epicocconone Analogues. Chemistry 2019; 25:10954-10964. [PMID: 31215691 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epicocconone 1 is a natural chromophore isolated from the fungus Epicoccum nigrum that has shown applications in proteomics and fluorescent microscopy thanks to its unique pro-fluorescence properties. The modification of the skeleton of the natural product by replacing the triene side chain by a fluorenyl scaffold can noticeably increase the fluorophore's absorption coefficient. The synthesis of the analogues of the natural product has been made possible by the use of a palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reaction, allowing the construction of the β-keto-dioxinone key intermediate. Two-photon absorption cross-section measurements of the fluorenyl epicocconone analogues show a structure dependency with values ranging from 60 to 280 GM and live cell imaging show intense staining of intracellular vesicle-like structures around the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Oger
- COBRA (UMR 6014 and FR 3038), Normandie Univ, CNRS, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Damien Schapman
- PRIMACEN, Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Univ, Inserm, UNIROUEN, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Romain Mougeot
- COBRA (UMR 6014 and FR 3038), Normandie Univ, CNRS, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Leleu
- COBRA (UMR 6014 and FR 3038), Normandie Univ, CNRS, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Noëlle Lascoux
- Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon,CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 46, allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Patrice Baldeck
- Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon,CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 46, allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Magalie Bénard
- PRIMACEN, Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Univ, Inserm, UNIROUEN, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Thibault Gallavardin
- COBRA (UMR 6014 and FR 3038), Normandie Univ, CNRS, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Ludovic Galas
- PRIMACEN, Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Univ, Inserm, UNIROUEN, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Xavier Franck
- COBRA (UMR 6014 and FR 3038), Normandie Univ, CNRS, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, 76000, Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Corbière A, Walet-Balieu ML, Chan P, Basille-Dugay M, Hardouin J, Vaudry D. A Peptidomic Approach to Characterize Peptides Involved in Cerebellar Cortex Development Leads to the Identification of the Neurotrophic Effects of Nociceptin. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:1737-1749. [PMID: 29895708 PMCID: PMC6126386 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is a brain structure involved in motor and cognitive functions. The development of the cerebellar cortex (the external part of the cerebellum) is under the control of numerous factors. Among these factors, neuropeptides including PACAP or somatostatin modulate the survival, migration and/or differentiation of cerebellar granule cells. Interestingly, such peptides contributing to cerebellar ontogenesis usually exhibit a specific transient expression profile with a low abundance at birth, a high expression level during the developmental processes, which take place within the first two postnatal weeks in rodents, and a gradual decline toward adulthood. Thus, to identify new peptides transiently expressed in the cerebellum during development, rat cerebella were sampled from birth to adulthood, and analyzed by a semi-quantitative peptidomic approach. A total of 33 peptides were found to be expressed in the cerebellum. Among these 33 peptides, 8 had a clear differential expression pattern during development, 4 of them i.e. cerebellin 2, nociceptin, somatostatin and VGF [353-372], exhibiting a high expression level during the first two postnatal weeks followed by a significative decrease at adulthood. A focus by a genomic approach on nociceptin, confirmed that its precursor mRNA is transiently expressed during the first week of life in granule neurons within the internal granule cell layer of the cerebellum, and showed that the nociceptin receptor is also actively expressed between P8 and P16 by the same neurons. Finally, functional studies revealed a new role for nociceptin, acting as a neurotrophic peptide able to promote the survival and differentiation of developing cerebellar granule neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Auriane Corbière
- From the ‡Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Neuropeptides, Neuronal death and Cell plasticity team, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Laure Walet-Balieu
- §Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen Proteomic Platform (PISSARO), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Chan
- §Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen Proteomic Platform (PISSARO), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Magali Basille-Dugay
- From the ‡Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Neuropeptides, Neuronal death and Cell plasticity team, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Julie Hardouin
- §Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen Proteomic Platform (PISSARO), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - David Vaudry
- From the ‡Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Neuropeptides, Neuronal death and Cell plasticity team, 76000 Rouen, France;
- §Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen Proteomic Platform (PISSARO), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
- ¶Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), 76000 Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xifró X, Rodríguez-Álvarez J. Delineating the factors and cellular mechanisms involved in the survival of cerebellar granule neurons. THE CEREBELLUM 2016; 14:354-9. [PMID: 25596943 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-015-0646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) constitute the most abundant neuronal population in the mammalian brain. Their postnatal generation and the feasibility to induce their apoptotic death in vitro make them an excellent model to study the effect of several neurotransmitters and neurotrophins. Here, we first review which factors are involved in the generation and proliferation of CGNs in the external granule layer (EGL) and in the regulation of their differentiation and migration to internal granule layer (IGL). Special attention was given to the role of several neurotrophins and the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptor. Then, using the paradigm of potassium deprivation in cultured CGNs, we address several extracellular factors that promote the survival of CGNs, with particular emphasis on the cellular mechanisms. The role of specific protein kinases leading to the regulation of transcription factors and recent data involving the small G protein family is also discussed. Finally, the participation of some members of Bcl-2 family and the inhibition of mitochondria-related apoptotic pathway is also considered. Altogether, these studies evidence that CGNs are a key model to understand the development and the survival of neuronal populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Xifró
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Girona, C/ Emili Grahit, 77, 17071, Girona, Spain,
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marzagalli R, Leggio GM, Bucolo C, Pricoco E, Keay KA, Cardile V, Castorina S, Salomone S, Drago F, Castorina A. Genetic blockade of the dopamine D3 receptor enhances hippocampal expression of PACAP and receptors and alters their cortical distribution. Neuroscience 2015; 316:279-95. [PMID: 26718601 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine D3 receptors (D3Rs) are implicated in several aspects of cognition, but their role in aversive conditioning has only been marginally uncovered. Investigations have reported that blockade of D3Rs enhances the acquisition of fear memories, a phenomenon tightly linked to the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP). However, the impact of D3R ablation on the PACAPergic system in regions critical for the formation of new memories remains unexplored. To address this issue, levels of PACAP and its receptors were compared in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex (CX) of mice devoid of functional D3Rs (D3R(-/-)) and wild-types (WTs) using a series of comparative immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses. Morphometric and stereological data revealed increased hippocampal area and volume in D3R(-/-) mice, and augmented neuronal density in CA1 and CA2/3 subfields. PACAP levels were increased in the hippocampus of D3R(-/-) mice. Expression of PACAP receptors was also heightened in mutant mice. In the CX, PACAP immunoreactivity (IR), was restricted to cortical layer V in WTs, but was distributed throughout layers IV-VI in D3R(-/-) mice, along with increased mRNAs, protein concentration and staining scores. Consistently, PAC1, VPAC1 and VPAC2 IRs were variably redistributed in CX, with a general upregulation in cortical layers II-IV in knockout animals. Our interpretation of these findings is that disturbed dopamine neurotransmission due to genetic D3R blockade may enhance the PACAP/PAC1-VPAC axis, a key endogenous system for the processing of fear memories. This could explain, at least in part, the facilitated acquisition and consolidation of aversive memories in D3R(-/-) mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Marzagalli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - G M Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - C Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - E Pricoco
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - K A Keay
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - V Cardile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - S Castorina
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - S Salomone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - F Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - A Castorina
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy; Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bénard M, Schapman D, Lebon A, Monterroso B, Bellenger M, Le Foll F, Pasquier J, Vaudry H, Vaudry D, Galas L. Structural and functional analysis of tunneling nanotubes (TnTs) using gCW STED and gconfocal approaches. Biol Cell 2015; 107:419-25. [PMID: 26094971 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201500004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Tunneling nanotubes (TnTs) are thin plasma membrane bridges mediating transfers of materials and signals between cells. Heterogeneity of heterocellular and homocellular TnTs is largely described but ultrafine imaging of these light-sensitive floating nanometric structures represents a real challenge in microscopy. We propose here imaging strategies designed to dissect structural and dynamic aspects of TnT formation and function in fixed or living PC12 cells. RESULTS Through time-gated Continuous Wave STimulated Emission Depletion (gCW STED) nanoscopy associated with deconvolution, we provided nanoscale details of membrane and cytoskeleton organisations in two subtypes of TnTs, namely type 1 TnT (TnT1) and type 2 TnT (TnT2). In fixed PC12 cells, TnT1 (length, several tens of micrometres; diameter, 100-650 nm) exhibited a large trumpet-shaped origin, a clear cytosolic tunnel and different bud-shaped connections from closed-ended to open-ended tips. TnT1 contained both actin and tubulin. TnT2 (length, max 20 μm, diameter, 70-200 nm) only contained actin without clear cytosolic tunnel. In living PC12 cells, we observed through gCW STED additional details, unrevealed so far, including a filament spindle emerging from an organising centre at the origin of TnT1 and branched or bulbous attachments of TnT2. However, the power of depletion laser in STED nanoscopy was deleterious for TnTs and prolonged time-lapse experiments were almost prohibited. By circumventing the hazard of photoxicity, we were able to monitor dynamics of bud-shaped tips and intercellular transfer of wheat germ agglutinin labelled cellular elements through time-gated confocal microscopy. CONCLUSIONS Our work identified new structural characteristics of two subtypes of TnTs in PC12 cells as well as dynamics of formation and transfer through complementary imaging methods combined with image processing. Therefore, we could achieve maximum lateral resolution and sample preservation during acquisitions to reveal new insights into TnT studies. SIGNIFICANCE Due to large disparity of TnT-like structures in neuronal, immune, cancer or epithelial cells, high- and superresolution approaches can be utilised for full characterisation of these yet poorly understood routes of cell-to-cell communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Bénard
- Cell imaging platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Infrastructure en Biologie, Santé et Agronomie (IBiSA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.,Normandie University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Damien Schapman
- Cell imaging platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Infrastructure en Biologie, Santé et Agronomie (IBiSA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.,Normandie University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Alexis Lebon
- Cell imaging platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Infrastructure en Biologie, Santé et Agronomie (IBiSA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.,Normandie University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Baptiste Monterroso
- Cell imaging platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Infrastructure en Biologie, Santé et Agronomie (IBiSA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.,Normandie University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Marine Bellenger
- Cell imaging platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Infrastructure en Biologie, Santé et Agronomie (IBiSA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.,Normandie University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Frank Le Foll
- UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO/Unité Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, Université du Havre, France
| | - Jennifer Pasquier
- UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO/Unité Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, Université du Havre, France.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hubert Vaudry
- Cell imaging platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Infrastructure en Biologie, Santé et Agronomie (IBiSA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.,Normandie University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - David Vaudry
- Cell imaging platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Infrastructure en Biologie, Santé et Agronomie (IBiSA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.,Normandie University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Ludovic Galas
- Cell imaging platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Infrastructure en Biologie, Santé et Agronomie (IBiSA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.,Normandie University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bénard M, Lebon A, Komuro H, Vaudry D, Galas L. Ex vivo imaging of postnatal cerebellar granule cell migration using confocal macroscopy. J Vis Exp 2015:e52810. [PMID: 25992599 PMCID: PMC4542730 DOI: 10.3791/52810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During postnatal development, immature granule cells (excitatory interneurons) exhibit tangential migration in the external granular layer, and then radial migration in the molecular layer and the Purkinje cell layer to reach the internal granular layer of the cerebellar cortex. Default in migratory processes induces either cell death or misplacement of the neurons, leading to deficits in diverse cerebellar functions. Centripetal granule cell migration involves several mechanisms, such as chemotaxis and extracellular matrix degradation, to guide the cells towards their final position, but the factors that regulate cell migration in each cortical layer are only partially known. In our method, acute cerebellar slices are prepared from P10 rats, granule cells are labeled with a fluorescent cytoplasmic marker and tissues are cultured on membrane inserts from 4 to 10 hr before starting real-time monitoring of cell migration by confocal macroscopy at 37 °C in the presence of CO2. During their migration in the different cortical layers of the cerebellum, granule cells can be exposed to neuropeptide agonists or antagonists, protease inhibitors, blockers of intracellular effectors or even toxic substances such as alcohol or methylmercury to investigate their possible role in the regulation of neuronal migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Bénard
- PRIMACEN, Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy, Inserm, IRIB, University of Rouen
| | - Alexis Lebon
- PRIMACEN, Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy, Inserm, IRIB, University of Rouen
| | - Hitoshi Komuro
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University
| | - David Vaudry
- PRIMACEN, Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy, Inserm, IRIB, University of Rouen
| | - Ludovic Galas
- PRIMACEN, Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy, Inserm, IRIB, University of Rouen;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Castorina A, Waschek JA, Marzagalli R, Cardile V, Drago F. PACAP interacts with PAC1 receptors to induce tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) expression and activity in schwann cell-like cultures. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117799. [PMID: 25658447 PMCID: PMC4319891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of peripheral nerves depends on the abilities of rejuvenating axons to migrate at the injury site through cellular debris and altered extracellular matrix, and then grow along the residual distal nerve sheath conduit and reinnervate synaptic targets. Considerable evidence suggest that glial cells participate in this process, although the mechanisms remain to be clarified. In cell culture, regenerating neurites secrete PACAP, a peptide shown to induce the expression of the protease tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in neural cell types. In the present studies, we tested the hypothesis that PACAP can stimulate peripheral glial cells to produce tPA. More specifically, we addressed whether or not PACAP promoted the expression and activity of tPA in the Schwann cell line RT4-D6P2T, which shares biochemical and physical properties with Schwann cells. We found that PACAP dose- and time-dependently stimulated tPA expression both at the mRNA and protein level. Such effect was mimicked by maxadilan, a potent PAC1 receptor agonist, but not by the PACAP-related homolog VIP, suggesting a PAC1-mediated function. These actions appeared to be mediated at least in part by the Akt/CREB signaling cascade because wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor, prevented peptide-driven CREB phosphorylation and tPA increase. Interestingly, treatment with BDNF mimicked PACAP actions on tPA, but acted through both the Akt and MAPK signaling pathways, while causing a robust increase in PACAP and PAC1 expression. PACAP6-38 totally blocked PACAP-driven tPA expression and in part hampered BDNF-mediated effects. We conclude that PACAP, acting through PAC1 receptors, stimulates tPA expression and activity in a Akt/CREB-dependent manner to promote proteolytic activity in Schwann-cell like cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Castorina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - James A. Waschek
- Semel Institute/Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rubina Marzagalli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Venera Cardile
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Komuro Y, Galas L, Lebon A, Raoult E, Fahrion JK, Tilot A, Kumada T, Ohno N, Vaudry D, Komuro H. The role of calcium and cyclic nucleotide signaling in cerebellar granule cell migration under normal and pathological conditions. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 75:369-87. [PMID: 25066767 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the developing brain, immature neurons migrate from their sites of origin to their final destination, where they reside for the rest of their lives. This active movement of immature neurons is essential for the formation of normal neuronal cytoarchitecture and proper differentiation. Deficits in migration result in the abnormal development of the brain, leading to a variety of neurological disorders. A myriad of extracellular guidance molecules and intracellular effector molecules is involved in controlling the migration of immature neurons in a cell type, cortical layer and birth-date-specific manner. To date, little is known about how extracellular guidance molecules transfer their information to the intracellular effector molecules, which regulate the migration of immature neurons. In this article, to fill the gap between extracellular guidance molecules and intracellular effector molecules, using the migration of cerebellar granule cells as a model system of neuronal cell migration, we explore the role of second messenger signaling (specifically Ca(2+) and cyclic nucleotide signaling) in the regulation of neuronal cell migration. We will, first, describe the cortical layer-specific changes in granule cell migration. Second, we will discuss the roles of Ca(2+) and cyclic nucleotide signaling in controlling granule cell migration. Third, we will present recent studies showing the roles of Ca(2+) and cyclic nucleotide signaling in the deficits in granule cell migration in mouse models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and fetal Minamata disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Komuro
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Raoult E, Bénard M, Komuro H, Lebon A, Vivien D, Fournier A, Vaudry H, Vaudry D, Galas L. Cortical-layer-specific effects of PACAP and tPA on interneuron migration during post-natal development of the cerebellum. J Neurochem 2014; 130:241-54. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Raoult
- Inserm; PRIMACEN; Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- University of Rouen; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB); Rouen France
- Inserm, U982, DC2N; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- International Associated laboratory Samuel de Champlain; Inserm-INRS; France
| | - Magalie Bénard
- Inserm; PRIMACEN; Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- University of Rouen; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB); Rouen France
| | - Hitoshi Komuro
- Department of Neuroscience/NC30; Lerner Research Institute; The Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Alexis Lebon
- Inserm; PRIMACEN; Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- University of Rouen; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB); Rouen France
- Inserm, U982, DC2N; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- International Associated laboratory Samuel de Champlain; Inserm-INRS; France
| | | | - Alain Fournier
- International Associated laboratory Samuel de Champlain; Inserm-INRS; France
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Institut Armand-Frappier; Université du Québec; Laval Canada
| | - Hubert Vaudry
- Inserm; PRIMACEN; Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- University of Rouen; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB); Rouen France
- Inserm, U982, DC2N; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- International Associated laboratory Samuel de Champlain; Inserm-INRS; France
| | - David Vaudry
- Inserm; PRIMACEN; Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- University of Rouen; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB); Rouen France
- Inserm, U982, DC2N; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- International Associated laboratory Samuel de Champlain; Inserm-INRS; France
| | - Ludovic Galas
- Inserm; PRIMACEN; Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- University of Rouen; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB); Rouen France
| |
Collapse
|