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McKee C, Foley K, Andersh KM, Marola OJ, Wadzinski B, Libby RT, Shrager P, Xia H. Neuronal protein phosphatase 1β regulates glutamate release, cortical myelination, node of Ranvier formation, and action potential propagation in the optic nerve. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.10.593531. [PMID: 38766050 PMCID: PMC11100799 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.10.593531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Precise regulation of protein phosphorylation is critical for many cellular processes, and dysfunction in this process has been linked to various neurological disorders and diseases. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine phosphatase with three major isoforms, (α, β, γ) and hundreds of known substrates. Previously, we reported that PP1α and PP1γ are essential for the known role of PP1 in synaptic physiology and learning/memory, while PP1β displayed a surprising opposing function. De novo mutations in PP1β cause neurodevelopmental disorders in humans, but the mechanisms involved are currently unknown. A Cre-Lox system was used to delete PP1β specifically in neurons in order to study its effects on developing mice. These animals fail to survive to 3 postnatal weeks, and exhibit deficits in cortical myelination and glutamate release. There was defective compound action potential (CAP) propagation in the optic nerve of the null mice, which was traced to a deficit in the formation of nodes of Ranvier. Finally, it was found that phosphorylation of the PP1β-specific substrate, myosin light chain 2 (MLC2), is significantly enhanced in PP1β null optic nerves. Several novel important in vivo roles of PP1β in neurons were discovered, and these data will aid future investigations in delineating the mechanisms by which de novo mutations in PP1β lead to intellectual and developmental delays in patients.
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Matsumura F, Murayama T, Kuriyama R, Matsumura A, Yamashiro S. Myosin phosphatase targeting subunit1 controls localization and motility of Rab7-containing vesicles: Is myosin phosphatase a cytoplasmic dynein regulator? Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38700016 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Myosin phosphatase targeting subunit1 (MYPT1) is a critical subunit of myosin phosphatase (MP), which brings PP1Cδ phosphatase and its substrate together. We previously showed that MYPT1 depletion resulted in oblique chromatid segregation. Therefore, we hypothesized that MYPT1 may control microtubule-dependent motor activity. Dynein, a minus-end microtubule motor, is known to be involved in mitotic spindle assembly. We thus examined whether MYPT1 and dynein may interact. Proximity ligation assay and co-immunoprecipitation revealed that MYPT1 and dynein intermediate chain (DIC) were associated. We found that DIC phosphorylation is increased in MYPT1-depleted cells in vivo, and that MP was able to dephosphorylate DIC in vitro. MYPT1 depletion also altered the localization and motility of Rab7-containing vesicles. MYPT1-depletion dispersed the perinuclear Rab7 localization to the peripheral in interphase cells. The dispersed Rab7 localization was rescued by microinjection of a constitutively active, truncated MYPT1 mutant, supporting that MP is responsible for the altered Rab7 localization. Analyses of Rab7 vesicle trafficking also revealed that minus-end transport was reduced in MYPT1-depleted cells. These results suggest an unexpected role of MP: MP controls dynein activity in both mitotic and interphase cells, possibly by dephosphorylating dynein subunits including DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Matsumura
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Takashi Murayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Kuriyama
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aya Matsumura
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shigeko Yamashiro
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Tanaka R, Liao J, Hada K, Mori D, Nagai T, Matsuzaki T, Nabeshima T, Kaibuchi K, Ozaki N, Mizoguchi H, Yamada K. Inhibition of Rho-kinase ameliorates decreased spine density in the medial prefrontal cortex and methamphetamine-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice carrying schizophrenia-associated mutations of the Arhgap10 gene. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106589. [PMID: 36462727 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Copy-number variations in the ARHGAP10 gene encoding Rho GTPase-activating protein 10 are associated with schizophrenia. Model mice (Arhgap10 S490P/NHEJ mice) that carry "double-hit" mutations in the Arhgap10 gene mimic the schizophrenia in a Japanese patient, exhibiting altered spine density, methamphetamine-induced cognitive dysfunction, and activation of RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling. However, it remains unclear whether the activation of RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling due to schizophrenia-associated Arhgap10 mutations causes the phenotypes of these model mice. Here, we investigated the effects of fasudil, a brain permeable Rho-kinase inhibitor, on altered spine density in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and on methamphetamine-induced cognitive impairment in a touchscreen‑based visual discrimination task in Arhgap10 S490P/NHEJ mice. Fasudil (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) suppressed the increased phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit 1, a substrate of Rho-kinase, in the striatum and mPFC of Arhgap10 S490P/NHEJ mice. In addition, daily oral administration of fasudil (20 mg/kg/day) for 7 days ameliorated the reduced spine density of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the mPFC. Moreover, fasudil (3-20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) rescued the methamphetamine (0.3 mg/kg)-induced cognitive impairment of visual discrimination in Arhgap10 S490P/NHEJ mice. Our results suggest that Rho-kinase plays significant roles in the neuropathological changes in spine morphology and in the vulnerability of cognition to methamphetamine in mice with schizophrenia-associated Arhgap10 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinako Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Jingzhu Liao
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan; Division of Behavioral Neuropharmacology, International Center for Brain Science (ICBS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Matsuzaki
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Laboratory of Health and Medical Science Innovation, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Aichi 468-0069, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan; International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1129, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizoguchi
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan; Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Aichi 468-0069, Japan.
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Antipsychotic-like effects of fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, in a pharmacologic animal model of schizophrenia. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175207. [PMID: 35987254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Current antipsychotics used to treat schizophrenia have associated problems, including serious side effects and treatment resistance. We recently identified a significant association of schizophrenia with exonic copy number variations in the Rho GTPase activating protein 10 (ARHGAP10) gene using genome-wide analysis. ARHGAP10 encodes a RhoGAP superfamily member that is involved in small GTPase signaling. In mice, Arhgap10 gene variations result in RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway activation. We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of fasudil and hydroxyfasudil using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in mice. The antipsychotic effects of fasudil on hyperlocomotion, social interaction deficits, prepulse inhibition deficits, and novel object recognition deficits were also investigated in a MK-801-treated pharmacological mouse schizophrenia model. Fasudil and its major metabolite, hydroxyfasudil, were detected in the brain at concentrations above their respective Ki values for Rho-kinase after intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg kg-1 fasudil. Fasudil improved the hyperlocomotion, social interaction deficits, prepulse inhibition deficits, and novel object recognition deficits in MK-801-treated mice in a dose-dependent manner. Following oral administration of fasudil, brain hydroxyfasudil was detected at concentration above the Ki value for Rho-kinase whilst fasudil was undetectable. MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion was also improved by oral fasudil administration. These results suggest that fasudil has antipsychotic-like effects on the MK-801-treated pharmacological mouse schizophrenia model. There are two isoforms in Rho-kinase, and further investigation is needed to clarify the isoforms involved in the antipsychotic-like effects of fasudil in the MK-801-treated mouse schizophrenia model.
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Major E, Keller I, Horváth D, Tamás I, Erdődi F, Lontay B. Smoothelin-Like Protein 1 Regulates the Thyroid Hormone-Induced Homeostasis and Remodeling of C2C12 Cells via the Modulation of Myosin Phosphatase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10293. [PMID: 34638630 PMCID: PMC8508602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological elevation of the active thyroid hormone (T3) level results in the manifestation of hyperthyroidism, which is associated with alterations in the differentiation and contractile function of skeletal muscle (SKM). Myosin phosphatase (MP) is a major cellular regulator that hydrolyzes the phosphoserine of phosphorylated myosin II light chain. MP consists of an MYPT1/2 regulatory and a protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit. Smoothelin-like protein 1 (SMTNL1) is known to inhibit MP by directly binding to MP as well as by suppressing the expression of MYPT1 at the transcriptional level. Supraphysiological vs. physiological concentration of T3 were applied on C2C12 myoblasts and differentiated myotubes in combination with the overexpression of SMTNL1 to assess the role and regulation of MP under these conditions. In non-differentiated myoblasts, MP included MYPT1 in the holoenzyme complex and its expression and activity was regulated by SMTNL1, affecting the phosphorylation level of MLC20 assessed using semi-quantitative Western blot analysis. SMTNL1 negatively influenced the migration and cytoskeletal remodeling of myoblasts measured by high content screening. In contrast, in myotubes, the expression of MYPT2 but not MYPT1 increased in a T3-dependent and SMTNL1-independent manner. T3 treatment combined with SMTNL1 overexpression impeded the activity of MP. In addition, MP interacted with Na+/K+-ATPase and dephosphorylated its inhibitory phosphorylation sites, identifying this protein as a novel MP substrate. These findings may help us gain a better understanding of myopathy, muscle weakness and the disorder of muscle regeneration in hyperthyroid patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Beáta Lontay
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.M.); (I.K.); (D.H.); (I.T.); (F.E.)
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Regulation of Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity by Protein Phosphatase 1. J Neurosci 2021; 41:3040-3050. [PMID: 33827970 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2026-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatases, by counteracting protein kinases, regulate the reversible phosphorylation of many substrates involved in synaptic plasticity, a cellular model for learning and memory. A prominent phosphatase regulating synaptic plasticity and neurologic disorders is the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). PP1 has three isoforms (α, β, and γ, encoded by three different genes), which are regulated by a vast number of interacting subunits that define their enzymatic substrate specificity. In this review, we discuss evidence showing that PP1 regulates synaptic transmission and plasticity, as well as presenting novel models of PP1 regulation suggested by recent experimental evidence. We also outline the required targeting of PP1 by neurabin and spinophilin to achieve substrate specificity at the synapse to regulate AMPAR and NMDAR function. We then highlight the role of inhibitor-2 in regulating PP1 function in plasticity, including its positive regulation of PP1 function in vivo in memory formation. We also discuss the distinct function of the three PP1 isoforms in synaptic plasticity and brain function, as well as briefly discuss the role of inhibitory phosphorylation of PP1, which has received recent emphasis in the regulation of PP1 activity in neurons.
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Kónya Z, Bécsi B, Kiss A, Horváth D, Raics M, Kövér KE, Lontay B, Erdődi F. Inhibition of protein phosphatase-1 and -2A by ellagitannins: structure-inhibitory potency relationships and influences on cellular systems. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:500-509. [PMID: 30696301 PMCID: PMC6352937 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1557653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several ellagitannins inhibited the activity of protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) and -2 A (PP2A) catalytic subunits (PP1c and PP2Ac) with preferential suppression of PP1c over PP2Ac. The inhibitory potency for PP1c followed the order of tellimagrandin I > mahtabin A > praecoxin B > 1.2-Di-O-galloyl-4.6-(S)-HHDP-β-D-glucopyranose > pedunculagin with IC50 values ranging from 0.20 µM to 2.47 µM. The interaction of PP1c and tellimagrandin I was assessed by NMR saturation transfer difference, surface plasmon resonance, isothermal titration calorimetry, and microscale thermophoresis based binding techniques. Tellimagrandin I suppressed viability and phosphatase activity of HeLa cells, while mahtabin A was without effect. Conversely, mahtabin A increased the phosphorylation level of SNAP-25Thr138 and suppressed exocytosis of cortical synaptosomes, whereas tellimagrandin I was without influence. Our results establish ellagitannins as partially selective inhibitors of PP1 and indicate that these polyphenols may act distinctly in cellular systems depending on their membrane permeability and/or their actions on cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Kónya
- a Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary.,b MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signalling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Bálint Bécsi
- a Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Andrea Kiss
- a Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Dániel Horváth
- a Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Mária Raics
- c Institute of Chemistry, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Katalin E Kövér
- c Institute of Chemistry, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Beáta Lontay
- a Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Ferenc Erdődi
- a Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary.,b MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signalling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
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Kiss A, Erdődi F, Lontay B. Myosin phosphatase: Unexpected functions of a long-known enzyme. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:2-15. [PMID: 30076859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Myosin phosphatase (MP) holoenzyme is a Ser/Thr specific enzyme, which is the member of protein phosphatase type 1 (PP1) family and composed of a PP1 catalytic subunit (PP1c/PPP1CB) and a myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT1/PPP1R12A). PP1c is required for the catalytic activity of the holoenzyme, while MYPT1 regulates MP through targeting the holoenzyme to its substrates. Above the well-characterized function of MP, as the major regulator of smooth muscle contractility mediating the dephosphorylation of 20 kDa myosin light chain, accumulating data support its role in other, non-contractile functions. In this review, we summarize the scaffold function of MP holoenzyme and its roles in processes such as cell cycle, development, gene expression regulation and neurotransmitter release. In particular, we highlight novel interacting proteins of MYPT1 and pathophysiological functions of MP relevant to tumorigenesis, insulin resistance and neurodegenerative disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Phosphatases as Critical Regulators for Cellular Homeostasis edited by Prof. Peter Ruvolo and Dr. Veerle Janssens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kiss
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Erdődi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Lontay
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Horváth D, Tamás I, Sipos A, Darula Z, Bécsi B, Nagy D, Iván J, Erdődi F, Lontay B. Myosin phosphatase and RhoA-activated kinase modulate neurotransmitter release by regulating SNAP-25 of SNARE complex. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177046. [PMID: 28486561 PMCID: PMC5423623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation of neuronal proteins plays an important role in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. Myosin phosphatase holoenzyme (MP) consists of a protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) catalytic subunit (PP1c) and a regulatory subunit, termed myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT1). The primary function of MP is to regulate the phosphorylation level of contractile proteins; however, recent studies have shown that MP is localized to neurons, and is also involved in the mediation of neuronal processes. Our goal was to investigate the effect of RhoA-activated kinase (ROK) and MP on the phosphorylation of one potential neuronal substrate, the synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25). SNAP-25 is a member of the SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) complex, along with synaptobrevin and syntaxin, and the primary role of SNAP25 is to mediate vesicle fusion. We showed that MYPT1 interacts with SNAP-25, as revealed by immunoprecipitation and surface plasmon resonance based binding studies. Mass spectrometry analysis and in vitro phosphorylation/dephosphorylation assays demonstrated that ROK phosphorylates, while MP dephosphorylates, SNAP-25 at Thr138. Silencing MYPT1 in B50 neuroblastoma cells increased phosphorylation of SNAP-25 at Thr138. Inhibition of PP1 with tautomycetin increased, whereas inhibition of ROK by H1152, decreased the phosphorylation of SNAP-25 at Thr138 in B50 cells, in cortical synaptosomes, and in brain slices. In response to the transduction of the MP inhibitor, kinase-enhanced PP1 inhibitor (KEPI), into synaptosomes, an increase in phosphorylation of SNAP-25 and a decrease in the extent of neurotransmitter release were detected. The interaction between SNAP-25 and syntaxin increased with decreasing phosphorylation of SNAP-25 at Thr138, upon inhibition of ROK. Our data suggest that ROK/MP play a crucial role in vesicle trafficking, fusion, and neurotransmitter release by oppositely regulating the phosphorylation of SNAP-25 at Thr138.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Horváth
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Tamás
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Darula
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Proteomics Research Group, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bálint Bécsi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dénes Nagy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Iván
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Erdődi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Lontay
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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Interplay of myosin phosphatase and protein phosphatase-2A in the regulation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase phosphorylation and nitric oxide production. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44698. [PMID: 28300193 PMCID: PMC5353758 DOI: 10.1038/srep44698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) at Thr497 (eNOSpThr497) by protein kinase C or RhoA-activated kinase is a major regulatory determinant of eNOS activity. The signalling mechanisms involved in the dephosphorylation of eNOSpThr497 have not yet been clarified. This study identifies myosin phosphatase (MP) holoenzyme consisting of protein phosphatase-1 catalytic subunit (PP1c) and MP target subunit-1 (MYPT1) as an eNOSpThr497 phosphatase. In support of this finding are: (i) eNOS and MYPT1 interacts in various endothelial cells (ECs) and in in vitro binding assays (ii) MYPT1 targets and stimulates PP1c toward eNOSpThr497 substrate (iii) phosphorylation of MYPT1 at Thr696 (MYPT1pThr696) controls the activity of MP on eNOSpThr497. Phosphatase inhibition suppresses both NO production and transendothelial resistance (TER) of ECs. In contrast, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) signals ECs via the 67 kDa laminin-receptor (67LR) resulting in protein kinase A dependent activation of protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A). PP2A dephosphorylates MYPT1pThr696 and thereby stimulates MP activity inducing dephosphorylation of eNOSpThr497 and the 20 kDa myosin II light chains. Thus an interplay of MP and PP2A is involved in the physiological regulation of EC functions implying that an EGCG dependent activation of these phosphatases leads to enhanced NO production and EC barrier improvement.
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Quintin S, Wang S, Pontabry J, Bender A, Robin F, Hyenne V, Landmann F, Gally C, Oegema K, Labouesse M. Non-centrosomal epidermal microtubules act in parallel to LET-502/ROCK to promote C. elegans elongation. Development 2015; 143:160-73. [PMID: 26586219 PMCID: PMC6514414 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
C. elegans embryonic elongation is a morphogenetic event driven by actomyosin contractility and muscle-induced tension transmitted through hemidesmosomes. A role for the microtubule cytoskeleton has also been proposed, but its contribution remains poorly characterized. Here, we investigate the organization of the non-centrosomal microtubule arrays present in the epidermis and assess their function in elongation. We show that the microtubule regulators γ-tubulin and NOCA-1 are recruited to hemidesmosomes and adherens junctions early in elongation. Several parallel approaches suggest that microtubule nucleation occurs from these sites. Disrupting the epidermal microtubule array by overexpressing the microtubule-severing protein Spastin or by inhibiting the C. elegans ninein homolog NOCA-1 in the epidermis mildly affected elongation. However, microtubules were essential for elongation when hemidesmosomes or the activity of the Rho kinase LET-502/ROCK were partially compromised. Imaging of junctional components and genetic analyses suggest that epidermal microtubules function together with Rho kinase to promote the transport of E-cadherin to adherens junctions and myotactin to hemidesmosomes. Our results indicate that the role of LET-502 in junctional remodeling is likely to be independent of its established function as a myosin II activator, but requires a microtubule-dependent pathway involving the syntaxin SYX-5. Hence, we propose that non-centrosomal microtubules organized by epidermal junctions contribute to elongation by transporting junction remodeling factors, rather than having a mechanical role. Summary: During C. elegans embryonic elongation, microtubules nucleate at adjerens junctions and hemidesmosomes, and are important for the transport of junctional proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Quintin
- IGBMC - CNRS UMR 7104 - INSERM U964 - Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, Illkirch 67404, Cedex, France
| | - Shahoe Wang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Julien Pontabry
- IGBMC - CNRS UMR 7104 - INSERM U964 - Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, Illkirch 67404, Cedex, France
| | - Ambre Bender
- IGBMC - CNRS UMR 7104 - INSERM U964 - Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, Illkirch 67404, Cedex, France
| | - François Robin
- Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, IBPS FR3631, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 7-9 Quai Saint Bernard, Paris 75005, France
| | - Vincent Hyenne
- IGBMC - CNRS UMR 7104 - INSERM U964 - Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, Illkirch 67404, Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Landmann
- IGBMC - CNRS UMR 7104 - INSERM U964 - Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, Illkirch 67404, Cedex, France
| | - Christelle Gally
- IGBMC - CNRS UMR 7104 - INSERM U964 - Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, Illkirch 67404, Cedex, France
| | - Karen Oegema
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michel Labouesse
- IGBMC - CNRS UMR 7104 - INSERM U964 - Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, Illkirch 67404, Cedex, France Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, IBPS FR3631, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 7-9 Quai Saint Bernard, Paris 75005, France
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Bécsi B, Dedinszki D, Gyémánt G, Máthé C, Vasas G, Lontay B, Erdődi F. Identification of protein phosphatase interacting proteins from normal and UVA-irradiated HaCaT cell lysates by surface plasmon resonance based binding technique using biotin-microcystin-LR as phosphatase capturing molecule. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 138:240-8. [PMID: 24993084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Identification of the interacting proteins of protein phosphatases is crucial to understand the cellular roles of these enzymes. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1 (PP1), -2A (PP2A), PP4, PP5 and PP6, was biotinylated, immobilized to streptavidin-coupled sensorchip surface and used in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based binding experiments to isolate phosphatase binding proteins. Biotin-MC-LR captured PP1 catalytic subunit (PP1c) stably and the biotin-MC-LR-PP1c complex was able to further interact with the regulatory subunit (MYPT1) of myosin phosphatase. Increased biotin-MC-LR coated sensorchip surface in the Surface Prep unit of Biacore 3000 captured PP1c, PP2Ac and their regulatory proteins including MYPT1, MYPT family TIMAP, inhibitor-2 as well as PP2A-A and -Bα-subunits from normal and UVA-irradiated HaCaT cell lysates as revealed by dot blot analysis of the recovered proteins. Biotin-MC-LR was used for the subcellular localization of protein phosphatases in HaCaT cells by identification of phosphatase-bound biotin-MC-LR with fluorescent streptavidin conjugates. Partial colocalization of the biotin-MC-LR signals with those obtained using anti-PP1c and anti-PP2Ac antibodies was apparent as judged by confocal microscopy. Our results imply that biotin-MC-LR is a suitable capture molecule in SPR for isolation of protein phosphatase interacting proteins from cell lysates in sufficient amounts for immunological detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Bécsi
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dóra Dedinszki
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Gyémánt
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Máthé
- Department of Botany, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasas
- Department of Botany, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Lontay
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Erdődi
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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